1
|
Lefler DS, Manobianco SA, Bashir B. Immunotherapy resistance in solid tumors: mechanisms and potential solutions. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2315655. [PMID: 38389121 PMCID: PMC10896138 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2315655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While the emergence of immunotherapies has fundamentally altered the management of solid tumors, cancers exploit many complex biological mechanisms that result in resistance to these agents. These encompass a broad range of cellular activities - from modification of traditional paradigms of immunity via antigen presentation and immunoregulation to metabolic modifications and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment. Intervening on these intricate processes may provide clinical benefit in patients with solid tumors by overcoming resistance to immunotherapies, which is why it has become an area of tremendous research interest with practice-changing implications. This review details the major ways cancers avoid both natural immunity and immunotherapies through primary (innate) and secondary (acquired) mechanisms of resistance, and it considers available and emerging therapeutic approaches to overcoming immunotherapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Lefler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven A. Manobianco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babar Bashir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu T, Cheng H, Sima L, Wang Z, Ouyang W, Wang J, Hou Y, Zhao D, Liao W, Hu C. Identification of novel PD-1/PD-L1 small molecule inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and in vitro characterisation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2353711. [PMID: 38887057 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2353711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is considered as one of the most promising immune checkpoints in tumour immunotherapy. However, researchers are faced with the inherent limitations of antibodies, driving them to pursue PD-L1 small molecule inhibitors. Virtual screening followed by experimental validation is a proven approach to discover active compounds. In this study, we employed multistage virtual screening methods to screen multiple compound databases to predict new PD-1/PD-L1 ligands. 35 compounds were proposed by combined analysis of fitness scores, interaction pattern and MM-GBSA binding affinities. Enzymatic assay confirmed that 10 out of 35 ligands were potential PD-L1 inhibitors, with inhibitory rate higher than 50% at the concentration of 30 µM. Among them, ZDS20 was identified as the most effective inhibitor with low micromolar activity (IC50 = 3.27 μM). Altogether, ZDS20 carrying novel scaffold was identified and could serve as a lead for the development of new classes of PD-L1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital BiJie Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Hu Cheng
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lijie Sima
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianta Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weike Liao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mekala JR, Nalluri HP, Reddy PN, S B S, N S SK, G V S D SK, Dhiman R, Chamarthy S, Komaragiri RR, Manyam RR, Dirisala VR. Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene 2024; 925:148607. [PMID: 38797505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of malignancies and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially. They have become a significant part of many pharmaceutical product lines, and more than 250 therapeutic mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some of the benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies, which are affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering have helped to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. In the future, mAbs generated by applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) are expected to become a powerful tool in clinical therapeutics. This article describes the methods of mAb production, pre-clinical and clinical development of mAbs, approved indications targeted by mAbs, and novel developments in the field of mAb research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
| | - Hari P Nalluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government College, Visakhapatnam 530013, India
| | - Sainath S B
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524320, AP, India
| | - Sampath Kumar N S
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Sai Kiran G V S D
- Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool 518501, AP, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Raghava Rao Komaragiri
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati Campus, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zucca LER, Laus AC, Sorroche BP, Paro E, Sussuchi L, Marques RF, Teixeira GR, Berardinelli GN, Arantes LMRB, Reis RM, Cárcano FM. Immune-checkpoint gene expression and BCG response in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102003. [PMID: 38838438 PMCID: PMC11214516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
METHODS One-hundred-six patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and treated with intravesical BCG were included and divided into two groups, BCG-responsive (n = 47) and -unresponsive (n = 59). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate PD-L1 expression and MSI was assessed by a commercial multiplex PCR kit. The mRNA expression profile of 15 immune checkpoints was performed using the nCounter technology. For in silico validation, two distinct cohorts sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used. RESULTS Among the 106 patients, only one (<1 %) exhibited MSI instability. PD-L1 expression was present in 9.4 % of cases, and no association was found with BCG-responsive status. We found low gene expression of canonic actionable immune checkpoints PDCD1 (PD-1), CD274 (PD-L1), and CTLA4, while high expression was observed for CD276 (B7-H3), CD47, TNFRSF14, IDO1 and PVR (CD155) genes. High IDO1 expression levels was associated with worst overall survival. The PDCD1, CTLA4 and TNFRSF14 expression levels were associated with BCG responsiveness, whereas TIGIT and CD276 were associated with unresponsiveness. Finally, CD276 was validated in silico cohorts. CONCLUSION In NMIBC, MSI is rare and PD-L1 expression is present in a small subset of cases. Expression levels of PDCD1, CTLA4, TNFRSF14, TIGIT and CD276 could constitute predictive biomarkers of BCG responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Rosa Zucca
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Instituto do Câncer Brasil, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda Paro
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sussuchi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Ferreira Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 3ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Flavio Mavignier Cárcano
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Oncoclinicas & Co - Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan S, Ding X, Pan D, Xu Y, Wang C, Yan J, Chen C, Wang L, Wang X, Yang M, Xu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel PET Tracer for Noninvasive Evaluation of FGL1 Status in Tumors. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3425-3433. [PMID: 38836286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a potential novel immune checkpoint target for malignant tumor diagnosis and therapy. Accurate detection of FGL1 levels in tumors via noninvasive PET imaging might be beneficial for managing the disease. To achieve this, multiple FGL1-targeting peptides (FGLP) were designed, and a promising candidate, 68Ga-NOTA-FGLP2, was identified through a high-throughput screening approach using microPET imaging of 68Ga-labeled peptides. Subsequent in vitro cell experiments showed that uptake values of 68Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 in FGL1 positive Huh7 tumor cells were significantly higher than those in FGL1 negative U87 MG tumor cells. Further microPET imaging showed that the Huh7 xenografts were clearly visualized with a favorable contrast. ROI analysis showed that the uptake values of the tracer in Huh7 xenografts were 2.63 ± 0.07% ID/g at 30 min p.i.. After treatment with an excess of unlabeled FGLP2, the tumor uptake significantly decreased to 0.54 ± 0.05% ID/g at 30 min p.i.. Moreover, the uptake in U87 MG xenografts was 0.44 ± 0.06% ID/g at the same time point. The tracer was excreted mainly through the renal system. 18F-FDG PET imaging was also performed in mice bearing Huh7 and U87 MG xenografts, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the uptake between the tumors with different FGL1 expressions. Preclinical data indicated that 68Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 might be a suitable radiotracer for in vivo noninvasive visualization of tumors with abundant expression of FGL1. Further investigation of 68Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 for tumor diagnosis and therapy is undergoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan L, Wang Y, Shen X, Ma F, Wang J, Yan F. Soluble form of immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103278. [PMID: 38943864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are essential regulators of immune responses, either by activating or suppressing them. Consequently, they are regarded as pivotal elements in the management of infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. In recent years, researchers have identified numerous soluble immune checkpoints that are produced through various mechanisms and demonstrated biological activity. These soluble immune checkpoints can be produced and distributed in the bloodstream and various tissues, with their roles in immune response dysregulation and autoimmunity extensively documented. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the generation of various soluble immune checkpoints, such as sPD-1, sCTLA-4, sTim-3, s4-1BB, sBTLA, sLAG-3, sCD200, and the B7 family, and their importance as indicators for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, the review will investigate the potential pathological mechanisms of soluble immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases, emphasizing their association with autoimmune diseases development, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Geriatric Medical Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuxia Shen
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- Department of Training, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding L, Wang F, Wang Z, Pan Y, Liu T, Cheng L, Liu W, Ding K, Zhu H, Yang Z. Construction of [ 89Zr]Zr-Labeled HuL13 for ImmunoPET Imaging of LAG-3 Checkpoint Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38941565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) has attracted much attention as a potentially valuable immune checkpoint. Individual identification of LAG-3 expression at screening and during treatment could improve the successful implementation of anti-LAG-3 therapies. HuL13 is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the LAG-3 receptor in T cells. Here, we used [89Zr]Zr-labeled HuL13 to delineate LAG-3+ T-cell infiltration into tumors via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A549/LAG-3 cells, which stably express LAG-3, were generated by infection with lentivirus. The uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 in A549/LAG-3 cells was greater than that in the negative control (A549/NC) cells at each time point. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 for the LAG-3 receptor was 8.22 nM. PET imaging revealed significant uptake in the tumor areas of A549/LAG-3 tumor-bearing mice from 24 h after injection (SUVmax = 2.43 ± 0.06 at 24 h). As a proof of concept, PET imaging of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 tracer was further investigated in an MC38 tumor-bearing humanized LAG-3 mouse model. PET imaging revealed that the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 tracer specifically targets human LAG-3 expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In addition to the tumors, the spleen was also noticeably visible. Tumor uptake of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 tracer was lower than its uptake in the spleen, but high uptake in the spleen could be reduced by coinjection of unlabeled antibodies. Coinjection of unlabeled antibodies increases tracer activity in the blood pool, thereby improving tumor uptake. Dosimetry evaluation of the healthy mouse models revealed that the highest absorbed radiation dose was in the spleen, followed by the liver and heart wall. In summary, these studies demonstrate the feasibility of using the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 tracer for the detection of LAG-3 expression on TILs. Further clinical evaluation of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HuL13 tracer may be of significant help in the stratification and management of patients suitable for anti-LAG-3 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yongxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Teli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liansheng Cheng
