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Malek Mohammadi M, Rismanchi H, Esmailzadeh S, Farahani A, Hedayati N, Alimohammadi M, Mafi A, Farahani N, Hushmandi K. The emerging role of circular RNAs in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer: From molecular mechanism to future potential. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1280-1291. [PMID: 39040815 PMCID: PMC11261309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common cause of death in female cancers. The prognosis of OC is very poor due to delayed diagnosis and identification of most patients in advanced stages, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. As chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin (DDP) is the main treatment in most OC cases, resistance to DDP is an important obstacle to achieving satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, knowing the different molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to DDP is necessary to achieve new therapeutic approaches. According to numerous recent studies, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance in many cancers, including OC. Most of these ncRNAs are released by tumor cells into human fluid, allowing them to be used as tools for diagnosis. CircRNAs are ncRNA family members that have a role in the initiation, progression, and chemoresistance regulation of various cancers. In the current study, we investigated the roles of several circRNAs and their signaling pathways on OC progression and also on DDP resistance during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Esmailzadeh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Farahani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Hama Faraj GS, Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Fatih Rasul M, Hajiesmaeili Y, Baniahmad A, Taheri M. Advanced approaches of the use of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:811-830. [PMID: 38590433 PMCID: PMC10999493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a broad name for a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and are characterized by their complexity and recurrence. Although there has been progress in cancer therapy with the entry of precision medicine and immunotherapy, cancer incidence rates have increased globally. Non-coding RNAs in the form of circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and therapy of different diseases, including cancer. According to recent studies, circRNAs appear to serve as accurate indicators and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, circRNAs are promising candidates for cutting-edge cancer therapy because of their distinctive circular structure, stability, and wide range of capabilities; many challenges persist that decrease the applications of circRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Here, we explore the roles of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy, highlight the main challenges facing circRNA-based cancer therapies, and discuss the key strategies to overcome these challenges to improve advanced innovative therapies based on circRNAs with long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Li Y, Fan A, Zhang Y, Meng W, Pan W, Wu F, Ma Z, Chen W. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001610 promotes prostate cancer progression by sponging miR-1324 and upregulating PTK6. Gene 2024; 930:148818. [PMID: 39098513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and cancer-related deaths are both high in the male population. Once castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has developed, PCa can be difficult to manage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In CRPC, however, the potential molecular mechanisms and biological functions of circRNAs are yet to be defined. In this study, we conducted RNA sequencing on four hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) tumor tissue samples and three CRPC samples. We recognized hsa_circ_0001610, a novel circRNA that was highly expressed in the cells and tissue of CRPC. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to evaluate hsa_circ_0001610 expression. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments and found that hsa_circ_0001610 overexpression caused PCa cells to proliferate and migrate and caused enzalutamide resistance. In contrast, the opposite results were found for hsa_circ_0001610 knockdown. We used Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), qRT-PCR, and rescue experiments to reveal the underlying mechanisms of hsa_circ_0001610. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001610 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-1324 and thus reversed its inhibitory effect on its target gene PTK6. As a result, the PTK6 expression was enhanced, which accelerated PCa progression. The findings of this study confirmed that hsa_circ_0001610 drives the progression of PCa through the hsa_circ_0001610/miR-1324/PTK6 axis. Thus, hsa_circ_0001610 is potentially an effective therapeutic target and specific biomarker for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aoyu Fan
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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4
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Hu Y, Wu X, Tan X, Zhang J. Hsa_circRNA_007630 knockdown delays colon cancer progression by modulation of ferroptosis via miR-506-3p/AURKA axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23771. [PMID: 39015057 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Colon cancer contributes to high mortality rates internationally that has seriously endangered human health. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) served as a key molecule in colon cancer. However, its role of AURKA on regulating ferroptosis in colon cancer and their possible interactions with miRNAs and circRNAs remain still elusive. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis after RNA-sequencing was conducted to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), ferroptosis-related DEGs and hub genes. The direct relationship between miR-506-3p and hsa_circRNA_007630 or AURKA was predicted, then verified by dual luciferase reporter and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The rescue experiments were conducted by cotransfection with si-hsa_circRNA_007630, miR-506-3p inhibitor or pcDNA-AURKA in HT29 cells. Erastin was used to induce ferroptosis in HT29 cells and validated by detecting levels of intracellular Fe2+, lipid reactive oxygen species, glutathione, malondialdehyde and ferroptosis markers expression. We screened a total of 331 DEGs, 26 ferroptosis-related genes, among which 3 hub genes were identified through PPI network analysis. Therein, AURKA expression was elevated in colon cancer cells. Moreover, AURKA was targeted by miR-506-3p, and hsa_circRNA_007630 operated as miR-506-3p sponge. The effect of hsa_circRNA_007630 depletion on the inhibiting malignant phenotypes of HT29 cells was rescued by inhibition of miR-506-3p or AURKA overexpression. Additionally, AURKA reduced erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT29 cells. Depletion of circRNA_007630 exerts as a suppressive role in colon cancer through a novel miR-506-3p/AURKA pathway related to ferroptosis, and might become a novel marker for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, China
