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Analysis of the glass effect and Trommsdorff effect during bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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2
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Yoo K, Lee GS, Lee HW, Kim BS, Kim JG. Mechanochemical solid-state vinyl polymerization with anionic initiator. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:413-424. [PMID: 36124991 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has been extended to various polymer syntheses to achieve efficiency, greenness, and new products. However, many fundamental polymerization reactions have not been explored, although anionic polymerization of vinyl compounds has been pursued under mechanochemical conditions. Two solid monomers, 4-biphenyl methacrylate and 4-vinyl biphenyl, representing methacrylate and styrenic classes, respectively, were reacted with secondary butyl lithium under high-speed ball-milling. The alkyl-anion-promoted polymerization process was established by excluding radical initiation and producing the expected polymers with good efficiency. However, the generally expected features of anionic polymerization, such as molecular weight control and narrow dispersity, were not observed. Analysis of the milling parameters, reaction monitoring, and microstructural analysis revealed that the mechanism of the mechanochemical process differs from that of conventional anionic polymerizations. The mechanical force fractured the newly formed polymer chains via anionic initiation and generated macroradicals, which participated in the polymerization process. The anionic process governs the initiation step and the radical process becomes dominant during the propagation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gue Seon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Suzuki Y, Onozato S, Shinagawa Y, Matsumoto A. Microporous Structure Formation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation in the Presence of Poly(ethylene glycol). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38933-38941. [PMID: 36340152 PMCID: PMC9631874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nano- or micro-structured polymeric materials have huge potential as advanced materials. However, most of the current fabricating methods have limitations either in cost or in size. Here, we investigate the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). We found that phase separation occurs during bulk polymerization. After removal of PEG via sonication, microscopic structures of poly(methyl methacrylate), including porous structures, co-continuous monolith structures, or particle aggregation structures, are formed. These structures can be controlled by the amount of PEG added and the reaction temperature. The results are summarized in phase diagrams. The addition of PEG significantly affects the reaction kinetics. Phase separation is coupled with the reaction acceleration known as the Trommsdorff effect. As a result, the reaction completes in a shorter time when the PEG amount is higher. We demonstrate surface coating to fabricate an amphiphobic surface, repelling both water and oil. The methods presented here have the potential to fabricate microscopic structures in large areas cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shodai Onozato
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinagawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Kamiyama Y, Tamate R, Hiroi T, Samitsu S, Fujii K, Ueki T. Highly stretchable and self-healable polymer gels from physical entanglements of ultrahigh-molecular weight polymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0226. [PMID: 36260682 PMCID: PMC9581473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and self-healing polymer gels formed solely by physical entanglements of ultrahigh-molecular weight (UHMW) polymers were fabricated through a facile one-step process. Radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in ionic liquids under very low initiator concentration conditions produced UHMW polymers of more than 106 g/mol with nearly 100% yield, resulting in the formation of physically entangled transparent polymer gels. The UHMW gels showed excellent properties, such as high stretchability, high ionic conductivity, and recyclability. Furthermore, the UHMW gel exhibited room temperature self-healing ability without any external stimuli. The tensile experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the nonequilibrium state of the fractured surfaces and microscopic interactions between the polymer chains and solvents play a vital role in the self-healing ability. This study provides a physical approach for fabricating stretchable and self-healing polymer gels based on UHMW polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kamiyama
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Corresponding author. (R.T.); (T.U.)
| | - Takashi Hiroi
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sadaki Samitsu
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujii
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Corresponding author. (R.T.); (T.U.)
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Gao Z, Wang Z, Liu Z, Fu L, Li X, Eling B, Pöselt E, Schander E, Wang Z. Hard block length distribution of thermoplastic polyurethane determined by polymerization-induced phase separation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Mishima R, Matsumoto A. Bulk polymerization kinetics of methyl methacrylate at broad temperature range investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mishima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka Japan
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Monaghan OR, Skowron ST, Moore JC, Pin-Nó M, Kortsen K, Atkinson RL, Krumins E, Lentz JC, Machado F, Onat Z, Brookfield A, Collison D, Khlobystov AN, De Focatiis D, Irvine DJ, Taresco V, Stockman RA, Howdle SM. A self-crosslinking monomer, α-pinene methacrylate: understanding and exploiting hydrogen abstraction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational/experimental approach has been applied to investigate the self-crosslinking of α-pinene methacrylate via chain transfer through hydrogen abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Monaghan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen T. Skowron
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - María Pin-Nó
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristoffer Kortsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel L. Atkinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eduards Krumins
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joachim C. Lentz
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fabricio Machado
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Zeynep Onat
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Davide De Focatiis
- Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert A. Stockman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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Suzuki Y, Shinagawa Y, Kato E, Mishima R, Fukao K, Matsumoto A. Polymerization-Induced Vitrification and Kinetic Heterogenization at the Onset of the Trommsdorff Effect. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eri Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mishima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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10
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Catalytic Activity of Hybrid Iron Oxide Silver Nanoparticles in Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges in the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is to develop new catalytic systems with improved efficiency. A hybrid iron oxide silver catalyst holds promise in solving this issue. Catalysts were prepared at room temperature by a two-step technique. First, iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of FeCl3 using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature. Second, magnetic nanoparticles doped with a series of Ag nanoparticles (Ag, Ag/3 –amino propyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and Ag/poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)). The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The catalytic activity of Fe, Ag/Fe, PEI–Ag/Fe, and APTES–Ag/Fe in methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization was investigated in the presence of O2, N2, NaHSO3, and benzoyl peroxide in bulk or solution conditions. The produced polymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR). The structures of PEI–Ag/Fe and APTES–Ag/Fe are assumed. The conversion efficiency was 100%, 100%, 97.6%, and 99.1% using Fe, Ag/Fe, PEI–Ag/Fe, and APTES–Ag/Fe catalysts at the optimum conditions, respectively. Hybrid iron oxide silver nanoparticles are promising catalysts for PMMA preparation.
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