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Kuke Ding
- Office for Public Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Hou J, Cao P, Yao Z, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yuan H, Liu L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Chroman Derivatives as PD-1/PD-L1 Antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4877-4896. [PMID: 38856697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers due to its crucial role in promoting tumor immune evasion. Here, we report a novel class of chroman-like small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors exhibiting significant activity in inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Employing a "ring-close" strategy for conformational restriction, we have achieved compound C27, which demonstrates superior PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory activity compared to the positive control. Molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation predict that (R)-C27 with inhibitory activity surpassed (S)-C27. The experimental results from bioassay and X-ray structural analysis corroborate these findings. All these results collectively indicate that (R)-C27 is a promising lead compound deserving further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luosen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lorenzo-Sanz L, Lopez-Cerda M, da Silva-Diz V, Artés MH, Llop S, Penin RM, Bermejo JO, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Esteller M, Viñals F, Espinosa E, Oliva M, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J, Muñoz P. Cancer cell plasticity defines response to immunotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5352. [PMID: 38914547 PMCID: PMC11196727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) approaches have changed the therapeutic landscape for many tumor types. However, half of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance. Here, we show that, during cSCC progression in male mice, cancer cells acquire epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity and change their immune checkpoint (IC) ligand profile according to their features, dictating the IC pathways involved in immune evasion. Epithelial cancer cells, through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and mesenchymal cancer cells, through the CTLA-4/CD80 and TIGIT/CD155 pathways, differentially block antitumor immune responses and determine the response to ICB therapies. Accordingly, the anti-PD-L1/TIGIT combination is the most effective strategy for blocking the growth of cSCCs that contain both epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cells. The expression of E-cadherin/Vimentin/CD80/CD155 proteins in cSCC, HNSCC and melanoma patient samples predicts response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Collectively, our findings indicate that the selection of ICB therapies should take into account the epithelial/mesenchymal features of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Sanz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Lopez-Cerda
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria da Silva-Diz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marta H Artés
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Llop
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Penin
- Pathology Service, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Bermejo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Oliva
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Purificación Muñoz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang R, Dai J, Yao F, Zhou S, Huang W, Xu J, Yu K, Chen Y, Fan B, Zhang L, Xu J, Li Q. Hypomethylation-enhanced CRTC2 expression drives malignant phenotypes and primary resistance to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:109821. [PMID: 38770131 PMCID: PMC11103543 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is a crucial regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis and correlates with tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism through which CRTC2 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is largely unknown. Here, we found that increased CRTC2 expression predicted advanced tumor grade and stage, as well as worse prognosis in patients with HCC. DNA promoter hypomethylation led to higher CRTC2 expression in HCC. Functionally, CRTC2 contributed to HCC malignant phenotypes through the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be abrogated by the small-molecular inhibitor XAV-939. Moreover, Crtc2 facilitated tumor growth while concurrently downregulating the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, resulting in primary resistance to immunotherapy. In immunocompetent mice models of HCC, targeting Crtc2 in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy prominently suppressed tumor growth by synergistically enhancing responsiveness to immunotherapy. Collectively, targeting CRTC2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy to sensitize immunotherapy in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Feifan Yao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Suiqing Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Ili & Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health, Ili 835000, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Boqiang Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Liren Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai W, Tang X, Xiao T, Qiao Y, Tian X, Zhu B, Chen J, Chen C, Li Y, Lin X, Cai J, Lin Y, Zhu W, Yan G, Liang J, Hu J. Enhancing antitumor efficacy of oncolytic virus M1 via albendazole-sustained CD8 + T cell activation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200813. [PMID: 38817541 PMCID: PMC11137524 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The immune response plays a crucial role in the functionality of oncolytic viruses. In this study, Albendazole, an antihelminthic drug known to modulate the immune checkpoint PD-L1, was combined with the oncolytic virus M1 (OVM1) to treat mice with either prostate cancer (RM-1) or glioma (GL261) tumors. This combination therapy enhanced anti-tumor effects in immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient ones, without increasing OVM1 replication. Instead, it led to an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells within the tumor, downregulated the expression of PD1 on CD8+ T cells, and upregulated activation markers such as Ki67, CD44, and CD69 and the secretion of cytotoxic factors including interferon (IFN)-γ, granzyme B, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Consistently, it enhanced the in vitro tumor-killing activity of lymphocytes from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleens. The synergistic effect of Albendazole on OVM1 was abolished by depleting CD8+ T cells, suggesting a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism. In addition, Albendazole and OVM1 therapy increased CTLA4 expression in the spleen, and the addition of CTLA4 antibodies further enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. In summary, Albendazole can act synergistically with oncolytic viruses via CD8+ T cell activation, and the Albendazole/OVM1 combination can overcome resistance to CTLA4-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yangyang Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chaoxin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, #3 Lanyue Road, Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiang M, Yang C, Zhang L, Wang S, Ren Y, Gou M. Dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5812-5822. [PMID: 38856691 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important approach in cancer treatment. Transdermal administration is emerging as a promising method for delivering immunotherapeutics. Dissolving microneedles are made mainly of soluble or biodegradable polymers and have garnered widespread attention due to their painlessness, safety, convenience, excellent drug loading capacity, and easy availability of various materials, making them an ideal transdermal delivery system. This review comprehensively summarized the preparation methods, materials, and applications of dissolving microneedles in cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell therapy. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives associated with their future clinical translation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Xiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington-Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Huahang Microcreate Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ya Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Maling Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Shuai M, Ma X, Wang S, Yu S, Deng R, Luo D, Shi J, Pu C, Li R. Discovery of Novel Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera Molecules as Degraders of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 for Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38889052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade represents a pivotal strategy for tumor immunotherapy. At present, various programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies have been successfully applied to tumor treatment. Additionally, numerous small molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have also been developed, with some advancing into clinical trials. Here, a novel PD-L1 proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) library was designed and synthesized utilizing the PD-L1 inhibitor BMS202 and the E3 ligand PG as foundational components. Among these, we identified a highly potent molecule PA8 for PD-L1 degradation in 4T1 cells (DC50 = 0.609 μM). Significantly, compound PA8 potentially inhibits 4T1 cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies revealed that PA8 effectively promoted the immune activation of model mice. Thus, these results suggest that PA8 could be a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy in the 4T1 tumor model. Although PA8 exhibits weaker degradation activity in some human cancer cells, it still provides a certain basis for further research on PD-L1 PROTAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhanzhan Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Shuai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shirui Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chunlan Pu
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma R, Sun JH, Wang YY. The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the formation of exhausted CD8 + T cells. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38884843 PMCID: PMC11182817 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
