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Wei H, Wang B, Xu Y, Fan W, Zhang M, Huang F, Shi C, Li T, Wang S, Wang S. The Mechanism of Ovule Abortion in Self-Pollinated 'Hanfu' Apple Fruits and Related Gene Screening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:996. [PMID: 38611525 PMCID: PMC11013273 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Apples exhibit S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility and typically require cross-pollination in nature. 'Hanfu' is a cultivar that produces abundant fruit after self-pollination, although it also shows a high rate of seed abortion afterwards, which greatly reduces fruit quality. In this study, we investigated the ovule development process and the mechanism of ovule abortion in apples after self-pollination. Using a DIC microscope and biomicroscope, we found that the abortion of apple ovules occurs before embryo formation and results from the failure of sperm-egg fusion. Further, we used laser-assisted microdissection (LAM) cutting and sperm and egg cell sequencing at different periods after pollination to obtain the genes related to ovule abortion. The top 40 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further verified, and the results were consistent with switching the mechanism at the 5' end of the RNA transcript (SMART-seq). Through this study, we can preliminarily clarify the mechanism of ovule abortion in self-pollinated apple fruits and provide a gene reserve for further study and improvement of 'Hanfu' apple fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Wang D, Qie B, Wang A, Wang M, Dai P, Xiao L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. PbBPC4 involved in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype in pear by directly regulating the expression of PbXND1. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154125. [PMID: 37979434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding. At present, dwarf cultivars or dwarfing rootstocks are used for high-density planting. Although some dwarf rootstocks have been used in the cultivation of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd), the breeding of dwarf pear rootstocks or cultivars is still sorely lacking. A previous study reported that PbXND1 results in a xylem-dwarf phenotype in pear trees. However, the regulatory mechanism upstream of PbXND1 is unclear. In this study, we identified PbBPC4 as an upstream regulatory factor of PbXND1 in yeast one-hybrid assays. In β-glucuronidase staining and dual-luciferase assays, PbBPC4 enhanced the activity of the PbXND1 promoter. Tobacco plants overexpressing PbBPC4 showed decreased plant height because of a reduced xylem size. Similar changes in the xylem was observed in transgenic pear roots; those overexpressing PbBPC4 showed reduced xylem size, and those with silencing PbBPC4 expression showed increased xylem size, greater density of xylem vessels, and a larger proportion of the xylem out of the total cross-section area. Expression analyses showed that PbBPC4 increases the transcription of PbXND1, leading to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in the positive regulation of xylem development, ultimately resulting in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. Taken together, our results reveal the mechanism by which PbBPC4 participates in the regulation of xylem development via directly altering the expression of PbXND1, thus leading to the dwarf phenotype in pear. These findings have reference value for the breeding of dwarf pear trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Bingqing Qie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Azheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Pingyuan Dai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral, 843300, China.
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Lu L, Yang H, Xu Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Yi H. Laser capture microdissection-based spatiotemporal transcriptomes uncover regulatory networks during seed abortion in seedless Ponkan (Citrus reticulata). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:642-661. [PMID: 37077034 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed abortion is an important process in the formation of seedless characteristics in citrus fruits. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying citrus seed abortion is poorly understood. Laser capture microdissection-based RNA-seq combined with Pacbio-seq was used to profile seed development in the Ponkan cultivars 'Huagan No. 4' (seedless Ponkan) (Citrus reticulata) and 'E'gan No. 1' (seeded Ponkan) (C. reticulata) in two types of seed tissue across three developmental stages. Through comparative transcriptome and dynamic phytohormone analyses, plant hormone signal, cell division and nutrient metabolism-related processes were revealed to play critical roles in the seed abortion of 'Huagan No. 4'. Moreover, several genes may play indispensable roles in seed abortion of 'Huagan No. 4', such as CrWRKY74, CrWRKY48 and CrMYB3R4. Overexpression of CrWRKY74 in Arabidopsis resulted in severe seed abortion. By analyzing the downstream regulatory network, we further determined that CrWRKY74 participated in seed abortion regulation by inducing abnormal programmed cell death. Of particular importance is that a preliminary model was proposed to depict the regulatory networks underlying seed abortion in citrus. The results of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism across citrus seed development, and reveal the master role of CrWRKY74 in seed abortion of 'Huagan No. 4'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Juxun Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hualin Yi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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Chen TQ, Sun Y, Yuan T. Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analysis revealed early ovule abortion of Paeonia ludlowii. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:78. [PMID: 36803218 PMCID: PMC9936667 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia ludlowii (Stern & G. Taylor D.Y. Hong) belongs to the peony group of the genus Paeonia in the Paeoniaceae family and is now classified as a "critically endangered species" in China. Reproduction is important for this species, and its low fruiting rate has become a critical factor limiting both the expansion of its wild population and its domestic cultivation. RESULTS In this study, we investigated possible causes of the low fruiting rate and ovule abortion in Paeonia ludlowii. We clarified the characteristics of ovule abortion and the specific time of abortion in Paeonia ludlowii, and used transcriptome sequencing to investigate the mechanism of abortion of ovules in Paeonia ludlowii. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the ovule abortion characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii were systematically studied for the first time and provide a theoretical basis for the optimal breeding and future cultivation of Paeonia ludlowii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-qiao Chen
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Geography and Environmental Science/School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001 China
| | - Yue Sun
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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7
