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Borrelli E, Bandello F, Boon CJF, Carelli V, Lenaers G, Reibaldi M, Sadda SR, Sadun AA, Sarraf D, Yu-Wai-Man P, Barboni P. Mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies: The impact of retinal imaging on modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101264. [PMID: 38703886 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in ocular imaging have significantly broadened our comprehension of mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies by examining the structural and pathological aspects of the retina and optic nerve in these conditions. This article aims to review the prominent imaging characteristics associated with mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies, aiming to deepen our insight into their pathogenesis and clinical features. Preceding this exploration, the article provides a detailed overview of the crucial genetic and clinical features, which is essential for the proper interpretation of in vivo imaging. More importantly, we will provide a critical analysis on how these imaging modalities could serve as biomarkers for characterization and monitoring, as well as in guiding treatment decisions. However, these imaging methods have limitations, which will be discussed along with potential strategies to mitigate them. Lastly, the article will emphasize the potential advantages and future integration of imaging techniques in evaluating patients with mitochondrial eye disorders, considering the prospects of emerging gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Borrelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, "City of Health and Science" Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, "City of Health and Science" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Srinivas R Sadda
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Piero Barboni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
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Campbell JM, Gosnell M, Agha A, Handley S, Knab A, Anwer AG, Bhargava A, Goldys EM. Label-Free Assessment of Key Biological Autofluorophores: Material Characteristics and Opportunities for Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403761. [PMID: 38775184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Autofluorophores are endogenous fluorescent compounds that naturally occur in the intra and extracellular spaces of all tissues and organs. Most have vital biological functions - like the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD+, as well as the structural protein collagen. Others are considered to be waste products - like lipofuscin and advanced glycation end products - which accumulate with age and are associated with cellular dysfunction. Due to their natural fluorescence, these materials have great utility for enabling non-invasive, label-free assays with direct ties to biological function. Numerous technologies, with different advantages and drawbacks, are applied to their assessment, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, hyperspectral microscopy, and flow cytometry. Here, the applications of label-free autofluorophore assessment are reviewed for clinical and health-research applications, with specific attention to biomaterials, disease detection, surgical guidance, treatment monitoring, and tissue assessment - fields that greatly benefit from non-invasive methodologies capable of continuous, in vivo characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | | | - Adnan Agha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Aline Knab
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Akanksha Bhargava
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
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Disha B, Mathew RP, Dalal AB, Mahato AK, Satyamoorthy K, Singh KK, Thangaraj K, Govindaraj P. Mitochondria in biology and medicine - 2023. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101853. [PMID: 38423268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are an indispensable part of the cell that plays a crucial role in regulating various signaling pathways, energy metabolism, cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. Since mitochondria have their own genetic material, they differ from their nuclear counterparts, and dysregulation is responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with several disorders, including neuro-muscular disorders, cancer, and premature aging, among others. The intricacy of the field is due to the cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial genes, which has also improved our knowledge of mitochondrial functions and their pathogenesis. Therefore, interdisciplinary research and communication are crucial for mitochondrial biology and medicine due to the challenges they pose for diagnosis and treatment. The ninth annual conference of the Society for Mitochondria Research and Medicine (SMRM)- India, titled "Mitochondria in Biology and Medicine" was organized at the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India, on June 21-23, 2023. The latest advancements in the field of mitochondrial biology and medicine were discussed at the conference. In this article, we summarize the entire event for the benefit of researchers working in the field of mitochondrial biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Disha
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Rohan Peter Mathew
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Ashwin B Dalal
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Ajay K Mahato
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad 580009, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Rm. 620, 720 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Periyasamy Govindaraj
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560029, India.