CD8 + T cells exert a critical role in eliminating cancers and chronic infections, and can provide long-term protective immunity. However, under the exposure of persistent antigen, CD8 + T cells can differentiate into terminally exhausted CD8 + T cells and lose the ability of immune surveillance and disease clearance. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion suggest that it is a potential way to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by restoring the function of exhausted CD8 + T cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an important executor of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Recent studies have shown that TGF-β is one of the drivers for the development of exhausted CD8 + T cells. In this review, we summarized the role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the formation of exhausted CD8 + T cells and discussed ways to target those to ultimately enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Han Sun
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Cancer Institute, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McCulloch TR, Rossi GR, Miranda-Hernandez S, Valencia-Hernandez AM, Alim L, Belle CJ, Krause A, Zacchi LF, Lam PY, Nakamura K, Kupz A, Wells TJ, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. The immune checkpoint TIGIT is upregulated on T cells during bacterial infection and is a potential target for immunotherapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38873699 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat, and alternatives to antibiotic therapy are urgently needed. Immunotherapy, particularly the blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints, is a leading treatment option in cancer and autoimmunity. In this study, we used a murine model of Salmonella Typhimurium infection to investigate whether immune checkpoint blockade could be applied to bacterial infection. We found that the immune checkpoint T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) was significantly upregulated on lymphocytes during infection, particularly on CD4+ T cells, drastically limiting their proinflammatory function. Blockade of TIGIT in vivo using monoclonal antibodies was able to enhance immunity and improve bacterial clearance. The efficacy of anti-TIGIT was dependent on the capacity of the antibody to bind to Fc (fragment crystallizable) receptors, giving important insights into the mechanism of anti-TIGIT therapy. This research suggests that targeting immune checkpoints, such as TIGIT, has the potential to enhance immune responses toward bacteria and restore antibacterial treatment options in the face of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R McCulloch
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Gustavo R Rossi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Socorro Miranda-Hernandez
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Louisa Alim
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Clemence J Belle
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Krause
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucia F Zacchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Pui Yeng Lam
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wells
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fang T, Chen G. Non-viral vector-based genome editing for cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3068-3085. [PMID: 38716572 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the exciting promise of cancer immunotherapy in the clinic, immune checkpoint blockade therapy and T cell-based therapies are often associated with low response rates, intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance, and systemic side effects. CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing appears to be an effective strategy to overcome these unmet clinical needs. As a safer delivery platform for the CRISPR-Cas system, non-viral nanoformulations have been recently explored to target tumor cells and immune cells, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy on a gene level. In this review, we summarized the efforts of non-viral vector-based CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing in tumor cells and immune cells for cancer immunotherapy. Their design rationale and specific applications were highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng Y, He C, Liu C, Shao B, Wang D, Wu P. Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6444. [PMID: 38928150 PMCID: PMC11204037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant threat to human health, and traditional chemotherapy or cytotoxic therapy is no longer the sole or preferred approach for managing malignant tumors. With advanced research into the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the growing elderly population, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent therapeutic option. Its significance in treating elderly cancer patients is increasingly recognized. In this study, we review the conceptual classifications and benefits of immunotherapy, and discuss recent developments in new drugs and clinical progress in cancer treatment through various immunotherapeutic modalities with different mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the impact of immunosenescence on the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and propose innovative and effective strategies to rejuvenate senescent T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.F.); (C.H.); (C.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.F.); (C.H.); (C.L.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gondaliya P, Sayyed AA, Yan IK, Driscoll J, Ziemer A, Patel T. Targeting PD-L1 in cholangiocarcinoma using nanovesicle-based immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00388-5. [PMID: 38859589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the potential of using biological nanoparticles to deliver RNA therapeutics targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a treatment strategy for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). RNA therapeutics offer prospects for intracellular immune modulation, but effective clinical translation requires appropriate delivery strategies. Milk-derived nanovesicles were decorated with epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamers and used to deliver PD-L1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or Cas9 ribonucleoproteins directly to CCA cells. In vitro, nanovesicle treatments reduced PD-L1 expression in CCA cells while increasing degranulation, cytokine release, and tumor cell cytotoxicity when tumor cells were co-cultured with T cells or natural killer cells. Similarly, immunomodulation was observed in multicellular spheroids that mimicked the tumor microenvironment. Combining targeted therapeutic vesicles loaded with siRNA to PD-L1 with gemcitabine effectively reduced tumor burden in an immunocompetent mouse CCA model compared with controls. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of engineered targeted nanovesicle platforms for delivering therapeutic RNA cargoes to tumors, as well as their use in generating effective targeted immunomodulatory therapies for difficult-to-treat cancers such as CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gondaliya
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irene K Yan
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Abbye Ziemer
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morrissey S, Vasconcelos AG, Wang CL, Wang S, Cunha GM. Pooled Rate of Pseudoprogression, Patterns of Response, and Tumor Burden Analysis in Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy Oncologic Trials for Different Malignancies. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024:S0936-6555(24)00215-2. [PMID: 38937187 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Assess rates of true pseudoprogression in unconfirmed progressive disease (iUPD) in a pool of immunotherapy clinical trials for different cancers, analyze tumor characteristics that drive iUPD classification, and investigate potentials predictors of pseudoprogression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data. Patients from 18 immunotherapy clinical trials with two arms (RECIST 1.1, iRECIST), of 10 cancer types were selected. Pooled rate of true pseudoprogression among iUPD was estimated using a common effect meta-analysis. Target, Non-target, and new lesions as the trigger of confirmed-vs pseudo-progression were compared using Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between age, sex, tumor burden at baseline, and number of follow ups and pseudoprogression. RESULTS 60/287 (21%) patients (17 women) were classified as iUPD with at least one subsequent confirmatory timepoint. The overall pooled estimate of pseudoprogression was 15% (95%CI: 8%--26%). Nontarget lesions were significantly more frequent the cause of iUPD than change in Target lesions size (p< 0.001). Most observations of true pseudoprogression occurred in the first follow-up (77%), whereas confirmed progression occurred in later time points during the trial. Pseudoprogression was not significantly associated with age, sex, tumor burden at baseline, or number of timepoints. CONCLUSION In a pool of immunotherapy trials, the rate of true pseudoprogression was 15%, most often in the first timepoint after baseline than later in treatment. iUPD categorization was mostly driven by changes in NT lesions rather than objective changes in measurements of target lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Morrissey
- OncoRad Research Core, Department of Radiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A G Vasconcelos
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C L Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Wang
- OncoRad Research Core, Department of Radiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G M Cunha
- OncoRad Research Core, Department of Radiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vetsika EK, Fragoulis GE, Kyriakidi M, Verrou KM, Tektonidou MG, Alissafi T, Sfikakis PP. Insufficient PD-1 expression during active autoimmune responses: a deep single-cell proteomics analysis in inflammatory arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403680. [PMID: 38911848 PMCID: PMC11190177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) maintains peripheral immune tolerance by preventing T cell continuous activation. Aiming to understand the extent of PD-1 expression in inflammatory arthritis beyond its involvement with T cells, we assess its presence on various circulating single cells. Methods Mass cytometry analysis of patients with active seropositive/seronegative rheumatoid (RA; n=9/8) and psoriatic (PsA; n=9) arthritis versus healthy controls (HC; n=13), re-evaluating patients after 3 months of anti-rheumatic treatment. Results PD-1 was expressed in all leukocyte subpopulations, with the highest PD-1+ cell frequencies in eosinophils (59-73%) and T cells (50-60%), and the lowest in natural-killer cells (1-3%). PD-1+ cell frequencies and PD-1 median expression were comparable between patient subgroups and HC, in the majority of cell subsets. Exceptions included increases in certain T cell/B cell subsets of seropositive RA and specific monocyte subsets and dendritic cells of PsA; an expanded PD-1+CD4+CD45RA+CD27+CD28+ T subset, denoting exhausted T cells, was common across patient subgroups. Strikingly, significant inverse correlations between individual biomarkers of systemic inflammation (ESR and/or serum CRP) and PD-1+ cell frequencies and/or median expression were evident in several innate and adaptive immunity cell subsets of RA and PsA patients. Furthermore, all inverse correlations noted in individuals with active arthritis were no longer discernible in those who attained remission/low disease activity post-treatment. Conclusion PD-1 expression may be insufficient, relative to the magnitude of the concomitant systemic inflammatory response on distinct leukocyte subsets, varying between RA and PsA. Our results point to the potential therapeutic benefits of pharmacological PD-1 activation, to rebalance the autoimmune response and reduce inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Kyriaki Vetsika
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George E. Fragoulis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kyriakidi
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio-Maria Verrou
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G. Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Themis Alissafi