| | - Xiongjian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University), Ganzhou City, China
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5
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Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Mohammed AA, Rasul MF, Hussein AM, Eslami S, Glassy MC, Taheri M. Advanced strategies of targeting circular RNAs as therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer drug resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155402. [PMID: 38885593 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands second in terms of mortality and third among the highest prevalent kinds of cancer globally. CRC prevalence is rising in moderately and poorly developed regions and is greater in economically advanced regions. Despite breakthroughs in targeted therapy, resistance to chemotherapeutics remains a significant challenge in the long-term management of CRC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been involved in growing cancer therapy resistance, particularly in CRC, according to an increasing number of studies in recent years. CircRNAs are one of the novel subclasses of non-coding RNAs, previously thought of as viroid. According to studies, circRNAs have been recommended as biological markers for therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic purposes. That is particularly notable given that the expression of circRNAs has been linked to the hallmarks of CRC since they are responsible for drug resistance in CRC patients; thereby, circRNAs are significant for chemotherapy failure. Moreover, knowledge concerning circRNAs remains relatively unclear despite using all these advanced techniques. Here, in this study, we will go over the most recent published work to highlight the critical roles of circRNAs in CRC development and drug resistance and highlight the main strategies to overcome drug resistance to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali M Hussein
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mark C Glassy
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, University of California, CA, United States
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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6
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Korsgaard U, García-Rodríguez JL, Jakobsen T, Ahmadov U, Dietrich KG, Vissing SM, Paasch TP, Lindebjerg J, Kjems J, Hager H, Kristensen LS. The Transcriptional Landscape of Coding and Noncoding RNAs in Recurrent and Nonrecurrent Colon Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1424-1442. [PMID: 38704091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A number of patients with colon cancer with local or local advanced disease suffer from recurrence and there is an urgent need for better prognostic biomarkers in this setting. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, snRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small Cajal body-specific RNAs, pseudogenes, and circular RNAs, as well as RNAs denoted as miscellaneous RNAs, was profiled by total RNA sequencing. In addition to well-known coding and noncoding RNAs, differential expression analysis also uncovered transcripts that have not been implicated previously in colon cancer, such as RNA5SP149, RNU4-2, and SNORD3A. Moreover, there was a profound global up-regulation of snRNA pseudogenes, snoRNAs, and rRNA pseudogenes in more advanced tumors. A global down-regulation of circular RNAs in tumors relative to normal tissues was observed, although only a few were expressed differentially between tumor stages. Many previously undescribed transcripts, including RNU6-620P, RNU2-20P, VTRNA1-3, and RNA5SP60, indicated strong prognostic biomarker potential in receiver operating characteristics analyses. In summary, this study unveiled numerous differentially expressed RNAs across various classes between recurrent and nonrecurrent colon cancer. Notably, there was a significant global up-regulation of snRNA pseudogenes, snoRNAs, and rRNA pseudogenes in advanced tumors. Many of these newly discovered candidates demonstrate a strong prognostic potential for stage II colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Korsgaard
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ulvi Ahmadov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Stine M Vissing
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea P Paasch
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Lindebjerg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Shakerian N, Darzi-Eslam E, Afsharnoori F, Bana N, Noorabad Ghahroodi F, Tarin M, Mard-Soltani M, Khalesi B, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:203. [PMID: 39031221 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) related processes. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in CRC and their potential as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery vehicles. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly influence CRC progression. Specific exosomal lncRNAs are linked to drug resistance and tumor growth, respectively, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Similarly, miRNAs like miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-92a-3p, carried by exosomes, contribute to chemotherapy resistance by altering signaling pathways and gene expression in CRC cells. The review also discusses exosomes' utility in CRC diagnosis. Exosomes from cancer cells have distinct molecular signatures compared to healthy cells, making them reliable biomarkers. Specific exosomal lncRNAs (e.g., CRNDE-h) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-17-92a) have shown effectiveness in early CRC detection and monitoring of treatment responses. Furthermore, exosomes show promise as vehicles for targeted drug delivery. The potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in CRC treatment is also noted, with their role varying from promoting to inhibiting tumor progression. The application of multi-omics approaches to exosome research is highlighted, emphasizing the potential for discovering novel CRC biomarkers through comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. The review also explores the emerging field of exosome-based vaccines, which utilize exosomes' natural properties to elicit strong immune responses. In conclusion, exosomes represent a promising frontier in CRC research, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Their unique properties and versatile functions underscore the need for continued investigation into their clinical applications and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shakerian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Elham Darzi-Eslam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Afsharnoori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Bana
