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Wang X, Cao L, Liu S, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Zhao W, Gao S, Liu R, Shi Y, Shao C, Fang J. The critical roles of IGFs in immune modulation and inflammation. Cytokine 2024; 183:156750. [PMID: 39243567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are crucial for embryonic and postnatal growth and development, influencing cell survival, metabolism, myogenesis, and cancer progression. Many studies have demonstrated that IGFs also play prominent roles in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems during inflammation. Strikingly, IGFs dictate the phenotype and functional properties of macrophages and T cells. Furthermore, the interplay between IGFs and inflammatory cytokines may generate tissue-protective properties during inflammation. Herein, we review the recent advances on the dialogue between immune cells and IGFs, especially zooming in on the significance of immunomodulatory properties in inflammatory conditions, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The investigation of IGFs may have broad clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Shisong Liu
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Zhou
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Zhou
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Gao
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third/Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Niu X, Yang H, Guo J, Yao L, Wang Y, Yu W, Liu Z, Chen H. Click Chemistry-Mediated Polymannose Surface-Engineering of Natural Killer Cells for Immunotherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400970. [PMID: 38838184 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, serve as the frontline defense of the immune system, and are capable of surveilling and eliminating tumor cells. Their significance in tumor immunotherapy has garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, the absence of specific receptor-ligand interactions between NK cells and tumor cells hampers their selectivity, thereby limiting the therapeutic effectiveness of NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy. Herein, this work constructs polymannose-engineered NK (pM-NK) cells via metabolic glycoengineering and copper-free click chemistry. Polymannose containing dibenzocyclooctyne terminal groups (pM-DBCO) is synthesized and covalently modified on the surface of azido-labeled NK cells. Compared to the untreated NK cells, the interactions between pM-NK cells and MDA-MB-231 cells, a breast tumor cell line with overexpression of mannose receptors (MRs), are significantly increased, and lead to significantly enhanced killing efficacy. Consequently, intravenous administration of pM-NK cells will effectively inhibit the tumor growth and will prolong the survival of mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors. Thus, this work presents a novel strategy for tumor-targeting NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - He Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiangping Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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3
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Xu Z, Zhou H, Li T, Yi Q, Thakur A, Zhang K, Ma X, Qin JJ, Yan Y. Application of biomimetic nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy: A useful strategy to help combat immunotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101098. [PMID: 38833804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in actual clinical applications have begun through vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system, both humoral and cellular, to attack malignant cells and fight diseases. However, conventional vaccine approaches still face multiple challenges eliciting effective antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in immunotherapy resistance. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches by incorporating the natural structure of various biological entities, such as cells, viruses, and bacteria. Biomimetic nanovaccines offer the benefit of targeted antigen-presenting cell (APC) delivery, improved antigen/adjuvant loading, and biocompatibility, thereby improving the sensitivity of immunotherapy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of several kinds of biomimetic nanovaccines in anticancer immune response, including cell membrane-coated nanovaccines, self-assembling protein-based nanovaccines, extracellular vesicle-based nanovaccines, natural ligand-modified nanovaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells-based nanovaccines and liposome-based nanovaccines. We also discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical translation of emerging biomimetic nanovaccine platforms for sensitizing cancer cells to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Qiaoli Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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4
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Tavares LA, Rodrigues RL, Santos da Costa C, Nascimento JA, Vargas de Carvalho J, Nogueira de Carvalho A, Mardones GA, daSilva LLP. AP-1γ2 is an adaptor protein 1 variant required for endosome-to-Golgi trafficking of the mannose-6-P receptor (CI-MPR) and ATP7B copper transporter. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105700. [PMID: 38307383 PMCID: PMC10909764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective retrograde transport from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is important for maintaining protein homeostasis, recycling receptors, and returning molecules that were transported to the wrong compartments. Two important transmembrane proteins directed to this pathway are the Cation-Independent Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and the ATP7B copper transporter. Among CI-MPR functions is the delivery of acid hydrolases to lysosomes, while ATP7B facilitates the transport of cytosolic copper ions into organelles or the extracellular space. Precise subcellular localization of CI-MPR and ATP7B is essential for the proper functioning of these proteins. This study shows that both CI-MPR and ATP7B interact with a variant of the clathrin adaptor 1 (AP-1) complex that contains a specific isoform of the γ-adaptin subunit called γ2. Through synchronized anterograde trafficking and cell-surface uptake assays, we demonstrated that AP-1γ2 is dispensable for ATP7B and CI-MPR exit from the TGN while being critically required for ATP7B and CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. Moreover, AP-1γ2 depletion leads to the retention of endocytosed CI-MPR in endosomes enriched in retromer complex subunits. These data underscore the importance of AP-1γ2 as a key component in the sorting and trafficking machinery of CI-MPR and ATP7B, highlighting its essential role in the transport of proteins from endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alves Tavares
