1
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Blue EE, Moore KJ, North KE, Desrosiers TA, Carmichael SL, White JJ, Chong JX, Bamshad MJ, Jenkins MM, Almli LM, Brody LC, Freedman SF, Reefhuis J, Romitti PA, Shaw GM, Werler M, Kay DM, Browne ML, Feldkamp ML, Finnell RH, Nembhard WN, Pangilinan F, Olshan AF. Exome sequencing identifies novel genes underlying primary congenital glaucoma in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2384. [PMID: 38990107 PMCID: PMC11245170 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) affects approximately 1 in 10,000 live born infants in the United States (U.S.). PCG has a autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and variable expressivity and reduced penetrance have been reported. Likely causal variants in the most commonly mutated gene, CYP1B1, are less prevalent in the U.S., suggesting that alternative genes may contribute to the condition. This study utilized exome sequencing to investigate the genetic architecture of PCG in the U.S. and to identify novel genes and variants. METHODS We studied 37 family trios where infants had PCG and were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (births 1997-2011), a U.S. multicenter study of birth defects. Samples underwent exome sequencing and sequence reads were aligned to the human reference sample (NCBI build 37/hg19). Variant filtration was conducted under de novo and Mendelian inheritance models using GEMINI. RESULTS Among candidate variants, CYP1B1 was most represented (five trios, 13.5%). Twelve probands (32%) had potentially pathogenic variants in other genes not previously linked to PCG but important in eye development and/or to underlie Mendelian conditions with potential phenotypic overlap (e.g., CRYBB2, RXRA, GLI2). CONCLUSION Variation in the genes identified in this population-based study may help to further explain the genetics of PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristin J Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Janson J White
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary M Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lynn M Almli
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- Division of Genomics and Society, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon F Freedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Martha Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denise M Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Marilyn L Browne
- New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Registry, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Marcia L Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Division of Genomics and Society, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Sen P, Srikrupa N, Maitra P, Srilekha S, Porkodi P, Gnanasekaran H, Bhende M, Khetan V, Mathavan S, Bhende P, Ratra D, Raman R, Rao C, Sripriya S. Next-generation sequencing--based genetic testing and phenotype correlation in retinitis pigmentosa patients from India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2512-2520. [PMID: 37322672 PMCID: PMC10417947 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2579_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are a heterogeneous group of retinal diseases leading to progressive loss of photoreceptors through apoptosis. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is considered the most common form of IRD. Panel-based testing in RP has proven effective in identifying the causative genetic mutations in 70% and 80% of the patients. This is a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 107 RP patients who had undergone next-generation sequencing-based targeted gene panel testing for IRD genes. These patients were inspected for common phenotypic features to arrive at meaningful genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and blood was collected from the proband for DNA extraction after documenting the pedigree. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was done by panel-based testing for IRD genes followed by co-segregation analysis wherever applicable. Results Of the 107 patients, 72 patients had pathogenic mutations. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 14 ± 12 years (range: 5-55). Mean (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) BCVA was 6/48 (0.9 logMAR) (range 0.0-3.0). At presentation, over one-third of eyes had BCVA worse than 6/60 (<1 logMAR). Phenotype analysis with the gene defects showed overlapping features, such as peripheral well-defined chorioretinal atrophic patches in patients with CERKL, PROM1, and RPE65 gene mutations and large macular lesions in patients with RDH12 and CRX gene mutations, respectively. Nummular or clump-like pigmentation was noted in CRB1, TTC8, PDE6A, and PDE6B. Conclusion NGS-based genetic testing can help clinicians to diagnose RP more accurately, and phenotypic correlations can also help in better patient counselling with respect to prognosis and guidance regarding ongoing newer gene-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Sen
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Srikrupa
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puja Maitra
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaramurthy Srilekha
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyasamy Porkodi
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harshavardhini Gnanasekaran
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muna Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sinnakaruppan Mathavan
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pramod Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanashree Ratra
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chetan Rao