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Center of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alotaibi FM, Albalawi IAS, Anis AM, Alotaibi H, Khashwayn S, Alshammari K, Al-Tawfiq JA. The impact of antibiotic use in gastrointestinal tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1415093. [PMID: 38887674 PMCID: PMC11180829 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1415093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved overall survival in patients with different cancer types. However, treatment efficacy varies between patients depending on several factors. Recent research suggested that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can impair ICI efficacy. Here we review the impact of antibiotic use in clinical outcome of patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with ICI. Methods This is a systematic review and utilized a thorough search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, EB-SCO, Web of Science of studies published till September 2023. The aim of the study is to determine the association between antibiotic use and ICI treatment efficacy in patients with gastrointestinal cancers (GI). We utilized a meta-analysis of the association between the use of antibiotics and overall survival and progression-free survival. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 2,214 patients. The most common type of cancers was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The majority of the studies were retrospective, and one was collective of clinical trials. The use of antibiotics was associated with decreased both overall survival [haz-ard ratio (HR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 2.63] and progression-free survival [HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.29, 2.54]. Conclusion The use of antibiotics may affect clinical outcomes in patients with GI cancers treated with ICI. Further prospective studies are needed to improve the understanding of this phenomenon. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023462172.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah M. Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amna M. Anis
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawazin Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Khashwayn
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanan Alshammari
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Department of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Speranza D, Santarpia M, Luppino F, Omero F, Maiorana E, Cavaleri M, Sapuppo E, Cianci V, Pugliese A, Racanelli V, Camerino GM, Rodolico C, Silvestris N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurotoxicity: a focus on diagnosis and management for a multidisciplinary approach. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38819976 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2363471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, the consequential over activation of the immune system is often complicated by adverse events that can affect several organs and systems, including the nervous system. The precise pathophysiology underlying neurological irAEs (n-irAEs) is not completely known. Around 3.8% of patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 agents, 6.1% of patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1, and 12% of patients receiving combination therapies have n-irAEs. Most n-irAEs are low-grade, while severe toxicities have rarely been reported. in this article, we performed an updated literature search on immuno-related neurotoxicity on main medical research database, from February 2017 to December 2023. AREAS COVERED We have also compared the latest national and international guidelines on n-irAEs management with each other in order to better define patient management. EXPERT OPINION A multidisciplinary approach appears necessary in the management of oncological patients during immunotherapy. Therefore, in order to better manage these toxicities, we believe that it is essential to collaborate with neurologists specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of n-irAEs, and that a global neurological assessment, both central and peripheral, is necessary before starting immunotherapy, with regular reassessment during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desirèe Speranza
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Luppino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Omero
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrica Maiorana
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Cavaleri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Sapuppo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cianci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento and Internal Medicine Department, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Q, Li H, Wu T, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Nanodrugs based on co-delivery strategies to combat cisplatin resistance. J Control Release 2024; 370:14-42. [PMID: 38615892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP), as a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, is able to bind to DNA and inhibit cell division. Despite the widespread use of cisplatin since its discovery, cisplatin resistance developed during prolonged chemotherapy, similar to other small molecule chemotherapeutic agents, severely limits its clinical application. Cisplatin resistance in cancer cells is mainly caused by three reasons: DNA repair, decreased cisplatin uptake/increased efflux, and cisplatin inactivation. In earlier combination therapies, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells prevented the achievement of the desired therapeutic effect even with the accurate combination of two chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, combination therapy using nanocarriers for co-delivery of drugs is considered to be ideal for alleviating cisplatin resistance and reducing cisplatin-related toxicity in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of the design of cisplatin nano-drugs used to combat cancer cell resistance, elucidates the mechanisms of action of cisplatin and the pathways through which cancer cells develop resistance, and finally discusses the design of drugs and related carriers that can synergistically reduce cancer resistance when combined with cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Taixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bio-nanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Righi I, Trabattoni D, Rosso L, Vaira V, Clerici M. Immune checkpoint molecules in solid organ transplantation: A promising way to prevent rejection. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106860. [PMID: 38677335 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules modulate immune responses upon antigen presentation; the interaction between different IC molecules will result in the stimulation or, rather, the thwarting of such responses. Tumor cells express increased amounts of inhibitory IC molecules in an attempt to evade immune responses; therapeutic agents have been developed that bind inhibitory IC molecules, restoring tumor-directed immune responses and changing the prognosis of a number of cancers. Stimulation of inhibitory IC molecules could be beneficial in preventing rejection in the setting of solid organ transplantation (SOT), and in vivo as well as in vivo results obtained in animal models show this to indeed to be the case. With the exception of belatacept, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in which an IgG Fc fragment is linked to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, this has not yet translated into the generation of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent SOT rejection. We provide a review of state-of-the art knowledge on the role played by IC molecules in transplantation, confident that innovative research will lead to new avenues to manage rejection in solid organ transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Righi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardio- Thoracic - Vascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovan Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardio- Thoracic - Vascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Y, Chen CY, Huang H, Luo Z, Mu Y, Li S, Huang Y, Li S. Knocking down of Xkr8 enhances chemotherapy efficacy through modulating tumor immune microenvironment. J Control Release 2024; 370:479-489. [PMID: 38685385 PMCID: PMC11186464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Scramblase Xk-related protein 8 (Xkr8) regulates the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) during apoptosis and holds a pivotal role in fostering tumor immunosuppression. Targeting Xkr8 in conjunction with chemotherapy demonstrated a novel avenue for amplifying antitumor immune response and overcoming chemo-immune resistance. Here we further evaluated this strategy by using a clinically relevant orthotopic model and elucidated the mechanism through in-depth single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that Xkr8 knockdown exhibited the potential to lead to immunogenic cell death (ICD) by impeding the normal clearance of apoptotic cells. Co-delivery of Xkr8 small interference RNA (siRNA) and a prodrug conjugate of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and oxoplatin (FuOXP) showed remarkable therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model with increased infiltration of proliferative NK cells and activated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell trajectory analysis further unveiled that tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells are differentiated favorably to cytotoxic over exhausted phenotype after combination treatment. Our study sheds new light on the impact of Xkr8 knockdown on TME and solidifies the rationale of combining Xkr8 knockdown with chemotherapy to treat various types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiqing Mu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shichen Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yixian Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sferruzza G, Consoli S, Dono F, Evangelista G, Giugno A, Pronello E, Rollo E, Romozzi M, Rossi L, Pensato U. A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2561-2578. [PMID: 38308708 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the prognosis of many cancers, increasing the hope for HGG therapy. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to include relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifty-two papers were finally included (44 phase II and eight phase III clinical trials) and further divided into four different subgroups: 14 peptide vaccine trials, 15 dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) trials, six immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials, and 17 miscellaneous group trials that included both "active" and "passive" immunotherapies. In the last decade, immunotherapy created great hope to increase the survival of patients affected by HGGs; however, it has yielded mostly dismal results in the setting of phase III clinical trials. An in-depth analysis of these clinical results provides clues about common patterns that have led to failures at the clinical level and helps shape the perspective for the next generation of immunotherapies in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sferruzza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Consoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giacomo Evangelista
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Giugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pronello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rollo
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Pensato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu Y, Liu H, Bian Q, Guan Y. A 67-Year-Old Man with Grade 3 Reactive Cutaneous Capillary Endothelial Proliferation Induced by Camrelizumab First Manifested in the Oral Mucosa - A Case Report. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:803-809. [PMID: 37723943 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231195032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) is the most common immune-related adverse event induced by camrelizumab (SHR-1210). Very rare cases have been reported in oral tissues, especially the oral mucosa. We reported a 67-year-old male with Grade 3 RCCEP. Multiple dome-shaped and bright red papules were first observed in the oral mucosa, which gradually developed on his lip, face, scalp, neck, foot, calf, abdomen and groin. The patient's symptoms gradually improved at 4 weeks after SHR-1210 discontinuation and were mostly relieved at 7 weeks after discontinuation. Our findings revealed that oral examination should be performed regularly during SHR-1210 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Queqiao Bian