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Anderson A, Alfahad N, Wimalachandra D, Bouzinab K, Rudzinska P, Wood H, Fazey I, Xu H, Lyons TJ, Barnes NM, Narendran P, Lord JM, Rauz S, Ganley IG, Curtis TM, Wallace GR, Hombrebueno JR. Relaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenosine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1124. [PMID: 38321058 PMCID: PMC10847490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The recovery of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) may bring innovative solutions for neuroprotection, while imposing a significant challenge given the need of holistic approaches to restore mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and turnover (mitophagy and biogenesis). In diabetic retinopathy, this is compounded by our lack of understanding of human retinal neurodegeneration, but also how MQC processes interact during disease progression. Here, we show that mitochondria hyperfusion is characteristic of retinal neurodegeneration in human and murine diabetes, blunting the homeostatic turnover of mitochondria and causing metabolic and neuro-inflammatory stress. By mimicking this mitochondrial remodelling in vitro, we ascertain that N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover and bioenergetics by relaxing hyperfusion in a controlled fashion. Oral administration of N6-furfuryladenosine enhances mitochondrial turnover in the diabetic mouse retina (Ins2Akita males), improving clinical correlates and conferring neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Our findings provide translational insights for neuroprotection in the diabetic retina through the holistic recovery of MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Anderson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nada Alfahad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kaouthar Bouzinab
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paula Rudzinska
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Wood
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isabel Fazey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Diabetes Free South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Parth Narendran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham & Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Graham R Wallace
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Latifi-Navid H, Barzegar Behrooz A, Jamehdor S, Davari M, Latifinavid M, Zolfaghari N, Piroozmand S, Taghizadeh S, Bourbour M, Shemshaki G, Latifi-Navid S, Arab SS, Soheili ZS, Ahmadieh H, Sheibani N. Construction of an Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecular Network Using Multi-Layer Network Analysis, a Fuzzy Logic Model, and Deep Learning Techniques: Are Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Disorders Related? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1555. [PMID: 38004422 PMCID: PMC10674956 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The current management of nAMD is limited and involves regular intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited by overlapping and compensatory pathways leading to unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatments in a significant portion of nAMD patients. Therefore, a system view of pathways involved in pathophysiology of nAMD will have significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to identify proteins, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), various metabolites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a significant role in the pathogenesis of nAMD. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a multi-layer network analysis, which identified 30 key genes, six miRNAs, and four lncRNAs. We also found three key metabolites that are common with AMD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified nine key SNPs and their related genes that are common among AMD, AD, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, our findings suggest that there exists a connection between nAMD and the aforementioned neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, our study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence, specifically the LSTM network, a fuzzy logic model, and genetic algorithms, to identify important metabolites in complex metabolic pathways to open new avenues for the design and/or repurposing of drugs for nAMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Saleh Jamehdor
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
| | - Maliheh Davari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Masoud Latifinavid
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Somayeh Piroozmand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran;
| | - Golnaz Shemshaki
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570005, India;
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666673111, Iran;
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Optic Nerve Injury Enhanced Mitochondrial Fission and Increased Mitochondrial Density without Altering the Uniform Mitochondrial Distribution in the Unmyelinated Axons of Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054356. [PMID: 36901786 PMCID: PMC10002508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON), a major cause of blindness, is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the degeneration of their axons. Mitochondria are deeply involved in maintaining the health of RGCs and their axons. Therefore, lots of attempts have been made to develop diagnostic tools and therapies targeting mitochondria. Recently, we reported that mitochondria are uniformly distributed in the unmyelinated axons of RGCs, possibly owing to the ATP gradient. Thus, using transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein targeting mitochondria exclusively in RGCs within the retina, we assessed the alteration of mitochondrial distributions induced by optic nerve crush (ONC) via in vitro flat-mount retinal sections and in vivo fundus images captured with a confocal scanning ophthalmoscope. We observed that the mitochondrial distribution in the unmyelinated axons of survived RGCs after ONC remained uniform, although their density increased. Furthermore, via in vitro analysis, we discovered that the mitochondrial size is attenuated following ONC. These results suggest that ONC induces mitochondrial fission without disrupting the uniform mitochondrial distribution, possibly preventing axonal degeneration and apoptosis. The in vivo visualization system of axonal mitochondria in RGCs may be applicable in the detection of the progression of GON in animal studies and potentially in humans.
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Muste JC, Russell MW, Chen AX, Seth K, Iyer AI, Valentim CCS, Wu AK, Kuo BL, Kalur A, Sastry R, Hom GL, Conti TF, Rich CA, Talcott KE, Sharma S, Singh RP. Functional Imaging of Mitochondria in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Flavoprotein Fluorescence. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:24-31. [PMID: 36626211 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20221214-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidized mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) may serve as a quantifiable biomarker of oxidative stress, reported as either mean score for the entire image (intensity) or variability (heterogeneity). This study examines FPF intensity and heterogeneity across a large patient cohort of various Beckman stages of AMD. METHODS This study enrolled patients with isolated AMD and healthy control patients with no retinopathy between 2018 and 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis included stage of AMD, age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking status. Analysis of Variance test compared mean FPF intensity and heterogeneity between disease states. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-six eyes (228 AMD eyes, 228 age-matched control eyes) were included in the final multivariate analysis. Intermediate, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD correlated with significantly increased FPF intensity (P < 0.001, respectively), while all AMD stages correlated with increased FPF heterogeneity (P < 0.001, respectively). FPF intensity and heterogeneity were significant negative predictors of visual acuity (P = 0.018 and 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This prospective observational study further implicates mitochondrial damage in AMD pathophysiology. Long-term clinical trials will be needed to examine the predictive role of FPF imaging in patients over time. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:24-31.].
