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Sasaki Y, Nishizawa Y, Watanabe T, Kureha T, Uenishi K, Nakazono K, Takata T, Suzuki D. Nanoparticle-Based Tough Polymers with Crack-Propagation Resistance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37327130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although thin elastomer films of polymer nanoparticles are regarded as environmentally friendly materials, the low mechanical strength of the films limits their use in various applications. In the present study, we investigated the fracture resistance of latex films composed of acrylic nanoparticles where a small quantity of a rotaxane crosslinker was introduced. In contrast to conventional nanoparticle-based elastomers, the latex films composed of the rotaxane-crosslinked nanoparticles exhibited unusual crack propagation behavior; the direction of crack propagation changed from a direction parallel to the crack to one perpendicular to the crack, resulting in an increase in tear resistance. These findings will help to broaden the scope of design of new types of tough polymers composed of environmentally friendly polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sasaki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takuma Kureha
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuya Uenishi
- Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nakazono
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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Wang L, Wang Q, Rosqvist E, Smått JH, Yong Q, Lassila L, Peltonen J, Rosenau T, Toivakka M, Willför S, Eklund P, Xu C, Wang X. Template-Directed Polymerization of Binary Acrylate Monomers on Surface-Activated Lignin Nanoparticles in Toughening of Bio-Latex Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207085. [PMID: 36919307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating bio-latex colloids with core-shell nanostructure is an effective method for obtaining films with enhanced mechanical characteristics. Nano-sized lignin is rising as a class of sustainable nanomaterials that can be incorporated into latex colloids. Fundamental knowledge of the correlation between surface chemistry of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and integration efficiency in latex colloids and from it thermally processed latex films are scarce. Here, an approach to integrate self-assembled nanospheres of allylated lignin as the surface-activated cores in a seeded free-radical emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate is proposed. The interfacial-modulating function on allylated LNPs regulates the emulsion polymerization and it successfully produces a multi-energy dissipative latex film structure containing a lignin-dominated core (16% dry weight basis). At an optimized allyl-terminated surface functionality of 1.04 mmol g-1 , the LNPs-integrated latex film exhibits extremely high toughness value above 57.7 MJ m-3 . With multiple morphological and microstructural characterizations, the well-ordered packing of latex colloids under the nanoconfinement of LNPs in the latex films is revealed. It is concluded that the surface chemistry metrics of colloidal cores in terms of the abundance of polymerization-modulating anchors and their accessibility have a delicate control over the structural evolution of core-shell latex colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Emil Rosqvist
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jan-Henrik Smått
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Qiwen Yong
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4b, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU University), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, AT-3430, Austria
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Patrik Eklund
- Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
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Sasaki Y, Hiroshige S, Takizawa M, Nishizawa Y, Uchihashi T, Minato H, Suzuki D. Non-close-packed arrangement of soft elastomer microspheres on solid substrates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14562-14567. [PMID: 35423970 PMCID: PMC8697830 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike rigid microparticles, soft and deformable elastomer (rubber) microspheres were found to exhibit a non-close-packed arrangement on solid substrates after the evaporation of water from their dispersions. The microscopic observation revealed that individual microspheres are ordered in regular intervals at the air/water interface of a sessile droplet and remain fixed on the substrate without being affected by the capillary forces during evaporation due to their deformability. Moreover, using the Langmuir-Blodgett method, thin films of non-close-packed structures could be successfully generated over large areas. Our findings may potentially help to control the arranged structures of elastomer microspheres, which can be expected to improve the nano-science and technology for the precise control for e.g. surface patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sasaki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Seina Hiroshige
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Masaya Takizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics, Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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León-Boigues L, Pérez LA, Mijangos C. In Situ Synthesis of Poly(butyl methacrylate) in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanoreactors by Radical Polymerization: A Comparative Kinetics Analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and 1H-NMR. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040602. [PMID: 33671387 PMCID: PMC7923008 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explore the ability to generate well-defined poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) nanostructures by “in situ” polymerization of butyl methacrylate monomer (BMA). PBMA nanostructures of high and low aspect ratios have been successfully obtained through the free radical polymerization (FRP) of a BMA monomer in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoreactors of suitable size. A polymerization kinetics process has been followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR).The determination of the kinetics of polymerization through DSC is based on a quick and direct analysis of the exothermic polymerization process, whereas the analysis through 1H-NMR also allows the unambiguous chemical analysis of the resulting polymer. When compared to bulk polymerization, both techniques demonstrate confinement effects. Moreover, DSC and 1H-NMR analysis give the same kinetics results and show a gel-effect in all the cases. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the PBMA obtained in AAO of 60–300 nm are between 30·103–175·103 g/mol. Even if the Mn value is lower with respect to that obtained in bulk polymerization, it is high enough to maintain the polymer properties. As determined by SEM morphological characterization, once extracted from the AAO nanoreactor, the polymer nanostructures show controlled homogeneous aspect/size all throughout the length of nanopillar over a surface area of few cm2. The Young’s modulus of low aspect ratio PBMA nanopillars determined by AFM gives a value of 3.1 ± 1.1 MPa. In this work, a 100% of PBMA polymer nanostructures are obtained from a BMA monomer in AAO templates through a quick double process: 30 min of monomer immersion at room temperature and 90 min of polymerization reaction at 60 °C. While the same nanostructures are obtained by polymer infiltration of PBMA at 200 °C in about 6 h, polymerization conditions are much softer than those corresponding to the polymer infiltration process. Furthermore, the 1H-NMR technique has been consolidated as a tool for studying the kinetics of the copolymerization reactions in confinement and the determination of monomer reactivity ratios.
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