1
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Iyer P, Zhang B, Liu T, Jin M, Hart K, Zhang J, Siegert V, Remke M, Wang X, Yu L, Song J, Venkataraman G, Chan WC, Jia Z, Buchner M, Siddiqi T, Rosen ST, Danilov A, Wang L. MGA deletion leads to Richter's transformation by modulating mitochondrial OXPHOS. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg7915. [PMID: 39083585 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Richter's transformation (RT) is a progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to aggressive lymphoma. MGA (Max gene associated), a functional MYC suppressor, is mutated at 3% in CLL and 36% in RT. However, genetic models and molecular mechanisms of MGA deletion that drive CLL to RT remain elusive. We established an RT mouse model by knockout of Mga in the Sf3b1/Mdr CLL model using CRISPR-Cas9 to determine the role of Mga in RT. Murine RT cells exhibited mitochondrial aberrations with elevated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through RNA sequencing and functional characterization, we identified Nme1 (nucleoside diphosphate kinase) as an Mga target, which drives RT by modulating OXPHOS. Given that NME1 is also a known MYC target without targetable compounds, we found that concurrent inhibition of MYC and electron transport chain complex II substantially prolongs the survival of RT mice in vivo. Our results suggest that the Mga-Nme1 axis drives murine CLL-to-RT transition via modulating OXPHOS, highlighting a potential therapeutic avenue for RT.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Mice
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajish Iyer
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Kevyn Hart
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Viola Siegert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Marianne Remke
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Joo Song
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alexey Danilov
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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2
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Bertilaccio MTS, Chen SS. Mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation: what we have learnt and what we are missing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376660. [PMID: 38903501 PMCID: PMC11186982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment landscape has changed dramatically, unmet clinical needs are emerging, as CLL in many patients does not respond, becomes resistant to treatment, relapses during treatment, or transforms into Richter. In the majority of cases, transformation evolves the original leukemia clone into a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Richter transformation (RT) represents a dreadful clinical challenge with limited therapeutic opportunities and scarce preclinical tools. CLL cells are well known to highly depend on survival signals provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME). These signals enhance the frequency of immunosuppressive cells with protumor function, including regulatory CD4+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. T cells, on the other hand, exhibit features of exhaustion and profound functional defects. Overall immune dysfunction and immunosuppression are common features of patients with CLL. The interaction between malignant cells and TME cells can occur during different phases of CLL development and transformation. A better understanding of in vivo CLL and RT biology and the availability of adequate mouse models that faithfully recapitulate the progression of CLL and RT within their microenvironments are "conditio sine qua non" to develop successful therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the xenograft and genetic-engineered mouse models of CLL and RT, how they helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease progression and transformation, and how they have been and might be instrumental in developing innovative therapeutic approaches to finally eradicate these malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Animals
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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3
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Kwok M, Agathanggelou A, Stankovic T. DNA damage response defects in hematologic malignancies: mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies. Blood 2024; 143:2123-2144. [PMID: 38457665 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The DNA damage response (DDR) encompasses the detection and repair of DNA lesions and is fundamental to the maintenance of genome integrity. Germ line DDR alterations underlie hereditary chromosome instability syndromes by promoting the acquisition of pathogenic structural variants in hematopoietic cells, resulting in increased predisposition to hematologic malignancies. Also frequent in hematologic malignancies are somatic mutations of DDR genes, typically arising from replication stress triggered by oncogene activation or deregulated tumor proliferation that provides a selective pressure for DDR loss. These defects impair homology-directed DNA repair or replication stress response, leading to an excessive reliance on error-prone DNA repair mechanisms that results in genomic instability and tumor progression. In hematologic malignancies, loss-of-function DDR alterations confer clonal growth advantage and adverse prognostic impact but may also provide therapeutic opportunities. Selective targeting of functional dependencies arising from these defects could achieve synthetic lethality, a therapeutic concept exemplified by inhibition of poly-(adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose) polymerase or the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad 3 related-CHK1-WEE1 axis in malignancies harboring the BRCAness phenotype or genetic defects that increase replication stress. Furthermore, the role of DDR defects as a source of tumor immunogenicity, as well as their impact on the cross talk between DDR, inflammation, and tumor immunity are increasingly recognized, thus providing rationale for combining DDR modulation with immune modulation. The nature of the DDR-immune interface and the cellular vulnerabilities conferred by DDR defects may nonetheless be disease-specific and remain incompletely understood in many hematologic malignancies. Their comprehensive elucidation will be critical for optimizing therapeutic strategies to target DDR defects in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Sud A, Parry EM, Wu CJ. The molecular map of CLL and Richter's syndrome. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:73-82. [PMID: 38368146 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of B-cells, from the early stages of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis through to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and then in some cases to Richter's syndrome (RS) provides a comprehensive model of cancer evolution, notable for the marked morphological transformation and distinct clinical phenotypes. High-throughput sequencing of large cohorts of patients and single-cell studies have generated a molecular map of CLL and more recently, of RS, yielding fundamental insights into these diseases and of clonal evolution. A selection of CLL driver genes have been functionally interrogated to yield novel insights into the biology of CLL. Such findings have the potential to impact patient care through risk stratification, treatment selection and drug discovery. However, this molecular map remains incomplete, with extant questions concerning the origin of the B-cell clone, the role of the TME, inter- and intra-compartmental heterogeneity and of therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Through the application of multi-modal single-cell technologies across tissues, disease states and clinical contexts, these questions can now be addressed with the answers holding great promise of generating translatable knowledge to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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5
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De Mel S, Lee AR, Tan JHI, Tan RZY, Poon LM, Chan E, Lee J, Chee YL, Lakshminarasappa SR, Jaynes PW, Jeyasekharan AD. Targeting the DNA damage response in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1307839. [PMID: 38347838 PMCID: PMC10859481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1307839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of many cancers. The dependency of certain cancers on DDR pathways has enabled exploitation of such through synthetically lethal relationships e.g., Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for BRCA deficient ovarian cancers. Though lagging behind that of solid cancers, DDR inhibitors (DDRi) are being clinically developed for haematological cancers. Furthermore, a high proliferative index characterize many such cancers, suggesting a rationale for combinatorial strategies targeting DDR and replicative stress. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical data on DDR inhibition in haematological malignancies and highlight distinct haematological cancer subtypes with activity of DDR agents as single agents or in combination with chemotherapeutics and targeted agents. We aim to provide a framework to guide the design of future clinical trials involving haematological cancers for this important class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay De Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ainsley Ryan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joelle Hwee Inn Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Zi Yi Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Poon
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Chan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Lin Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satish R. Lakshminarasappa
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D. Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Parry EM, Roulland S, Okosun J. DLBCL arising from indolent lymphomas: How are they different? Semin Hematol 2023; 60:277-284. [PMID: 38072721 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a recognized, but unpredictable, clinical inflection point in the natural history of indolent lymphomas. Large retrospective studies highlight a wide variability in the incidence of transformation across the indolent lymphomas and the adverse outcomes associated with transformed lymphomas. Opportunities to dissect the biology of transformed indolent lymphomas have arisen with evolving technologies and unique tissue collections enabling a growing appreciation, particularly, of their genetic basis, how they relate to the preceding indolent lymphomas and the comparative biology with de novo DLBCL. This review summarizes our current understanding of both the clinical and biological aspects of transformed lymphomas and the outstanding questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
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7
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Parry EM, ten Hacken E, Wu CJ. Richter syndrome: novel insights into the biology of transformation. Blood 2023; 142:11-22. [PMID: 36758208 PMCID: PMC10356575 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been broadly profiled by large-scale sequencing studies performed over the past decade, the molecular basis of the transformation of CLL into aggressive lymphoma, or Richter syndrome (RS), has remained incompletely characterized. Recent advances in computational methods of clonal deconvolution, as well as extensive sample collection efforts in this rapidly progressive malignancy, have now enabled comprehensive analysis of paired CLL and RS samples and have led to multiple new studies investigating the genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic origins of RS. In parallel, new genetically engineered and xenograft mouse models have provided the opportunity for gleaning fresh biological and mechanistic insights into RS development and stepwise evolution from antecedent CLL. Altogether, these studies have defined RS driver lesions and CLL risk lesions and identified pathways dysregulated in transformation. Moreover, unique molecular subtypes of RS have been revealed, including a disease marked by profound genomic instability with chromothripsis/chromoplexy and whole genome duplication. Novel profiling approaches, including single-cell DNA and transcriptome sequencing of RS biopsy specimens and cell-free DNA profiling of patient plasma, demonstrate promise for the timely identification of RS clones and may translate to noninvasive identification and early diagnosis of RS. This review summarizes the recent scientific advances in RS and supports the integrated study of human genomics with mouse modeling to provide an advanced understanding of the biological underpinnings of transformation. These recent studies have major implications for much-needed novel therapeutic strategies for this still largely incurable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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8
