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Juul-Madsen K, Parbo P, Ismail R, Ovesen PL, Schmidt V, Madsen LS, Thyrsted J, Gierl S, Breum M, Larsen A, Andersen MN, Romero-Ramos M, Holm CK, Andersen GR, Zhao H, Schuck P, Nygaard JV, Sutherland DS, Eskildsen SF, Willnow TE, Brooks DJ, Vorup-Jensen T. Amyloid-β aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1224. [PMID: 38336934 PMCID: PMC10858199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system is important in neurodegenerative diseases, both in protecting and inflaming the brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alzheimer's Disease is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, we report the presence of large Aβ aggregates in plasma from patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 38). The aggregates are associated with low level Alzheimer's Disease-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes. We characterize complement receptor 4 as a strong binder of amyloids and show Aβ aggregates are preferentially phagocytosed and stimulate lysosomal activity through this receptor in stem cell-derived microglia. KIM127 integrin activation in monocytes promotes size selective phagocytosis of Aβ. Hydrodynamic calculations suggest Aβ aggregates associate with vessel walls of the cortical capillaries. In turn, we hypothesize aggregates may provide an adhesion substrate for recruiting CD18-rich monocytes into the cortex. Our results support a role for complement receptor 4 in regulating amyloid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear medicine and PET, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Peter L Ovesen
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasse S Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sarah Gierl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mihaela Breum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jens V Nygaard
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 D, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Liu X, Liu ZX, Morgan TR, Norden-Krichmar TM. Single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicates impaired immune and inflammatory responses in alcohol-associated hepatitis. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110735. [PMID: 38040543 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and severe AH usually carries poor prognosis and high short-term mortality. In addition, it is challenging to understand the molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation and inflammation in AH due to the cellular complexity and heterogeneity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, previous studies found that AH causes dysfunctional innate immune response in monocytes, involving activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokine signaling pathways. To better understand the coordinated systemic immune response in AH patients, we performed combined single-cell transcriptome, cell-surface protein, and lymphocyte antigen receptor analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples. Our results showed inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were highly expressed in AH, including IL-2, IL-32, CXC3R1 and CXCL16 in monocytes and NK cells, whereas HLA-DR genes were reduced in monocytes. In addition, we also found altered differentiation of T-helper cells (TH1 and TH17), which could further lead to neutrophil recruitment and macrophage activation. Lastly, our results also suggest impaired NK-cell activation and differentiation in AH with reduced gene expression of KLRC2 and increased gene expression of KLRG1. Our findings indicate different mechanisms may be involved in impaired immune and inflammatory responses for the cellular subtypes of the PBMCs in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Morgan
- Medicine and Research Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Siekacz K, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Pietrusińska M, Bartczak K, Majewski S, Stańczyk A, Piotrowski WJ, Białas AJ. Soluble ITGaM and ITGb2 Integrin Subunits Are Involved in Long-Term Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010342. [PMID: 36615143 PMCID: PMC9821073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The role of soluble integrins in post-COVID-19 complications is unclear, especially in long-term pulmonary lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between soluble ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits and long COVID-19 pulmonary complications. (2) Methodology: Post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled. According to the evidence of persistent interstitial lung lesions on CT, patients were divided into a long-term pulmonary complications group (P(+)) and a control group without long-term pulmonary complications (P(-)). We randomly selected 80 patients for further investigation (40 subjects for each group). Levels of ITGa2, ITGaM and ITGb2 integrin subunits were determined by ELISA assay. (3) Results: The serum concentration of sITGaM and sITGb2 were significantly higher in the P(+) group (sITGaM 18.63 ng/mL [IQR 14.17-28.83] vs. 14.75 ng/mL [IQR 10.91-20] p = 0.01 and sITGb2 10.55 ng/mL [IQR 6.53-15.83] vs. 6.34 ng/mL [IQR 4.98-9.68] p = 0.002). We observed a statistically significant correlation between sITGaM and sITGb2 elevation in the P(+) group (R = 0.42; p = 0.01). Patients from the P(+) group had a lower (1.82 +/-0.84 G/L) lymphocyte level than the P(-)group (2.28 +/-0.79 G/L), p = 0.03. Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation in the P(-) group between blood lymphocyte count and sITGb2 integrin subunit levels (R = -0.49 p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of sITGaM and sITGb2 were associated with long-term pulmonary complications in post-COVID-19 patients. Both sITGaM and sITGb2 may be promising biomarkers for predicting pulmonary complications and could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Siekacz
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Krystian Bartczak
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Stańczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adam J. Białas
