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Multi-Elemental Analysis of Human Optic Chiasm-A New Perspective to Reveal the Pathomechanism of Nerve Fibers' Degeneration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074420. [PMID: 35410100 PMCID: PMC8998695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of metals on the functioning of the human eye is multifactorial and includes enzyme activity modulation, trace metal metabolic pathways changes, and cytotoxic activity. Functional dysfunctions appear mostly as a result of the accumulation of toxic xenobiotic metals or disturbances of micronutrients’ homeostasis. So far, the affinity of selected metals to eye tissues, i.e., the cornea, choroid, lens, and anterior chamber fluid, has been most studied. However, it is known that many eye symptoms are related to damage to the optic nerve. In order to fill this gap, the aim of the study is to perform a multi-element analysis of tissue collected postmortem from optic chiasm and optic nerves. A total of 178 samples from 107 subjects were tested. The concentrations of 51 elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the wet-mineralization step. In terms of elemental composition, the optic chiasm is dominated by two trace elements, i.e., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), besides macro-elements Ca, K, Na, P, and Mg. The subjects formed a homogeneous cluster (over 70% subjects) with the highest accumulation of aluminum (Al). The remaining two departing clusters were characterized by an increased content of most of the elements, including toxic elements such as bismuth (Bi), uranium (U), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd). Changes in elemental composition with age were analyzed statistically for the selected groups, i.e., females, males, and subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and without AUD. A tendency of women to lose Se, Cu, Zn, Fe with age was observed, and a disturbed Ca/Mg, Na/K ratio in subjects with AUD. Although the observed trends were not statistically significant, they shed new light on the risks and possible pathologies associated with metal neurotoxicity in the visual tract.
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Ergun DD, Dursun S, Ergun S, Ozcelik D. The Association Between Trace Elements and Osmolality in Plasma and Aqueous Humor Fluid in Diabetic Rabbits. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4154-4161. [PMID: 33409916 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Trace element metabolism plays an important role in the formation of diabetes and complications of diabetes. Although trace elements changes in lenses in diabetic cataract and glaucoma formation have been investigated, there were few studies evaluating trace elements levels in plasma and aqueous humor fluid in diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) levels in plasma and aqueous humor fluids of rabbits in the diabetic rabbit model. New Zealand male rabbits were divided into two groups as control (n = 8), and diabetes (n = 8) induced by alloxane. At the end of the experimental period, the osmolality in blood, plasma, and aqueous humor fluids from rabbits were measured by osmometer and Zn, Cu, and Cr levels in plasma and aqueous humor fluid were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The osmolality in blood, plasma, and aqueous humor fluid of the diabetic group was significantly increased compared to the control group (respectively p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). It was analyzed that plasma Zn and Cu levels of diabetic rabbits increased significantly (respectively, p < 0.01; p < 0.001), whereas Cr level significantly decreased according to the control group (p < 0.01). It was observed that Cr and Zn levels in aqueous humor fluid in diabetes group decreased (respectively p < 0.001 and p < 0.01), and a significantly increased in Cu level (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Related with these changes that may occur in the eye due to the measured parameters, we consider that comparative studies of these types of diabetic animal models would be useful in the evaluation of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Duzgun Ergun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sefik Dursun
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sefa Ergun
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dervis Ozcelik
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aranaz M, Costas-Rodríguez M, Lobo L, García M, González-Iglesias H, Pereiro R, Vanhaecke F. Homeostatic alterations related to total antioxidant capacity, elemental concentrations and isotopic compositions in aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:515-524. [PMID: 34173037 PMCID: PMC8748375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disease, characterized by progressive optic neurodegeneration. Elevation of the intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma and is a consequence of an imbalance in the aqueous humor hydrodynamics, the physiology of which is influenced by the homeostatic equilibrium of essential elements, oxidative stress, and antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study local alterations in glaucomatous patients from two different, but connected, points of view: (i) the total antioxidant capacity (as an indicator of oxidative damage) and (ii) the concentration of mineral elements and their isotopic composition. Such objective was pursued using aqueous humor from patients diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG, n = 17) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, n = 5) and age-matched control subjects (n = 16). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was examined in both aqueous humor and 60 serum samples (n = 20 controls, n = 20 for PEXG, and n = 20 for POAG), both showing higher TAC for the glaucoma population. The concentrations of the essential mineral elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn) and the isotopic compositions of Cu and Zn were determined in aqueous humor using single-collector and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, respectively. Significant differences were established for Mg and P levels when comparing the results for glaucomatous patients with those for the control population (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 for Mg and P respectively, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis). The Zn isotopic composition was significantly shifted from that for the control population for PEXG patients. A significant difference in the isotopic composition of Zn was also established between the PEXG and POAG glaucoma cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Aranaz
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Costas-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281 - S12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lara Lobo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Fernández-Vega 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281 - S12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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