- Department of Dermatology & STD, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmin Guan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu J, Ye Y, Zhao X, Wu M, Wang X, Shu P, Liu J, Zhang X. Comprehensive prognostic assessment in kidney cancer: A multidimensional approach analyzing Fufang Sanling granules, genetic variants, and immune infiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3694-3709. [PMID: 38511791 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the potential therapeutic benefits of Fufang Sanling Granules for kidney cancer, focusing on their active components and the underlying mechanisms of their interaction with cancer-related targets. By constructing a drug-active component-target network based on eight herbs, key active compounds such as kaempferol, quercetin, and linolenic acid were identified, suggesting their pivotal roles in modulating immune responses and cellular signaling pathways relevant to cancer progression. The research further identified 51 central drug-disease genes through comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, implicating their involvement in crucial biological processes and pathways. A novel risk score model, encompassing six genes with significant prognostic value for renal cancer, was established and validated, showcasing its effectiveness in predicting patient outcomes through mutation analysis and survival studies. The model's predictive power was further confirmed by its ability to stratify patients into distinct risk groups with significant survival differences, highlighting its potential as a prognostic tool. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between gene expression within the identified black module and the risk score, uncovering significant associations with the extracellular matrix and immune infiltration patterns. This reveals the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. The integration of the risk score with clinical parameters through a nomogram significantly improved the model's predictive accuracy, offering a more comprehensive tool for predicting kidney cancer prognosis. In summary, by combining detailed molecular analyses with clinical insights, this study presents a robust framework for understanding the therapeutic potential of Fufang Sanling Granules in kidney cancer. It not only sheds light on the active components and their interactions with cancer-related genes but also introduces a reliable risk score model, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhu
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuyao Wang
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Shu
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cappabianca D, Li J, Zheng Y, Tran C, Kasparek K, Mendez P, Thu R, Maures T, Capitini CM, Deans R, Saha K. Non-viral expression of chimeric antigen receptors with multiplex gene editing in primary T cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1379900. [PMID: 38882639 PMCID: PMC11177325 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1379900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient engineering of T cells to express exogenous tumor-targeting receptors such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T-cell receptors (TCRs) is a key requirement of effective adoptive cell therapy for cancer. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, can further alter the functional characteristics of therapeutic T cells through the knockout of genes of interest while knocking in synthetic receptors that can recognize cancer cells. Performing multiple rounds of gene transfer with precise genome editing, termed multiplexing, remains a key challenge, especially for non-viral delivery platforms. Here, we demonstrate the efficient production of primary human T cells incorporating the knockout of three clinically relevant genes (B2M, TRAC, and PD1) along with the non-viral transfection of a CAR targeting disialoganglioside GD2. Multiplexed knockout results in high on-target deletion for all three genes, with low off-target editing and chromosome alterations. Incorporating non-viral delivery to knock in a GD2-CAR resulted in a TRAC-B2M-PD1-deficient GD2 CAR T-cell product with a central memory cell phenotype and high cytotoxicity against GD2-expressing neuroblastoma target cells. Multiplexed gene-editing with non-viral delivery by CRISPR/Cas9 is feasible and safe, with a high potential for rapid and efficient manufacturing of highly potent allogeneic CAR T-cell products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cappabianca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jingling Li
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Yueting Zheng
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Cac Tran
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | | | - Pedro Mendez
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Ricky Thu
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Travis Maures
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert Deans
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruli TM, Pollack ED, Lodh A, Evers CD, Price CA, Shoreibah M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Hepatic-Related Side Effects: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2042. [PMID: 38893164 PMCID: PMC11171072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent type of liver cancer. The prognosis of patients with advanced, unresectable HCC has historically been poor. However, with the emergence of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there is reason for optimism. Nevertheless, ICIs do not come without risk, especially when administered in patients with HCC, given their potential underlying poor hepatic reserve. Given their novelty in the management of HCC, there are few studies to date specifically investigating ICI-related side effects on the liver in patients with underlying HCC. This review will serve as a guide for clinicians on ICIs' role in the management of HCC and their potential side effect profile. There will be a discussion on ICI-related hepatotoxicity, the potential for hepatitis B and C reactivation with ICI use, the potential for the development of autoimmune hepatitis with ICI use, and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with ICI use. As ICIs become more commonplace as a treatment option in patients with advanced HCC, it is imperative that clinicians not only understand the mechanism of action of such agents but also understand and are able to identify hepatic-related side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Ruli
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.D.P.); (A.L.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Ethan D. Pollack
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.D.P.); (A.L.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Atul Lodh
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.D.P.); (A.L.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Charles D. Evers
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.D.P.); (A.L.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Christopher A. Price
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.D.P.); (A.L.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Mohamed Shoreibah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Franzese O, Ancona P, Bianchi N, Aguiari G. Apoptosis, a Metabolic "Head-to-Head" between Tumor and T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:924. [PMID: 38891056 PMCID: PMC11171541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis represents a promising therapeutic approach to drive tumor cells to death. However, this poses challenges due to the intricate nature of cancer biology and the mechanisms employed by cancer cells to survive and escape immune surveillance. Furthermore, molecules released from apoptotic cells and phagocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can facilitate cancer progression and immune evasion. Apoptosis is also a pivotal mechanism in modulating the strength and duration of anti-tumor T-cell responses. Combined strategies including molecular targeting of apoptosis, promoting immunogenic cell death, modulating immunosuppressive cells, and affecting energy pathways can potentially overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Thus, an effective approach for targeting apoptosis within the TME should delicately balance the selective induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, while safeguarding survival, metabolic changes, and functionality of T cells targeting crucial molecular pathways involved in T-cell apoptosis regulation. Enhancing the persistence and effectiveness of T cells may bolster a more resilient and enduring anti-tumor immune response, ultimately advancing therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. This review delves into the pivotal topics of this multifaceted issue and suggests drugs and druggable targets for possible combined therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Ancona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via F. Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tyagi S, Kumar A. Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An updated comprehensive disproportionality analysis and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104398. [PMID: 38810844 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact safety profile of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unclear so far. AIM The aim of the current study is to analyse the safety profile of ICIs in cancer patients. METHODOLOGY The updated comprehensive disproportionality analysis of post-marketing data using the FAERS database and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted. Disproportionality measures were calculated in terms of PRR associated with chi-square value and ROR with 95% confidence intervals whereas overall estimate measures with 95% CIs, publication bias and heterogeneity were calculated using RevMan 5.4. The GRADE analysis was also done to check the quality of evidence for each outcome. RESULTS Various novel signals such as cholangitis, encephalitis, anuria, myelosuppression, and cachexia related to different system organ class were identified with ICIs. The sensitivity analysis results have indicated the influence of concomitant drugs on the identified signals. The meta-analysis results have shown a good safety profile of atezolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma, pembrolizumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer, urothelial cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), nivolumab in HNSCC as compared to the non-ICI group. CONCLUSION The safety of ICIs is dependent on their types as well as on the types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao X, Shao S, Hu L. The recent advancement of TCR-T cell therapies for cancer treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:663-674. [PMID: 38557898 PMCID: PMC11187488 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies involve infusing engineered immune cells into cancer patients to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Adoptive cell therapy, as a form of living drug, has undergone explosive growth over the past decade. The recognition of tumor antigens by the T-cell receptor (TCR) is one of the natural mechanisms that the immune system used to eliminate tumor cells. TCR-T cell therapy, which involves introducing exogenous TCRs into patients' T cells, is a novel cell therapy strategy. TCR-T cell therapy can target the entire proteome of cancer cells. Engineering T cells with exogenous TCRs to help patients combat cancer has achieved success in clinical trials, particularly in treating solid tumors. In this review, we examine the progress of TCR-T cell therapy over the past five years. This includes the discovery of new tumor antigens, protein engineering techniques for TCR, reprogramming strategies for TCR-T cell therapy, clinical studies on TCR-T cell therapy, and the advancement of TCR-T cell therapy in China. We also propose several potential directions for the future development of TCR-T cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- />Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell SystemsShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Shuai Shao