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarangapani Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Huang Y, Yuan L, He G, Cao Y, Deng X, Deng H. Novel compound heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa without hearing loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1129862. [PMID: 36875754 PMCID: PMC9974670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1129862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of progressive inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by the primary degeneration of rod photoreceptors and the subsequent loss of cone photoreceptors because of cell death. It is caused by different mechanisms, including inflammation, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Variants in the usherin gene (USH2A) have been reported in autosomal recessive RP with or without hearing loss. In the present study, we aimed to identify causative variants in a Han-Chinese pedigree with autosomal recessive RP. Methods: A six-member, three-generation Han-Chinese family with autosomal recessive RP was recruited. A full clinical examination, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing, as well as co-segregation analysis were performed. Results: Three heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene, c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*), c.4745T>C (p.L1582P), and c.14740G>A (p.E4914K), were identified in the proband, which were inherited from parents and transmitted to the daughters. Bioinformatics analysis supported the pathogenicity of the c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*) and c.4745T>C (p.L1582P) variants. Conclusions: Novel compound heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene, c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*) and c.4745T>C (p.L1582P), were identified as the genetic causes of autosomal recessive RP. The findings may enhance the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of USH2A-associated phenotypes, expand the spectrum of the USH2A gene variants, and contribute to improved genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Huang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanna Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Arthur P, Muok L, Nathani A, Zeng EZ, Sun L, Li Y, Singh M. Bioengineering Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids and Optic Vesicle-Containing Brain Organoids for Ocular Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:3429. [PMID: 36359825 PMCID: PMC9653705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that mimic the retina's spatial and temporal differentiation, making them useful as in vitro retinal development models. Retinal organoids can be assembled with brain organoids, the 3D self-assembled aggregates derived from hPSCs containing different cell types and cytoarchitectures that resemble the human embryonic brain. Recent studies have shown the development of optic cups in brain organoids. The cellular components of a developing optic vesicle-containing organoids include primitive corneal epithelial and lens-like cells, retinal pigment epithelia, retinal progenitor cells, axon-like projections, and electrically active neuronal networks. The importance of retinal organoids in ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy are described in this review. This review highlights current developments in retinal organoid techniques, and their applications in ocular conditions such as disease modeling, gene therapy, drug screening and development. In addition, recent advancements in utilizing extracellular vesicles secreted by retinal organoids for ocular disease treatments are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Laureana Muok
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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5
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Martinez Velazquez LA, Ballios BG. The Next Generation of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics for Inherited Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111542. [PMID: 34768969 PMCID: PMC8583900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a diverse group of conditions that are often characterized by the loss of photoreceptors and blindness. Recent innovations in molecular biology and genomics have allowed us to identify the causative defects behind these dystrophies and to design therapeutics that target specific mechanisms of retinal disease. Recently, the FDA approved the first in vivo gene therapy for one of these hereditary blinding conditions. Current clinical trials are exploring new therapies that could provide treatment for a growing number of retinal dystrophies. While the field has had early success with gene augmentation strategies for treating retinal disease based on loss-of-function mutations, many novel approaches hold the promise of offering therapies that span the full spectrum of causative mutations and mechanisms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the approaches currently in development including a discussion of retinal neuroprotection, gene therapies (gene augmentation, gene editing, RNA modification, optogenetics), and regenerative stem or precursor cell-based therapies. Our review focuses on technologies that are being developed for clinical translation or are in active clinical trials and discusses the advantages and limitations for each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian G. Ballios
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Liu Y, GuLiBaHa M, Yue YB, Li MW, Cao SB, Yan M. An isolated childhood myeloid sarcoma with germline MSH6 mutation-a case report. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2136-2143. [PMID: 34584885 PMCID: PMC8429872 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a type of malignant tumor that originates in the bone marrow. This study reports on the treatment of an 11-year-old Uygur girl with a 15-day history of fever and paroxysmal cough, accompanied by right hip pain. During treatment, fatigue and anemia developed, physical strength decreased, and a few petechiae were seen in the lower extremities. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were palpable in the neck, with slight congestion in the pharynx. Routine blood screening showed three major myeloid lineage abnormalities. Pathological examination revealed the presence of CD10 (-), CD99 (+), CD20 (+), CD3 (-), CD117 (weak+), CD34 (unclear location), TdT (-), Pax5 (-), Ki-67 (50%+), MPO (-), and CD43 (+). The patient was eventually diagnosed with isolated MS. After chemotherapy, no small particles were observed in bone marrow morphology. Complete remission was confirmed by flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease. Genomic DNA was subjected to targeted sequencing of 236 gene panels to detect somatic mutations and the MSH6 c.3953_3954insAA p.R1318fs germline mutation. Unfortunately, the patient was subsequently lost to follow-up. To our knowledge, an MSH6 germline mutation had not previously been reported in children with MS, and we speculated that an MSH6 germline mutation led to genomic instability, triggering a somatic mutation in multiple genes and ultimately led to the development of MS in this patient. It is suggested that rare base abnormalities may be involved in the development of isolated myeloid sarcomas (IMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - MaiMaiTi GuLiBaHa
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying-Bin Yue
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming-Wei Li
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shan-Bo Cao
- Lab of Gene, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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7
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Ahmed AN, Tahir R, Khan N, Ahmad M, Dawood M, Basit A, Yasin M, Nowshid M, Marwan M, Sultan K, Saleha S. USH2A gene variants cause Keratoconus and Usher syndrome phenotypes in Pakistani families. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33926394 PMCID: PMC8086330 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy, affecting approximately 1 in 4000 individuals worldwide. The most common form of syndromic RP is Usher syndrome (USH) accounting for approximately 20–30 % of RP cases. Mutations in the USH2A gene cause a significant proportion of recessive non-syndromic RP and USH type II (USH2). This study aimed to determine the causative role of the USH2A gene in autosomal recessive inherited ocular diseases and to establish genotype-phenotype correlation associated with USH2A variants. Methods We performed direct Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis of the USH2A gene to identify disease causing variants in a non-syndromic RP family, two USH2 families and two Keratoconus (KC) families. Results Disease causing variants in the USH2A gene were identified in two families displayed KC and USH2 phenotypes. A novel variant c.4029T > G, p.Asn1343Lys in the USH2A gene was detected in a Pakistani family with KC phenotype. In addition, a missense variant (c.7334 C > T, p. Ser2445Phe) in the USH2A gene was found segregating in another Pakistani family with USH2 phenotype. Homozygosity of identified missense USH2A variants was found associated with autosomal recessive inherited KC and USH2 phenotypes in investigated families. These variants were not detected in ethnically matched healthy controls. Moreover, the USH2A variants were predicted to be deleterious or potentially disease causing by PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and SIFT. Conclusions This study provided first evidence for association of a novel USH2A variant with KC phenotype in a Pakistani family as well as established the phenotype-genotype correlation of a USH2A variant (c.7334 C > T, p. Ser2445Phe) with USH2 phenotype in another Pakistani family. The phenotype-genotype correlations established in present study may improve clinical diagnosis of affected individuals for better management and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Tahir
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Medical Teaching Institution, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Medical Teaching Institution, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maha Nowshid
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Marwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Komal Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Saleha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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8
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Identification of 13 novel USH2A mutations in Chinese retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome patients by targeted next-generation sequencing. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221779. [PMID: 31904091 PMCID: PMC6974426 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The USH2A gene encodes usherin, a basement membrane protein that is involved in the development and homeostasis of the inner ear and retina. Mutations in USH2A are linked to Usher syndrome type II (USH II) and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Molecular diagnosis can provide insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases, facilitate clinical diagnosis, and identify individuals who can most benefit from gene or cell replacement therapy. Here, we report 21 pathogenic mutations in the USH2A gene identified in 11 Chinese families by using the targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Methods: In all, 11 unrelated Chinese families were enrolled, and NGS was performed to identify mutations in the USH2A gene. Variant analysis, Sanger validation, and segregation tests were utilized to validate the disease-causing mutations in these families. Results: We identified 21 pathogenic mutations, of which 13, including 5 associated with non-syndromic RP and 8 with USH II, have not been previously reported. The novel variants segregated with disease phenotype in the affected families and were absent from the control subjects. In general, visual impairment and retinopathy were consistent between the USH II and non-syndromic RP patients with USH2A mutations. Conclusions: These findings provide a basis for investigating genotype–phenotype relationships in Chinese USH II and RP patients and for clarifying the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of the diseases associated with USH2A mutations.