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Santos da Costa
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alburqueque Nascimento
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julianne Vargas de Carvalho
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Nogueira de Carvalho
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Center for Virology Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Yang H, Xiong Z, Heng X, Niu X, Wang Y, Yao L, Sun L, Liu Z, Chen H. Click-Chemistry-Mediated Cell Membrane Glycopolymer Engineering to Potentiate Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315782. [PMID: 38018480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) holds great potential in tumor immunotherapy owing to its potent ability in eliciting tumor-specific immune responses. Aiming at engineering enhanced DCV, we report the first effort to construct a glycopolymer-engineered DC vaccine (G-DCV) via metabolicglycoengineering and copper-free click-chemistry. Model G-DCV was prepared by firstly delivering tumor antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) into dendritic cells (DC) with fluoroalkane-grafted polyethyleneimines, followed by conjugating glycopolymers with a terminal group of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) onto dendritic cells. Compared to unmodified DCV, our G-DCV could induce stronger T cell activation due to the enhanced adhesion between DCs and T cells. Notably, such G-DCV could more effectively inhibit the growth of the mouse B16-OVA (expressing OVA antigen) tumor model after adoptive transfer. Moreover, by combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, G-DCV showed further increased anti-tumor effects in treating different tumor models. Thus, our work provides a novel strategy to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Heng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Hu S, Zhao R, Xu Y, Gu Z, Zhu B, Hu J. Orally-administered nanomedicine systems targeting colon inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: latest advances. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:13-38. [PMID: 38018424 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic condition that results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Commonly used treatments for IBD include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation is also being explored as a potential treatment method; however, these drugs may lead to systemic side effects. Oral administration is preferred for IBD treatment, but accurately locating the inflamed area in the colon is challenging due to multiple physiological barriers. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems possess unique physicochemical properties that enable precise delivery to the target site for IBD treatment, exploiting the increased permeability and retention effect of inflamed intestines. The first part of this review comprehensively introduces the pathophysiological environment of IBD, covering the gastrointestinal pH, various enzymes in the pathway, transport time, intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, intestinal immune cells, and intestinal microbiota. The second part focuses on the latest advances in the mechanism and strategies of targeted delivery using oral nanoparticle drug delivery systems for colitis-related fields. Finally, we present challenges and potential directions for future IBD treatment with the assistance of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Runan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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7
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Gao Y, Wang Z, Cui Y, Xu M, Weng L. Emerging Strategies of Engineering and Tracking Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:24-43. [PMID: 36520013 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a kind of specialized immune cells, play key roles in antitumor immune response and promotion of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, many strategies have been developed to utilize DCs in cancer therapy, such as delivering antigens and adjuvants to DCs and using scaffold to recruit and activate DCs. Here we outline how different DC subsets influence antitumor immunity, summarize the FDA-approved vaccines and cancer vaccines under clinical trials, discuss the strategies for engineering DCs and noninvasive tracking of DCs to improve antitumor immunotherapy, and reveal the potential of artificial neural networks for the design of DC based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Dhanalakshmi M, Sruthi D, Jinuraj KR, Das K, Dave S, Andal NM, Das J. Mannose: a potential saccharide candidate in disease management. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:391-408. [PMID: 36694836 PMCID: PMC9852811 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There are a plethora of antibiotic resistance cases and humans are marching towards another big survival test of evolution along with drastic climate change and infectious diseases. Ever since the first antibiotic [penicillin], and the myriad of vaccines, we were privileged to escape many infectious disease threats. The survival technique of pathogens seems rapidly changing and sometimes mimicking our own systems in such a perfect manner that we are left unarmed against them. Apart from searching for natural alternatives, repurposing existing drugs more effectively is becoming a familiar approach to new therapeutic opportunities. The ingenious use of revolutionary artificial intelligence-enabled drug discovery techniques is coping with the speed of such alterations. D-Mannose is a great hope as a nutraceutical in drug discovery, against CDG, diabetes, obesity, lung disease, and autoimmune diseases and recent findings of anti-tumor activity make it interesting along with its role in drug delivery enhancing techniques. A very unique work done in the present investigation is the collection of data from the ChEMBL database and presenting the targetable proteins on pathogens as well as on humans. It shows Mannose has 50 targets and the majority of them are on human beings. The structure and conformation of certain monosaccharides have a decisive role in receptor pathogen interactions and here we attempt to review the multifaceted roles of Mannose sugar, its targets associated with different diseases, as a natural molecule having many success stories as a drug and future hope for disease management. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dhanalakshmi
