1
|
Sharif R, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Sohail H, Li S, Chen X, Qi X. microRNA regulates cytokinin induced parthenocarpy in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108681. [PMID: 38776825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is one of the most important agronomic traits for fruit yield in cucumbers. However, the precise gene regulation and the posttranscriptional mechanism are elusive. In the presented study, one parthenocarpic line DDX and non-parthenocarpic line ZK were applied to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in parthenocarpic fruit formation. The differential expressed miRNAs among parthenocarpic fruit of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) treated ZK (ZK-CPPU), pollinated ZK (ZK-P), non-pollinated DDX (DDX-NP) were compared with the non-parthenocarpic fruits of non-pollinated ZK (ZK-NP). It indicated 98 miRNAs exhibited differential expression were identified. Notably, a significant proportion of these miRNAs were enriched in the signal transduction pathway of plant hormones, as identified by the KEGG pathway analysis. qRT-PCR validation indicated that CsmiR156 family was upregulated in the ZK-NP while downregulated in ZK-CPPU, ZK-P, and DDX-NP at 1 day after anthesis. Meanwhile, the opposite trend was observed for CsmiR164a. In ZK-CPPU, ZK-P, and DDX-NP, CsmiRNA156 genes (CsSPL16 and CsARR9-like) were upregulated while CsmiRNA164a genes (CsNAC6, CsCUC1, and CsNAC100) were downregulated. The GUS and dual luciferase assay validated that CsmiR156a inhibited while CsmiR164a induced their target genes' transcription. This study presents novel insights into the involvement of CsmiR156a and CsmiR164a in the CK-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of cucumber parthenocarpy, which will aid future breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yamei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yaoyue Huang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Li Y, Guo H, Lv B, Feng J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Chai S. Gibberellin biosynthesis is required for CPPU-induced parthenocarpy in melon. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad084. [PMID: 37323228 PMCID: PMC10266944 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spraying N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU), an exogenous cytokinin (CK) growth regulator, is the conventional method for inducing fruit set during melon (Cucumis melo L.) production; however, the mechanism by which CPPU induces fruit set is unclear. Through histological and morphological observations, fruit size was comparable between CPPU-induced fruits and normal pollinated fruits because CPPU-induced fruits had higher cell density but smaller cell size compared with normal pollinated fruits. CPPU promotes the accumulation of gibberellin (GA) and auxin and decreases the level of abscisic acid (ABA) during fruit set. Moreover, application of the GA inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) partially inhibits CPPU-induced fruit set. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CPPU-induced fruit set specifically induced the GA-related pathway, in which the key synthase encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase 1 (CmGA20ox1) was specifically upregulated. Further study indicated that the two-component response regulator 2 (CmRR2) of the cytokinin signaling pathway, which is highly expressed at fruit setting, positively regulates the expression of CmGA20ox1. Collectively, our study determined that CPPU-induced melon fruit set is dependent on GA biosynthesis, providing a theoretical basis for the creation of parthenocarpic melon germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bingsheng Lv
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Sen Chai
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang Y, Bai J, Xie Z, Lian Z, Guo J, Zhao F, Liang Y, Huo H, Gong H. Tomato sucrose transporter SlSUT4 participates in flowering regulation by modulating gibberellin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1080-1098. [PMID: 36943245 PMCID: PMC10231472 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The functions of sucrose transporters (SUTs) differ among family members. The physiological function of SUT1 has been studied intensively, while that of SUT4 in various plant species including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is less well-understood. In this study, we characterized the function of tomato SlSUT4 in the regulation of flowering using a combination of molecular and physiological analyses. SlSUT4 displayed transport activity for sucrose when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and it localized at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast. SlSUT4 interacted with SlSUT1, causing partial internalization of the latter, the main phloem loader of sucrose in tomato. Silencing of SlSUT4 promoted SlSUT1 localization to the plasma membrane, contributing to increased sucrose export and thus increased sucrose level in the shoot apex, which promoted flowering. Both silencing of SlSUT4 and spraying with sucrose suppressed gibberellin biosynthesis through repression of ent-kaurene oxidase and gibberellin 20-oxidase-1 (2 genes encoding key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis) expression by SlMYB76, which directly bound to their promoters. Silencing of SlMYB76 promoted gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that SlSUT4 is a functional SUT in tomato; downregulation of SlSUT4 expression enhances sucrose transport to the shoot apex, which promotes flowering by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Bai
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhilong Xie
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Lian