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ten Hacken E, Sewastianik T, Yin S, Hoffmann GB, Gruber M, Clement K, Penter L, Redd RA, Ruthen N, Hergalant S, Sholokhova A, Fell G, Parry EM, Broséus J, Guieze R, Lucas F, Hernández-Sánchez M, Baranowski K, Southard J, Joyal H, Billington L, Regis FFD, Witten E, Uduman M, Knisbacher BA, Li S, Lyu H, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S, Inghirami G, Feugier P, Stilgenbauer S, Tausch E, Davids MS, Getz G, Livak KJ, Bozic I, Neuberg DS, Carrasco RD, Wu CJ. In Vivo Modeling of CLL Transformation to Richter Syndrome Reveals Convergent Evolutionary Paths and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:150-169. [PMID: 36468984 PMCID: PMC9975769 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation to aggressive disease histologies generates formidable clinical challenges across cancers, but biological insights remain few. We modeled the genetic heterogeneity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) through multiplexed in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 B-cell editing of recurrent CLL loss-of-function drivers in mice and recapitulated the process of transformation from indolent CLL into large cell lymphoma [i.e., Richter syndrome (RS)]. Evolutionary trajectories of 64 mice carrying diverse combinatorial gene assortments revealed coselection of mutations in Trp53, Mga, and Chd2 and the dual impact of clonal Mga/Chd2 mutations on E2F/MYC and interferon signaling dysregulation. Comparative human and murine RS analyses demonstrated tonic PI3K signaling as a key feature of transformed disease, with constitutive activation of the AKT and S6 kinases, downmodulation of the PTEN phosphatase, and convergent activation of MYC/PI3K transcriptional programs underlying enhanced sensitivity to MYC/mTOR/PI3K inhibition. This robust experimental system presents a unique framework to study lymphoid biology and therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Mouse models reflective of the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors remain few, including those able to recapitulate transformation to aggressive disease histologies. Herein, we model CLL transformation into RS through multiplexed in vivo gene editing, providing key insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of transformed disease. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michaela Gruber
- CEMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kendell Clement
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert A. Redd
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil Ruthen
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Alanna Sholokhova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Geoffrey Fell
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin M. Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julien Broséus
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Pôle Laboratoires, Nancy, France
| | | | - Fabienne Lucas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaitlyn Baranowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jackson Southard
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Joyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Billington
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fara Faye D. Regis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Witten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binyamin A. Knisbacher
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haoxiang Lyu
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Pôle Laboratoires, Nancy, France
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department III of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eugen Tausch
- Department III of Internal Medicine III, Division of CLL, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth J. Livak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Donna S. Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruben D. Carrasco
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Thomalla D, Beckmann L, Grimm C, Oliverio M, Meder L, Herling C, Nieper P, Feldmann T, Merkel O, Lorsy E, da Palma Guerreiro A, von Jan J, Kisis I, Wasserburger E, Claasen J, Faitschuk-Meyer E, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Yang TP, Lienhard M, Herwig R, Kreuzer KA, Pallasch C, Büttner R, Schäfer S, Hartley J, Abken H, Peifer M, Kashkar H, Knittel G, Eichhorst B, Ullrich R, Herling M, Reinhardt H, Hallek M, Schweiger M, Frenzel L. Deregulation and epigenetic modification of BCL2-family genes cause resistance to venetoclax in hematologic malignancies. Blood 2022; 140:2113-2126. [PMID: 35704690 PMCID: PMC10653032 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has been approved to treat different hematological malignancies. Because there is no common genetic alteration causing resistance to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell lymphoma, we asked if epigenetic events might be involved in venetoclax resistance. Therefore, we employed whole-exome sequencing, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 screening to investigate venetoclax resistance in aggressive lymphoma and high-risk CLL patients. We identified a regulatory CpG island within the PUMA promoter that is methylated upon venetoclax treatment, mediating PUMA downregulation on transcript and protein level. PUMA expression and sensitivity toward venetoclax can be restored by inhibition of methyltransferases. We can demonstrate that loss of PUMA results in metabolic reprogramming with higher oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate production, resembling the metabolic phenotype that is seen upon venetoclax resistance. Although PUMA loss is specific for acquired venetoclax resistance but not for acquired MCL1 resistance and is not seen in CLL patients after chemotherapy-resistance, BAX is essential for sensitivity toward both venetoclax and MCL1 inhibition. As we found loss of BAX in Richter's syndrome patients after venetoclax failure, we defined BAX-mediated apoptosis to be critical for drug resistance but not for disease progression of CLL into aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in vivo. A compound screen revealed TRAIL-mediated apoptosis as a target to overcome BAX deficiency. Furthermore, antibody or CAR T cells eliminated venetoclax resistant lymphoma cells, paving a clinically applicable way to overcome venetoclax resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thomalla
