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Farooqui S, Narayanan DL, Mascarenhas S, do Rosario MC, Nair KV, Periyasamy R, Shukla A. c.202_204del in NUP214 causes late onset form of febrile encephalopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63529. [PMID: 38179855 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoporins (NUPs) are a group of transporter proteins that maintain homeostasis of nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and ribonucleic acids under physiological conditions. Biallelic pathogenic variants in NUP214 are known to cause susceptibility to acute infection-induced encephalopathy-9 (IIAE9, MIM#618426), which is characterized by severe and early-onset febrile encephalopathy causing neuroregression, developmental delay, microcephaly, epilepsy, ataxia, brain atrophy, and early death. NUP214-related IIAE9 has been reported in eight individuals from four distinct families till date. We identified a novel in-frame deletion, c.202_204del p.(Leu68del), in NUP214 by exome sequencing in a 20-year-old male with episodic ataxia, seizures, and encephalopathy, precipitated by febrile illness. Neuroimaging revealed progressive cerebellar atrophy. In silico predictions show a change in the protein conformation that may alter the downstream protein interactions with the NUP214 N-terminal region, probably impacting the mRNA export. We report this novel deletion in NUP214 as a cause for a late onset and less severe form of IIAE9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Farooqui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Early Career Clinical and Public Health Research Fellow, Hyderabad, India
| | - Selinda Mascarenhas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Michelle C do Rosario
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Karthik Vijay Nair
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Periyasamy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Liu J, Xie M, Duan X, Liu F, Luo P, Liu Q. Upregulation of the Four and a Half LIM Domains 1 linked with familial venous dysplasia in a familial genetic examination. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5035-5046. [PMID: 37692954 PMCID: PMC10492050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the mutation site in a family diagnosed with venous dysplasia to identify possible pathogenic genes. METHODS A 15-year-old female presented with lower extremity venous tortuosity aggravated by ulceration. Only the young sister exhibited similar symptoms within the immediate family of the proband. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to evaluate the mutation sites and chromosome copy number variations (CNV) within the family. The possible pathogenic genes located in the region with CNVs were identified, and the expression of the possible pathogenic genes was verified via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blotting (WB) analysis. In-vitro models were used to verify the role of possible pathogenic genes linked with the development of venous dysplasia. RESULTS The high-resolution karyotype analysis of the chromosomes found no abnormalities. The results of the WGS indicated that the proband and her sister shared the CNV events, including a microdeletion on chromosomes X: 13580000-1358555000 and microduplications of chromosome X: 136055000-136290000, chromosome X: 136475000-13671000. The results of the Q-PCR and WB showed that FHL1 was highly expressed in the proband and her sister, indicating that mutations of the FHL1 may have an important role in the development of vein malformations. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that FHL1 overexpression could inhibit venous development. CONCLUSION The CNV in the Xq26 region (136054501-136288300) was found to be linked with the development of venous malformations in this family. However, further studies are required to evaluate the genetic mechanisms involved in the development of venous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingfeng Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Chinese & Western Integrative Medicine Discipline, Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment on HemangiomaNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xunhong Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fengen Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Chinese & Western Integrative Medicine Discipline, Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Chinese & Western Integrative Medicine Discipline, Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment on HemangiomaNanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Yuan B, Schulze KV, Assia Batzir N, Sinson J, Dai H, Zhu W, Bocanegra F, Fong CT, Holder J, Nguyen J, Schaaf CP, Yang Y, Bi W, Eng C, Shaw C, Lupski JR, Liu P. Sequencing individual genomes with recurrent genomic disorder deletions: an approach to characterize genes for autosomal recessive rare disease traits. Genome Med 2022; 14:113. [PMID: 36180924 PMCID: PMC9526336 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In medical genetics, discovery and characterization of disease trait contributory genes and alleles depends on genetic reasoning, study design, and patient ascertainment; we suggest a segmental haploid genetics approach to enhance gene discovery and molecular diagnostics. METHODS We constructed a genome-wide map for nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR)-mediated recurrent genomic deletions and used this map to estimate population frequencies of NAHR deletions based on large-scale population cohorts and region-specific studies. We calculated recessive disease carrier burden using high-quality pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants from ClinVar and gnomAD. We developed a NIRD (NAHR deletion Impact to Recessive Disease) score for recessive disorders by quantifying the contribution of NAHR deletion to the overall allele load that enumerated all pairwise combinations of disease-causing alleles; we used a Punnett square approach based on an assumption of random mating. Literature mining was conducted to identify all reported patients with defects in a gene with a high NIRD score; meta-analysis was performed on these patients to estimate the representation of NAHR deletions in recessive traits from contemporary human genomics studies. Retrospective analyses of extant clinical exome sequencing (cES) were performed for novel rare recessive disease trait gene and allele discovery from individuals with NAHR deletions. RESULTS We present novel genomic insights regarding the genome-wide impact of NAHR recurrent segmental variants on recessive disease burden; we demonstrate the utility of NAHR recurrent deletions to enhance discovery in the challenging context of autosomal recessive (AR) traits and biallelic variation. Computational results demonstrate new mutations mediated by NAHR, involving recurrent deletions at 30 genomic regions, likely drive recessive disease burden for over 74% of loci within these segmental deletions or at least 2% of loci genome-wide. Meta-analyses on 170 literature-reported patients implicate that NAHR deletions are depleted from the ascertained pool of AR trait alleles. Exome reanalysis of personal genomes from subjects harboring recurrent deletions uncovered new disease-contributing variants in genes including COX10, ERCC6, PRRT2, and OTUD7A. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that genomic sequencing of personal genomes with NAHR deletions could dramatically improve allele and gene discovery and enhance clinical molecular diagnosis. Moreover, results suggest NAHR events could potentially enable human haploid genetic screens as an approach to experimental inquiry into disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XHuman Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Katharina V. Schulze
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.510928.7Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nurit Assia Batzir
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jefferson Sinson
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Hongzheng Dai
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.510928.7Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wenmiao Zhu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.510928.7Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Chin-To Fong
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Jimmy Holder
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Joanne Nguyen
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christian P. Schaaf
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yaping Yang
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.510928.7Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christine Eng
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.510928.7Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX USA
| | - Chad Shaw
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XHuman Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.416975.80000 0001 2200 2638Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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Chunduri NK, Menges P, Zhang X, Wieland A, Gotsmann VL, Mardin BR, Buccitelli C, Korbel JO, Willmund F, Kschischo M, Raeschle M, Storchova Z. Systems approaches identify the consequences of monosomy in somatic human cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5576. [PMID: 34552071 PMCID: PMC8458293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome loss that results in monosomy is detrimental to viability, yet it is frequently observed in cancers. How cancers survive with monosomy is unknown. Using p53-deficient monosomic cell lines, we find that chromosome loss impairs proliferation and genomic stability. Transcriptome and proteome analysis demonstrates reduced expression of genes encoded on the monosomes, which is partially compensated in some cases. Monosomy also induces global changes in gene expression. Pathway enrichment analysis reveals that genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and translation are downregulated in all monosomic cells analyzed. Consistently, monosomies display defects in protein synthesis and ribosome assembly. We further show that monosomies are incompatible with p53 expression, likely due to defects in ribosome biogenesis. Accordingly, impaired ribosome biogenesis and p53 inactivation are associated with monosomy in cancer. Our systematic study of monosomy in human cells explains why monosomy is so detrimental and reveals the importance of p53 for monosomy occurrence in cancer. The mechanisms that allow cancer cells to survive with monosomies are poorly understood. Here the authors analyse p53-deficient monosomic cell lines using transcriptomics and proteomics, and find that impaired ribosome biogenesis and p53 downregulation are associated with sustained monosomies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Menges
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany
| | - Angela Wieland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Balca R Mardin
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan O Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Group Genetics of Eukaryotes, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maik Kschischo
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany