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9
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Guo Y, Hao Y, Zhang D, Xu H, Yu D, Lv J, Fu Z, Han S, Guo F, Bai J, Guan G. A novel missense mutation in SMPX causes a rare form of X-linked postlingual sensorineural hearing loss in a Chinese family. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:378-387. [PMID: 33708524 PMCID: PMC7944167 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked deafness-4 (DFNX4) caused by the functional loss of the SMPX gene is one form of nonsyndromic hearing loss with postlingual onset. This study aimed to investigate the cause of X-linked inherited sensorineural nonsyndromic hearing loss in a four-generation Chinese family and to explain the reason for extremely different hearing phenotypes between the proband and other family members. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and co-segregation analysis were used to identify the pathogenic variants. Furthermore, methylation differences among the androgen receptor genes were utilized to investigate whether the severe phenotype of the proband is related to X-chromosome inactivation (Xi). RESULTS We described in detail the clinical characteristics of the family and identified a novel missense mutation (c.262C>G: p.Gln88Glu) in SMPX by WES. This variant was co-segregated with the postlingual hearing loss phenotype and was absent in 300 normal controls. Also, we found that the proband, a 4-year-old female, carries two new compound heterozygous mutations (c.9259G>A: p.Val3087Ile and c.8576G>A: p.Arg2859His) in the USH2A gene, but to date without any other symptoms except profound sensorineural hearing loss. Additionally, analysis of X-chromosome inactivation indicated moderate skewing in the proband, which is probably related to the heterogeneity of clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report a missense mutation of SMPX in a Chinese family. Our findings have enriched the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of the SMPX gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanru Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duojiao Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingmao Lv
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zeming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guofang Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Fu J, Cheng J, Zhou Q, Khan MA, Duan C, Peng J, Lv H, Fu J. Novel compound heterozygous nonsense variants, p.L150* and p.Y3565*, of the USH2A gene in a Chinese pedigree are associated with Usher syndrome type IIA. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3464-3472. [PMID: 32945453 PMCID: PMC7453661 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome refers to a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive diseases with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and hearing deficiencies. The association between Usher syndrome-causative genes and resultant Usher syndrome phenotypes in patients are highly variable. In the present study, a Chinese family with Usher syndrome was recruited, and targeted next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis were performed. The expression profiles and functional effects of the pathogenic variants of USH2A identified were analyzed. Novel nonsense compound heterozygous variants, c.T449G (p.L150*) and c.T10695A (p.Y3565*), were identified in the USH2A gene, which showed co-segregation with the disease phenotype causing Usher syndrome type IIA in the recruited Chinese pedigree. The p.L150* variant was predicted to produce a truncated protein which lacked almost all the functional domains of USH2A, whereas the p.Y3565* variant is located in one of the fibronectin type 3 domains, resulting in the loss of several fibronectin type 3 domains at the C-terminus of USH2A by producing the truncated protein. It was shown that Ush2a mRNA expression levels were higher in the retina compared with those in the eye tissues (lens, sclera and cornea), uterus, ovary, breast, testis, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, brain, skeletal muscle and blood. Additionally, the protein structure was shown to be highly conserved by comparing Homo sapiens USH2A to eight other species. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify two novel pathogenic variants, c.T449G (p.L150*) and c.T10695A (p.Y3565*), in the USH2A gene in a patient with Usher syndrome type IIA, thereby expanding the known spectrums of USH2A causative mutations. The present discovery may assist in understanding the molecular pathogenesis underlying the development of RP and Usher syndrome type IIA, and in the development of diagnostic, therapeutic and genetic counseling strategies in patients with Usher syndrome type IIA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chengxia Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangzhou Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000
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11