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Xiao Y, Sha G, Wang D, Gao R, Qie B, Cong L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. PbXND1 Results in a Xylem-Deficient Dwarf Phenotype through Interaction with PbTCP4 in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158699. [PMID: 35955831 PMCID: PMC9369282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agronomic characteristic in fruit breeding. However, due to the lack of dwarf cultivars and dwarf stocks, the dwarfing mechanism is poorly understood in pears. In this research, we discovered that the dwarf hybrid seedlings of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), ‘Red Zaosu,’ exhibited a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. The expression level of PbXND1, a suppressor of xylem development, was markedly enhanced in dwarf hybrid seedlings and its overexpression in pear results in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. To further dissect the mechanism of PbXND1, PbTCP4 was isolated as a PbXND1 interaction protein through the pear yeast library. Root transformation experiments showed that PbTCP4 promotes root xylem development. Dual-luciferase assays showed that PbXND1 interactions with PbTCP4 suppressed the function of PbTCP4. PbXND1 expression resulted in a small amount of PbTCP4 sequestration in the cytoplasm and thereby prevented it from activating the gene expression, as assessed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-location analyses. Additionally, PbXND1 affected the DNA-binding ability of PbTCP4, as determined by utilizing an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results suggest that PbXND1 regulates the function of PbTCP4 principally by affecting the DNA-binding ability of PbTCP4, whereas the cytoplasmic sequestration of PbTCP4 is only a minor factor. Taken together, this study provides new theoretical support for the extreme dwarfism associated with the absence of xylem caused by PbXND1, and it has significant reference value for the breeding of dwarf varieties and dwarf rootstocks of the pear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingfei Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-87081023
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8
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Htwe YM, Shi P, Zhang D, Li Z, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Lei X, Wang Y. Programmed Cell Death May Be Involved in the Seedless Phenotype Formation of Oil Palm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832017. [PMID: 35401608 PMCID: PMC8984474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a well-known vegetable oil-yielding crop. Seedlessness is one of the most prominent traits in oil palm due to its low processing costs and high oil content. Nevertheless, an extensive study on molecular mechanisms regulating seedless phenotype formation in oil palm is very limited so far. In this study, stigma, style, and ovary from seedless and seeded (Tenera and Pisifera) oil palm trees were used to investigate the possible mechanism. Results showed that non-pollination resulted in no fruits, and self- and cross-pollinations resulted in seedless fruits, while boron treatment had no effect on seedless phenotype formation, implying that seedless trees have incomplete self and outcrossing incompatibility. Furthermore, the transcriptome data analysis highlighted eight programmed cell death (PCD) genes and three groups of PCD-related genes: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), S-RNase, and MADS-box. The majority of these genes were significantly up-regulated in the stigma and style of Seedless palm trees compared to Tenera and Pisifera. In addition, the co-expression network analysis confirmed the significant correlation among these genes. Moreover, two simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (S41 and S44) were developed to identify the seedless phenotype. The up-regulation of 4CL and MADS-box TFs activated the expression of PCD genes; on the other hand, S-RNase resulted in pollen tube RNA degradation and triggered PCD. While the link between PCD and seedless phenotype formation in oil palm has not been extensively studied to date, these findings suggest a role of PCD in pollen tube lethality, leading to double fertilization failure and the seedless phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Min Htwe
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Xintao Lei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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9
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Sharif R, Su L, Chen X, Qi X. Hormonal interactions underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6497882. [PMID: 35031797 PMCID: PMC8788353 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In some horticultural crops, such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae species, fruit set and development can occur without the fertilization of ovules, a process known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that can not only mitigate fruit yield losses caused by environmental stresses but can also induce the development of seedless fruit, which is a desirable trait for consumers. In the present review, the induction of parthenocarpic fruit by the application of hormones such as auxins (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; naphthaleneacetic acid), cytokinins (forchlorfenuron; 6-benzylaminopurine), gibberellic acids, and brassinosteroids is first presented. Then, the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit formation, mainly related to plant hormones, are presented. Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are categorized as primary players in initiating fruit set. Other hormones, such as ethylene, brassinosteroids, and melatonin, also participate in parthenocarpic fruit formation. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between these hormones is crucial for deciding the fate of fruit set. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future directions of research on parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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10
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Wang H, Zhang S, Qu Y, Gao R, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Zhai R, Yang C, Xu L. Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene Participate in the Gibberellin-Induced Ovule Programmed Cell Death Process in Seedless Pear '1913' ( Pyrus hybrid). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189844. [PMID: 34576007 PMCID: PMC8466629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedless fruit is a feature appreciated by consumers. The ovule abortion process is highly orchestrated and controlled by numerous environmental and endogenous signals. However, the mechanisms underlying ovule abortion in pear remain obscure. Here, we found that gibberellins (GAs) have diverse functions during ovules development between seedless pear '1913' and seeded pear, and that GA4+7 activates a potential programmed cell death process in '1913' ovules. After hormone analyses, strong correlations were determined among jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) in seedless and seeded cultivars, and GA4+7 treatments altered the hormone accumulation levels in ovules, resulting in significant correlations between GA and both JA and ethylene. Additionally, SA contributed to ovule abortion in '1913'. Exogenously supplying JA, SA or the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid promoted 'Bartlett' seed death. The regulatory mechanism in which ethylene controls ovule death has been demonstrated; therefore, JA's role in regulating '1913' ovule abortion was investigated. A further study identified that the JA signaling receptor MYC2 bound the SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED 39 promoter and triggered its expression to regulate ovule abortion. Thus, we established ovule abortion-related relationships between GA and the hormones JA, ethylene and SA, and we determined their synergistic functions in regulating ovule death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yingying Qu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuxiong Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-29-8708-1023 (L.X.); Fax: +86-29-8708-2613 (L.X.)
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road. 3, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.G.); (Y.X.); (R.Z.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-29-8708-1023 (L.X.); Fax: +86-29-8708-2613 (L.X.)
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