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Nguyen HP, Shin S, Shin KJ, Tran PH, Park H, De Tran Q, No MH, Sun JS, Kim KW, Kwak HB, Lee S, Cho SK, Yang SG. Protective effect of TPP-Niacin on microgravity-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of retinal epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119384. [PMID: 36302465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effects of spaceflight on the human body are attritubuted to microgravity and space radiation. One of the most sensitive organs affected by them is the eye, particularly the retina. The conditions that astronauts suffer, such as visual acuity, is collectively called a spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS); however, the underlying molecular mechanism of the microgravity-induced ocular pathogenesis is not clearly understood. The current study explored how microgravity affects the retina function in ARPE19 cells in vitro under time-averaged simulated microgravity (μG) generated by clinostat. We found multicellular spheroid (MCS) formation and a significantly decreased cell migration potency under μG conditions compared to 1G in ARPE19 cells. We also observed that μG increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in ARPE19 cells. Subsequently, we showed that μG activates autophagic pathways and ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mitophagy activation is triggered via the mTOR-ULK1-BNIP3 signaling axis. Finally, we validated the effectiveness of TPP-Niacin in mitigating μG-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro, which provides the first experimental evidence for TPP-Niacin as a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate the cellular phenotypes caused by μG in ARPE19 cells. Further investigations are, however, required to determine its physiological functions and biological efficacies in primary human retinal cells, in vivo models, and target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungheon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Shin
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Hoa Tran
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang De Tran
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Sun
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve K Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea.
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Russell MW, Muste JC, Seth K, Kumar M, Rich CA, Singh RP, Traboulsi EI. Functional imaging of mitochondria in genetically confirmed retinal dystrophies using flavoprotein fluorescence. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:834-840. [PMID: 36384402 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2144903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether by indirect oxidative stress or direct genetic defect, various genetic retinal dystrophies involve mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF), reported as either average signal intensity or variability (heterogeneity), may serve as a direct, quantifiable marker of oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study enrolled patients with genetically confirmed retinal dystrophies between January and December 2021. Patients with concomitant maculopathy and ocular hypertension were excluded. Patients were FPF imaged with OcuMet Beacon® third generation device during routine outpatient visit. RESULTS The final analysis cohort included 242 images from 157 patients. Mean FPF intensity was significantly increased between age matched controls and patients with confirmed rod-cone dystrophy, Stargardt disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), and Mitochondrial ATP synthase mutation (P ≤ 0.007). Mean FPF heterogeneity was significantly increased between age matched controls and patients with confirmed rod-cone dystrophy, Stargardt disease, and BBS (P ≤ 0.011). FPF lesions were noted to correlate with Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) lesions in diseases examined. CONCLUSIONS FPF intensity and heterogeneity significantly increased in patients with retinal dystrophies. The correlation of FPF lesions with FAF lesions implies FPF may be a clinically useful biomarker in patients with IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Russell
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Education, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin C Muste
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kanika Seth
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Madhukar Kumar
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Education, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Rishi P Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Structural and Metabolic Imaging After Short-term Use of the Balance Goggles System in Glaucoma Patients: A Pilot Study. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:634-638. [PMID: 35696700 PMCID: PMC9378591 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PRCIS Short-term use of the Balance Goggles System (BGS) in glaucoma patients was not associated with the observable changes in conventional ocular coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but metabolic imaging using peripapillary flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) may represent a useful adjuctive investigation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of the BGS are accompanied by changes in retinal thickness measured by OCT, retinal vascular density measured by ocular coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA), or novel peripapillary metabolic profiling using FPF measured by a fundus camera. DESIGN Prospective comparative case-series. SUBJECTS Eight eyes from 8 patients with open angle glaucoma ranging from mild to severe. METHODS In this prospective, single-center, open-label, nonrandomized, and single-arm study patients received a baseline evaluation including retinal imaging, then 1 hour of negative pressure application through the BGS, followed by repeat retinal imaging. Participants then used the BGS at home for 1 month and underwent a repeat evaluation at the conclusion of the trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in nerve fiber layer thickness, OCTA vascular parameters, and FPF scores. RESULTS Mean baseline IOP was 18.0±3.1 mmHg and there was no significant change in IOP at follow-up. At 1 month compared with baseline, there was a statistically significant improvement in FPF optic nerve head rim scores (12.7±11.6 to 10.5±7.5; P =0.04). In addition, there was a trend toward an increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after 1 month (69.5±14.2 to 72.0±13.7; P =0.1), but there were no statistically significant differences observable with any of the OCTA vascular parameters either at 1 hour or after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant changes observable using conventional OCT imaging after short-term use of the BGS, although metabolic imaging using FPF may be a useful potential biomarker to complement existing investigations. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate these changes.
