1
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Fernandes TP, Shoshina II, Oliveira MEC, Andreevna VE, Silva GM, Santos NA. Correlates of clinical variables on early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:323-330. [PMID: 35339912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of noninvasive tools can help understand mental states and changes that are caused by medications, symptom severity, and other clinical variables. We investigated low-level visual processing using the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a reliable, robust, and widely used approach. Our main purpose was (1) to evaluate visual impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients and (2) to investigate associations between clinical variables and visual function in both diseases. Fifty-six healthy controls (HCs; mean age = 31.04 years), 42 BPD patients (mean age = 32.84 years) who took only lithium, and 39 SCZ patients who took only olanzapine (mean age = 32.80 years) were recruited for this study. CSF differed between groups. Both groups of patients exhibited lower discrimination at low, mid-, and high spatial frequencies compared with HCs. No differences were observed between patients, with the exception of high spatial frequency. These impairments were also related to clinical variables, revealed by a strong effect in the mediation analyses. These findings may aid investigations of other clinical variables and the role of state- and trait-like effects on visual and cognitive processing in these patient populations. This study underscores the need for visual remediation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriella M Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
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2
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Zhong J, Wang W, Li J, Wang Y, Hu X, Feng L, Ye Q, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Li J, Yuan J. Effects of Perceptual Learning on Deprivation Amblyopia in Children with Limbal Dermoid: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071879. [PMID: 35407483 PMCID: PMC8999262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal dermoid (LD) is a congenital ocular tumor that causes amblyopia and damages visual acuity (VA) and visual function. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of perceptual learning (PL) toward improving contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and VA. A total of 25 children with LD and 25 normal children were compared in terms of CSF and VA. The LD group was further randomly allocated into two arms: nine underwent PL combined with patching and eight underwent patching only; eight patients quit the amblyopia treatment. The primary outcome was the area under log CSF (AULCSF), and the secondary outcome was the best corrected VA (BCVA). The CSF was obviously reduced in the LD group compared with that in the normal group. Moreover, the difference in the changes in the AULCSF between the PL and patching groups after 6 months of training was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.86, p < 0.001), and the between-group difference in VA at 6 months was −0.30 (95% CI: −0.46, −0.14, p < 0.001). Children suffering from LD with amblyopia exhibited CSF deficits and VA loss simultaneously. PL could improve CSF and VA in the amblyopic eye better than patching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yiming Luo
- Guangzhou LWT Technologies Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Zhengyuan Zhu
- Shenzhen CESI Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518100, China;
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-8525-3133 (J.L. & J.Y.)
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; (J.Z.); (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (L.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-8525-3133 (J.L. & J.Y.)
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3
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Fernandes TP, Oliveira MEC, Silva GM, Santos NA. Improvement in visual performance after nicotine gum administration in tobacco use disorder: a case report. J Addict Dis 2022; 40:568-576. [PMID: 35264083 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.2020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic tobacco consumption, identified as Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD), is a public health problem. We present a case report of a 37-year-old Brazilian male diagnosed with TUD at age 26, with no comorbidities, that presented visual improvements (i.e., lower thresholds and better discrimination) after nicotine gum administration. Here, we assessed contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination using the Metropsis and the Cambridge Colour Test, respectively. Results showed lower thresholds for both visual tasks after the use of nicotine gum. Even considering this is a single case report, our intent is to open new avenues for research involving smoking, addiction and the use of nicotine gum as a replacement tool or adjuvant tool for improvement of visual and/or cognitive processing. It is well known that nicotine gum has protective effects for some diseases, and improves some cognitive functions. However, unclear were its effects on visual processing of people with TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M Silva
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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4
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Almeida NL, Silva JBS, Oliveira MEC, Fernandes TP, Santos NA. Eye movement impairments in children with malnutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 57:644-651. [PMID: 35262928 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is characterised by deficient nutrient ingestion and absorption and is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Our main rationale was that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may affect eye movement in children with malnutrition. Twenty children without PEM (mean age = 10.8; SD = 1.0 years) and 18 children with PEM (mean age = 10.9; SD = 1.2 years) were included in the present study. We applied three types of tests: one that consisted of a maze and two versions of the Spot the Seven Errors test using boats and elephants. Our results indicated that children with PEM exhibited performance deficits in the maze test (p < .001) and Spot the Seven Errors test for both boats (p < .001) and elephants (p < .001). These data suggest that nutritional impairments during the first year of life (i.e., a critical period) can directly impact eye movement. Eye tracking is a reliable technique to investigate higher-order processes, but our results should be interpreted with caution. Our findings highlight the relevance of cognitive development in malnourished children, which can negatively affect their development. Screening, assessment and rehabilitation strategies are essential in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jessica B S Silva
- Department of Psychology, Minas Gerais State University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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5
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Combined influence of medication and symptom severity on visual processing in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:135-141. [PMID: 35032946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported visual impairments in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD), but unclear were whether clinical variables would be associated with those disturbances. Here, we investigate the relationship between visual functioning, in terms of color discrimination, and the impact of BPD duration, mood state, and the patients' medication. Forty-five participants (25-45 years old) were recruited for this study. Color discrimination was performed using the Cambridge Colour Test. Serial multiple mediations were run to investigate the assumption of association between color discrimination and the clinical variables. Our findings showed that, compared with healthy controls, BPD patients' performance was worse for the Protan, Deutan, and Tritan vectors, revealing deterioration of color discrimination. In addition, the mediation analyses revealed a strong direct (p < .001) and moderate-to-high indirect effects (p < .01) of medication and symptom severity on color discrimination. Overall, both longer the duration of the disease and greater the symptom severity of BPD patients resulted in worse performance. It highlights the importance of examining the wider clinical context of an affective disorder to understand how it affects visual processing in this population.