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Beckmann
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C. Grimm
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Oliverio
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Meder
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C.D. Herling
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P. Nieper
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T. Feldmann
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Merkel
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Lorsy
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A. da Palma Guerreiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. von Jan
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Kisis
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Wasserburger
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Claasen
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - J. Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T.-P. Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Lienhard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - K.-A. Kreuzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C.P. Pallasch
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R. Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S.C. Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie im Medizin Campus Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - J. Hartley
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H. Abken
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Peifer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Kashkar
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Immunologie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G. Knittel
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - B. Eichhorst
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R.T. Ullrich
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Herling
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H.C. Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - M. Hallek
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M.R. Schweiger
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L.P. Frenzel
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Ancos-Pintado R, Bragado-García I, Morales ML, García-Vicente R, Arroyo-Barea A, Rodríguez-García A, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Hernández-Sánchez M. High-Throughput CRISPR Screening in Hematological Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3612. [PMID: 35892871 PMCID: PMC9329962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is becoming an indispensable tool in biological research, revolutionizing diverse fields of medical research and biotechnology. In the last few years, several CRISPR-based genome-targeting tools have been translated for the study of hematological neoplasms. However, there is a lack of reviews focused on the wide uses of this technology in hematology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the main CRISPR-based approaches of high throughput screenings applied to this field. Here we explain several libraries and algorithms for analysis of CRISPR screens used in hematology, accompanied by the most relevant databases. Moreover, we focus on (1) the identification of novel modulator genes of drug resistance and efficacy, which could anticipate relapses in patients and (2) new therapeutic targets and synthetic lethal interactions. We also discuss the approaches to uncover novel biomarkers of malignant transformations and immune evasion mechanisms. We explain the current literature in the most common lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms using this tool. Then, we conclude with future directions, highlighting the importance of further gene candidate validation and the integration and harmonization of the data from CRISPR screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ancos-Pintado
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Irene Bragado-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - María Luz Morales
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto García-Vicente
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrés Arroyo-Barea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Alba Rodríguez-García
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Medicine School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
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11
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Extracellular vesicles and PDL1 suppress macrophages inducing therapy resistance in TP53-deficient B-cell malignancies. Blood 2022; 139:3617-3629. [PMID: 35344582 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway are a frequent mechanism of resistance to CIT in B-cell malignancies. We have previously shown that the synergy of CIT relies on secretory crosstalk elicited by chemotherapy between the tumour cells and macrophages. Here, we show that loss of multiple different members of the DDR pathway inhibits macrophage phagocytic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Particularly loss of TP53 led to decreased phagocytic capacity ex vivo across multiple B-cell malignancies. We demonstrate via in vivo cyclophosphamide treatment using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model that loss of macrophage phagocytic capacity in Tp53-deleted leukemia is driven by a significant downregulation of a phagocytic transcriptomic signature using scRNA-Seq. By analysing the tumour B-cell proteome, we identified a TP53 specific upregulation of proteins associated with extracellular vesicles (EV). We abrogated EV biogenesis in tumour B-cells via CRISPR-knockout (KO) of RAB27A and confirmed that the EVs from TP53-deleted lymphoma cells were responsible for the reduced phagocytic capacity and the in vivo CIT resistance. Furthermore, we observed that TP53 loss led to an upregulation of both PD-L1 cell surface expression and secretion of EVs by lymphoma cells. Disruption of EV bound PD-L1 by anti-PD-L1 antibodies or PD-L1 CRISPR-KO improved macrophage phagocytic capacity and in vivo therapy response. Thus, we demonstrate enhanced EV-release and increased PD-L1 expression in TP53-deficient B-cell lymphomas as novel mechanisms of macrophage function alteration in CIT resistance. This study indicates the use of checkpoint inhibition in the combination treatment of B-cell malignancies with TP53 loss.
