1
|
Furtado CLM, Soares MR, Verruma CG, de Oliveira Gennaro FG, da Silva LECM, Ferriani RA, Dos Reis RM. BCORL1, POF1B, and USP9X copy number variation in women with idiopathic diminished ovarian reserve. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03185-8. [PMID: 38995507 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the copy number variation (CNV) in the X-linked genes BCORL1, POF1B, and USP9X in idiopathic diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS This case-control study included 47 women, 26 with DOR and 21 in the control group. Age, weight, height, BMI, and FSH level were evaluated, as well as antral follicle count (AFC), oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian stimulation, and metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The CNVs of BCORL1, USP9X, and POF1B genes were measured by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) using two reference genes, the HPRT1 (X-linked) and MFN2 (autosomal). Protein-protein interaction network and functional enrichment analysis were performed using the STRING database. RESULTS The mean age was 36.52 ± 4.75 in DOR women and 35.38 ± 4.14 in control. Anthropometric measures did not differ between the DOR and control groups. DOR women presented higher FSH (p = 0.0025) and lower AFC (p < .0001), oocyte retrieval after COS (p = 0.0004), and MII oocytes (p < .0001) when compared to the control group. BCORL1 and POF1B did not differ in copy number between DOR and control. However, DOR women had more copies of USP9X than the control group (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION The increase in the number of copies of the USP9X gene may lead to overexpression in idiopathic DOR and contribute to altered folliculogenesis and oocyte retrieval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gennari Verruma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Gaona de Oliveira Gennaro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yatsenko SA, Witchel SF, Gordon CM. Primary Amenorrhea and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024; 53:293-305. [PMID: 38677871 PMCID: PMC11110077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on primary amenorrhea and primary/premature ovarian insufficiency due to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Following a thoughtful, thorough evaluation, a diagnosis can usually be discerned. Pubertal induction and ongoing estrogen replacement therapy are often necessary. Shared decision-making involving the patient, family, and health-care team can empower the young person and family to successfully thrive with these chronic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Selma F Witchel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Catherine M Gordon
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sriram S, Shahid N, Mysliwiec D D, Lichter-Konecki U, Yatsenko SA, Garibaldi LR. Late diagnosis of the X-linked MCT8 deficiency (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome) in a teenage girl with primary ovarian insufficiency. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:371-374. [PMID: 38345890 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report an unusual case of MCT8 deficiency (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome), an X-linked condition caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC16A2 gene. Defective transport of thyroid hormones (THs) in this condition leads to severe neurodevelopmental impairment in males, while heterozygous females are usually asymptomatic or have mild TH abnormalities. CASE PRESENTATION A girl with profound developmental delay, epilepsy, primary amenorrhea, elevated T3, low T4 and free T4 levels was diagnosed with MCT8-deficiency at age 17 years, during evaluation for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated balanced t(X;16)(q13.2;q12.1) translocation with a breakpoint disrupting SLC16A2. X-chromosome inactivation studies revealed a skewed inactivation of the normal X chromosome. CONCLUSIONS MCT8-deficiency can manifest clinically and phenotypically in women with SLC16A2 aberrations when nonrandom X inactivation occurs, while lack of X chromosome integrity due to translocation can cause POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sriram
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nabiha Shahid
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diana Mysliwiec D
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uta Lichter-Konecki
- Division of Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luigi R Garibaldi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou R, Jiao J, Wang Y, Meng L, Li Y, Xu Y, Hu P, Xu Z. Systematic analysis of copy number variants of uncertain significance partially overlapping with the haploinsufficient or triplosensitive genes in clinical testing. Ann Med 2023; 55:2276824. [PMID: 37917952 PMCID: PMC10623895 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2276824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Copy number variants of uncertain significance (VUS) has brought much distress for patients and great counselling challenges for clinicians. Of these, a special type of VUS (HT-VUS), harbouring one or both breakpoints within the established haploinsufficient or triplosensitive genes, were considered to be more likely to cause clinical effects compared with other types of VUS.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the properties and clinical significance of those HT-VUS samples in clinical testing for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).Results: A total of 7150 samples were selected for HT-VUS screening, and 75 (1.05%) subjects with 75 HT-VUS were found. The majority of these HT-VUS were heterozygous duplications and chromosome X had the most HT-VUS. The prevalence of HT-VUS was 0.90% (28/3116) for prenatal low-risk samples, 1.18% (26/2196) for prenatal high-risk samples, 1.37% (10/728) for postnatal samples and 0.99% (11/1110) for early pregnancy loss samples. However, the incidence of HT-VUS was not statistically different between different groups.Conclusions: HT-VUS (deletions or duplications) involving introns and HT-VUS (duplications) including terminal coding exons (either the first or last exons) might be clinically neutral. Our study will be helpful for both interpretation and genetic counselling in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pierson Smela MD, Kramme CC, Fortuna PRJ, Adams JL, Su R, Dong E, Kobayashi M, Brixi G, Kavirayuni VS, Tysinger E, Kohman RE, Shioda T, Chatterjee P, Church GM. Directed differentiation of human iPSCs to functional ovarian granulosa-like cells via transcription factor overexpression. eLife 2023; 12:e83291. [PMID: 36803359 PMCID: PMC9943069 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro model of human ovarian follicles would greatly benefit the study of female reproduction. Ovarian development requires the combination of germ cells and several types of somatic cells. Among these, granulosa cells play a key role in follicle formation and support for oogenesis. Whereas efficient protocols exist for generating human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), a method of generating granulosa cells has been elusive. Here, we report that simultaneous overexpression of two transcription factors (TFs) can direct the differentiation of hiPSCs to granulosa-like cells. We elucidate the regulatory effects of several granulosa-related TFs and establish that overexpression of NR5A1 and either RUNX1 or RUNX2 is sufficient to generate granulosa-like cells. Our granulosa-like cells have transcriptomes similar to human fetal ovarian cells and recapitulate key ovarian phenotypes including follicle formation and steroidogenesis. When aggregated with hPGCLCs, our cells form ovary-like organoids (ovaroids) and support hPGCLC development from the premigratory to the gonadal stage as measured by induction of DAZL expression. This model system will provide unique opportunities for studying human ovarian biology and may enable the development of therapies for female reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merrick D Pierson Smela