- />Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell SystemsShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- />Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell SystemsShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Giuliano A, Pimentel PAB, Horta RS. Checkpoint Inhibitors in Dogs: Are We There Yet? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2003. [PMID: 38893123 PMCID: PMC11171034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer treatment in people. Immune checkpoints are important regulators of the body's reaction to immunological stimuli. The most studied immune checkpoint molecules are programmed death (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). Certain tumours can evade immunosurveillance by activating these immunological checkpoint targets. These proteins are often upregulated in cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumour growth. By blocking inhibitory checkpoints, ICI can help restore the immune system to effectively fight cancer. Several studies have investigated the expression of these and other immune checkpoints in human cancers and have shown their potential as therapeutic targets. In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying the expression of immune checkpoints in dogs with cancer, and a few small clinical trials with ICI have already been performed on these species. Emerging studies in veterinary oncology are centred around developing and validating canine-targeted antibodies. Among ICIs, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatments stand out as the most promising, mirroring the success in human medicine over the past decade. Nevertheless, the efficacy of caninized antibodies remains suboptimal, especially for canine oral melanoma. To enhance the utilisation of ICIs, the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and the thorough screening of individual tumours are crucial. Such endeavours hold promise for advancing personalised medicine within veterinary practice, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This article aims to review the current research literature about the expression of immune checkpoints in canine cancer and the current results of ICI treatment in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pedro A. B. Pimentel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo S. Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Saleemi MA, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses. Pathogens 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38921739 PMCID: PMC11206999 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are vital as they protect us from various illness-causing agents. Despite all the advancements in vaccine-related research, developing improved and safer vaccines against devastating infectious diseases including Ebola, tuberculosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a significant challenge. In addition, some of the current human vaccines can cause adverse reactions in some individuals, which limits their use for massive vaccination program. Therefore, it is necessary to design optimal vaccine candidates that can elicit appropriate immune responses but do not induce side effects. Subunit vaccines are relatively safe for the vaccination of humans, but they are unable to trigger an optimal protective immune response without an adjuvant. Although different types of adjuvants have been used for the formulation of vaccines to fight pathogens that have high antigenic diversity, due to the toxicity and safety issues associated with human-specific adjuvants, there are only a few adjuvants that have been approved for the formulation of human vaccines. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have gain specific attention and are commonly used as adjuvants for vaccine development as well as for drug delivery due to their excellent immune modulation properties. This review will focus on the current state of adjuvants in vaccine development, the mechanisms of human-compatible adjuvants and future research directions. We hope this review will provide valuable information to discovery novel adjuvants and drug delivery systems for developing novel vaccines and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.A.S.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu X, Xu J. TWIST1 Drives Cytotoxic CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion through Transcriptional Activation of CD274 (PD-L1) Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1973. [PMID: 38893094 PMCID: PMC11171171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is positively associated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and immune escape, and TWIST1 silences ERα expression and induces EMT and cancer metastasis. However, how TWIST1 regulates PD-L1 and immune evasion is unknown. This study analyzed TWIST1 and PD-L1 expression in breast cancers, investigated the mechanism for TWIST1 to regulate PD-L1 transcription, and assessed the effects of TWIST1 and PD-L1 in cancer cells on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, TWIST1 expression is correlated with high-level PD-L1 expression in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. The overexpression and knockdown of TWIST1 robustly upregulate and downregulate PD-L1 expression, respectively. TWIST1 binds to the PD-L1 promoter and recruits the TIP60 acetyltransferase complex in a BRD8-dependent manner to transcriptionally activate PD-L1 expression, which significantly accelerates the exhaustion and death of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, knockdown of TWIST1 or BRD8 or inhibition of PD-L1 significantly enhances the tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to suppress the growth of breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that TWIST1 directly induces PD-L1 expression in ERα-negative breast cancer cells to promote immune evasion. Targeting TWIST1, BRD8, and/or PD-L1 in ERα-negative breast cancer cells with TWIST1 expression may sensitize CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maffuid K, Cao Y. Utilizing a Proximity Dependent Labeling Strategy to Study Cancer-Immune Intercellular Interactions In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:246-253. [PMID: 37770200 PMCID: PMC11125784 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play a critical role in surveilling and defending against cancer, emphasizing the importance of understanding how they interact and communicate with cancer cells to determine cancer status, treatment response, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To this end, we conducted a study demonstrating the effectiveness of an enzyme-mediated intercellular proximity labeling (EXCELL) method, which utilizes a modified version of the sortase A enzyme known as mgSrtA, in detecting and characterizing immune-tumor cell interactions. The mgSrtA enzyme is expressed on the membrane of tumor cells, which is able to label immune cells that interact with tumor cells in a proximity-dependent manner. Our research indicates that the EXCELL technique can detect and characterize immune-tumor cell interactions in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, both in vitro and in vivo, without requiring pre-engineering of the immune cells. We also highlight its ability to detect various types of immune cell subpopulations in vivo that have migrated out of the tumor into the spleen, providing insights into the role of peripheral T-cell recruitment in tumor progression. Overall, our findings suggest that the EXCELL method has great potential for improving our understanding of immune cell dynamics within the TME, ultimately leading to more potent pharmacological effects and cancer immunotherapy strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The enzyme-mediated intercellular proximity labeling method holds promise for detecting immune cell interactions with cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. It has important implications for studying immune tumor cell dynamics and potentially uncovering novel subtypes of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, both prior to and during immunotherapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Maffuid
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.M., Y.C.) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Y.C.)
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.M., Y.C.) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang W, Ou M, Yang P, Ning M. The role of extracellular vesicle immune checkpoints in cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:230-239. [PMID: 38518192 PMCID: PMC11097917 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (ICPs) play a crucial role in regulating the immune response. In the tumor, malignant cells can hijack the immunosuppressive effects of inhibitory ICPs to promote tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by a variety of cells and contain bioactive molecules on their surface or within their lumen. The expression of ICPs has also been detected in EVs. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that extracellular vesicle immune checkpoints (EV ICPs) have immunomodulatory effects and are involved in tumor immunity. EV ICPs isolated from the peripheral blood of cancer patients are closely associated with the tumor progression and the prognosis of cancer patients. Blocking inhibitory ICPs has been recognized as an effective strategy in cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment is hindered by the emergence of therapeutic resistance, which limits their widespread use. Researchers have demonstrated that EV ICPs are correlated with clinical response to ICIs therapy and were involved in therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the immunomodulatory effects, underlying mechanisms, and clinical significance of EV ICPs in cancer. This review aims to comprehensively explore these aspects. We have provided a comprehensive description of the cellular origins, immunomodulatory effects, and clinical significance of EV ICPs in cancer, based on relevant studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingrong Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhe Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Satapathy BP, Sheoran P, Yadav R, Chettri D, Sonowal D, Dash CP, Dhaka P, Uttam V, Yadav R, Jain M, Jain A. The synergistic immunotherapeutic impact of engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 blockade in lymphomas and solid tumors: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389971. [PMID: 38799440 PMCID: PMC11116574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor-T Cell (CAR-T) and immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockers are showing promising results for numerous cancer patients. However, significant advancements are required before CAR-T therapies become readily available as off-the-shelf treatments, particularly for solid tumors and lymphomas. In this review, we have systematically analyzed the combination therapy involving engineered CAR-T cells and anti PD-1 agents. This approach aims at overcoming the limitations of current treatments and offers potential advantages such as enhanced tumor inhibition, alleviated T-cell exhaustion, heightened T-cell activation, and minimized toxicity. The integration of CAR-T therapy, which targets tumor-associated antigens, with PD-1 blockade augments T-cell function and mitigates immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. To assess the impact of combination therapy on various tumors and lymphomas, we categorized them based on six major tumor-associated antigens: mesothelin, disialoganglioside GD-2, CD-19, CD-22, CD-133, and CD-30, which are present in different tumor types. We evaluated the efficacy, complete and partial responses, and progression-free survival in both pre-clinical and clinical models. Additionally, we discussed potential implications, including the feasibility of combination immunotherapies, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to optimize treatment strategies and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Overall, we believe combining CAR-T therapy with PD-1 blockade holds promise for the next generation of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhu Prasad Satapathy