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11
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kamperi N, Kanara I, Kodukula K, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Tamvakopoulos C, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Chen X. Treatment and prevention of pathological mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal degeneration and in photoreceptor injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115168. [PMID: 35835206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathological deterioration of mitochondrial function is increasingly linked with multiple degenerative illnesses as a mediator of a wide range of neurologic and age-related chronic diseases, including those of genetic origin. Several of these diseases are rare, typically defined in the United States as an illness affecting fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S. population, or about one in 1600 individuals. Vision impairment due to mitochondrial dysfunction in the eye is a prominent feature evident in numerous primary mitochondrial diseases and is common to the pathophysiology of many of the familiar ophthalmic disorders, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity - a collection of syndromes, diseases and disorders with significant unmet medical needs. Focusing on metabolic mitochondrial pathway mechanisms, including the possible roles of cuproptosis and ferroptosis in retinal mitochondrial dysfunction, we shed light on the potential of α-lipoyl-L-carnitine in treating eye diseases. α-Lipoyl-L-carnitine is a bioavailable mitochondria-targeting lipoic acid prodrug that has shown potential in protecting against retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell loss in ophthalmic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Kamperi
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Anastasios N Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Whitney R Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Zamboni
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Zhuang B, Liebl U, Vos MH. Flavoprotein Photochemistry: Fundamental Processes and Photocatalytic Perspectives. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3199-3207. [PMID: 35442696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavins are highly versatile redox-active and colored cofactors in a large variety of proteins. These do include photoenzymes and photoreceptors, although the vast majority performs non-light-driven physiological functions. Nevertheless, electron transfer between flavins and specific nearby amino acid residues (in particular tyrosine, tryptophan, and presumably histidine and arginine) takes place upon excitation of flavin in many flavoproteins. For oxidized flavoproteins these reactions potentially have a photoprotective role. In this Perspective, we outline work on the characterization of early reaction intermediates not only in the relatively well-studied resting oxidized forms but also in the fully reduced and the intrinsically unstable semireduced forms, where ultrafast photooxidation of flavin was recently demonstrated. Along different lines, flavoprotein-based novel photocatalysts for biotechnological applications are presently emerging, employing both substrate photooxidation and photoreduction strategies. Deep insight into the fundamental flavin photochemical reactions may help in guiding and optimizing their development and in the exploration of novel photocatalytic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhuang
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Ursula Liebl
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Marten H Vos
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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13
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Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084287. [PMID: 35457104 PMCID: PMC9025234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system, as has been shown in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Within the retina, the ganglion cells (RGC) are the neurons in charge of processing and sending light information to higher brain centers. Diverse insults and pathological states cause degeneration of RGC, leading to irreversible blindness or impaired vision. RGCs are the measurable endpoints in current research into experimental therapies and diagnosis in multiple ocular pathologies, like glaucoma. RGC subtype classifications are based on morphological, functional, genetical, and immunohistochemical aspects. Although great efforts are being made, there is still no classification accepted by consensus. Moreover, it has been observed that each RGC subtype has a different susceptibility to injury. Characterizing these subtypes together with cell death pathway identification will help to understand the degenerative process in the different injury and pathological models, and therefore prevent it. Here we review the known RGC subtypes, as well as the diagnostic techniques, probes, and biomarkers for programmed and unprogrammed cell death in RGC.
