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Suominen K, Åvall-Jääskeläinen S, Sallinen I, Virtala AM, Koort J. Emergence of Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi in oral cavities of newborn puppies, a pilot study. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:26. [PMID: 38956712 PMCID: PMC11218291 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi are commensal bacteria in the oral cavities of dogs. Both are zoonotic pathogens that could infect humans via dog bites. C. canimorsus may cause life-threatening infections in humans, whereas C. cynodegmi infections tend to be milder and more localized. Capsular serovars A-C of C. canimorsus seem to be virulence-associated. Some of the C. canimorsus serovars described to date can also be detected in other Capnocytophaga species, including C. cynodegmi. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the emergence of C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi after birth in oral cavities of puppies and to evaluate the impact of the dam's Capnocytophaga spp. carrier status on the emergence. Ten litters, altogether 59 puppies, were included in the study. The puppies and their dams were sampled at five time points over seven weeks after whelping. Oral swab samples taken were investigated for the presence of C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the specificity of which was verified by sequencing a selection of the PCR products. Samples that were positive in Capnocytophaga PCR reactions were also capsular-typed by PCR to gain more knowledge about the Capnocytophaga spp. present in the samples. Altogether 10.2% and 11.9% of puppies, or 20.0% and 30.0% of litters tested PCR-positive for C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi, respectively. Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppy samples were always positive for only C. cynodegmi or C. canimorsus, not both. Most Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppies became positive at the age of 5 to 7 weeks. Only a minority (5/16) of the C. cynodegmi PCR-positive dog samples were positive in capsular typing PCR, whereas all C. canimorsus PCR-positive dog samples were negative in capsular typing PCR. For all Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppies, their dam was positive for the same Capnocytophaga species. These results suggest that puppies become colonized by C. cynodegmi or C. canimorsus from their dams at the time of deciduous teeth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Suominen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Åvall-Jääskeläinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inka Sallinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Espoo Animal Hospital, IVC Evidensia, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Virtala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Koort
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Horiuchi H, Suzuki M, Imaoka K, Hayakawa S, Niida S, Okano H, Otsuka T, Miyazaki H, Furuya R. Non-severe Serovar Type E Capnocytophaga canimorsus Infection in a Post-splenectomy Male: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e37630. [PMID: 37200665 PMCID: PMC10186175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus (CP) causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. Three serovars (A, B, and C) are known to be responsible for more than 90% of infections associated with dog bites, although these three constitute only 8% of the serovars carried by dogs. We experienced a post-splenectomy non-severe case of CP withserovar type E, which has never been isolated in Japan. The prognosis of type E CP infections may be better than that of types A, B, and C infections because of the disproportion of serovars between clinical human isolates and dog oral isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Syo Hayakawa
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Shoko Niida
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
| | - Ryosuke Furuya
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama City, JPN
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Fernández Vecilla D, Aspichueta Vivanco C, Angulo López I, Baraia-Etxaburu Artetxe JM, Renzi F, Díaz de Tuesta del Arco JL. A case of septic arthritis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an HIV patient. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000368. [PMID: 36004364 PMCID: PMC9394666 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a Gram-negative rod found in the oral cavity of healthy dogs and cats, are rare but they are increasing worldwide. We report a case of septic arthritis in a native knee joint due to this micro-organism. A 57-year-old man, with a well-controlled chronic HIV infection, attended the Emergency Department because of left knee pain and shivering without measured fever. A knee arthrocentesis and a computed tomography scan were performed, revealing septic arthritis with collections in the left leg posterior musculature. He was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department for antibiotic treatment. Initial synovial fluid was inoculated in blood culture bottles, and the anaerobic one was positive after 63 h. Gram stain revealed fusiform Gram-negative rods, identified as C. canimorsus by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) directly from the bottle. Identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyping was performed by PCR, with serovar A as the outcome. Due to an unfavourable clinical course, the patient required two surgical cleanings and after appropriate antibiotic treatment he was discharged 2 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Itziar Angulo López
- Basurto University Hospital, Avenida Montevideo n°18, 48013, Bilbao (Vizcaya), Spain
| | | | - Francesco Renzi
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Fernández Vecilla D, Calvo Muro FE, Renzi F, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. [Sepsis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an immunocompetent patient]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2022; 35:304-306. [PMID: 35468716 PMCID: PMC9134879 DOI: 10.37201/req/006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández Vecilla
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla, Basurto University Hospital. 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao (Vizcaya). Spain.