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12
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Nicolò A, Linder AT, Jumaa H, Maity PC. The Determinants of B Cell Receptor Signaling as Prototype Molecular Biomarkers of Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 11:771669. [PMID: 34993136 PMCID: PMC8724047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several transforming mutations in susceptible loci which are recognized as valuable prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B cell lymphoma (BCL). Alongside, robust genetic manipulations facilitated the generation of preclinical mouse models to validate mutations associated with poor prognosis and refractory B cell malignancies. Taken together, these studies identified new prognostic markers that could achieve characteristics of precision biomarkers for molecular diagnosis. On the contrary, the idea of augmented B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling as a transforming cue has somewhat receded despite the efficacy of Btk and Syk inhibitors. Recent studies from several research groups pointed out that acquired mutations in BCR components serve as faithful biomarkers, which become important for precision diagnostics and therapy, due to their relevant role in augmented BCR signaling and CLL pathogenesis. For example, we showed that expression of a single point mutated immunoglobulin light chain (LC) recombined through the variable gene segment IGLV3-21, named IGLV3-21R110, marks severe CLL cases. In this perspective, we summarize the molecular mechanisms fine-tuning B cell transformation, focusing on immunoglobulin point mutations and recurrent mutations in tumor suppressors. We present a stochastic model for gain-of-autonomous BCR signaling and subsequent neoplastic transformation. Of note, additional mutational analyses on immunoglobulin heavy chain (HC) derived from non-subset #2 CLL IGLV3-21R110 cases endorses our perspective. Altogether, we propose a model of malignant transformation in which the augmented BCR signaling creates a conducive platform for the appearance of transforming mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Ten Hacken E, Wu CJ. Understanding CLL biology through mouse models of human genetics. Blood 2021; 138:2621-2631. [PMID: 34940815 PMCID: PMC8703365 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in large-scale next-generation sequencing studies of human samples have progressively defined the highly heterogeneous genetic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). At the same time, the numerous challenges posed by the difficulties in rapid manipulation of primary B cells and the paucity of CLL cell lines have limited the ability to interrogate the function of the discovered putative disease "drivers," defined in human sequencing studies through statistical inference. Mouse models represent a powerful tool to study mechanisms of normal and malignant B-cell biology and for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics. Advances in genetic engineering technologies, including the introduction of conditional knockin/knockout strategies, have opened new opportunities to model genetic lesions in a B-cell-restricted context. These new studies build on the experience of generating the MDR mice, the first example of a genetically faithful CLL model, which recapitulates the most common genomic aberration of human CLL: del(13q). In this review, we describe the application of mouse models to the studies of CLL pathogenesis and disease transformation from an indolent to a high-grade malignancy (ie, Richter syndrome [RS]) and treatment, with a focus on newly developed genetically inspired mouse lines modeling recurrent CLL genetic events. We discuss how these novel mouse models, analyzed using new genomic technologies, allow the dissection of mechanisms of disease evolution and response to therapy with greater depth than previously possible and provide important insight into human CLL and RS pathogenesis and therapeutic vulnerabilities. These models thereby provide valuable platforms for functional genomic analyses and treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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14
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Kwok M, Wu CJ. Clonal Evolution of High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Contemporary Perspective. Front Oncol 2021; 11:790004. [PMID: 34976831 PMCID: PMC8716560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.790004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution represents the natural process through which cancer cells continuously search for phenotypic advantages that enable them to develop and expand within microenvironmental constraints. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), clonal evolution underpins leukemic progression and therapeutic resistance, with differences in clonal evolutionary dynamics accounting for its characteristically diverse clinical course. The past few years have witnessed profound changes in our understanding of CLL clonal evolution, facilitated by a maturing definition of high-risk CLL and an increasing sophistication of next-generation sequencing technology. In this review, we offer a modern perspective on clonal evolution of high-risk CLL, highlighting recent discoveries, paradigm shifts and unresolved questions. We appraise recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of CLL clonal evolution, focusing on the genetic and non-genetic sources of intratumoral heterogeneity, as well as tumor-immune dynamics. We review the technological innovations, particularly in single-cell technology, which have fostered these advances and represent essential tools for future discoveries. In addition, we discuss clonal evolution within several contexts of particular relevance to contemporary clinical