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6
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Shoshina II, Hovis JK, Felisberti FM, Santos NA, Adreeva A, Butler PD, Fernandes TP. Visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114200. [PMID: 34653830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) have deficits in early visual processing, namely contrast processing. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an important measure to investigate neuroplasticity in some visual functions like visual perception. In this study, we investigated the relationship between visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. Thirty-nine healthy controls and 43 first-episode SCZ patients were enrolled. Contrast sensitivity measurements were conducted using low, mid- and high spatial frequencies. First-episode SCZ patients had higher contrast sensitivity than healthy controls for all frequencies, except for the middle spatial frequency. Negative correlations were found between BDNF, contrast sensitivity and clinical variables, mostly for middle and high spatial frequencies among females. Our results provide support for (i) the association of SCZ with alterations of magno- and parvocellular pathway functioning and (ii) decreased BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. This study highlights the importance of using biomarkers along with other measures to investigate visual processing in SCZ and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Visual Physiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima M Felisberti
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Adreeva
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
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7
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Fernandes TP, Almeida NL, Silva GM, Santos NA. Nicotine gum enhances visual processing in healthy nonsmokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2593-2605. [PMID: 33675460 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to investigate the isolated effects of nicotine on visual processing, namely contrast processing. METHODS Thirteen participants, aged 18-40 years, were enrolled in this double blind, randomized and pilot controlled trial involving nicotine gum administration (placebo, 2-mg and 4-mg doses). The participants' instruction was to detect the location of vertical gratings (0.2; 1.0; 3.3; 5.7; 8.8; 13.2 and 15.9 cycles per degree) when it was presented either left or right on the monitor screen. A repeated multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to analyse the results for the visual processing tasks. Bayesian analyses were also carried out considering maximum robustness to avoid bias. RESULTS The findings that nicotine gum administration resulted in better contrast discrimination when compared to placebo gum (p < .001). More specifically, the 4-mg resulted in better visual sensitivity when compared to the 2-mg (p < .01) and the placebo (p < .001) gum. Demographic data were not related to the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These data bring the need for support the findings. If proved, it is possible that nicotine, in small doses, can have a potential therapeutic use for those populations with low vision. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-46tjy3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil. .,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Natalia L Almeida
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil. .,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Gabriella M Silva
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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8
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Almeida NL, Rodrigues SJ, Gonçalves LM, Silverstein SM, Sousa IC, Gomes GH, Butler PD, Fernandes TP, Santos NA. Opposite effects of smoking and nicotine intake on cognition. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113357. [PMID: 32823200 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our main purpose was to investigate how smoking and nicotine interacted with specific aspects of cognitive functioning. The research was conducted in two parts: (i) an investigation of cognition in heavy smokers and healthy nonsmokers, and (ii) an investigation of cognition in healthy nonsmokers enrolled in a clinical trial involving administration of nicotine gum. Results indicated that the relationship between smoking and nicotine was characterized by an inverted U-shaped effect. On the one hand, cognitive test performance of the heavy smokers group was reduced on all of the cognitive tasks used here. On the other hand, healthy nonsmokers who used 2-mg of nicotine gum performed better, whilst the 4-mg group performed worse than the 2-mg and the placebo group. Demographic data were not related to the cognitive tasks. These data suggest that small doses of nicotine can have an activating function that leads to improved cognition, while heavy smoking on a chronic (and possibly acute) basis leads to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Almeida
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Stephanye J Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Gonçalves
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Isadora C Sousa
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Psychology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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9
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Fernandes TP, Hovis JK, Almeida N, Souto JJS, Bonifacio TA, Rodrigues S, Silva GM, Andrade MO, Silva JB, Gomes GH, Oliveira ME, Lima EH, Gomes ME, Junior MVA, Martins ML, Santos NA. Effects of Nicotine Gum Administration on Vision (ENIGMA-Vis): Study Protocol of a Double-Blind, Randomized, and Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:314. [PMID: 33100983 PMCID: PMC7506462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies reported that tobacco addiction was related to visual impairments, but one unresolved issue is whether the impairments are related to the many compounds existing in the cigarettes or to the effects of nicotine. On the other hand, nicotine gum can be used as replacement therapy or as a neuroprotective agent for some diseases. The main purpose of this controlled trial is to investigate the effects of nicotine gum on vision. The ENIGMA-Vis trial aims to compare two dosages of nicotine gum (2 and 4 mg) and a placebo gum in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 100 participants to be allocated into a single group assignment of repeated measures (two studies; N = 50 for each one). Eligibility criteria are healthy non-smokers not diagnosed with substance abuse and without an acute or chronic medical condition. Intervention will last three sessions for each participant with a window frame of 1 week per session. Study outcomes are (1) short-term effects of nicotine gum on contrast sensitivity; (2) short-term effects of nicotine gum on chromatic contrast discrimination; and (3) whether demographics, body mass index, or serum cotinine predicts response of visual processing. This study addresses an important gap in the effects of nicotine on vision. One of the main takeaways of this study is to understand the effects of nicotine on contrast sensitivity and chromatic contrast discrimination. This information will provide a further understanding of how nicotine interacts with early visual processes and help determine how the different components present during smoking can affect vision. Clinical Trial Registration Number: RBR-46tjy3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Natalia Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jandirlly J S Souto
