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Dong Y, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhu H, Liu L, Zhang M, Chen J, Wang A, Huang T, Hu J, Liang J, Guo Z, He L. FEN1 inhibitor SC13 promotes CAR-T cells infiltration into solid tumours through cGAS-STING signalling pathway. Immunology 2023; 170:388-400. [PMID: 37501391 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T-cell immunotherapy) has excellent therapeutic effect in haematological tumours, but it still faces great challenges in solid tumours, including inefficient T-cell tumour infiltration and poor functional persistence. Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1), highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells, plays an important role in both DNA replication and repair. Previous studies have reported that FEN1 inhibition is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, we hypothesized whether FEN1 inhibitors combined with CAR-T-cell immunotherapy would have a stronger killing effect on solid tumours. The results showed that low dose of FEN1 inhibitors SC13 could induce an increase of double-stranded broken DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm. Cytosolic dsDNA can activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon gene signalling pathway and increase the secretion of chemokines. In vivo, under the action of FEN1 inhibitor SC13, more chemokines were produced at solid tumour sites, which promoted the infiltration of CAR-T cells and improved anti-tumour immunity. These findings suggest that FEN1 inhibitors could enable CAR-T cells to overcome poor T-cell infiltration and improve the treatment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuechen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tinghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing, University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Nikkel DJ, Wetmore SD. Distinctive Formation of a DNA-Protein Cross-Link during the Repair of DNA Oxidative Damage: Insights into Human Disease from MD Simulations and QM/MM Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285289 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species damage DNA and result in health issues. The major damage product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oG), is repaired by human adenine DNA glycosylase homologue (MUTYH). Although MUTYH misfunction is associated with a genetic disorder called MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and MUTYH is a potential target for cancer drugs, the catalytic mechanism required to develop disease treatments is debated in the literature. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics techniques initiated from DNA-protein complexes that represent different stages of the repair pathway to map the catalytic mechanism of the wild-type MUTYH bacterial homologue (MutY). This multipronged computational approach characterizes a DNA-protein cross-linking mechanism that is consistent with all previous experimental data and is a distinct pathway across the broad class of monofunctional glycosylase repair enzymes. In addition to clarifying how the cross-link is formed, accommodated by the enzyme, and hydrolyzed for product release, our calculations rationalize why cross-link formation is favored over immediate glycosidic bond hydrolysis, the accepted mechanism for all other monofunctional DNA glycosylases to date. Calculations on the Y126F mutant MutY highlight critical roles for active site residues throughout the reaction, while investigation of the N146S mutant rationalizes the connection between the analogous N224S MUTYH mutation and MAP. In addition to furthering our knowledge of the chemistry associated with a devastating disorder, the structural information gained about the distinctive MutY mechanism compared to other repair enzymes represents an important step for the development of specific and potent small-molecule inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Nikkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting FEN1 for Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071007. [PMID: 35883563 PMCID: PMC9312813 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a core protein in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and participates in Okazaki fragment maturation during DNA replication. Several studies have implicated FEN1 in the regulation of other DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Abnormal expression or mutation of FEN1 in cells can cause a series of pathological responses, leading to various diseases, including cancers. Moreover, overexpression of FEN1 contributes to drug resistance in several types of cancers. All this supports the hypothesis that FEN1 could be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Targeting FEN1 has been verified as an effective strategy in mono or combined treatment of cancer. Small-molecule compounds targeting FEN1 have also been developed and detected in cancer regression. In this review, we summarize the recent development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FEN1 in recent years, thereby expanding their therapeutic potential and application.
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Donati E, Vidossich P, De Vivo M. Molecular Mechanism of Phosphate Steering for DNA Binding, Cleavage Localization, and Substrate Release in Nucleases. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Donati
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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