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Wade C, Williams T, Labrum R, Patel Y, Cali E, Davagnanam I, Adams ME, Barkhof F, Murphy E, Chataway J, Houlden H, Lynch DS. Leukoencephalopathy caused by a 17p13.3 microdeletion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024; 95:290-292. [PMID: 37734926 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Wade
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Williams
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Rare & Inherited Disease Laboratory, North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, London, UK
| | - Yogen Patel
- Rare & Inherited Disease Laboratory, North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, London, UK
| | - Elisa Cali
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Indran Davagnanam
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Matthew E Adams
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - David S Lynch
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Baker EK, Brewer CJ, Ferreira L, Schapiro M, Tenney J, Wied HM, Kline-Fath BM, Smolarek TA, Weaver KN, Hopkin RJ. Further expansion and confirmation of phenotype in rare loss of YWHAE gene distinct from Miller-Dieker syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:526-539. [PMID: 36433683 PMCID: PMC10099970 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of 17p13.3 has varying degrees of severity on brain development based on precise location and size of the deletion. The most severe phenotype is Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) which is characterized by lissencephaly, dysmorphic facial features, growth failure, developmental disability, and often early death. Haploinsufficiency of PAFAH1B1 is responsible for the characteristic lissencephaly in MDS. The precise role of YWHAE haploinsufficiency in MDS is unclear. Case reports are beginning to elucidate the phenotypes of individuals with 17p13.3 deletions that have deletion of YWHAE but do not include deletion of PAFAH1B1. Through our clinical genetics practice, we identified four individuals with 17p13.3 deletion that include YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1. These patients have a similar phenotype of dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, and leukoencephalopathy. In a review of the literature, we identified 19 patients with 17p13.3 microdeletion sparing PAFAH1B1 but deleting YWHAE. Haploinsufficiency of YWHAE is associated with brain abnormalities including cystic changes. These individuals have high frequency of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features including prominent forehead, epicanthal folds, and broad nasal root. We conclude that deletion of 17p13.3 excluding PAFAH1B1 but including YWHAE is associated with a consistent phenotype and should be considered a distinct condition from MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Baker
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Casey J Brewer
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leonardo Ferreira
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Schapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tenney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather M Wied
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Division of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Teresa A Smolarek
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Let Time Teach You: A Case Report of a Double Diagnosis of 17P Duplication and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122197. [PMID: 36553464 PMCID: PMC9778043 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and 17p13.3 microduplication share multiple clinical features such as muscle hypotonia, cleft palate, and growth impairment. This paper describes a patient who was first diagnosed with the duplication and a decade later also with FKBP14-kEDS. The latter was initially overlooked due to the pathogenic significance attributed to the duplication and to the fact that, at the time of the first diagnosis, this specific form of kEDS had yet to be discovered. The patient's progressive kyphoscoliosis and severe joint laxity were the clinical features that prompted the patient's physiatrist to reassess the genetic work-up. This extreme latency caused inaccurate management in the patient's follow-up program, which ultimately may have resulted in preventable clinical complications. This report underlines the importance of remaining up-to-date with patient status, reviewing old cases, and relying on specialist advice to reach a correct diagnosis.
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Zhang YL, Jing XY, Zhen L, Pan M, Han J, Li DZ. Prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly: Ultrasonography and genetically investigative results. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 274:28-32. [PMID: 35567955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the experience on prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS)/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly to further determine fetal phenotypes of this syndrome. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of ten pregnancies with fetal MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly identified by chromosomal microarray (CMA)/exome sequencing (ES). Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, CMA or ES results and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Two cases were diagnosed in the first trimester because of an increased nuchal translucency. The remaining eight cases were identified at late gestation, including four in the second trimester because of fetal cardiac anomalies or ventriculomegaly, and four in the third trimester because of ventriculomegaly. CMA revealed 17p13.3 deletions in nine cases, and ES detected a de novo PAFAH1B1 missense mutation in one case. CONCLUSION The prenatal presentation of MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly depended on the gestational age when the diagnosis was made. Mild ventriculomegaly was the most common prenatal sonographic sign identified in cases of MDS/PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly. It is important that fetal MRI and invasive testing with CMA should be considered in fetuses with apparently 'isolated' mild ventriculomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ling Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Jing
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Pan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Han
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Jin X, Dai M, Zhou Y. Genetic variation of YWHAE gene-"Switch" of disease control. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:101-108. [PMID: 35545369 PMCID: PMC10930477 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
YWHAE gene is located on chromosome 17p13.3, and its product 14-3-3epsilon protein belongs to 14-3-3 protein family. As a molecular scaffold, YWHAE participates in biological processes such as cell adhesion, cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and malignant transformation, and is closely related to many diseases. Overexpression of YWHAE in breast cancer can increase the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. In gastric cancer, YWHAE acts as a negative regulator of MYC and CDC25B, which reduces their expression and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and enhances YWHAE-mediated transactivation of NF-κB through CagA. In colorectal cancer, YWHAE lncRNA, as a sponge molecule of miR-323a-3p and miR-532-5p, can compete for endogenous RNA through direct interaction with miR-323a-3p and miR-532-5p, thus up-regulating K-RAS/ERK/1/2 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and promoting the cell cycle progression of the colorectal cancer. YWHAE not only mediates tumorigenesis as a competitive endogenous RNA, but also affects gene expression through chromosome variation. For example, the FAM22B-YWHAE fusion gene caused by t(10; 17) (q22; p13) may be associated with the development of endometrial stromal sarcoma. At the same time, the fusion transcript of YWHAE and NUTM2B/E may also lead to the occurrence of endometrial stromal sarcoma. To understand the relationship between YWHAE, NUTM2A, and NUTM2B gene rearrangement/fusion and malignant tumor, YWHAE-FAM22 fusion gene/translocation and tumor, YWHAE gene polymorphism and mental illness, as well as the relationship between 17p13.3 region change and disease occurrence. It provides new idea and basis for understanding the effect of YWHAE gene molecular mechanism and genetic variation on the disease progression, and for the targeted for the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
- Institute of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha 4100011.
| | - Minhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
- Institute of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha 4100011.
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Lerner-Ellis J, Mighton C, Lazaro C, Watkins N, Di Gioacchino V, Wong A, Chang MC, Charames GS. Multigene panel testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the province of Ontario. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:871-879. [PMID: 32885271 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of multigene panel testing among patients referred with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). METHODS Patients who met provincial eligibility criteria were tested at the Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto. Gene sequencing and exon-level copy number variant (CNV) analysis was performed. The referring physician had the opportunity to choose between several different gene panels based on patient phenotype. Cases were included in the analysis based on personal and family history of cancer and the type of panel ordered. RESULTS 3251 cases that received panel testing were included in this analysis. Overall, 9.1% (295) had a positive (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) result and 27.1% (882) had an inconclusive result (variant of uncertain significance). The genes with the highest prevalence of positive results were in BRCA2 (2.2%, 71/3235), BRCA1 (1.9%, 62/3235), and CHEK2 (1.4%, 40/2916). Of the positive cases, 9.8% (29) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a gene associated with Lynch syndrome (MSH6, MSH2, MLH1, or PMS2). CONCLUSIONS Our overall positive yield is similar to that reported in the literature. The yield of inconclusive results was three times that of positive results. By testing more individuals in families with HBOC and through data-sharing efforts, the clinical significance of most variants may eventually be determined and panel testing for monogenic cancer predisposition syndromes will have greater utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Chloe Mighton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Watkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Di Gioacchino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin C Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - George S Charames
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shukla A, Kaur P, Narayanan DL, do Rosario MC, Kadavigere R, Girisha KM. Genetic disorders with central nervous system white matter abnormalities: An update. Clin Genet 2021; 99:119-132. [PMID: 33047326 PMCID: PMC9951823 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic disorders have variable degree of central nervous system white matter abnormalities. We retrieved and reviewed 422 genetic conditions with prominent and consistent involvement of white matter from the literature. We herein describe the current definitions, classification systems, clinical spectrum, neuroimaging findings, genomics, and molecular mechanisms of these conditions. Though diagnosis for most of these disorders relies mainly on genomic tests, specifically exome sequencing, we collate several clinical and neuroimaging findings still relevant in diagnosis of clinically recognizable disorders. We also review the current understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutics of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Michelle C do Rosario
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Shi X, Huang W, Lu J, He W, Liu Q, Wu J. Prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome by chromosomal microarray. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 85:92-96. [PMID: 33026665 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the experience on prenatal diagnosis of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) to further delineate the fetal presentation of this syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Fetal MDS was diagnosed prenatally by chromosomal microarray (CMA). Clinical data were reviewed for these cases, including maternal characteristics, indications for prenatal diagnosis, sonographic findings, CMA results, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Four cases were diagnosis as MDS by CMA. The most common sonographic features were ventriculomegaly (3/4) and polyhydramnios (2/4). Deletion sizes ranged from 1.5 to 5.4 Mb. All microdeletions were located at the MDS critical region and showed haploinsufficiency of the YWHAE, CRK, and PAFAH1B1. All patients chose to terminate the pregnancy. Parental chromosome analysis were preformed in three cases and demonstrated that two cases were de novo and one case was caused by inherited derivative chromosomes from parental balanced translocations. CONCLUSION The most common prenatal ultrasound findings of MDS were ventriculomegaly and polyhydramnios. CMA can improve diagnostic precision for detecting MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Shi
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Gentic Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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