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - K. R. Jinuraj
- OSPF-NIAS Drug Discovery Lab, NIAS, IISc Campus, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-3, Odisha India
| | - Sushma Dave
- Department of Applied Sciences, JIET, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - N. Muthulakshmi Andal
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 641004 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jayashankar Das
- Valnizen Healthcare, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056 Maharashtra India
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9
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Seo J, Oh DB. Mannose-6-phosphate glycan for lysosomal targeting: various applications from enzyme replacement therapy to lysosome-targeting chimeras. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:84-91. [PMID: 35784393 PMCID: PMC9246025 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2079719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Seo
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Xu A, Leary SC, Islam MF, Wu Z, Bhanumathy KK, Ara A, Chibbar R, Fleywald A, Ahmed KA, Xiang J. Prosurvival IL-7-Stimulated Weak Strength of mTORC1-S6K Controls T Cell Memory via Transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Id3 and Metabolic AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 Pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:155-168. [PMID: 34872976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ memory T (TM) cells play a critical role in immune defense against infection. Two common γ-chain family cytokines, IL-2 and IL-7, although triggering the same mTORC1-S6K pathway, distinctly induce effector T (TE) cells and TM cells, respectively, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this study, we generated IL-7R-/and AMPKα1-knockout (KO)/OTI mice. By using genetic and pharmaceutical tools, we demonstrate that IL-7 deficiency represses expression of FOXO1, TCF1, p-AMPKα1 (T172), and p-ULK1 (S555) and abolishes T cell memory differentiation in IL-7R KO T cells after Listeria monocytogenesis rLmOVA infection. IL-2- and IL-7-stimulated strong and weak S6K (IL-2/S6Kstrong and IL-7/S6Kweak) signals control short-lived IL-7R-CD62L-KLRG1+ TE and long-term IL-7R+CD62L+KLRG1- TM cell formations, respectively. To assess underlying molecular pathway(s), we performed flow cytometry, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and Seahorse assay analyses by using the IL-7/S6Kweak-stimulated TM (IL-7/TM) and the control IL-2/S6Kstrong-stimulated TE (IL-2/TE) cells. We determine that the IL-7/S6Kweak signal activates transcriptional FOXO1, TCF1, and Id3 and metabolic p-AMPKα1, p-ULK1, and ATG7 molecules in IL-7/TM cells. IL-7/TM cells upregulate IL-7R and CD62L, promote mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation metabolism, and show long-term cell survival and functional recall responses. Interestingly, AMPKα1 deficiency abolishes the AMPKα1 but maintains the FOXO1 pathway and induces a metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis in AMPKα1 KO IL-7/TM cells, leading to loss of cell survival and recall responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-7-stimulated weak strength of mTORC1-S6K signaling controls T cell memory via activation of transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Id3 and metabolic AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 pathways. This (to our knowledge) novel finding provides a new mechanism for a distinct IL-2/IL-7 stimulation model in T cell memory and greatly impacts vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhang Xu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Md Fahmid Islam
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zhaojia Wu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kalpana Kalyanasundaram Bhanumathy
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anjuman Ara
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and
| | - Andrew Fleywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jim Xiang
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; .,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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11
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Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Liu S, Wang H, Jiao F, Bao L, Lin Z, Wei X, Qian W, Shi X, Su C, Qian Y. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the anti-oxidation and immune boosting effects of mulberry leaves in growing mutton sheep. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1088850. [PMID: 36936474 PMCID: PMC10015891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, the anti-oxidation of active ingredients in mulberry leaves (MLs) and their forage utilization is receiving increasing attention. Here, we propose that MLs supplementation improves oxidative resistance and immunity. Methods We conducted a trial including three groups of growing mutton sheep, each receiving fermented mulberry leaves (FMLs) feeding, dried mulberry leaves (DMLs) feeding or normal control feeding without MLs. Results Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that promoting anti-oxidation and enhancing disease resistance of MLs is attributed to improved tryptophan metabolic pathways and reduced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Furthermore, immunity was markedly increased after FMLs treatment by regulating glycolysis and mannose-6-phosphate pathways. Additionally, there was better average daily gain in the MLs treatment groups. Conclusion These findings provide new insights for understanding the beneficial effects of MLs in animal husbandry and provide a theoretical support for extensive application of MLs in improving nutrition and health care values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Su