- Kish International Campus, University of Teheran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Karaj, 3197619751, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Mafi A, Hedayati N, Milasi YE, Kahkesh S, Daviran M, Farahani N, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Alimohammadi M, Rahimzadeh P, Taheriazam A. The function and mechanism of circRNAs in 5-fluorouracil resistance in tumors: Biological mechanisms and future potential. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155457. [PMID: 39018926 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-known chemotherapy drug extensively used in the treatment of breast cancer. It works by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell death through direct incorporation into DNA and RNA via thymidylate synthase (TS). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel family of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with limited protein-coding potential, contribute to 5-FU resistance. Their identification and targeting are crucial for enhancing chemosensitivity. CircRNAs can regulate tumor formation and invasion by adhering to microRNAs (miRNAs) and interacting with RNA-binding proteins, regulating transcription and translation. MiRNAs can influence enzymes responsible for 5-FU metabolism in cancer cells, affecting their sensitivity or resistance to the drug. In the context of 5-FU resistance, circRNAs can target miRNAs and regulate biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell death, glucose metabolism, hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug efflux. This review focuses on the function of circRNAs in 5-FU resistance, discussing the underlying molecular pathways and biological mechanisms. It also presents recent circRNA/miRNA-targeted cancer therapeutic strategies for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kahkesh
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Minoo Daviran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payman Rahimzadeh
- Surgical Research Society (SRS), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Chen S, Zhuang H, Deng X, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang C, Chen X, Hong Z, Qiu C. USP6 and circCYFIP2 target oncoprotein GOLPH3 for deubiquitination and induce platinum resistance in colon cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116274. [PMID: 38735445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
GOLPH3 has been identified as an oncoprotein, playing a crucial role on progression and chemoresistancein of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). However, it is still unclear the regulation of GOLPH3 expression at protein level. We discovered ubiquitin-specific proteases 6 (USP6) directly regulated the deubiquitination of the GOLPH3 protein and enhanced its stability in COAD. Overexpression of USP6 promoted COAD cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and accelerated the growth of transplanted tumors growth in vitro and in vivo by deubiquitinating GOLPH3. Additionally, circCYFIP2 showed high expression levels in DDP-resistant colon cancer cells, promoting the cell proliferation. Mechanically, circCYFIP2 binds to both GOLPH3 protein and USP6, strengthening the interaction between GOLPH3 and USP6, and consequently induced DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, USP6 operates as a deubiquitinase, targeting the GOLPH3 protein in COAD and enhancing its stability. Meanwhile, circCYFIP2 is crucial for the deubiquitination of GOLPH3 protein mediated by USP6 and acts as a scaffold to confer platinum resistance. The discovery of circCYFIP2/USP6/GOLPH3 pathway offers a potential target for overcoming chemoresistance in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haibin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xian Deng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhongshi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Chengzhi Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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10
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Lin C, Huang X, Qian Y, Li J, He Y, Su H. CircRNA_101491 regulated the radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas via sponging miR-125a-5p. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:84. [PMID: 38926729 PMCID: PMC11210101 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, it has been found that many patients have acquired resistance to radiotherapy, which greatly reduces the effect of radiotherapy and further affects the prognosis. CircRNAs is involved in the regulation of radiosensitivity of many kinds of tumor cells. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore the regulatory effect of CircRNA_101491 on radiosensitivity of ESCC and its related mechanism. METHODS We established ESCC radiation-resistant cell line (KYSE150R cell) by gradient dose method, and tested the difference of KYSE150 between KYSE150R cell and parent cell in vitro. Then, after knocking down the expression of CircRNA_101491, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the effects of CircRNA_101491 on the phenotype and radiosensitivity of KYSE150R cells, and further analyzed the related regulatory mechanism. In addition, we also used the model of transplanted tumor in nude mice to investigate the effect of CircRNA_101491 on the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vivo. RESULTS According to a series of in vitro experiments, we confirmed that KYSE150R cells lost the epithelial phenotype and obtained interstitial cell-like phenotype, and found that CircRNA_101491 was highly expressed in KYSE150R cells. In addition, we found that knocking down the expression of CircRNA_101491 will lift the inhibition of miR-125a-5p, and then reverse the process of EMT, accelerate the process of apoptosis, thus play a role in radiosensitization. The in vivo experiment of transplanted tumor in nude mice also showed that knocking down the expression of CircRNA_101491 could enhance the radiosensitivity of ESCC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we confirmed that interfering with the expression of CircRNA_101491 can relieve the inhibition of miR-125a-5p, thus reverse the process of interstitial phenotype, accelerate the process of apoptosis, and enhance the radiosensitivity of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuchen Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Youdi He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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11