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14
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Wang W, Yan Y, Guo Z, Hou H, Garcia M, Tan X, Anto EO, Mahara G, Zheng Y, Li B, Kang T, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Golubnitschaja O. All around suboptimal health - a joint position paper of the Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:403-433. [PMID: 34539937 PMCID: PMC8435766 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The time-frame between onset of SHS and clinical manifestation of associated disorders is the operational area for an application of reliable risk assessment tools and predictive diagnostics followed by the cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. This article demonstrates advanced strategies in bio/medical sciences and healthcare focused on suboptimal health conditions in the frame-work of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). Potential benefits in healthcare systems and for society at large include but are not restricted to an improved life-quality of major populations and socio-economical groups, advanced professionalism of healthcare-givers and sustainable healthcare economy. Amongst others, following medical areas are proposed to strongly benefit from PPPM strategies applied to the identification and treatment of suboptimal health conditions:Stress overload associated pathologiesMale and female healthPlanned pregnanciesPeriodontal healthEye disordersInflammatory disorders, wound healing and pain management with associated complicationsMetabolic disorders and suboptimal body weightCardiovascular pathologiesCancersStroke, particularly of unknown aetiology and in young individualsSleep medicineSports medicineImproved individual outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zheng Guo
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monique Garcia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xuerui Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gehendra Mahara
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yulu Zheng
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Li
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Timothy Kang
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Chinese Acuology, Perth, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - On Behalf of Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute of Chinese Acuology, Perth, Australia
- School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Characterization of autofluorescence and quantitative protoporphyrin IX biomarkers for optical spectroscopy-guided glioma surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20009. [PMID: 34625597 PMCID: PMC8501114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated fluorescence does not effectively depict low grade gliomas (LGG) or the infiltrative tumor portion of high-grade gliomas (HGG). While spectroscopy improves sensitivity and precision, this is currently limited by autofluorescence and a second protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence state at 620 nm. We investigated the autofluorescence to better characterize the present spectra and thus increase PpIX quantification precision and sensitivity. This study included 128 patients undergoing surgery for malignant glioma. 5-ALA (Gliolan) was administered before anesthesia, and fluorescence was measured using a hyperspectral device. It was found that all 2692 measured spectra consisted of contributions from 620 to 634 nm PpIX, NADH, lipofuscin, and flavins. The basis spectra were characterized and their use in spectral unmixing led to 82.4% lower fitting error for weakly fluorescing areas (p < 0.001), and 92.3% fewer false positive tumor identifications in control measurements (p = 0.0065) compared to previous works. They also decreased the PpIX620 contribution, thus halving the mean Ratio620/634 (p < 0.001). The ratio was approximately 0 for HGGs and increasing for LGGs, as demonstrated previously. Additionally, the Ratio620/634, the MIB-1/Ki-67 proliferation index, and the PpIX peak blue-shift were found to be significantly related to WHO grade, fluorescence visibility, and PpIX contribution (p < 0.001), and the value of these three as quantitative biomarkers is discussed.
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16
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Moons L, De Groef L. Multimodal retinal imaging to detect and understand Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 72:1-7. [PMID: 34399146 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration and visual dysfunctions have been reported in a majority of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, and, in light of the quest for novel biomarkers for these neurodegenerative proteinopathies, the retina has been receiving increasing attention as an organ for diagnosing, monitoring, and understanding disease. Thinning of retinal layers, abnormalities in vasculature, and protein deposition can be imaged at unprecedented resolution, which offers a unique systems biology view on the cellular and molecular changes underlying these pathologies. It makes the retina not only a promising target for biomarker development, but it also suggests that novel fundamental insights into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease can be obtained by studying the retina-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 Box 2464, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 Box 2464, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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17
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Abstract
The eye and brain share common mechanisms of aging and disease, thus the retina is an essential source of accessible information about neurodegenerative processes occurring in the brain. Advances in retinal imaging have led to the discovery of many potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, although further research is needed to validate these associations. Understanding the mechanisms of retinal disease in the context of aging will extend our knowledge of AD and may enable advancements in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
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18
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Koklesova L, Samec M, Liskova A, Zhai K, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golunitschaja O. Mitochondrial impairments in aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases: common origin but individual outcomes in context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:27-40. [PMID: 33686350 PMCID: PMC7931170 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury plays a key role in the aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases exhibiting a "vicious circle" characteristic for pathomechanisms of the mitochondrial and multi-organ damage frequently developed in a reciprocal manner. Although the origin of the damage is common (uncontrolled ROS release, diminished energy production and extensive oxidative stress to life-important biomolecules such as mtDNA and chrDNA), individual outcomes differ significantly representing a spectrum of associated pathologies including but not restricted to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Contextually, the role of predictive, preventive and personalised (PPPM/3P) medicine is to introduce predictive analytical approaches which allow for distinguishing between individual outcomes under circumstance of mitochondrial impairments followed by cost-effective targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services. Current article considers innovative concepts and analytical instruments to advance management of mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golunitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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19
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Lai TYY. Ocular imaging at the cutting-edge. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:1-3. [PMID: 33177656 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Y Y Lai
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,2010 Retina & Macula Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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