- *Correspondence: Chao Su, ; Yonghua Qian,
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12
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Dai P, Tang Z, Ruan P, Bajinka O, Liu D, Tan Y. Gimap5 Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth by Interacting With M6PR. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699847. [PMID: 34604035 PMCID: PMC8479171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Several studies have demonstrated the impacts of GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) on malignant cells. However, the mechanisms through which Gimap5 regulates lung cancer cells are yet to be thoroughly investigated in the literature. Our study aimed to investigate the function of Gimap5 in the development of lung cancer. Methods The expression levels of the GIMAP family were analyzed in lung cancer patients of various cancer databases and lung cancer cell lines. After the survival rates of the cells were analyzed, we constructed Gimap5 over-expressed lung cancer cell lines and assessed the effects of Gimap5 on cell migration, cell invasion, cell proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We later screened the interacting proteins of Gimap5 using Co-IP combined with mass spectrometry and then analyzed the expression and distribution of M6PR, including its impacts on protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (PADI4). Results Findings indicated that GIMAP family expression decreased significantly in lung cancer cell lines. We also noticed that the downregulation of the GIMAP family was related to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Our experimental results showed that Gimap5 could inhibit the migration, invasion, proliferation and EMT of lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that Gimap5 promoted the transport of M6PR from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane, thereby inhibiting the enhancement of EMT-related PADI4. Conclusion Our research suggested that Gimap5 could inhibit the growth of lung cancer by interacting with M6PR and that it could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinglang Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Yu L, Feng R, Zhu L, Hao Q, Chu J, Gu Y, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Chen H. Promoting the activation of T cells with glycopolymer-modified dendritic cells by enhancing cell interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb6595. [PMID: 33219021 PMCID: PMC7679162 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) modification to enhance antigen presentation is a valuable strategy in cancer immune therapy. Other than focusing on regulating interactions between DC and antigens, we intend to promote cell interactions between DC and T cell by cell surface engineering. T cell activation is greatly improved and generates higher tumor toxicity with the aid of the synthetic glycopolymer modified on the DC surface, although the glycopolymer alone shows no effect. The great promotion of DC-T cell attraction is revealed by cell image tracking in terms of both frequency and duration of contacts. Our findings provide a new method of T cell activation by these engineered "sweet DCs." This strategy is beneficial for developing more efficient DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Feng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Hao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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14
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Lin Y, Wang X, Rose KP, Dai M, Han J, Xin M, Pan D. miR-143 Regulates Lysosomal Enzyme Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Transforms CNS Treatment for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2161-2176. [PMID: 32610100 PMCID: PMC7544978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain maturation, cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR), a key transporter for lysosomal hydrolases, decreases significantly on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such a phenomenon leads to poor brain penetration of therapeutic enzymes and subsequent failure in reversing neurological complications in patients with neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases (nLSDs), such as Hurler syndrome (severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I [MPS I]). In this study, we discover that upregulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) contributes to the decline of CI-MPR on the BBB during development. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that miR-143 inhibits CI-MPR expression and its transport function in human endothelial cells in vitro. Genetic removal of miR-143 in MPS I mice enhances CI-MPR expression and improves enzyme transport across the BBB, leading to brain metabolic correction, pathology normalization, and correction of neurological functional deficits 5 months after peripheral protein delivery at clinically relevant levels that derived from erythroid/megakaryocytic cells via hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy, when otherwise no improvement was observed in MPS I mice at a parallel setting. These studies not only uncover a novel role of miR-143 as an important modulator for the developmental decline of CI-MPR on the BBB, but they also demonstrate the functional significance of depleting miR-143 for "rescuing" BBB-anchored CI-MPR on advancing CNS treatment for nLSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Kevin P Rose
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Mei Dai
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Jingfen Han
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dao Pan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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15