| | - Markus Raeschle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Fichtman B, Harel T, Biran N, Zagairy F, Applegate CD, Salzberg Y, Gilboa T, Salah S, Shaag A, Simanovsky N, Ayoubieh H, Sobreira N, Punzi G, Pierri CL, Hamosh A, Elpeleg O, Harel A, Edvardson S. Pathogenic Variants in NUP214 Cause "Plugged" Nuclear Pore Channels and Acute Febrile Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:48-64. [PMID: 31178128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report biallelic missense and frameshift pathogenic variants in the gene encoding human nucleoporin NUP214 causing acute febrile encephalopathy. Clinical symptoms include neurodevelopmental regression, seizures, myoclonic jerks, progressive microcephaly, and cerebellar atrophy. NUP214 and NUP88 protein levels were reduced in primary skin fibroblasts derived from affected individuals, while the total number and density of nuclear pore complexes remained normal. Nuclear transport assays exhibited defects in the classical protein import and mRNA export pathways in affected cells. Direct surface imaging of fibroblast nuclei by scanning electron microscopy revealed a large increase in the presence of central particles (known as "plugs") in the nuclear pore channels of affected cells. This observation suggests that large transport cargoes may be delayed in passage through the nuclear pore channel, affecting its selective barrier function. Exposure of fibroblasts from affected individuals to heat shock resulted in a marked delay in their stress response, followed by a surge in apoptotic cell death. This suggests a mechanistic link between decreased cell survival in cell culture and severe fever-induced brain damage in affected individuals. Our study provides evidence by direct imaging at the single nuclear pore level of functional changes linked to a human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Fichtman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nitzan Biran
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Fadia Zagairy
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Carolyn D Applegate
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yuval Salzberg
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Somaya Salah
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Natalia Simanovsky
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Houriya Ayoubieh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Punzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Harel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Shamseldin HE, Makhseed N, Ibrahim N, Al-Sheddi T, Alobeid E, Abdulwahab F, Alkuraya FS. NUP214 deficiency causes severe encephalopathy and microcephaly in humans. Hum Genet 2019; 138:221-229. [PMID: 30758658 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a fundamental component of the nuclear envelope and is key to the nucleocytoplasmic transport. Mutations in several NUP genes that encode individual components of NPC known as nucleoporins have been identified in recent years among patients with static encephalopathies characterized by developmental delay and microcephaly. We describe a multiplex consanguineous family in which four affected members presented with severe neonatal hypotonia, profound global developmental delay, progressive microcephaly and early death. Autozygome and linkage analysis revealed that this phenotype is linked to a founder disease haplotype (chr9:127,113,732-135,288,807) in which whole exome sequencing revealed the presence of a novel homozygous missense variant in NUP214. Functional analysis of patient-derived fibroblasts recapitulated the dysmorphic phenotype of nuclei that was previously described in NUP214 knockdown cells. In addition, the typical rim staining of NUP214 is largely displaced, further supporting the deleterious effect of the variant. Our data expand the list of NUP genes that are mutated in encephalopathy disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Makhseed
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Jahra Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al-Sheddi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alobeid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Moonlighting nuclear pore proteins: tissue-specific nucleoporin function in health and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:593-605. [PMID: 30361777 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex is the main transportation hub for exchange between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is built from nucleoporins that form distinct subcomplexes to establish this huge protein complex in the nuclear envelope. Malfunctioning of nucleoporins is well known in human malignancies, such as gene fusions of NUP214 and NUP98 in hematological neoplasms and overexpression of NUP88 in a variety of human cancers. In the past decade, the incremental utilization of next-generation sequencing has unraveled mutations in nucleoporin genes in the context of an increasing number of hereditary diseases, often in a tissue-specific manner. It emerges that, on one hand, the central nervous system and the heart are particularly sensitive to mutations in nucleoporin genes. On the other hand, nucleoporins forming the scaffold structure of the nuclear pore complex are eminently mutation-prone. These novel and exciting associations between nucleoporins and human diseases emphasize the need to shed light on these unanticipated tissue-specific roles of nucleoporins that may go well beyond their role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this review, the current insights into altered nucleoporin function associated with human hereditary disorders will be discussed.
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