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Payervand N, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Vinu KK, Ghodsi S, Heshmati M, Babashah S. Exosomal circ_0084043 derived from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes in vitro endothelial cell angiogenesis by regulating the miR-140-3p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31584. [PMID: 38828320 PMCID: PMC11140710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) hold potential as diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, their functional mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This work investigates the clinical implications of a unique set comprising six circRNAs derived from serum in CRC. Furthermore, we delve into the role of exosomal circ_0084043, originating from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with a specific focus on its contribution to endothelial cell angiogenesis. Methods The study analyzed circRNA levels in serum samples obtained from both CRC and control groups using qRT-PCR. Additionally, exosomes originating from colorectal CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were purified and confirmed by electron microscopy and Western blotting techniques. The proangiogenic effects of CAF-derived exosomal circ_0084043 were assessed in endothelial cells through proliferation, migration, and in vitro capillary tube formation assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were employed to clarify the role of the circ_0084043/miR-140-3p/HIF-1α axis in endothelial cell angiogenesis, utilizing luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, and ELISA for mechanism elucidation. Results The candidate circRNAs (circ_0060745, circ_001569, circ_007142, circ_0084043, Circ_BANP, and CiRS-7) exhibited notably elevated expression in CRC patient sera compared to the levels observed in healthy individuals. Except for CiRS-7, all circRNAs showed elevated expression in CRC patients with positive lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stages. Exosomes released by colorectal CAFs augmented endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF expression and secretion. Circ_0084043 was highly detected in endothelial cells treated with CAF-derived exosomes. Silencing circ_0084043 reduced VEGFA expression and diminished CAF exosome-induced endothelial cell processes, indicating its pivotal role in angiogenesis. Circ_0084043 sponges miR-140-3p, regulating HIF-1α, and a reverse relationship was also identified between miR-140-3p and VEGFA in endothelial cells. Inhibiting miR-140-3p mitigated circ_0084043 knockdown effects in CAF exosome-treated endothelial cells. Co-transfection of si-circ_0084043 and a miR-140-3p inhibitor reversed the inhibited migration and angiogenesis caused by circ_0084043 knockdown in CAF exosome-treated endothelial cells. Inhibiting miR-140-3p rescued reduced VEGFA expression due to circ_0084043 knockdown in endothelial cells exposed to CAF-derived exosomes, indicating modulation of the circ_0084043/miR-140-3p/VEGF signaling in CAF-derived exosome-induced angiogenesis. Conclusions This study unveiled a distinctive signature of six serum-derived circular RNAs, indicating their potential as promising diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Importantly, exosomal circ_0084043 originating from colorectal CAFs was identified as playing a crucial role in endothelial cell angiogenesis, exerting its influence through the modulation of the miR-140-3p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Payervand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kailash Kumar Vinu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Ghodsi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heshmati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Hou C, Liu J, Liu J, Yao D, Liang F, Qin C, Ma Z. METTL3-induced circ_0008345 contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer via the microRNA-182-5p/CYP1A2 pathway. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:728. [PMID: 38877514 PMCID: PMC11177402 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNAs) have been found to play major roles in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the functions of circ_0008345 (transcribed by PTK2) in regulating CRC development remain undefined. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of circ_0008345 in CRC. METHODS RNase R-treated total cellular RNA was used to verify the circular structure of circ_0008345, and a subcellular fractionation assay was performed to detect the subcellular localization of circ_0008345. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase assays were used to verify the binding relation between microRNA (miR)-182-5p and circ_0008345 and/or CYP1A2. Colony formation assay, EdU, and Transwell assays were performed to detect the biological behavior of CRC cells in vitro, and CRC cells were injected into mice to observe the tumor formation. m6A immunoprecipitation was used to detect the m6A modification of circ_0008345 in CRC cells. RESULTS Circ_0008345, upregulated in CRC tissues and cells, was mainly present in the cytoplasm. Circ_0008345 bound to miR-182-5p, and miR-182-5p targeted CYP1A2, an oncogene in CRC. The colony formation, mobility, EdU-positive cell rate in vitro, and tumor growth in mice were inhibited after the knockdown of circ_0008345. However, the suppressing effects of sh-circ_0008345 on CRC and CYP1A2 expression were significantly reversed after further knockdown of miR-182-5p. METTL3 was the m6A modifier mediating circ_0008345 expression, and the suppression of METTL3 reduced the expression of circ_0008345. CONCLUSIONS METTL3-dependent m6A methylation upregulated circ_0008345, which blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-182-5p on CYP1A2, thereby exacerbating the malignant phenotype of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Hou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195, Tongbai North Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195, Tongbai North Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Danjie Yao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195, Tongbai North Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Congpeng Qin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195, Tongbai North Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195, Tongbai North Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China.
