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Shao ZB, He K, Su YB, Shi Z. Crosslink among cyclin-dependent kinase 9, ATP binding cassette transporter G2 and Beclin 1 in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4778-4781. [PMID: 39678806 PMCID: PMC11577369 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the number of cancers mainly because of the inability to diagnose it at an early stage. The pathogenesis of CRC is complicated, which is the result of the complex interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Currently, one of the main treatments for CRC is chemotherapy. But the primary cause of CRC treatment failure is drug resistance. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) was correlated with elevated autophagy levels in colon cancer, and high expression of CDK9 indicates a poor prognosis in CRC. The incidence of autophagy and the expressions of Beclin 1 and ATP binding cassette transporter G2 are different in left and right colon cancer, and autophagy may be involved in the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance. In this article, the roles of CDK9, ATP binding cassette transporter G2 and Beclin 1 in CRC were elucidated, emphasizing the linkages among them and providing potential therapeutic targets of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Shao
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke He
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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Yang X, Li M, Jia ZC, Liu Y, Wu SF, Chen MX, Hao GF, Yang Q. Unraveling the secrets: Evolution of resistance mediated by membrane proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 77:101140. [PMID: 39244906 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Membrane protein-mediated resistance is a multidisciplinary challenge that spans fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. Understanding its complexity and devising innovative strategies are crucial for treating diseases like cancer and managing resistant pests in agriculture. This paper explores the dual nature of resistance mechanisms across different organisms: On one hand, animals, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects exhibit convergent evolution, leading to the development of similar resistance mechanisms. On the other hand, influenced by diverse environmental pressures and structural differences among organisms, they also demonstrate divergent resistance characteristics. Membrane protein-mediated resistance mechanisms are prevalent across animals, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects, reflecting their shared survival strategies evolved through convergent evolution to address similar survival challenges. However, variations in ecological environments and biological characteristics result in differing responses to resistance. Therefore, examining these differences not only enhances our understanding of adaptive resistance mechanisms but also provides crucial theoretical support and insights for addressing drug resistance and advancing pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zi-Chang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Shao M, Gao Y, Xu X, Shi J, Wang Z, Du J. Expediting the development of robust 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer models using innovative combined in vivo and in vitro strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117576. [PMID: 39442235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone in colorectal cancer therapy, but resistance has compromised its efficacy, necessitating detailed research into resistance mechanisms. Traditional methods for developing 5-FU-resistant cell lines are lengthy, unstable, and often unrepresentative of clinical scenarios. METHODS We devised a rapid approach to create 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells using an integrated in vivo/in vitro methodology. HCT116 cells were pretreated with 5-FU, then implanted into nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored, and cells from the tumors were cultured to establish the HCT116-Tumor cell line. Cells from 5-FU-exposed tumors received increasing 5-FU doses to induce resistance, creating the tumor-derived resistant (TR) cell line. Cells cultured without 5-FU were termed tumor-derived parental (TP) cells. An in vitro 5-FU resistance model, CR, served as a benchmark. Resistance metrics were evaluated using CCK-8 assays, Western Blotting, flow cytometry, and in vivo studies. Proteomics identified resistance-related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). RESULTS Low-dose 5-FU pretreatment accelerated tumor growth. Combining in vivo and in vitro methods, we developed 5-FU-resistant TR cells within two and a half months, faster than the ten-month conventional protocol. TR cells showed stronger and more durable 5-FU resistance than CR cells, with inhibited apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, and activation of MDR1. Proteomic analysis indicated more DEPs in TR cells, suggesting unique resistance mechanisms. Animal studies confirmed enhanced drug resistance in TR cells. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated approach rapidly develops colorectal cancer cells with robust 5-FU resistance, offering a potent model for exploring multiple resistance pathways and counter-resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yunran Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiling Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiyuan Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zunyun Wang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China; School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.