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Bonifacio
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Stephanye Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Medeiros Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Michael Oliveira Andrade
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jessica Bruna Silva
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Edite Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eveline Holanda Lima
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Gomes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcos V A Junior
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Martins
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Speech Therapy, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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10
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Barboni MTS, Maneschg OA, Németh J, Nagy ZZ, Vidnyánszky Z, Bankó ÉM. Dichoptic Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Reflects Binocular Balance in Normal and Stereoanomalous Subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:23. [PMID: 32931571 PMCID: PMC7500129 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study binocular balance by comparing dichoptic and standard monocular contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in stereonormal and stereoanomalous/stereoblind amblyopic subjects. Methods Sixteen amblyopes and 17 controls participated. Using the capability of the passive three-dimensional display, we measured their CSF both monocularly and dichoptically at spatial frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 cpds using achromatic Gabor patches on a luminance noise background. During monocular stimulation, the untested eye was covered, while for the dichoptic stimulation the untested eye viewed background noise. Dichoptic CSF of both eyes was acquired within one block. Results In patients with central fixation, dichoptic viewing had a large negative impact on the CSF of the amblyopic eye, although it hardly affected that of the dominant eye. In contrast, dichoptic viewing had a small but significant effect on both eyes for controls. In addition, all participants lay along a continuum in terms of how much their two eyes were affected by dichoptic stimulation: by using two predefined contrast sensitivity ratios, namely, amblyopic sensitivity decrement and dichoptic sensitivity decrement, not only did we find a significant correlation between these variables among all participants, but also the two groups were identified with minimum error using a cluster analysis. Conclusions Dichoptic CSF may be considered to measure visual performance in patients with altered binocular vision, because it better reflects the visual capacity of the amblyopic eye than the standard monocular examinations. It may also be a more reliable parameter to assess the efficacy of modern approaches to treat amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Alexander Maneschg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bionic Innovation Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Németh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bionic Innovation Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vidnyánszky
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva M. Bankó
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Fernandes TP, Butler PD, Rodrigues SJ, Silva GM, Anchieta MV, Souto JJS, Gomes GHV, Almeida NL, Santos NA. Short-term effects of nicotine gum on facial detection in healthy nonsmokers: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:15-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1805093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Fernandes
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pamela D. Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Stephanye J. Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M. Silva
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Jandirlly J. S. Souto
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia L. Almeida
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A. Santos
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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12
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Fernandes TP, Santos NA, Paramei GV. Cambridge Colour Test: reproducibility in normal trichromats. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:A70-A80. [PMID: 32400518 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.380306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated reproducibility of the Trivector subtest of the Cambridge Colour Test. Data for normal trichromats were obtained in Brazil ($ N = 111 $N=111) at T0, six months (T1), and 12 months later (T2), and in the United Kingdom (${ N}={79}$N=79), with the test directly followed by a retest. Coefficients of repeatability-Bland-Altman indices-for Protan, Deutan, and Tritan vectors were similar for both datasets. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)-measures of reliability-were low or moderate for these relatively homogeneous datasets; for a heterogeneous dataset, comprising color-normal and abnormal observers, ICCs were 0.80-0.98, indicating the high discriminative accuracy of the Trivector subtest.
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13
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Abstract
Objectives: The present study evaluated early visual processing, in terms of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients.Methods: Data were recorded in 17 healthy participants and 17 outpatients with type 1 BPD, from 20 to 45 years of age. The CSF was measured at spatial frequencies of 0.2, 0.6, 3.1, 8.0, 16.0 and 20.0 cycles per degree (cpd) using Gabor patches and a two-alternative, forced-choice, logarithmic staircase method. The groups were matched for gender, age and level of education.Results: The CSF differed between groups. Patients with BPD had lower discrimination at spatial frequencies of 0.2 cpd (P < 0.001), 0.6 cpd (P < 0.001), 16.0 cpd (P < 0.001) and 20.0 cpd (P < 0.001) compared with healthy subjects. No differences were observed at 3.1 cpd (P > 0.05) and 8.0 cpd (P > 0.05). This visual impairment was related both to longer duration of illness and to greater severity of manic symptoms.Conclusions: The differences in visual processing were pronounced in patients with BPD, which justifies further investigations of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are involved in sensorial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry Division of Schizophrenia Research, Rutgers University Behavioural Health Care, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Natalia L Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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