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Sheoran
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dewan Chettri
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dhruba Sonowal
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Chinmayee Priyadarsini Dash
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prachi Dhaka
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen L, Zhao X, Liu X, Ouyang Y, Xu C, Shi Y. Development of small molecule drugs targeting immune checkpoints. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0034. [PMID: 38727005 PMCID: PMC11131045 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to relieve and refuel anti-tumor immunity by blocking the interaction, transcription, and translation of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints or degrading co-inhibitory immune checkpoints. Thousands of small molecule drugs or biological materials, especially antibody-based ICIs, are actively being studied and antibodies are currently widely used. Limitations, such as anti-tumor efficacy, poor membrane permeability, and unneglected tolerance issues of antibody-based ICIs, remain evident but are thought to be overcome by small molecule drugs. Recent structural studies have broadened the scope of candidate immune checkpoint molecules, as well as innovative chemical inhibitors. By way of comparison, small molecule drug-based ICIs represent superior oral bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetic features. Several ongoing clinical trials are exploring the synergetic effect of ICIs and other therapeutic strategies based on multiple ICI functions, including immune regulation, anti-angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. In this review we summarized the current progression of small molecule ICIs and the mechanism underlying immune checkpoint proteins, which will lay the foundation for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin C, Smith C, Rutka J. Current immunotherapeutic approaches to diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Front Genet 2024; 15:1349612. [PMID: 38774284 PMCID: PMC11106442 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1349612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive brain tumour that occurs in the pons of the brainstem and accounts for over 80% of all brainstem gliomas. The median age at diagnosis is 6-7 years old, with less than 10% overall survival 2 years after diagnosis and less than 1% after 5 years. DIPGs are surgically inaccessible, and radiation therapy provides only transient benefit, with death ensuing from relentless local tumour infiltration. DIPGs are now the leading cause of brain tumour deaths in children, with a societal cancer burden in years of life lost (YLL) of more than 67 per individual, versus approximately 14 and 16 YLL for lung and breast cancer respectively. More than 95 clinical drug trials have been conducted on children with DIPGs, and all have failed to improve survival. No single or combination chemotherapeutic strategy has been successful to date because of our inability to identify targeted drugs for this disease and to deliver these drugs across an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). Accordingly, there has been an increased focus on immunotherapy research in DIPG, with explorations into treatments such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, immune checkpoint blockades, cancer vaccines, and autologous cell transfer therapy. Here, we review the most recent advances in identifying genetic factors influencing the development of immunotherapy for DIPG. Additionally, we explore emerging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) in potential combinatorial approaches to treat DIPG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lin
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Smith
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Rutka
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dawidowicz M, Kula A, Mielcarska S, Świętochowska E, Waniczek D. Prognostic Value of B7H4 Expression in Patients with Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5045. [PMID: 38732263 PMCID: PMC11084412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 (aliases VTCN1, B7H4) participates in tumour immune escape by delivering inhibitory signals to T cells. The purpose of this article was to assess the B7H4 prognostic value in solid cancers. Three databases were searched for relevant articles. The main endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Appropriate hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled. The R studio software (version 4.0.3) was used for data analysis. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. High expression of B7H4 was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37-1.68) but not with DSS (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.49-2.63), RFS (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.75-4.18), DFS (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.8-2.09), or PFS (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.91-3.2) in patients with solid cancers. High expression of B7H4 is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with solid cancers. B7H4 is a promising prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for various solid cancers because of its activity in cancer immunity and tumourigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dawidowicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kula
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Mielcarska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (S.M.); (E.Ś.)
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (S.M.); (E.Ś.)
| | - Dariusz Waniczek
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Katowice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mierzwicka JM, Petroková H, Kafková LR, Kosztyu P, Černý J, Kuchař M, Petřík M, Bendová K, Krasulová K, Groza Y, Vaňková L, Bharadwaj S, Panova N, Křupka M, Škarda J, Raška M, Malý P. Engineering PD-1-targeted small protein variants for in vitro diagnostics and in vivo PET imaging. J Transl Med 2024; 22:426. [PMID: 38711085 PMCID: PMC11071268 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) belongs to immune checkpoint proteins ensuring negative regulation of the immune response. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the sensitivity to treatment with anti-PD-1 therapeutics, and its efficacy, mostly correlated with the increase of tumor infiltrating PD-1+ lymphocytes. Due to solid tumor heterogeneity of PD-1+ populations, novel low molecular weight anti-PD-1 high-affinity diagnostic probes can increase the reliability of expression profiling of PD-1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor tissue biopsies and in vivo mapping efficiency using immune-PET imaging. METHODS We designed a 13 kDa β-sheet Myomedin scaffold combinatorial library by randomization of 12 mutable residues, and in combination with ribosome display, we identified anti-PD-1 Myomedin variants (MBA ligands) that specifically bound to human and murine PD-1-transfected HEK293T cells and human SUP-T1 cells spontaneously overexpressing cell surface PD-1. RESULTS Binding affinity to cell-surface expressed human and murine PD-1 on transfected HEK293T cells was measured by fluorescence with LigandTracer and resulted in the selection of most promising variants MBA066 (hPD-1 KD = 6.9 nM; mPD-1 KD = 40.5 nM), MBA197 (hPD-1 KD = 29.7 nM; mPD-1 KD = 21.4 nM) and MBA414 (hPD-1 KD = 8.6 nM; mPD-1 KD = 2.4 nM). The potential of MBA proteins for imaging of PD-1+ populations in vivo was demonstrated using deferoxamine-conjugated MBA labeled with 68Galium isotope. Radiochemical purity of 68Ga-MBA proteins reached values 94.7-99.3% and in vitro stability in human serum after 120 min was in the range 94.6-98.2%. The distribution of 68Ga-MBA proteins in mice was monitored using whole-body positron emission tomography combined with computerized tomography (PET/CT) imaging up to 90 min post-injection and post mortem examined in 12 mouse organs. The specificity of MBA proteins was proven by co-staining frozen sections of human tonsils and NSCLC tissue biopsies with anti-PD-1 antibody, and demonstrated their potential for mapping PD-1+ populations in solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS Using directed evolution, we developed a unique set of small binding proteins that can improve PD-1 diagnostics in vitro as well as in vivo using PET/CT imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maria Mierzwicka
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Petroková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Rašková Kafková
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kuchař
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Petřík
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bendová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Krasulová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslava Groza
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vaňková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Natalya Panova
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Křupka
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raška
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Zhou Y, Hu X, Le-Ge W, Wang H, Jiang T, Li J, Hu Y, Wang Y. DIRMC: a database of immunotherapy-related molecular characteristics. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae032. [PMID: 38713861 PMCID: PMC11184449 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has brought about a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies. To assist researchers in efficiently uncovering valuable information related to cancer immunotherapy, we have presented a manually curated comprehensive database called DIRMC, which focuses on molecular features involved in cancer immunotherapy. All the content was collected manually from published literature, authoritative clinical trial data submitted by clinicians, some databases for drug target prediction such as DrugBank, and some experimentally confirmed high-throughput data sets for the characterization of immune-related molecular interactions in cancer, such as a curated database of T-cell receptor sequences with known antigen specificity (VDJdb), a pathology-associated TCR database (McPAS-TCR) et al. By constructing a fully connected functional network, ranging from cancer-related gene mutations to target genes to translated target proteins to protein regions or sites that may specifically affect protein function, we aim to comprehensively characterize molecular features related to cancer immunotherapy. We have developed the scoring criteria to assess the reliability of each MHC-peptide-T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction item to provide a reference for users. The database provides a user-friendly interface to browse and retrieve data by genes, target proteins, diseases and more. DIRMC also provides a download and submission page for researchers to access data of interest for further investigation or submit new interactions related to cancer immunotherapy targets. Furthermore, DIRMC provides a graphical interface to help users predict the binding affinity between their own peptide of interest and MHC or TCR. This database will provide researchers with a one-stop resource to understand cancer immunotherapy-related targets as well as data on MHC-peptide-TCR interactions. It aims to offer reliable molecular characteristics support for both the analysis of the current status of cancer immunotherapy and the development of new immunotherapy. DIRMC is available at http://www.dirmc.tech/. Database URL: http://www.dirmc.tech/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wuri Le-Ge