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feiyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Haijun Gong
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He R, Tang Y, Wang D. Coordinating Diverse Functions of miRNA and lncRNA in Fleshy Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:411. [PMID: 36679124 PMCID: PMC9866404 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs play vital roles in the diverse biological processes of plants, and they are becoming key topics in horticulture research. In particular, miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are receiving increased attention in fruit crops. Recent studies in horticulture research provide both genetic and molecular evidence that miRNAs and lncRNAs regulate biological function and stress responses during fruit development. Here, we summarize multiple regulatory modules of miRNAs and lncRNAs and their biological roles in fruit sets and stress responses, which would guide the development of molecular breeding techniques on horticultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reqing He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yajun Tang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Li Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y. High Efficiency Regeneration System from Blueberry Leaves and Stems. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010242. [PMID: 36676191 PMCID: PMC9861610 DOI: 10.3390/life13010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The main propagation approach is tissue culture in blueberries, and tissue culture is an effective and low-cost method with higher economic efficiency in blueberries. However, there is a lack of stable and efficient production systems of industrialization of tissue culture in blueberries. In this study, the high-efficiency tissue culture and rapid propagation technology system were established based on blueberry leaves and stems. The optimal medium for callus induction was WPM (woody plant medium) containing 2.0 mg/L Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), 0.2 mg/L 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip) with a 97% callus induction rate and a callus differentiation rate of 71% by using blueberry leaves as explants. The optimal secondary culture of the leaf callus medium was WPM containing 3.0 mg/L CPPU with an increment coefficient of 24%. The optimal bud growth medium was WPM containing 1.0 mg/L CPPU, 0.4 mg/L 2-ip, with which the growth of the bud was better, stronger and faster. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (1/2MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/L naphthylacetic acid (NAA), with which the rooting rate was 90% with shorter rooting time and more adventitious root. In addition, we established a regeneration system based on blueberry stems. The optimal preculture medium in blueberry stem explants was MS medium containing 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) containing 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.1 mg/L CPPU, 100 mg/L NaCl, with which the germination rate of the bud was 93%. The optimal medium for fast plant growth was MS medium containing MES containing 0.4 mg/L zeatin (ZT), 1 mg/L putrescine, 1 mg/L spermidine, 1 mg/L spermidine, which had a good growth state and growth rate. The optimal cultivation for plantlet growth was MS medium containing MES containing 0.5 mg/L isopentene adenine, with which the plantlet was strong. The optimal rooting medium for the stem was 1/2MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L NAA, with which the rooting rate was 93% with a short time and more adventitious root. In conclusion, we found that stem explants had higher regeneration efficiency for a stable and efficient production system of industrialization of tissue culture. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support in precision breeding and standardization and industrialization in the blueberry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Zhou
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zejia Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Wan S, He J, Yu Y. Accumulation of Galactinol and ABA Is Involved in Exogenous EBR-Induced Drought Tolerance in Tea Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13391-13403. [PMID: 36218024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress severely limits growth and causes losses in the yield of tea plants. Exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) positively regulates drought responses in various plants. However, whether EBR could contribute to drought resistance in tea plants and the underlying mechanisms has not been investigated. Here, we found that EBR application is beneficial for the drought tolerance of tea plants. The transcriptome results revealed that EBR could contribute to tea plant drought resistance by promoting galactinol and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis gene expression. The content of galactinol was elevated by EBR and EBR-responsive CsDof1.1 positively regulated the expression of the galactinol synthase genes CsGolS2-1 and CsGolS2-2 to contribute to the accumulation of galactinol by directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, exogenous EBR was found to elevate the expression of genes related to ABA signal transduction and stomatal closure regulation, which resulted in the promotion of stomatal closure. In addition, EBR-responsive CsMYC2-2 is involved in ABA accumulation by binding to the promoters CsNCED1 and CsNCED2 to activate their expression. In summary, findings in this study provide knowledge into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of EBR-induced drought resistance in tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yezi Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingqing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siqing Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyuan He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Flashforward Look into Solutions for Fruit and Vegetable Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101886. [PMID: 36292770 PMCID: PMC9602186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing current and future generations is how climate change and continuous population growth adversely affect food security. To address this, the food system needs a complete transformation where more is produced in non-optimal and space-limited areas while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fruits and vegetables, essential for human health, are high-value-added crops, which are grown in both greenhouses and open field environments. Here, we review potential practices to reduce the impact of climate variation and ecosystem damages on fruit and vegetable crop yield, as well as highlight current bottlenecks for indoor and outdoor agrosystems. To obtain sustainability, high-tech greenhouses are increasingly important and biotechnological means are becoming instrumental in designing the crops of tomorrow. We discuss key traits that need to be studied to improve agrosystem sustainability and fruit yield.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Zhao B, Sun Y, Feng Y. Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978223. [PMID: 36267949 PMCID: PMC9578688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural plants such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants are crucial to human life and socioeconomic development. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid compounds, control numerous developmental processes of plants. The roles of GAs in regulating growth and development of horticultural plants, and in regulating significant progress have been clarified. These findings have significant implications for promoting the quality and quantity of the products of horticultural plants. Here we review recent progress in determining the roles of GAs (including biosynthesis and signaling) in regulating plant stature, axillary meristem outgrowth, compound leaf development, flowering time, and parthenocarpy. These findings will provide a solid foundation for further improving the quality and quantity of horticultural plants products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharif R, Su L, Chen X, Qi X. Hormonal interactions underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6497882. [PMID: 35031797 PMCID: PMC8788353 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In some horticultural crops, such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae species, fruit set and development can occur without the fertilization of ovules, a process known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that can not only mitigate fruit yield losses caused by environmental stresses but can also induce the development of seedless fruit, which is a desirable trait for consumers. In the present review, the induction of parthenocarpic fruit by the application of hormones such as auxins (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; naphthaleneacetic acid), cytokinins (forchlorfenuron; 6-benzylaminopurine), gibberellic acids, and brassinosteroids is first presented. Then, the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit formation, mainly related to plant hormones, are presented. Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are categorized as primary players in initiating fruit set. Other hormones, such as ethylene, brassinosteroids, and melatonin, also participate in parthenocarpic fruit formation. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between these hormones is crucial for deciding the fate of fruit set. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future directions of research on parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Zhang H, Liang F, Cong L, Song L, Li X, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Ma F, Xu L. PbEIL1 acts upstream of PbCysp1 to regulate ovule senescence in seedless pear. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:59. [PMID: 33750791 PMCID: PMC7943805 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental and endogenous signals control the highly orchestrated and intricate process of plant senescence. Ethylene, a well-known inducer of senescence, has long been considered a key endogenous regulator of leaf and flower senescence, but the molecular mechanism of ethylene-induced ovule senescence has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that blockage of fertilization caused ovule abortion in the pear cultivar '1913'. According to transcriptome and phytohormone content data, ethylene biosynthesis was activated by pollination. At the same time, ethylene overaccumulated in ovules, where cells were sensitive to ethylene signals in the absence of fertilization. We identified a transcription factor in the ethylene signal response, ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIL1), as a likely participant in ovule senescence. Overexpression of PbEIL1 in tomato caused precocious onset of ovule senescence. We further found that EIL1 could directly bind to the promoter of the SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED CYSTEINE PROTEINASE 1 (PbCysp1) gene and act upstream of senescence. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed the interaction of the transcription factor and the promoter DNA sequence and demonstrated that PbEIL1 enhanced the action of PbCysp1. Collectively, our results provide new insights into how ethylene promotes the progression of unfertilized ovule senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fangfang Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liu Cong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linyan Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xieyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|