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Fan Q, Fu ZW, Xu M, Lv F, Shi JS, Zeng QQ, Xiong DH. Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4064-4079. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Fu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jia-Song Shi
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Hai Xiong
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
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5
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Chen Y, Shen H, Wang Z, Huang C, Zhang H, Shao Y, Tong Y, Xu L, Lu Y, Fu Z. Recruitment of USP10 by GCS1 to deubiquitinate GRP78 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer via alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:261. [PMID: 39267084 PMCID: PMC11396530 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise pathways controlling the decision between survival and apoptosis in CRC are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of glucosidase I (GCS1) in regulating ER stress in CRC. METHODS A public database was used to confirm the expression level of GCS1 in CRC and normal tissues. Clinical samples from our center were used to confirm the mRNA and protein expression levels of GCS1. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assays revealed the biological role of GCS1. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression of key proteins in subcutaneous implanted tumors in nude mice, which provided further evidence for the biological function of GCS1 in promoting cancer in vivo. The results of coimmunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis the interaction between GCS1 and GRP78. In addition, the mechanism of action of USP10, GRP78, and GCS1 at the post- translational level was investigated. Finally, a tissue microarray was used to examine the connection between GCS1 and GRP78 expression and intracellular localization of these proteins using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The experimental results revealed that GCS1 was substantially expressed in CRC, with higher expression indicating a worse prognosis. Thus, GCS1 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis while inhibiting the apoptosis of CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, GCS1 binds to GRP78, recruits USP10 for deubiquitination of GRP78 to promote its degradation, and decreases ER stress-mediated apoptosis, increasing CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, GCS1 stimulates CRC growth and migration and reduces ER stress-mediated apoptosis via USP10-mediated deubiquitination of GRP78. Our findings identify a possible therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changzhi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Buruiană A, Gheban BA, Gheban-Roșca IA, Georgiu C, Crișan D, Crișan M. The Tumor Stroma of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Complex Environment That Fuels Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1727. [PMID: 38730679 PMCID: PMC11083853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex assembly of cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, plays a crucial role in driving tumor progression, shaping treatment responses, and influencing metastasis. This narrative review focuses on the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor stroma, highlighting its key constituents and their dynamic contributions. We examine how significant changes within the cSCC ECM-specifically, alterations in fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, laminins, proteoglycans, and collagens-promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The cellular composition of the cSCC TME is also explored, detailing the intricate interplay of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and various immune cell populations. These diverse players modulate tumor development, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Finally, we emphasize the TME's potential as a therapeutic target. Emerging strategies discussed in this review include harnessing the immune system (adoptive cell transfer, checkpoint blockade), hindering tumor angiogenesis, disrupting CAF activity, and manipulating ECM components. These approaches underscore the vital role that deciphering TME interactions plays in advancing cSCC therapy. Further research illuminating these complex relationships will uncover new avenues for developing more effective treatments for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buruiană
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Alexandru Gheban
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Gheban-Roșca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400129 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Doința Crișan
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Fan Z, Cui Y, Chen L, Liu P, Duan W. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil resistance of colorectal cancer by modulating M2 macrophage polarization via STAT6 signaling. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:83. [PMID: 38554148 PMCID: PMC10981607 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is closely associated with the inflammatory processes involved in the development and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). M2 macrophages, the predominant subtype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in a wide variety of malignancies, have been demonstrated to promote the resistance of CRC to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In our study, we investigated the potential of 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid (23-HBA), a significant active component of Pulsatilla chinensis (P. chinensis), to inhibit the polarization of M2 macrophages induced by IL-4. Our results showed that 23-HBA reduced the expression of M2 specific marker CD206, while downregulating the mRNA levels of M2 related genes (CD206, Arg1, IL-10, and CCL2). Additionally, 23-HBA effectively attenuated the inhibitory effects of the conditioned medium from M2 macrophages on apoptosis in colorectal cancer SW480 cells. Mechanistically, 23-HBA prevented the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the STAT6 protein, resulting in the inhibition of IL-10 release in M2 macrophages. Moreover, it interfered with the activation of the IL-10/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in SW480 cells, ultimately reducing M2 macrophage-induced resistance to 5-FU. Importantly, depleting STAT6 expression in macrophages abolished the suppressive effect of 23-HBA on M2 macrophage polarization, while also eliminating its ability to decrease M2 macrophage-induced 5-FU resistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, 23-HBA significantly diminished the proportion of M2 macrophages in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer mice, simultaneously enhancing the anti-cancer efficacy of 5-FU. The findings presented in this study highlight the capacity of 23-HBA to inhibit M2 macrophage polarization, a process that contributes to reduced 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lanying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenbin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-Tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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8