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Christian C Kramme
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Patrick RJ Fortuna
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jessica L Adams
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rui Su
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Edward Dong
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mutsumi Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Garyk Brixi
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Venkata Srikar Kavirayuni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Emma Tysinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Richie E Kohman
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Pranam Chatterjee
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Song J, Chuai Y, Chen F, Song C, Shu M, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhai X, Han S, Yao S, Shen K, Shang W, Zhang L. The mining and construction of a knowledge base for gene-disease association in mitochondrial diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23909. [PMID: 34903783 PMCID: PMC8668972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of heterogeneous genetic metabolic diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) gene mutations. Mining the gene-disease association of mitochondrial diseases is helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases, for carrying out early clinical diagnosis for related diseases, and for formulating better treatment strategies for mitochondrial diseases. This project researched the relationship between genes and mitochondrial diseases, combined the Malacards, Genecards, and MITOMAP disease databases to mine the knowledge on mitochondrial diseases and genes, used database integration and the sequencing method of the phenolyzer tool to integrate disease-related genes from different databases, and sorted the disease-related candidate genes. Finally, we screened 531 mitochondrial related diseases, extracted 26,723 genes directly or indirectly related to mitochondria, collected 24,602 variant sites on 1474 genes, and established a mitochondrial disease knowledge base (MitDisease) with a core of genes, diseases, and variants. This knowledge base is helpful for clinicians who want to combine the results of gene testing for diagnosis, to understand the occurrence and development of mitochondrial diseases, and to develop corresponding treatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Junying Song
- Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Yunhai Chuai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Mingming Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Beijing Geneworks Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shujie Han
- Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kexin Shen
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5, Nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smolander J, Khan S, Singaravelu K, Kauko L, Lund RJ, Laiho A, Elo LL. Evaluation of tools for identifying large copy number variations from ultra-low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:357. [PMID: 34000988 PMCID: PMC8130438 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of copy number variations (CNVs) from high-throughput next-generation whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data has become a widely used research method during the recent years. However, only a little is known about the applicability of the developed algorithms to ultra-low-coverage (0.0005-0.8×) data that is used in various research and clinical applications, such as digital karyotyping and single-cell CNV detection. RESULT Here, the performance of six popular read-depth based CNV detection algorithms (BIC-seq2, Canvas, CNVnator, FREEC, HMMcopy, and QDNAseq) was studied using ultra-low-coverage WGS data. Real-world array- and karyotyping kit-based validation were used as a benchmark in the evaluation. Additionally, ultra-low-coverage WGS data was simulated to investigate the ability of the algorithms to identify CNVs in the sex chromosomes and the theoretical minimum coverage at which these tools can accurately function. Our results suggest that while all the methods were able to detect large CNVs, many methods were susceptible to producing false positives when smaller CNVs (< 2 Mbp) were detected. There was also significant variability in their ability to identify CNVs in the sex chromosomes. Overall, BIC-seq2 was found to be the best method in terms of statistical performance. However, its significant drawback was by far the slowest runtime among the methods (> 3 h) compared with FREEC (~ 3 min), which we considered the second-best method. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative analysis demonstrates that CNV detection from ultra-low-coverage WGS data can be a highly accurate method for the detection of large copy number variations when their length is in millions of base pairs. These findings facilitate applications that utilize ultra-low-coverage CNV detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Smolander
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalaimathy Singaravelu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Leni Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka J Lund