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Exocytosis of Progeny Infectious Varicella-Zoster Virus Particles via a Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor Pathway without Xenophagy following Secondary Envelopment. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00800-20. [PMID: 32493818 PMCID: PMC7394889 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00800-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on the egress of different herpesviruses after secondary envelopment is contradictory. In this report, we investigated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) egress in a cell line from a child with Pompe disease, a glycogen storage disease caused by a defect in the enzyme required for glycogen digestion. In Pompe cells, both the late autophagy pathway and the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) pathway are interrupted. We have postulated that intact autophagic flux is required for higher recoveries of VZV infectivity. To test that hypothesis, we infected Pompe cells and then assessed the VZV infectious cycle. We discovered that the infectious cycle in Pompe cells was remarkably different from that of either fibroblasts or melanoma cells. No large late endosomes filled with VZV particles were observed in Pompe cells; only individual viral particles in small vacuoles were seen. The distribution of the M6PR pathway (trans-Golgi network to late endosomes) was constrained in infected Pompe cells. When cells were analyzed with two different anti-M6PR antibodies, extensive colocalization of the major VZV glycoprotein gE (known to contain M6P residues) and the M6P receptor (M6PR) was documented in the viral highways at the surfaces of non-Pompe cells after maximum-intensity projection of confocal z-stacks, but neither gE nor the M6PR was seen in abundance at the surfaces of infected Pompe cells. Taken together, our results suggested that (i) Pompe cells lack a VZV trafficking pathway within M6PR-positive large endosomes and (ii) most infectious VZV particles in conventional cell substrates are transported via large M6PR-positive vacuoles without degradative xenophagy to the plasma membrane.IMPORTANCE The long-term goal of this research has been to determine why VZV, when grown in cultured cells, invariably is more cell associated and has a lower titer than other alphaherpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) or pseudorabies virus (PRV). Data from both HSV1 and PRV laboratories have identified a Rab6 secretory pathway for the transport of single enveloped viral particles from the trans-Golgi network within small vacuoles to the plasma membrane. In contrast, after secondary envelopment in fibroblasts or melanoma cells, multiple infectious VZV particles accumulated within large M6PR-positive late endosomes that were not degraded en route to the plasma membrane. We propose that this M6PR pathway is most utilized in VZV infection and least utilized in HSV1 infection, with PRV's usage being closer to HSV1's usage. Supportive data from other VZV, PRV, and HSV1 laboratories about evidence for two egress pathways are included.
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16
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Shen C, Christensen L, Bak S, Christensen N, Kragh K. Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives that have been developed to improve gut health, immunity and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study evaluated the immune modulating effects of a thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the intestinal system of poultry in vitro, using two chicken cell lines, LMH (liver cell line) which has been used to mimic epithelial cell responses, and HD-11 (monocyte/macrophage-like). Cells with high viability (>95%) from established cell lines were cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. The viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and phagocytic capacity of co-cultured LMH cells, with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was subsequently evaluated. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and pattern recognition receptors by HD-11 monocytes/macrophages was measured by RT-PCR and by proteomic analysis. TCB was well tolerated by both cell lines (cell viability >90% after co-culture with TCB at 100 ng/ml for 48 h with or without LPS). Epithelial integrity of LMH cells (as assessed by TEER) was increased by TCB (10 ng/ml) after 4 h incubation, versus untreated controls, and phagocytic capacity of HD-11 cells was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In HD-11 cells, TCB (10 ng/ml) downregulated the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the transcription factor cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10, versus untreated controls (P<0.05). In summary, under the tested conditions, TCB enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity of poultry hepatocytes, increased phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. These results indicated how supplementing TCB in poultry diets can increase bird performance, by increasing in vivo cell membrane integrity (especially important in the gut) and assisting in immune responses, which can liberate energy for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Shen
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - L.G. Christensen
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - S.Y. Bak
- Advanced Analysis, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - N. Christensen
- Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - K. Kragh
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
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Abstract
Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) is involved in many metabolic pathways in life, and it has important applications in the treatment of diseases. This study explored a cost-effective enzyme catalytic synthesis method of M6P, using polyphosphate-dependent mannose kinase from Arthrobacter species. This synthesis uses polyphosphate to replace expensive ATP, and it is greener and safer than chemical synthesis. This study investigated the effects of key factors such as metal ions, temperature, and substrate addition on this enzymatic reaction, and improved the conversion efficiency. We moreover take advantage of the response surface method to explore the best catalytic conditions synthetically. The conversion was 99.17% successful under the optimal reaction conditions. After a series of optimizations, we carried out a 200 mL scale-up experiment, which proved that the method has good prospects for industrial applications.
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