practice, including the settings of therapeutic resistance to CLL targeted therapy and immunotherapy, as well as Richter transformation of CLL to high-grade lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Gopal AK, Popat R, Mattison RJ, Menne T, Bloor A, Gaymes T, Khwaja A, Juckett M, Chen Y, Cotter MJ, Mufti GJ. A Phase I trial of talazoparib in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Int J Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:IJH35. [PMID: 34840720 PMCID: PMC8609999 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-leukemic activity of talazoparib. Patients & methods: This Phase I, two-cohort, dose-escalation trial evaluated talazoparib monotherapy in advanced hematologic malignancies (cohort 1: acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome; cohort 2: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/mantle cell lymphoma). Results: Thirty-three (cohort 1: n = 25; cohort 2: n = 8) patients received talazoparib (0.1–2.0 mg once daily). The MTD was exceeded at 2.0 mg/day in cohort 1 and at 0.9 mg/day in cohort 2. Grade ≥3 adverse events were primarily hematologic. Eighteen (54.5%) patients reported stable disease. Conclusion: Talazoparib is relatively well tolerated in hematologic malignancies, with a similar MTD as in solid tumors, and shows preliminary anti leukemic activity. Clinical trial registration: NCT01399840 (ClinicalTrials.gov) The objective of this study was to define the highest dose of talazoparib that people with various types of leukemia (mainly various blood cancers) could tolerate. People were assigned into two cohorts based on their type of leukemia: cohort 1 included 25 people with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome; cohort 2 included 8 people with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or mantle cell lymphoma. Similar to what researchers observed for people with solid tumors, the highest tolerated dose was 1.35 mg per day in cohort 1, and it was estimated to be ∼0.9 mg per day in cohort 2. Side effects that occurred during the study were expected, given the types of leukemia being treated. Talazoparib also showed promising anti leukemic effects in some patients. In this Phase I talazoparib trial in hematologic malignancies (cohort 1: AML/MDS, n = 25; cohort 2: CLL/MCL, n = 8), the maximum tolerated dose was exceeded at 2.0 and 0.9 mg/day in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Stable disease and transfusion independence were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Gopal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rakesh Popat
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ryan J Mattison
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Hematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adrian Bloor
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terry Gaymes
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Asim Khwaja
- University College London Cancer Institute & University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Juckett
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Department of Hematology, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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16
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The Modes of Dysregulation of the Proto-Oncogene T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 1A. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215455. [PMID: 34771618 PMCID: PMC8582492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A (TCL1A) is a proto-oncogene that is mainly expressed in embryonic and fetal tissues, as well as in some lymphatic cells. It is frequently overexpressed in a variety of T- and B-cell lymphomas and in some solid tumors. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-prolymphocytic leukemia, TCL1A has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions, and high-level TCL1A expression correlates with more aggressive disease characteristics and poorer patient survival. Despite the modes of TCL1A (dys)regulation still being incompletely understood, there are recent advances in understanding its (post)transcriptional regulation. This review summarizes the current concepts of TCL1A’s multi-faceted modes of regulation. Understanding how TCL1A is deregulated and how this can lead to tumor initiation and sustenance can help in future approaches to interfere in its oncogenic actions. Abstract Incomplete biological concepts in lymphoid neoplasms still dictate to a large extent the limited availability of efficient targeted treatments, which entertains the mostly unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Aberrant expression of the embryonal and lymphatic TCL1 family of oncogenes, i.e., the paradigmatic TCL1A, but also TML1 or MTCP1, is causally implicated in T- and B-lymphocyte transformation. TCL1A also carries prognostic information in these particular T-cell and B-cell tumors. More recently, the TCL1A oncogene has been observed also in epithelial tumors as part of oncofetal stemness signatures. Although the concepts on the modes of TCL1A dysregulation in lymphatic neoplasms and solid tumors are still incomplete, there are recent advances in defining the mechanisms of its (de)regulation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of TCL1A expression in tumors and the current understanding of its (dys)regulation via genomic aberrations, epigenetic modifications, or deregulation of TCL1A-targeting micro RNAs. We also summarize triggers that act through such transcriptional and translational regulation, i.e., altered signals by the tumor microenvironment. A refined mechanistic understanding of these modes of dysregulations together with improved concepts of TCL1A-associated malignant transformation can benefit future approaches to specifically interfere in TCL1A-initiated or -driven tumorigenesis.