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Wang J, Liu H, Bertrand RE, Sarrion-Perdigones A, Gonzalez Y, Venken KJT, Chen R. A novel statistical method for interpreting the pathogenicity of rare variants. Genet Med 2020; 23:59-68. [PMID: 32884132 PMCID: PMC7796914 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To achieve the ultimate goal of personalized treatment of patients, accurate molecular diagnosis and precise interpretation of the impact of genetic variants on gene function is essential. With the sequencing cost becoming increasingly affordable, accurate distinguishing benign from pathogenic variants upon sequencing becomes the major bottleneck. Although large normal population sequence databases have become a key resource in filtering benign variants, they are not effective at filtering extremely rare variants. Methods: To address this challenge, we developed a novel statistical test by combining sequencing data from a patient cohort with a normal control population database. By comparing the expected and observed allele frequency in the patient cohort, variants that are likely benign can be identified. Results: The performance of this new method is evaluated on both simulated and real datasets coupled with experimental validation. As a result, we demonstrate this new test is well-powered to identify benign variants, particularly effective for variants with low frequency in the normal population. Conclusion: Overall, as a general test that can be applied to any type of variants in the context of all Mendelian diseases, our work provides a general framework for filtering benign variants with very low population allele frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hehe Liu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renae Elaine Bertrand
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yezabel Gonzalez
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koen J T Venken
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Zhu X, Li X, Tian W, Yang Y, Sun K, Li S, Zhu X. Identification of novel USH2A mutations in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa via targeted next‑generation sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:193-200. [PMID: 32319668 PMCID: PMC7248525 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inheritable blindness retinal diseases characterized by the death of photoreceptor cells and a gradual loss of peripheral vision. Mutations in Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2A) have been reported in RP with or without hearing loss. The present study aimed to identify causative mutations in a cohort of families with RP from China. A cohort of 62 non‑syndromic families with RP and 30 sporadic cases were enrolled in this study. All affected members underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including fundus photography, visual‑field test and optical coherence tomography examination. Next‑generation sequencing‑targeted sequencing of 163 genes involved in inheritable retinal disorders was performed on the probands. Stringent bioinformatics data analysis was applied to identify potential candidate variants. In total, 6 novel mutations and 2 known mutations of USH2A were identified in 4 families with RP. A stop‑gain mutation (c.C1731A) and a missense mutation (c.G8254A) were identified in RP family RP‑2148. In another RP family, RP‑2150, a known mutation (c.G802A) and a novel frameshift insertion mutation (c.12086dupA) were discovered. A novel stop‑gain mutation (c.G11754A) and a missense mutation (c.G13465A) were identified in family rpz05. A novel missense mutation (c.C9328G) and a known missense mutation (c.G8232C) were also identified. These mutations were subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing. All 6 novel mutations affected highly conserved amino acid residues, and were absent in 1,000 ethnically matched controls. Taken together, the present study has reported on 6 novel USH2A mutations in 4 families with RP, and has expanded the mutation spectrum of USH2A in autosomal recessive RP in the Chinese population, thus providing important information for the molecular diagnosis and screening of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yeming Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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13
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Sun Y, Li W, Li J, Wang Z, Bai J, Xu L, Xing B, Yang W, Wang Z, Wang L, He W, Chen F. Genetic and clinical findings of panel-based targeted exome sequencing in a northeast Chinese cohort with retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1184. [PMID: 32100970 PMCID: PMC7196472 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panel‐based targeted exome sequencing was used to analyze the genetic and clinical findings of targeted genes in a cohort of northeast Chinese with retinitis pigmentosa. Methods A total of 87 subjects, comprising 23 probands and their family members (total patients: 32) with confirmed retinitis pigmentosa were recruited in the study. Panel‐based targeted exome sequencing was used to sequence the patients and family members, all subjects with retinitis pigmentosa underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. Results Of the 23 probands, the clinical manifestations include night blindness, narrowing of vision, secondary cataracts, choroidal atrophy, color blindness, and high myopia, the average age of onset of night blindness is 12.9 ± 14 (range, 0–65; median, 8). Posterior subcapsular opacities is the most common forms of secondary cataracts (nine cases, 39.1%), and peripheral choroidal atrophy is the most common form of secondary choroidal atrophy (12 cases, 52.2%). Of these probands with complication peripheral choroidal atrophy, there were eight probands (66.7%, 