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13
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Lei P, Guo Q, Hao J, Liu H, Chen Y, Wu F, He Z, Zhang X, Zhang N, Wen S, Gao W, Wu Y. Exploring the evolving roles and clinical significance of circRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:3984-3994. [PMID: 38911371 PMCID: PMC11190751 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the predominant malignancies in the head and neck region, and has limited therapeutic alternatives. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a substantial category of non-coding RNA molecules, exert influential roles in human disease development and progression, employing various mechanisms such as microRNA sponging, interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and translational capabilities. Accumulating evidence highlights the differential expression of numerous circRNAs in HNSCC, and numerous dysregulated circRNAs underscore their crucial involvement in malignant advancement and resistance to treatment. This review aims to comprehensively outline the characteristics, biogenesis, and mechanisms of circRNAs, elucidating their functional significance in HNSCC. In addition, we delve into the clinical implications of circRNAs, considering their potential as biomarkers or targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic applications in HNSCC. The discussion extends to exploring future challenges in the clinical translation of circRNAs, emphasizing the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Lei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingbo Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiewen Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology & Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology & Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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14
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Du X, Chen Z, Shui W. Research progress of circRNA as a biomarker of osteoporosis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1378026. [PMID: 38798702 PMCID: PMC11119285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1378026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, as a chronic metabolic bone disease, has the characteristic of insidious disease progression, which often leads to relatively delayed disease diagnosis. Therefore, early screening for osteoporosis has become a major public health challenge. The latest research indicates that circRNA is widely involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Based on its high degree of sequence conservation and stability, circRNA has the potential to become a new clinical biomarker. The study of biomarkers is generally based on body fluid samples or adjacent tissue samples, with blood being the most commonly used, which can be divided into sources such as serum, plasma, peripheral blood monocytes, and plasma exosomes. Therefore, this article aims to review the research status of circRNA as a biomarker of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Shui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Liu S, Wu X, Wang Y, Chen Y. Exosomal circ_0000735 contributes to non-small lung cancer malignant progression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23700. [PMID: 38528705 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNA is an important regulator for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circ_0000735 has been found to be significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues. Therefore, its role and mechanism in NSCLC progression need to be further explored. The expression levels of circ_0000735, miR-345-5p and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 19 (ADAM19) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. EdU staining, wound healing and transwell assays were utilized to detect cell proliferation and metastasis. The protein levels of metastasis markers, exosome markers and ADAM19 were determined using western blot. Animal experiments were performed to confirm the role of circ_0000735 in NSCLC tumorigenesis. The exosomes from cells and serum were identified using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. We found that circ_0000735 was upregulated in NSCLC, and its knockdown repressed NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. In terms of mechanism, circ_0000735 targeted miR-345-5p to regulate ADAM19. MiR-345-5p inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of circ_0000735 knockdown on NSCLC progression, and ADAM19 overexpression abolished the inhibition effect of miR-345-5p on NSCLC progression. Also, animal experiments showed that silencing of circ_0000735 reduced NSCLC tumorigenesis. In addition, exosomes mediated the intercellular transmission of circ_0000735, and serum exosomal circ_0000735 might be an important indicator for the diagnosis of NSCLC. In conclusion, circ_0000735 facilitated NSCLC progression via miR-345-5p/ADAM19 pathway, and serum exosomal circ_0000735 might be a potential biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Abdullaev B, Alsaab HO, Hjazi A, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Hamzah HF. The mechanisms behind the dual role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis suppressor-1 in human tumors: Shedding light on the molecular mechanisms. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155189. [PMID: 38452581 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
When the expression levels of metastasis suppressor-1 (MTSS1) were discovered to be downregulated in a metastatic cancer cell line in 2002, it was proposed that MTSS1 functioned as a suppressor of metastasis. The 755 amino acid long protein MTSS1 connects to actin and organizes the cytoskeleton. Its gene is located on human chromosome 8q24. The suppressor of metastasis in metastatic cancer was first found to be MTSS1. Subsequent reports revealed that MTSS1 is linked to the prevention of metastasis in a variety of cancer types, including hematopoietic cancers like diffuse large B cell lymphoma and esophageal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. Remarkably, conflicting results have also been documented. For instance, it has been reported that MTSS1 expression levels are elevated in a subset of melanomas, hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma. This article provides an overview of the pathological effects of lncRNA MTSS1 dysregulation in cancer. In order to facilitate the development of MTSS1-based therapeutic targeting, we also shed light on the current understanding of MTS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Republic ofUzbekistan
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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17
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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Ali H, Shahwan M, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Circular RNAs in the KRAS pathway: Emerging players in cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155259. [PMID: 38503004 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as key components in the intricate regulatory network of the KRAS pathway across various cancers. The KRAS pathway, a central signalling cascade crucial in tumorigenesis, has gained substantial emphasis as a possible therapeutic target. CircRNAs, a subgroup of non-coding RNAs known for their closed circular arrangement, play diverse roles in gene regulation, contributing to the intricate landscape of cancer biology. This review consolidates existing knowledge on circRNAs within the framework of the KRAS pathway, emphasizing their multifaceted functions in cancer progression. Notable circRNAs, such as Circ_GLG1 and circITGA7, have been identified as pivotal regulators in colorectal cancer (CRC), influencing KRAS expression and the Ras signaling pathway. Aside from their significance in gene regulation, circRNAs contribute to immune evasion, apoptosis, and drug tolerance within KRAS-driven cancers, adding complexity to the intricate interplay. While our comprehension of circRNAs in the KRAS pathway is evolving, challenges such as the diverse landscape of KRAS mutant tumors and the necessity for synergistic combination therapies persist. Integrating cutting-edge technologies, including deep learning-based prediction methods, holds the potential for unveiling disease-associated circRNAs and identifying novel therapeutic targets. Sustained research efforts are crucial to comprehensively unravel the molecular mechanisms governing the intricate interplay between circRNAs and the KRAS pathway, offering insights that could potentially revolutionize cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India.