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Capnocytophaga canis, una causa poco común de infección causada por gatos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fernández Vecilla D, Ugalde Zarraga E, Urrutikoechea-Gutiérrez MJ, Renzi F, Díaz de Tuesta del Arco JL. Cellulitis and transient bacteremia by Capnocytophaga canis after a cat scratch in an immunocompetent patient. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000352. [PMID: 36003357 PMCID: PMC9394537 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canis is still a rare cause of infection. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient admited in the hospital with functional impotence, pain and erythema in his left leg after suffering two scratches from his cat 48 h ago. After obtaining blood and wound cultures, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with intravenous amoxicillin clavulanate was initiated. After 1 day and with a clear improvement of the symptoms the patient was discharged from the hospital with cellulitis and transient bacteremia as diagnosis and completing 1 week of antimicrobial therapy orally. After 80 and 92 h of incubation, both anaerobic flasks were positive. In the Gram-stain Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria could be observed. Despite subculturing in brucella blood agar, tripticase soy agar with 5 % of sheep blood and chocolate agar, in both anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions, the strain could not be recovered. However, these Gram-negative rods could be identified as C. canis by 16S rRNA sequencing, Capsular typing was performed to study the strain, but none of the studied capsule-types tested positive. C. canis is still a rare cause of human infection, but it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infections related to bites, scratches and licks from dogs or cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Renzi
- University of Namur, Department of Biology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Farias LABG, Stolp ÂMV, Bandeira SP, Mesquita RF, Bessa PPDN, de Holanda PEL, Costa SF, Takeda CFV, Perdigão LV. Meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a COVID-19 patient: a rare complication of dog bites. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e33. [PMID: 35544911 PMCID: PMC9084465 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative rod that is part of the commensal microbiota of dogs' and cats' mouths. In this case, we report an 85-year-old man with COVID-19 who had his right arm bitten by a dog. His symptoms were impaired consciousness, agitation and aggressive behavior. Physical examination revealed neck stiffness and Brudzinski's sign. The cerebrospinal fluid culture was compatible with Capnocytophaga canimorsus. He required intensive care and received a 14-day prescription of meropenem. After 40 days of hospitalization, the patient was fully recovered and was discharged. This case highlights the importance of physician and microbiologist be awareness of this disease, mainly in patients with neurological symptoms after a dog or cat bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Programa de Residência Médica em Infectologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Veras Stolp
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Ceará, Setor de Microbiologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christianne Fernandes Valente Takeda
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Programa de Residência Médica em Infectologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lauro Vieira Perdigão
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dogs: A Man’s Best Friend or a Deadly Beast—A Discussion on Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Case Rep Orthop 2022; 2022:7228214. [PMID: 35496948 PMCID: PMC9054472 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7228214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a catalase-positive and oxidase-positive gram-negative bacillus commonly found in dog saliva that is a rare cause of infection in immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with Waldenström macroglobulinemia treated with ibrutinib and a history of bilateral shoulder arthroplasty and bilateral knee arthroplasty who reported a 1-year history of multi-joint pain and swelling. The patient resides with two pet dogs that often scratch and bite, penetrating the skin, and on culture was found to have Capnocytophaga canimorsus.
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Donner V, Buzzi M, Lazarevic V, Gaïa N, Girard M, Renzi F, Renzi G, Cherkaoui A, Schrenzel J. Septic shock caused by Capnocytophaga canis after a cat scratch. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1993-1995. [PMID: 32447536 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canis is an uncommon cause of septic shock. Only three cases have been previously reported in the literature. In this article, we describe the case of a 70-year-old male admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock of unknown origin. On day 2, one anaerobic bottle out of the two sets taken at admission turned positive with Gram-negative bacilli. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene as C. canis. The strain was characterized and compared with other clinical isolates of Capnocytophaga spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Donner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Buzzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Renzi
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalam Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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