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He J, Zhou Y, Sun L. Emerging mechanisms of the unfolded protein response in therapeutic resistance: from chemotherapy to Immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38297380 PMCID: PMC10832166 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). As an adaptive cellular response to hostile microenvironments, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs, the UPR is activated in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumour promoter in cancer development; this role of the UPR indicates that regulation of the UPR can be utilized as a target for tumour treatment. T-cell exhaustion mainly refers to effector T cells losing their effector functions and expressing inhibitory receptors, leading to tumour immune evasion and the loss of tumour control. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR plays a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion, immune evasion, and resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of UPR activation, the effect of the UPR on immune evasion, the emerging mechanisms of the UPR in chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance, and agents that target the UPR for tumour therapeutics. An understanding of the role of the UPR in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance will be helpful to identify new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
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9
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Wu MY, Han QJ, Ai Z, Liang YY, Yan HW, Xie Q, Xiang ZM. Assessment of chemotherapy resistance changes in human colorectal cancer xenografts in rats based on MRI histogram features. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1301649. [PMID: 38357206 PMCID: PMC10864667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1301649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) histogram features, a non-invasive method, in assessing the changes in chemoresistance of colorectal cancer xenografts in rats. Methods A total of 50 tumor-bearing mice with colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups: control group and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group. The MRI histogram characteristics and the expression levels of p53 protein and MRP1 were obtained at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h after treatment. Results Sixty highly repeatable MRI histogram features were obtained. There were 16 MRI histogram parameters and MRP1 resistance protein differences between groups. At 24 h after treatment, the MRI histogram texture parameters of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) images (10%, 90%, median, energy, and RootMeanSquared) and D images (10% and Range) were positively correlated with MRP1 (r = 0.925, p = 0.005). At 48 h after treatment, histogram texture parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images (Energy) were positively correlated with the presence of MRP1 resistance protein (r = 0.900, p = 0.037). There was no statistically significant difference between MRI histogram features and p53 protein expression level. Conclusions MRI histogram texture parameters based on T2WI, D, and ADC maps can help to predict the change of 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer in the early stage and provide important reference significance for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Jia Han
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Ai
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Wen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital/Department of Medical Imaging, Nansha Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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McWhorter R, Bonavida B. The Role of TAMs in the Regulation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:97-125. [PMID: 38989740 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024053667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant cell infiltrate in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs are central to fostering pro-inflammatory conditions, tumor growth, metastasis, and inhibiting therapy responses. Many cancer patients are innately refractory to chemotherapy and or develop resistance following initial treatments. There is a clinical correlation between the level of TAMs in the TME and chemoresistance. Hence, the pivotal role of TAMs in contributing to chemoresistance has garnered significant attention toward targeting TAMs to reverse this resistance. A prerequisite for such an approach requires a thorough understanding of the various underlying mechanisms by which TAMs inhibit response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Such mechanisms include enhancing drug efflux, regulating drug metabolism and detoxification, supporting cancer stem cell (CSCs) resistance, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inhibiting drug penetration and its metabolism, stimulating angiogenesis, impacting inhibitory STAT3/NF-κB survival pathways, and releasing specific inhibitory cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10. Accordingly, several strategies have been developed to overcome TAM-modulated chemoresistance. These include novel therapies that aim to deplete TAMs, repolarize them toward the anti-tumor M1-like phenotype, or block recruitment of monocytes into the TME. Current results from TAM-targeted treatments have been unimpressive; however, the use of TAM-targeted therapies in combination appears promising These include targeting TAMs with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemokine receptor inhibitors, immunotherapy, and loaded nanoparticles. The clinical limitations of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747, USA
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Wu J, Dong W, Pan Y, Wang J, Wu M, Yu Y. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and metastasis in colorectal cancer: implication of neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296783. [PMID: 37936694 PMCID: PMC10626548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary colorectal cancer (CRC) often leads to liver metastasis, possibly due to the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) in liver. Thus, unravelling the key modulator in metastasis is important for the development of clinical therapies. Gut microbiota dysregulation is a key event during CRC progression and metastasis. Numerous studies have elucidated the correlation between specific gut bacteria strains (e.g., pks + E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis) and CRC initiation, and gut bacteria translocation is commonly witnessed during CRC progression. Gut microbiota shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) through direct contact with immune cells or through its functional metabolites. However, how gut microbiota facilitates CRC metastasis remains controversial. Meanwhile, recent studies identify the dissemination of bacteria from gut lumen to liver, suggesting the role of gut microbiota in shaping tumor PMN. A pro-tumoral PMN is characterized by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. Notably, neutrophils form web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) both in primary TME and metastatic sites, NETs are involved in cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbiota in CRC progression and metastasis, highlight the multiple functions of different immune cell types in TME, especially neutrophils and NETs, discuss the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota in shaping PMN formation, and provide therapeutical indications in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayun Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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