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18
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Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Hussen BM, Younis YM, Rasul MF, Taheri M. Role of circular RNAs and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:236-252. [PMID: 38192436 PMCID: PMC10771991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a huge worldwide health concern, which includes a wide variety of digestive tract cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), are a family of single-stranded, covalently closed RNAs that have become recognized as crucial gene expression regulators, having an impact on several cellular functions in cancer biology. The gut microbiome, which consists of several different bacteria, actively contributes to the regulation of host immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. CircRNAs and the gut microbiome interact significantly to greatly affect the growth of GI cancer. Several studies focus on the complex functions of circRNAs and the gut microbiota in GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It also emphasizes how changed circRNA expression profiles and gut microbiota affect pathways connected to malignancy as well as how circRNAs affect hallmarks of gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, circRNAs and gut microbiota have been recommended as biological markers for therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Targeting circRNAs and the gut microbiota for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers is also being continued to study. Despite significant initiatives, the connection between circRNAs and the gut microbiota and the emergence of gastrointestinal cancers remains poorly understood. In this study, we will go over the most recent studies to emphasize the key roles of circRNAs and gut microbiota in gastrointestinal cancer progression and therapeutic options. In order to create effective therapies and plan for the future gastrointestinal therapy, it is important to comprehend the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Liu L, Wei Y, Tan Z, Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhao Q. Predicting circRNA-RBP Binding Sites Using a Hybrid Deep Neural Network. Interdiscip Sci 2024:10.1007/s12539-024-00616-z. [PMID: 38381315 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-024-00616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs generated by reverse splicing. They are involved in biological process and human diseases by interacting with specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Due to traditional biological experiments being costly, computational methods have been proposed to predict the circRNA-RBP interaction. However, these methods have problems of single feature extraction. Therefore, we propose a novel model called circ-FHN, which utilizes only circRNA sequences to predict circRNA-RBP interactions. The circ-FHN approach involves feature coding and a hybrid deep learning model. Feature coding takes into account the physicochemical properties of circRNA sequences and employs four coding methods to extract sequence features. The hybrid deep structure comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). The CNN learns high-level abstract features, while the BiGRU captures long-term dependencies in the sequence. To assess the effectiveness of circ-FHN, we compared it to other computational methods on 16 datasets and conducted ablation experiments. Additionally, we conducted motif analysis. The results demonstrate that circ-FHN exhibits exceptional performance and surpasses other methods. circ-FHN is freely available at https://github.com/zhaoqi106/circ-FHN .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Liu
- College of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Application of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Yixin Wei
- College of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Zhebin Tan
- College of Software, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China.