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Regional Medical Center for Lung Diseases and Rehabilitation, 91-520 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Rasmussen EB, Eriksen LL, Greisen SR, Hansen AL, Carstensen M, Sandahl TD, Støy S, Kragstrup TW. Diminished Non-Classical Monocytes in the Blood Associate with Disease Severity in Alcoholic Hepatitis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:259-267. [PMID: 34135614 PMCID: PMC8200175 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s299775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) holds a high mortality, and vast macrophage infiltration of the liver is involved in the progressive liver injury. No efficient medical treatment exists, and macrophages may be a future treatment target. Here, we examine associations between non-classical monocyte subsets and cell surface markers of migration with disease activity in patients with severe AH. Methods We analyzed samples from two cohorts of patients with AH. Cohort 1 included 15 AH patients, followed for 30 days, and 8 healthy controls (HCs). Cohort 2 included 23 AH patients, followed for 90 days, and 9 HCs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both cohorts were analyzed by flow cytometry. Liver biopsies from cohort 2 were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Results Circulating non-classical monocytes in all but absent in patients with AH compared to HC in both cohorts (both p<0.0001). The frequency of non-classical monocytes was significantly associated with Maddrey’s discriminant function (mDF) (r=−0.79, p=0.0008, cohort 1), Child–Pugh score (CP) (r=−0.56, p=0.03, cohort 1), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (r=−0.54, p=0.02, cohort 2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=−0.51, p=0.027, cohort 2). The surface expression of CD11b was increased on non-classical monocytes in patients with AH compared to HC (p<0.0001) (cohort 1). The mRNA expression of CD11b was increased in liver biopsies in patients with AH compared to HC (cohort 2) (p<0.0001). Conclusion In this study, we describe an almost complete depletion of circulating non-classical monocytes in the blood in two independent cohorts of patients with AH, which may be associated with a possible harmful recruitment of these cells to the liver. These results contribute to a better understanding of the disease, which hopefully can lead to therapies that target the acute inflammatory response leading to severe AH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidsel Støy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Diagnostic Center, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Abstract
Cirrhosis is a multisystemic disease wherein inflammatory responses originating from advanced liver disease and its sequelae affect distant compartments. Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to bacterial infections, which may precipitate acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure, both of which are associated with high short-term mortality. Innate immune cells are an essential first line of defence against pathogens. Activation of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) and resident mastocytes generate proinflammatory and vaso-permeating mediators that induce accumulation of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes in the liver, and promote tissue damage. During cirrhosis progression, damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate immune cells and promote development of systemic inflammatory responses which may involve different tissues and compartments. The antibacterial function of circulating neutrophils and monocytes is gradually and severely impaired as cirrhosis worsens, contributing to disease progression. The mechanisms underlying impaired antimicrobial responses are complex and incompletely understood. This review focuses on the continuous and distinct perturbations arising in innate immune cells during cirrhosis, including their impact on disease progression, as well as reviewing potential therapeutic targets.
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Juul-Madsen K, Qvist P, Bendtsen KL, Langkilde AE, Vestergaard B, Howard KA, Dehesa-Etxebeste M, Paludan SR, Andersen GR, Jensen PH, Otzen DE, Romero-Ramos M, Vorup-Jensen T. Size-Selective Phagocytic Clearance of Fibrillar α-Synuclein through Conformational Activation of Complement Receptor 4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1345-1361. [PMID: 31969389 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSN) is an important histological feature of Parkinson disease. Recent studies showed that the release of misfolded αSN from human and rodent neurons is relevant to the progression and spread of αSN pathology. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms responsible for clearance of extracellular αSN. This study found that human complement receptor (CR) 4 selectively bound fibrillar αSN, but not monomeric species. αSN is an abundant protein in the CNS, which potentially could overwhelm clearance of cytotoxic αSN species. The selectivity of CR4 toward binding fibrillar αSN consequently adds an important αSN receptor function for maintenance of brain homeostasis. Based on the recently solved structures of αSN fibrils and the known ligand preference of CR4, we hypothesize that the parallel monomer stacking in fibrillar αSN creates a known danger-associated molecular pattern of stretches of anionic side chains strongly bound by CR4. Conformational change in the receptor regulated tightly clearance of fibrillar αSN by human monocytes. The induced change coupled concomitantly with phagolysosome formation. Data mining of the brain transcriptome in Parkinson disease patients supported CR4 as an active αSN clearance mechanism in this disease. Our results associate an important part of the innate immune system, namely complement receptors, with the central molecular mechanisms of CNS protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kirstine L Bendtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Annette E Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martxel Dehesa-Etxebeste
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and.,NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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