8/12) caused by the pathogenic variation in USH2A gene. A total of 17 genes and 45 variants were detected in 23 probands. Among these genes, the commonest genes were USH2A (40%; 18/45), RP1 (15.6%; 7/45), and EYS (8.9%; 4/45), and the top three genes account for 56.5% (13/23) of diagnostic probands. Among these variants, comprising 22 (48.9%) pathogenic variants, 14 (31%) likely pathogenic variants, and nine (20%) uncertain clinical significance variants, and 22 variants was discovered first time. Most of the mutations associated with RP were missense (53.3%, 24/45), and the remaining mutation types include frameshift (35.6%, 16/45), nonsense (6.7%, 3/45), and spliceSite (4.4%, 2/45). Among the probands with mutations detected, compound heterozygous forms was detected in 13 (56.5%, 13/23) probands, and digenic inheritance (DI) forms was detected in five (21.7%, 5/23) probands. Conclusion Panel‐based targeted exome sequencing revealed 23 novel mutations, recognized different combinations forms of variants, and extended the mutational spectrum of retinitis pigmentosa and depicted common variants in northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Shenyang He Eye Specialist HospitalShenyangChina
- He UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Li
- He UniversityShenyangChina
- BGI Education CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Jian‐kang Li
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of Computer ScienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics Shenzhen Key Laboratory of GenomicsBGI-ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Zhuo‐shi Wang
- Shenyang He Eye Specialist HospitalShenyangChina
- He UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jin‐yue Bai
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ling Xu
- Shenyang He Eye Specialist HospitalShenyangChina
- He UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bo Xing
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wen Yang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of Computer ScienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Zi‐wei Wang
- BGI Education CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Lu‐sheng Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of Computer ScienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Wei He
- Shenyang He Eye Specialist HospitalShenyangChina
- He UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics Shenzhen Key Laboratory of GenomicsBGI-ShenzhenShenzhenChina
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14
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Guo Y, Wang P, Ma JH, Cui Z, Yu Q, Liu S, Xue Y, Zhu D, Cao J, Li Z, Tang S, Chen J. Modeling Retinitis Pigmentosa: Retinal Organoids Generated From the iPSCs of a Patient With the USH2A Mutation Show Early Developmental Abnormalities. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:361. [PMID: 31481876 PMCID: PMC6709881 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents a group of inherited retinopathies with early-onset nyctalopia followed by progressive photoreceptor degeneration causing irreversible vision loss. Mutations in USH2A are the most common cause of non-syndromic RP. Here, we reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a RP patient with a mutation in USH2A (c.8559-2A > G/c.9127_9129delTCC). Then, multilayer retinal organoids including neural retina (NR) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were generated by three-step “induction-reversal culture.” The early retinal organoids derived from the RP patient with the USH2A mutation exhibited significant defects in terms of morphology, immunofluorescence staining and transcriptional profiling. To the best of our knowledge, the pathogenic mutation (c.9127_9129delTCC) in USH2A has not been reported previously among RP patients. Notably, the expression of laminin in the USH2A mutation organoids was significantly lower than in the iPSCs derived from healthy, age- and sex-matched controls during the retinal organogenesis. We also observed that abnormal retinal neuroepithelium differentiation and polarization caused defective retinal progenitor cell development and retinal layer formation, disordered organization of NRs in the presence of the USH2A mutation. Furthermore, the USH2A mutation bearing RPE cells presented abnormal morphology, lacking pigmented foci and showing an apoptotic trend and reduced expression of specific makers, such as MITF, PEDF, and RPE65. In addition, the USH2A mutation organoids had lower expression of cilium-associated (especially CFAP43, PIFO) and dopaminergic synapse-related genes (including DLGAP1, GRIK1, SLC17A7, and SLC17A8), while there was higher expression of neuron apoptotic process-related genes (especially HIF1A, ADARB1, and CASP3). This study may provide essential assistance in the molecular diagnosis and screening of RP. This work recapitulates the pathogenesis of USH2A using patient-specific organoids and demonstrated that alterations in USH2A function due to mutations may lead to cellular and molecular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Guo
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacey Hongjie Ma
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Centric Laboratory, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Cao
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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