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PARP Inhibitors and Haematological Malignancies-Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215328. [PMID: 34771492 PMCID: PMC8582507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PARP inhibitors are a class of orally active drugs that kill a range of cancer types by inducing synthetic lethality. The usefulness of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of haematological malignancies has begun to be explored in a variety of both pre-clinical models and human clinical trials. Despite being largely considered safe and well tolerated, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients following treatment with PARP inhibitors, raising concerns about their use. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits and risks for using PARP inhibitors as treatments for haematological malignancies. Abstract Since their introduction several years ago, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have become the standard of care for breast and gynaecological cancers with BRCA gene mutations. Given that PARPi act by exploiting defective DNA repair mechanisms within tumour cells, they should be ideally suited to combatting haematological malignancies where these pathways are notoriously defective, even though BRCA mutations are rare. To date, despite promising results in vitro, few clinical trials in humans for haematological malignancies have been performed, and additional investigation is required. Paradoxically, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients after treatment with PARPi, raising concerns about their potential use as therapies for any blood or bone marrow-related disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence for and against treating individual haematological malignancies with approved and experimental PARPi. We conclude that the promise of effective treatment still exists, but remains limited by the lack of investigation into useful biomarkers unique to these malignancies.
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18
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Lewis R, Maurer HC, Singh N, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Wirth M, Schick M, Zhang L, Isaakidis K, Scherger AK, Schulze V, Lu J, Zenz T, Steiger K, Rad R, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Espeli M, Balabanian K, Keller U, Habringer S. CXCR4 hyperactivation cooperates with TCL1 in CLL development and aggressiveness. Leukemia 2021; 35:2895-2905. [PMID: 34363012 PMCID: PMC8478649 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant CXCR4 activity has been implicated in lymphoma pathogenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies. Using a mouse model with a gain-of-function CXCR4 mutation (CXCR4C1013G) that hyperactivates CXCR4 signaling, we identified CXCR4 as a crucial activator of multiple key oncogenic pathways. CXCR4 hyperactivation resulted in an expansion of transitional B1 lymphocytes, which represent the precursors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Indeed, CXCR4 hyperactivation led to a significant acceleration of disease onset and a more aggressive phenotype in the murine Eµ-TCL1 CLL model. Hyperactivated CXCR4 signaling cooperated with TCL1 to cause a distinct oncogenic transcriptional program in B cells, characterized by PLK1/FOXM1-associated pathways. In accordance, Eµ-TCL1;CXCR4C1013G B cells enriched a transcriptional signature from patients with Richter's syndrome, an aggressive transformation of CLL. Notably, MYC activation in aggressive lymphoma was associated with increased CXCR4 expression. In line with this finding, additional hyperactive CXCR4 signaling in the Eµ-Myc mouse, a model of aggressive B-cell cancer, did not impact survival. In summary, we here identify CXCR4 hyperactivation as a co-driver of an aggressive lymphoma phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lewis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikita Singh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstandina Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Schulze
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Universitätsspital and Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Espeli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Cell cycle control in Richter transformation. Blood 2021; 138:1005-1007. [PMID: 34554222 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Kwok M, Agathanggelou A, Davies N, Stankovic T. Targeting the p53 Pathway in CLL: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4681. [PMID: 34572908 PMCID: PMC8468925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 pathway is a desirable therapeutic target, owing to its critical role in the maintenance of genome integrity. This is exemplified in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one of the most common adult hematologic malignancies, in which functional loss of p53 arising from genomic aberrations are frequently associated with clonal evolution, disease progression, and therapeutic resistance, even in the contemporary era of CLL targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Targeting the 'undruggable' p53 pathway therefore arguably represents the holy grail of cancer research. In recent years, several strategies have been proposed to exploit p53 pathway defects for cancer treatment. Such strategies include upregulating wild-type p53, restoring tumor suppressive function in mutant p53, inducing synthetic lethality by targeting collateral genome maintenance pathways, and harnessing the immunogenicity of p53 pathway aberrations. In this review, we will examine the biological and clinical implications of p53 pathway defects, as well as our progress towards development of therapeutic approaches targeting the p53 pathway, specifically within the context of CLL. We will appraise the opportunities and pitfalls associated with these therapeutic strategies, and evaluate their place amongst the array of new biological therapies for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicholas Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
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21