- Department of Pain, Tongliao City Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen Z, Zhang D, Huang H, Chen J, Li Z, Hu Y, Liu R. NIR Absorbing Organic Chromophores Combination with NSAIDs for Remodeling of the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Amplify Tumor Ferroptosis-Photothermal Synergistic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400361. [PMID: 38708879 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, which can cause ferroptosis to enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. However, excessively generated immunogenicity will induce serious inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in a discounted therapeutic effect. Herein, a kind of NIR absorption small organic chromophore nanoparticles (TTHM NPs) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (68.33%) is developed, which can induce mitochondria dysfunction, generate mitochondrial superoxide, and following ferroptosis. TTHM NPs-based photothermal therapy is combined with Sulfasalazine (SUZ), a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to weaken inflammation and promote ferroptosis through suppressing glutamate/cystine (Glu/Cys) antiporter system Xc- (xCT). Additionally, the combination of SUZ with PTT can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), followed by promoting the maturation of DCs and the attraction of CD8+ T cell, which will secrete IFN-γ and trigger self-amplified ferroptosis via inhibiting xCT and simulating Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Moreover, the in vivo results demonstrate that this combination therapy can suppress the expression of inflammatory factors, enhance dendritic cell activation, facilitate T-cell infiltration, and realize effective thermal elimination of primary tumors and distant tumors. In general, this work provides an excellent example of combined medication and stimulates new thinking about onco-therapy and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fei Y, Cao D, Dong R, Li Y, Wang Z, Gao P, Zhu M, Wang X, Zuo X, Cai J. The cuproptosis-related gene UBE2D2 functions as an immunotherapeutic and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03495-4. [PMID: 38703335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis, as a unique modality of regulated cell death, requires the involvement of ubiquitin-binding enzyme UBE2D2. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic values of UBE2D2 in pan-cancer remain largely unknown. METHODS Using UCSC Xena, TIMER, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, we aimed to explore the differential expression pattern of UBE2D2 across multiple cancer types and to evaluate its association with patient prognosis, clinical features, and genetic variations. The association between UBE2D2 and immunotherapy response was assessed by gene set enrichment analysis, tumor microenvironment, immune gene co-expression and drug half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) analysis. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of UBE2D2 were markedly elevated in most cancer types, and UBE2D2 exhibited prognostic significance in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), kidney chromophobe (KICH), uveal melanomas (UVM), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP). UBE2D2 expression was correlated with clinical features, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and anti-tumor drug resistance in several tumor types. Gene enrichment analysis showed that UBE2D2 was significantly associated with immune-related pathways. The expression level of UBE2D2 was correlated with immune cell infiltration, including CD4 + T cells、Macrophages M2、CD8 + T cells in pan-cancer. PDCD1, CD274 and CTLA4 expression levels were positively correlated with UBE2D2 level in multiple cancers. CONCLUSIONS We comprehensively investigated the potential value of UBE2D2 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic predictor for pan-cancer, providing a novel insight for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Danping Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Runyu Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yanna Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Menglin Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xueliang Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Juan Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zheng R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Guo S, Jin X, Zhang J, Guan Y, Liu Y. Frontiers and future of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383978. [PMID: 38756774 PMCID: PMC11096556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, that is becoming increasingly common in recent years. Despite advances in intensive treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, biological therapy, and targeted therapy, the overall survival rate has not significantly improved in patients with pancreatic cancer. This may be attributed to the insidious onset, unknown pathophysiology, and poor prognosis of the disease. It is therefore essential to identify and develop more effective and safer treatments for pancreatic cancer. Tumor immunotherapy is the new and fourth pillar of anti-tumor therapy after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Significant progress has made in the use of immunotherapy for a wide variety of malignant tumors in recent years; a breakthrough has also been made in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This review describes the advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic virus, and matrix-depletion therapies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. At the same time, some new potential biomarkers and potential immunotherapy combinations for pancreatic cancer are discussed. The molecular mechanisms of various immunotherapies have also been elucidated, and their clinical applications have been highlighted. The current challenges associated with immunotherapy and proposed strategies that hold promise in overcoming these limitations have also been discussed, with the aim of offering new insights into immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxian Liu
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutong Guo
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuehong Guan
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu H, Pan Z, Lin X, Chen L, Yang Q, Zhang W, Dai L, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen Y, Peng K, Wanggou S, Zeng F, Li X. A potassium-chloride co-transporter with altered genome architecture functions as a suppressor in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18352. [PMID: 38685685 PMCID: PMC11058328 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most lethal tumours in brain, have a poor prognosis despite accepting standard treatment. Limited benefits from current therapies can be attributed to genetic, epigenetic and microenvironmental cues that affect cell programming and drive tumour heterogeneity. Through the analysis of Hi-C data, we identified a potassium-chloride co-transporter SLC12A5 associated with disrupted topologically associating domain which was downregulated in tumour tissues. Multiple independent glioma cohorts were included to analyse the characterization of SLC12A5 and found it was significantly associated with pathological features, prognostic value, genomic alterations, transcriptional landscape and drug response. We constructed two SLC12A5 overexpression cell lines to verify the function of SLC12A5 that suppressed tumour cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, SLC12A5 was also positively associated with GABAA receptor activity and negatively associated with pro-tumour immune signatures and immunotherapy response. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of SLC12A5 in glioma and supports SLC12A5 as a potential suppressor of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhouyang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuelei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Luohuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kang Peng
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Feiyue Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Naseri B, Mardi A, Khosrojerdi A, Baghbani E, Aghebati-Maleki L, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Eskandarzadeh S, Kafshdouz M, Alizadeh N, Baradaran B. Everolimus treatment enhances inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules' expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110798. [PMID: 38569354 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific T-cell immunity is provided by dendritic cells (DCs), which are specialized antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, they establish a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Currently, DC modification is a new approach for the therapy of several disorders. During solid organ transplantation, Everolimus, which is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, was initially utilized to suppress the immune system's functionality. Due to the intervention of Everolimus in various signaling pathways in cells and its modulatory properties on the immune system, this study aims to investigate the effect of treatment with Everolimus on the maturation and expression of immune checkpoint genes in monocyte-derived DCs. METHODS To isolate monocytes from PBMCs, the CD14 marker was used via the MACS method. Monocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate into monocyte-derived DCs by utilizing GM-CSF and IL-4 cytokines. On the fifth day, immature DCs were treated with Everolimus and incubated for 24 h. On the sixth day, the flow cytometry technique was used to investigate the effect of Everolimus on the phenotypic characteristics of DCs. In the end, the expression of immune checkpoint genes in both the Everolimus-treated and untreated DCs groups was assessed using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS The findings of this research demonstrated that the administration of Everolimus to DCs led to a notable rise in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression and a decrease in CD11c expression. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, namely CTLA-4, VISTA, PD-L1, and BTLA, in DCs treated with Everolimus. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that Everolimus can target DCs and affect their phenotype and function in order to shift them toward a partially tolerogenic state. However, additional research is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the precise impact of Everolimus on the activation status of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahshid Kafshdouz
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Desai N, Chavda V, Singh TRR, Thorat ND, Vora LK. Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401631. [PMID: 38693099 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state-of-the-art in cancer nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed in their design. It explores both preclinical and clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating their potential to elicit robust anti-tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial-based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, and the impact of nanoscale properties on vaccine performance. Detailed insights into the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and nanovaccine responses are provided, highlighting challenges and opportunities in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the study presents a thorough analysis of ongoing clinical trials, presenting a snapshot of the current clinical landscape. By curating the latest scientific findings and clinical developments, this study aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians engaged in advancing cancer immunotherapy. Integrating nanotechnology into vaccine design holds immense promise for revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, and this review provides a timely update on the evolving landscape of cancer nanovaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | | | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre (LDCRC), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, Castletroy, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|