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yatsenko SA, Quesada-Candela C, Saller DN, Beck S, Jaffe R, Kostadinov S, Yanowitz J, Rajkovic A. Cytogenetic signatures of recurrent pregnancy losses. Prenat Diagn 2020; 41:70-78. [PMID: 33015842 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the products of conception (POC) of patients with spontaneous miscarriages (SM) and with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and to determine biological mechanisms contributing to RPL. METHODS During a 20-year period, 12 096 POC samples underwent classical chromosome analysis. Cytogenetic findings were compared between the SM and RPL cohorts. RESULTS Analysis of RPL cohort has identified an increased incidence of inherited and de novo structural chromosome abnormalities, recurrent polyploid conceptions, and complex mosaic alterations. These abnormalities are the signature of genomic instability, posing a high risk of genetic abnormalities to offspring independent of maternal age. Predominance of male conceptions in the RPL cohort points toward an X-linked etiology and gender-specific intolerance for certain genetic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed several possible genetic etiologies of RPL, including parental structural chromosome rearrangements, predisposition to meiotic nondisjunction, and genomic instability. Loss of karyotypically normal fetuses might be attributed to defects in genes essential for fetal development, as well as aberrations affecting the X chromosome. Molecular studies of parental and POC genomes will help to identify inherited defects in genes involved in meiotic divisions and DNA repair to confirm our hypotheses, and to discover novel fetal-essential genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristina Quesada-Candela
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devereux N Saller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy Beck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald Jaffe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Kostadinov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith Yanowitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Genetics of human female infertility†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:549-566. [PMID: 31077289 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About 10% of women of reproductive age are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a wide range of causes affecting ovarian development, maturation of oocytes, and fertilization competence, as well as the potential of a fertilized egg for preimplantation development, implantation, and fetal growth. Genetic abnormalities leading to infertility in females comprise large chromosome abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosome deletion and duplications, and DNA sequence variations in the genes that control numerous biological processes implicated in oogenesis, maintenance of ovarian reserve, hormonal signaling, and anatomical and functional development of female reproductive organs. Despite the great number of genes implicated in reproductive physiology by the study of animal models, only a subset of these genes is associated with human infertility. In this review, we mainly focus on genetic alterations identified in humans and summarize recent knowledge on the molecular pathways of oocyte development and maturation, the crucial role of maternal-effect factors during embryogenesis, and genetic conditions associated with ovarian dysgenesis, primary ovarian insufficiency, early embryonic lethality, and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Premature ovarian insufficiency: clinical orientations for genetic testing and genetic counseling. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e62. [PMID: 33299945 PMCID: PMC7722400 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disorder diagnosed in women before 40 years old and describes a wide range of impaired ovarian function, from diminished ovarian reserve to premature ovarian failure. Genetic etiology accounts for 20% to 25% of patients. The evidence that POI can be isolated (nonsyndromic) or part of a pleiotropic genetic syndrome highlights its high heterogeneous etiology. Chromosomal abnormalities as a cause of POI have a prevalence of 10% to 13%, being 45,X complement the most common cytogenetic cause of primary amenorrhea and mosaicism with a 45,X cell line more frequently associated with secondary amenorrhea. Other X chromosome aberrations include deletions, duplications, balanced, and unbalanced X-autosome rearrangements involving the critical region for the POI phenotype (Xq13-Xq21 to Xq23-Xq27). The identification of 2 or more pathogenic variants in distinct genes argues in favor of a polygenic origin for POI. Hundreds of pathogenic variants (including mitochondrial) have been involved in POI etiology mainly with key roles in biological processes in the ovary, such as meiosis and DNA damage repair mechanism, homologous recombination, follicular development, granulosa cell differentiation and proliferation, and ovulation. The most common single gene cause for POI is the premutation for FMR1 gene (associated with fragile X syndrome) with alleles ranging from about 55 to about 200 CGG trinucleotide repeats. POI occurs in 20% of women with this premutation. As females with premutation or full mutation alleles are also at risk of having affected children, their genetic counseling should include the indication for prenatal diagnosis or preimplantation genetic testing after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and trophectoderm biopsy. In conclusion, in clinical practice high-resolution karyotype and FMR1 gene molecular study should be performed as first-tier tests in the assessment of POI. In addition, array Comparative Genomic Hybridization or specific next generation sequencing panels should be considered to identify chromosomal deletions/duplications under karyotype resolution or other pathogenic variants in specific genes associated with POI. This is particularly important in patients with first- or second-degree relatives also affected with POI, improving their reproductive and genetic counseling.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fang H, Disteche CM, Berletch JB. X Inactivation and Escape: Epigenetic and Structural Features. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:219. [PMID: 31632970 PMCID: PMC6779695 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X inactivation represents a complex multi-layer epigenetic mechanism that profoundly modifies chromatin composition and structure of one X chromosome in females. The heterochromatic inactive X chromosome adopts a unique 3D bipartite structure and a location close to the nuclear periphery or the nucleolus. X-linked lncRNA loci and their transcripts play important roles in the recruitment of proteins that catalyze chromatin and DNA modifications for silencing, as well as in the control of chromatin condensation and location of the inactive X chromosome. A subset of genes escapes X inactivation, raising questions about mechanisms that preserve their expression despite being embedded within heterochromatin. Escape gene expression differs between males and females, which can lead to physiological sex differences. We review recent studies that emphasize challenges in understanding the role of lncRNAs in the control of epigenetic modifications, structural features and nuclear positioning of the inactive X chromosome. Second, we highlight new findings about the distribution of genes that escape X inactivation based on single cell studies, and discuss the roles of escape genes in eliciting sex differences in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christine M. Disteche
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel B. Berletch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|