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20
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Saleem A, Khan MU, Zahid T, Khurram I, Ghani MU, Ullah I, Munir R, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Biological role and regulation of circular RNA as an emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:296. [PMID: 38340202 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique family of endogenous RNAs devoid of 3' poly-A tails and 5' end caps. These single-stranded circRNAs, found in the cytoplasm, are synthesized via back-splicing mechanisms, merging introns, exons, or both, resulting in covalently closed circular loops. They are profusely expressed across the eukaryotic transcriptome and offer heightened stability against exonuclease RNase R compared to linear RNA counterparts. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of circRNAs' characteristics, biogenesis, and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, aimed to shed light on the potential of circRNAs as significant biomarkers in various cancer types. It has been performed an exhaustive literature review, drawing on recent studies and findings related to circRNA characteristics, synthesis, function, evaluation techniques, and their associations with oncogenesis. CircRNAs are intricately associated with tumor progression and development. Their multifaceted roles encompass gene regulation through the sponging of proteins and microRNAs, controlling transcription and splicing, interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and facilitating gene translation. Due to these varied roles, circRNAs have become a focal point in tumor pathology investigations, given their promising potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents. CircRNAs, due to their unique biogenesis and multifunctionality, hold immense promise in the realm of oncology. Their stability, widespread expression, and intricate involvement in gene regulation underscore their prospective utility as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. As our understanding of circRNAs deepens, advanced techniques for their detection, evaluation, and manipulation will likely emerge. These advancements might catalyze the translation of circRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics into clinical practice, potentially revolutionizing cancer care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Saleem
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tazeen Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Khurram
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rakhtasha Munir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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21
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Chen X, Chen LJ, Peng XF, Deng L, Wang Y, Li JJ, Guo DL, Niu XH. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for colorectal cancer: Clinical implications and future considerations. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101851. [PMID: 38042137 PMCID: PMC10701436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a crucial role in modulating immune response to cancer, and PD-L1 expression has been observed in tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of CRC. Thus, immunotherapy drugs, specifically checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed to target the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and restoring T-cell function in cancer cells. However, the emergence of resistance mechanisms can reduce the efficacy of these treatments. To counter this, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used to improve the efficacy of CRC treatments. mAbs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are currently approved for CRC treatment. These antibodies impede immune checkpoint receptors, including PD-1/PD-L1, and their combination therapy shows promise in the treatment of advanced CRC. This review presents a concise overview of the use of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a therapeutic strategy for CRC using monoclonal antibodies and combination therapies. Additionally, this article outlines the function of PD-1/PD-L1 as an immune response suppressor in the CRC microenvironment as well as the potential advantages of administering inflammatory agents for CRC treatment. Finally, this review analyzes the outcomes of clinical trials to examine the challenges of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Ling-Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Jiu-Jiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Dong-Li Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China.
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22
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Martinsen E, Jinnurine T, Subramani S, Rogne M. Advances in RNA therapeutics for modulation of 'undruggable' targets. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:249-294. [PMID: 38458740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, drug discovery utilizing small pharmacological compounds, fragment-based therapeutics, and antibody therapy have significantly advanced treatment options for many human diseases. However, a major bottleneck has been that>70% of human proteins/genomic regions are 'undruggable' by the above-mentioned approaches. Many of these proteins constitute essential drug targets against complex multifactorial diseases like cancer, immunological disorders, and neurological diseases. Therefore, alternative approaches are required to target these proteins or genomic regions in human cells. RNA therapeutics is a promising approach for many of the traditionally 'undruggable' targets by utilizing methods such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing, aptamers, and the development of mRNA therapeutics. In the following chapter, we will put emphasis on recent advancements utilizing these approaches against challenging drug targets, such as intranuclear proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, untranslated genomic regions, and targets expressed in inaccessible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saranya Subramani
- Pioneer Research AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Rogne
- Pioneer Research AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Subaiea GM, Syed RU, Afsar S, Alhaidan TMS, Alzammay SA, Alrashidi AA, Alrowaili SF, Alshelaly DA, Alenezi AMSRA. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and multidrug resistance in glioblastoma: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155022. [PMID: 38086292 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as pivotal regulators of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene modulation, exerting a profound influence on a diverse array of biological and pathological cascades, including the intricate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the acquisition of drug resistance in neoplastic cells. Glioblastoma (GBM), recognized as the foremost and most aggressive neoplasm originating in the brain, is distinguished by its formidable resistance to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Recent years have witnessed an escalating interest in comprehending the involvement of ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs, in GBM chemoresistance. LncRNAs, a subclass of ncRNAs, have been demonstrated as dynamic modulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Disruption in the regulation of lncRNAs has been observed across various human malignancies, including GBM, and has been linked with developing multidrug resistance (MDR) against standard chemotherapeutic agents. The potential of targeting specific ncRNAs or their downstream effectors to surmount chemoresistance is also critically evaluated, specifically focusing on ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations exploring ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Nonetheless, targeting lncRNAs for therapeutic objectives presents hurdles, including overcoming the blood-brain barrier and the brief lifespan of oligonucleotide RNA molecules. Understanding the complex relationship between ncRNAs and the chemoresistance characteristic in glioblastoma provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms. It opens the path for the progression of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches to counter the therapeutic challenges posed by this aggressive brain tumor. This comprehensive review highlights the complex functions of diverse ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, in mediating glioblastoma's chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Mohammed Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India.
