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Gerring ZF, Thorp JG, Treur JL, Verweij KJH, Derks EM. The genetic landscape of substance use disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02547-z. [PMID: 38811691 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders represent a significant public health concern with considerable socioeconomic implications worldwide. Twin and family-based studies have long established a heritable component underlying these disorders. In recent years, genome-wide association studies of large, broadly phenotyped samples have identified regions of the genome that harbour genetic risk variants associated with substance use disorders. These regions have enabled the discovery of putative causal genes and improved our understanding of genetic relationships among substance use disorders and other traits. Furthermore, the integration of these data with clinical information has yielded promising insights into how individuals respond to medications, allowing for the development of personalized treatment approaches based on an individual's genetic profile. This review article provides an overview of recent advances in the genetics of substance use disorders and demonstrates how genetic data may be used to reduce the burden of disease and improve public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F Gerring
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jackson G Thorp
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Yin W, Pulakka A, Reichenberg A, Kolevzon A, Ludvigsson JF, Risnes K, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Persson M, Silverman ME, Åden U, Kajantie E, Sandin S. Association between parental psychiatric disorders and risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder: a Swedish and Finnish population-based cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 40:100902. [PMID: 38689608 PMCID: PMC11059471 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Roughly more than one in six adults worldwide suffer from psychiatric conditions. Sporadic studies have associated parental psychiatric disorders with autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Comprehensively examining the association between parental psychiatric disorders and offspring autism spectrum disorder is needed to guide health policies, and to inform etiologic studies. Methods We included all children born in Sweden and Finland 1997-2016. Diagnoses were clinically ascertained from National Registers through 2017. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for autism spectrum disorder in offspring of fathers and mothers with psychiatric disorders, in both parents jointly and across co-occurring conditions. Findings Among 2,505,842 children, 33,612 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, of which 20% had a parent with psychiatric disorders. The risk of autism spectrum disorder was increased across all psychiatric disorders in fathers (Sweden: aHR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.92-2.12; Finland: aHR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.50-1.77), mothers (Sweden: aHR = 2.34, 95% CI = 2.24-2.43; Finland aHR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.92-2.28), or both parents (Sweden: aHR = 3.76, 95% CI = 3.48-4.07; Finland aHR = 3.61, 95% CI = 3.20-4.07), compared to neither parents. Co-occurrence of parental psychiatric disorders further increased risk (e.g., Sweden: for one, two or ≥three different diagnostic categories compared to no diagnosis, in fathers aHR = 1.81, 2.07, 2.52; in mothers aHR = 2.05, 2.63, 3.57). Interpretation Psychiatric disorders in both parents conveyed the highest risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder, followed by mothers and then fathers. The risk increased with number of co-occurring disorders. All parental psychiatric disorders were associated with increased the risk of autism spectrum disorder. To reliably assess the risk of autism spectrum disorder in children, a comprehensive history incorporating the full range of parental psychiatric disorders is needed beyond solely focusing on familial autism spectrum disorder. Funding Swedish-Research-Council-2021-0214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Yin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas F. Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kari Risnes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Children’s Clinic, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Persson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachsska Childrens’ and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ulrika Åden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Medicine Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Luo L, Pang T, Zheng H, Liufu C, Chang S. xWAS analysis in neuropsychiatric disorders by integrating multi-molecular phenotype quantitative trait loci and GWAS summary data. J Transl Med 2024; 22:387. [PMID: 38664746 PMCID: PMC11044291 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating quantitative trait loci (QTL) data related to molecular phenotypes with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data is an important post-GWAS strategic approach employed to identify disease-associated molecular features. Various types of molecular phenotypes have been investigated in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, these findings pertaining to distinct molecular features are often independent of each other, posing challenges for having an overview of the mapped genes. METHODS In this study, we comprehensively summarized published analyses focusing on four types of risk-related molecular features (gene expression, splicing transcriptome, protein abundance, and DNA methylation) across five common neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, we conducted supplementary analyses with the latest GWAS dataset and corresponding deficient molecular phenotypes using Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR). Based on the curated and supplemented results, novel reliable genes and their functions were explored. RESULTS Our findings revealed that eQTL exhibited superior ability in prioritizing risk genes compared to the other QTL, followed by sQTL. Approximately half of the genes associated with splicing transcriptome, protein abundance, and DNA methylation were successfully replicated by eQTL-associated genes across all five disorders. Furthermore, we identified 436 novel reliable genes, which enriched in pathways related with neurotransmitter transportation such as synaptic, dendrite, vesicles, axon along with correlations with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we identified ten multiple molecular involved regulation patterns (MMRP), which may provide valuable insights into understanding the contribution of molecular regulation network targeting these disease-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS The analyses prioritized novel and reliable gene sets related with five molecular features based on published and supplementary results for five common neuropsychiatric disorders, which were missed in the original GWAS analysis. Besides, the involved MMRP behind these genes could be given priority for further investigation to elucidate the pathogenic molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxue Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haohao Zheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chao Liufu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Bourque VR, Poulain C, Proulx C, Moreau CA, Joober R, Forgeot d'Arc B, Huguet G, Jacquemont S. Genetic and phenotypic similarity across major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and quantitative assessment. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:171. [PMID: 38555309 PMCID: PMC10981737 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
There is widespread overlap across major psychiatric disorders, and this is the case at different levels of observations, from genetic variants to brain structures and function and to symptoms. However, it remains unknown to what extent these commonalities at different levels of observation map onto each other. Here, we systematically review and compare the degree of similarity between psychiatric disorders at all available levels of observation. We searched PubMed and EMBASE between January 1, 2009 and September 8, 2022. We included original studies comparing at least four of the following five diagnostic groups: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, with measures of similarities between all disorder pairs. Data extraction and synthesis were performed by two independent researchers, following the PRISMA guidelines. As main outcome measure, we assessed the Pearson correlation measuring the degree of similarity across disorders pairs between studies and biological levels of observation. We identified 2975 studies, of which 28 were eligible for analysis, featuring similarity measures based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gene-based analyses, gene expression, structural and functional connectivity neuroimaging measures. The majority of correlations (88.6%) across disorders between studies, within and between levels of observation, were positive. To identify a consensus ranking of similarities between disorders, we performed a principal component analysis. Its first dimension explained 51.4% (95% CI: 43.2, 65.4) of the variance in disorder similarities across studies and levels of observation. Based on levels of genetic correlation, we estimated the probability of another psychiatric diagnosis in first-degree relatives and showed that they were systematically lower than those observed in population studies. Our findings highlight that genetic and brain factors may underlie a large proportion, but not all of the diagnostic overlaps observed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Poulain
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Proulx
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Derks EM, Thorp JG, Gerring ZF. Ten challenges for clinical translation in psychiatric genetics. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1457-1465. [PMID: 36138228 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of robust genetic associations underlying psychiatric disorders and provided important biological insights into disease onset and progression. There is optimism that genetic findings will pave the way to precision psychiatry by facilitating the development of more effective treatments and the identification of groups of patients that these treatments should be targeted toward. However, there are several challenges that must be addressed before genetic findings can be translated into the clinic. In this Perspective, we highlight ten challenges for the field of psychiatric genetics, focused on the robust and generalizable detection of genetic risk factors, improved definition and assessment of psychopathology and achieving better clinical indicators. We discuss recent advancements in the field that will improve the explanatory and predictive power of genetic data and ultimately contribute to improving the management and treatment of patients with a psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eske M Derks
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jackson G Thorp
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zachary F Gerring
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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No gene to predict the future? Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:491-492. [PMID: 35538188 PMCID: PMC9091269 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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