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Di Ludovico A, La Bella S, Ciarelli F, Chiarelli F, Breda L, Mohn A. Skeletal muscle as a pro- and anti-inflammatory tissue: insights from children to adults and ultrasound findings. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5. [PMID: 38907089 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously regarded as a movement and posture control agent, the skeletal muscle is now recognized as an endocrine organ that may affect systemic inflammation and metabolic health. The discovery of myokines such as IL-6, released from skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, is now one of the most recent insights. Myokines are the mediators of the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This underscores the muscle function as a determinant of good health and prevention of diseases. Advances in ultrasound technology improved evaluation of muscle thickness, composition, and determining fat distribution. Combining imaging with molecular biology, researchers discovered the complicated interplay between muscle function, cytokine production and general health effects.The production of myokines with exercise showcasing the adaptability of muscles to high-stress conditions and contributing to metabolism and inflammation regulation. These findings have significant implications in order to provide improvement in metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Starkoff BE, Nickerson BS. Emergence of imaging technology beyond the clinical setting: Utilization of mobile health tools for at-home testing. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:518-529. [PMID: 38591753 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass. Despite their effectiveness, accessibility and cost remain barriers to widespread adoption. The integration of AI-powered image analysis may help explain tissue differentiation, whereas mobile health apps offer real-time metabolic monitoring and personalized feedback. New apps such as MeThreeSixty and Made Health and Fitness offer the advantages of clinic-based imaging techniques from the comfort of home. These innovations hold the potential for individualizing strategies and interventions, optimizing clinical outcomes, and empowering informed decision-making for both healthcare professionals and patients/clients. Navigating the intricacies of these emerging tools, critically assessing their validity and reliability, and ensuring inclusivity across diverse populations and conditions will be crucial in harnessing their full potential. By integrating advancements in body composition assessment, healthcare can move beyond the limitations of traditional methods and deliver truly personalized, data-driven care to optimize well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Starkoff
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Bondareva EA, Parfenteva OI, Troshina EA, Ershova EV, Mazurina NV, Komshilova KA, Kulemin NA, Ahmetov II. Agreement between bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound scanning in body composition assessment. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24001. [PMID: 37818870 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using ABC-02 Medas and A-mode ultrasound (AUS) using BodyMetrix™ BX2000 for fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (%BF) in females. METHODS The cross-sectional, single-center, observational study was performed in 206 female subjects aged 18-67 years. The examination program included measurements of body height and weight along with waist, hip circumferences, and body composition analysis. The measurements were performed by ultrasound scanner and bioimpedance analyzer. RESULTS We found that 20.9% of women were obese based on BMI (≥30 kg/m2), which was significantly lower when using a criterion based on body fat percentage (%BF ≥ 30%) measured with US (53.4%, p = .0056) or BIA (54.8%, p = .0051). At the group level, both methods were found interchangeable and showed practically negligible differences (0.1% for %BF, 0.5 kg for FM, and 0.4 kg for FFM). Agreement analysis conducted in the whole sample revealed a low level of agreement in estimating %BF (CCC = 0.72 0.77 0.82) and FFM (CCC = 0.81 0.84 0.86), and medium level of agreement in estimating FM (CCC = 0.91 0.93 0.94). The level of agreement in estimating %BF and FFM was improved to the medium level with the use of newly generated prediction equations. CONCLUSION Thus, the proposed equations can be used for conversion of body composition results obtained by AUS into the BIA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira A Bondareva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Parfenteva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Troshina
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Ershova
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Mazurina
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Komshilova
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Champ CE, Peluso C, Carenter DJ, Rosenberg J, Velasquez F, Annichine A, Matsko K, Hyde PN, Diaz AK, Beriwal S, Hilton C. EXERT-BC: Prospective Study of an Exercise Regimen After Treatment for Breast Cancer. Sports Med Int Open 2024; 8:a21930922. [PMID: 38312924 PMCID: PMC10832577 DOI: 10.1055/a-2193-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose EXERT-BC is a dose-escalated resistance training regimen created to improve body composition, strength, and balance in women treated for breast cancer (BC). Herein, we report the interim analysis. Women treated for BC underwent this 3-month exercise regimen in an exercise oncology facility with continual monitoring of load and strength. Twenty women completed the IRB-approved protocol, with a mean age of 57 years (range 41-74). Concurrent therapies included anti-estrogen therapy (73%), chemotherapy (14%), and radiotherapy (23%). 27% of women endorsed prior exercise. Subjects missed an average of 1.75 classes (range 0-7), with all meeting adherence over 75%. No injuries or adverse events were reported aside from muscle soreness and 2 days of knee pain. Significant differences in body composition at completion included reduced body fat (38.2% vs. 36.7%, p=0.003), and increased muscle mass (33.1% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001), functional mobility screening (9.82 vs. 11.73, p=0.018), and Y-balance (left: 72.4 vs. 85.3, p=0.001; right: 70.3 vs. 85.2. p<0.001). Significant increases in load were demonstrated: split squat (p<0.001), trap bar deadlift (p=0.035), inclined dumbbell press (p<0.001), and bird dog rows (p<0.001). Dose-escalated resistance training in women with BC is safe and feasible, endorsing significant improvements across body composition, balance, and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E. Champ
- Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network,
Pittsburgh, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh,
United States
| | - Chris Peluso
- Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network,
Pittsburgh, United States
| | - David J. Carenter
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United
States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wellstar Paulding Medical Center,
Hiram, GA
| | - Jared Rosenberg
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United
States
| | - Frank Velasquez
- Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network,
Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Adam Annichine
- Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network,
Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Krista Matsko
- Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center, Allegheny Health Network,
Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Parker N. Hyde
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega,
United States
| | - Alexander K. Diaz
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United
States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Murray-Calloway County Hospital,
Murray, KY
| | - Sushil Beriwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh,
United States
| | - Christie Hilton
- Medical Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, United
States
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Escalante G, Barakat C, Tinsley GM, Schoenfeld BJ. Nutrition, Training, Supplementation, and Performance-Enhancing Drug Practices of Male and Female Physique Athletes Peaking for Competition. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00253. [PMID: 37184967 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escalante, G, Barakat, C, Tinsley, GM, and Schoenfeld, BJ. Nutrition, training, supplementation, and performance-enhancing drug practices of male and female physique athletes peaking for competition. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-The purpose of this descriptive investigation was threefold: (a) to assess the nutrition, training, supplement, and performance-enhancement drug practices of male and female physique competitors 30 days before competition; (b) to examine the specific water and macronutrient manipulation performed by competitors during the last 3 days before competition; and (c) to assess physiological responses to precontest preparation including body composition, body fluids, resting heart rate, and blood pressure. Competitors reported performing moderately high volume, moderate to high repetition, split-body resistance training programs performed on most days of the week; the programs included the use of a variety of advanced training methods. A majority of competitors included cardio to expedite fat loss, and most reported performing cardio in a fasted state despite a lack of objective evidentiary support for the practice. Competitors substantially restricted calories and consumed protein in amounts well above research-based guidelines (>3 g·kg-1·d-1); carbohydrate and lipid intake were highly variable. Water was substantially reduced in the final 3 days before competition. Competitors used a variety of dietary supplements throughout the study period, many of which are not supported by research. Both male and female competitors reported using performance enhancing drugs (∼48 and ∼38%, respectively) including testosterone derivatives, selective androgen receptor modulators, and human growth hormone. More research is warranted to elucidate safer and more effective peak week practices for physique competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Escalante
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California
| | - Christopher Barakat
- Competitive Breed LLC, Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; and
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Using A-Mode Ultrasound to Assess the Body Composition of Soccer Players: A Comparative Study of Prediction Formulas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040690. [PMID: 36832176 PMCID: PMC9955205 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For elite athletes, monitoring body composition is important for maximizing performance without health risks. Amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound (AUS) has attracted increasing attention as an alternative to skinfold thickness measurements commonly used for assessing the amount of body fat in athletes. AUS accuracy and precision, however, depend on the formula used to predict body fat percentage (%BF) from subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses. Therefore, this study evaluates the accuracy of the 1-point biceps (B1), 9-sites Parrillo, 3-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP3), and 7-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP7) formulas. Relying on the previous validation of the JP3 formula in college-aged male athletes, we took AUS measurements in 54 professional soccer players (aged 22.9 ± 3.83 y, mean ± SD) and compared the results given by different formulas. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences (p < 10-6), and Conover's post hoc test revealed that the JP3 and JP7 data come from the same distribution, whereas the data given by B1 and P9 differ from all the others. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients for B1 vs. JP7, P9 vs. JP7, and JP3 vs. JP7 were 0.464, 0.341, and 0.909, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated mean differences of -0.5 %BF between JP3 and JP7, 4.7 %BF between P9 and JP7, and 3.1 %BF between B1 and JP7. This study suggests that JP7 and JP3 are equally valid, whereas P9 and B1 overestimate %BF in athletes.
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