| | | | - Seham Ahmed Alzammay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Hoque P, Romero B, Akins RE, Batish M. Exploring the Multifaceted Biologically Relevant Roles of circRNAs: From Regulation, Translation to Biomarkers. Cells 2023; 12:2813. [PMID: 38132133 PMCID: PMC10741722 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a category of regulatory RNAs that have garnered significant attention in the field of regulatory RNA research due to their structural stability and tissue-specific expression. Their circular configuration, formed via back-splicing, results in a covalently closed structure that exhibits greater resistance to exonucleases compared to linear RNAs. The distinctive regulation of circRNAs is closely associated with several physiological processes, as well as the advancement of pathophysiological processes in several human diseases. Despite a good understanding of the biogenesis of circular RNA, details of their biological roles are still being explored. With the steady rise in the number of investigations being carried out regarding the involvement of circRNAs in various regulatory pathways, understanding the biological and clinical relevance of circRNA-mediated regulation has become challenging. Given the vast landscape of circRNA research in the development of the heart and vasculature, we evaluated cardiovascular system research as a model to critically review the state-of-the-art understanding of the biologically relevant functions of circRNAs. We conclude the review with a discussion of the limitations of current functional studies and provide potential solutions by which these limitations can be addressed to identify and validate the meaningful and impactful functions of circRNAs in different physiological processes and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Hoque
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Brigette Romero
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours Children’s Research, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
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25
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Dhahri H, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Exploring the interplay between PARP1 and circRNA biogenesis and function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1823. [PMID: 37957925 PMCID: PMC11089078 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1) is a multidomain protein with a flexible and self-folding structure that allows it to interact with a wide range of biomolecules, including nucleic acids and target proteins. PARP1 interacts with its target molecules either covalently via PARylation or non-covalently through its PAR moieties induced by auto-PARylation. These diverse interactions allow PARP1 to participate in complex regulatory circuits and cellular functions. Although the most studied PARP1-mediated functions are associated with DNA repair and cellular stress response, subsequent discoveries have revealed additional biological functions. Based on these findings, PARP1 is now recognized as a major modulator of gene expression. Several discoveries show that this multifunctional protein has been intimately connected to several steps of mRNA biogenesis, from transcription initiation to mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, export, and translation of mRNA to proteins. Nevertheless, our understanding of PARP1's involvement in the biogenesis of both coding and noncoding RNA, notably circular RNA (circRNA), remains restricted. In this review, we outline the possible roles of PARP1 in circRNA biogenesis. A full examination of the regulatory roles of PARP1 in nuclear processes with an emphasis on circRNA may reveal new avenues to control dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejer Dhahri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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26
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Ghafouri I, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Montazeri M, Rouhollah F, Babashah S. Colorectal cancer-secreted exosomal circ_001422 plays a role in regulating KDR expression and activating mTOR signaling in endothelial cells by targeting miR-195-5p. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12227-12240. [PMID: 37432457 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As non-coding RNAs, exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, although the functional mechanisms by which such molecules affect the tumor microenvironment are still elusive. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential clinical significance of a signature of five serum-derived circRNAs in CRC and investigated the mechanisms underlying endothelial cell angiogenesis mediated by CRC-secreted exosomal circ_001422. METHODS The expression of a signature of five serum-derived circRNAs (circ_0004771, circ_0101802, circ_0082333, circ_0072309, and circ_001422) were measured by RT-qPCR, and their associations with tumor staging and lymph node metastasis were further evaluated in CRC patients. In silico analysis was used to show the relationship between circ_001422, miR-195-5p, and KDR, validated by dual-luciferase reporter and Western blotting assays. CRC cell-derived exosomes were isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Western blotting. Endothelial cell uptake of PKH26-labeled exosomes was demonstrated using a spectral confocal microscope. In vitro genetic strategies were used to exogenously alter the expression level of circ_001422 and miR-195-5p expression. Cell proliferation assay, transwell migration assay, and capillary tube formation assay were conducted to explore the role of CRC-secreted exosomal circ_001422 in endothelial cell function in vitro. RESULTS The expression levels of serum-derived circ_0004771, circ_0101802, circ_0082333, and circ_001422 were significantly higher in CRC and were positively correlated with the lymph node metastasis status. However, circ_0072309 showed a significant down-regulation in CRC than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, a higher expression level of circ_001422 in both cellular and exosomal fractions was found in HCT-116 CRC cells. We found that HCT-116 exosomes considerably enhanced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through shuttling of circ_001422. We also observed that exosomes derived from HCT-116 cell, but not non-aggressive Caco-2 CRC cells, increased in vitro tubulogenesis of endothelial cells. Importantly, knockdown of circ_001422 impaired the capability of endothelial cells to form the capillary-like tube structures. CRC-secreted circ_001422 acted as an endogenous miR-195-5p sponge to inhibit miR-195-5p activity, which led to increased KDR expression and mTOR signaling activation in endothelial cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of miR-195-5p mimicked the effect of circ_001422 silencing on KDR/mTOR signaling in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION This study attributed a biomarker role for circ_001422 in CRC diagnosis and proposed a novel mechanism whereby circ_001422 up-regulates KDR through sponging miR-195-5p. These interactions may give rise to the activation of mTOR signaling and may be a possible clarification for the pro-angiogenesis effects of CRC-secreted exosomal circ_001422 on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Ghafouri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran
| | - Maryam Montazeri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran.
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