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22
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B Cell Receptor signaling and genetic lesions in TP53 and CDKN2A/CDKN2B cooperate in Richter Transformation. Blood 2021; 138:1053-1066. [PMID: 33900379 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) signals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but their role in regulating CLL cell proliferation has still not been firmly established. Unlike normal B cells, CLL cells do not proliferate in vitro upon engagement of the BCR, suggesting that CLL cell proliferation is regulated by other signals from the microenvironment, such as those provided by Toll-like receptors or T cells. Here, we report that BCR engagement of human and murine CLL cells induces several positive regulators of the cell cycle, but simultaneously induces the negative regulators CDKN1A, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, which block cell cycle progression. We further show that introduction of genetic lesions that downregulate these cell cycle inhibitors, such as inactivating lesions in CDKN2A, CDKN2B and the CDKN1A regulator TP53, leads to more aggressive disease in a murine in vivo CLL model and spontaneous proliferation in vitro that is BCR-dependent but independent of costimulatory signals. Importantly, inactivating lesions in CDKN2A, CDKN2B and TP53 frequently co-occur in Richter syndrome, and BCR stimulation of human Richter syndrome cells with such lesions is sufficient to induce proliferation. We also show that tumor cells with combined TP53 and CDKN2A/2B abnormalities remain sensitive to BCR inhibitor treatment and are synergistically sensitive to the combination of a BCR and CDK4/6 inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. These data provide evidence that BCR signals are directly involved in driving CLL cell proliferation and reveal a novel mechanism of Richter transformation.
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23
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Schoppe O, Pan C, Coronel J, Mai H, Rong Z, Todorov MI, Müskes A, Navarro F, Li H, Ertürk A, Menze BH. Deep learning-enabled multi-organ segmentation in whole-body mouse scans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5626. [PMID: 33159057 PMCID: PMC7648799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body imaging of mice is a key source of information for research. Organ segmentation is a prerequisite for quantitative analysis but is a tedious and error-prone task if done manually. Here, we present a deep learning solution called AIMOS that automatically segments major organs (brain, lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, bladder, stomach, intestine) and the skeleton in less than a second, orders of magnitude faster than prior algorithms. AIMOS matches or exceeds the segmentation quality of state-of-the-art approaches and of human experts. We exemplify direct applicability for biomedical research for localizing cancer metastases. Furthermore, we show that expert annotations are subject to human error and bias. As a consequence, we show that at least two independently created annotations are needed to assess model performance. Importantly, AIMOS addresses the issue of human bias by identifying the regions where humans are most likely to disagree, and thereby localizes and quantifies this uncertainty for improved downstream analysis. In summary, AIMOS is a powerful open-source tool to increase scalability, reduce bias, and foster reproducibility in many areas of biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schoppe
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Chenchen Pan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Coronel
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongcheng Mai
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Zhouyi Rong
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich, Germany
| | - Annemarie Müskes
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Navarro
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Bjoern H Menze
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Carrassa L, Colombo I, Damia G, Bertoni F. Targeting the DNA damage response for patients with lymphoma: Preclinical and clinical evidences. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Koch M, Reinartz S, Saggau J, Knittel G, Rosen N, Fedorchenko O, Thelen L, Barthel R, Reinart N, Seeger-Nukpezah T, Reinhardt HC, Hallek M, Nguyen PH. Meta-Analysis Reveals Significant Sex Differences in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Progression in the Eµ-TCL1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071980. [PMID: 32698538 PMCID: PMC7409315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mouse model represents the most widely and extensively used animal model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this report, we performed a meta-analysis of leukemia progression in over 300 individual Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice and discovered a significantly accelerated disease progression in females compared to males. This difference is also reflected in an aggressive CLL mouse model with additional deletion of Tp53 besides the TCL1 transgene. Moreover, after serial adoptive transplantation of murine CLL cells, female recipients also succumbed to CLL earlier than male recipients. This sex-related disparity in the murine models is markedly contradictory to the human CLL condition. Thus, due to our observation we urge both careful consideration in the experimental design and accurate description of the Eµ-TCL1 transgenic cohorts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Koch
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Sebastian Reinartz
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Julia Saggau
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gero Knittel
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Natascha Rosen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Oleg Fedorchenko
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Lisa Thelen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Romy Barthel
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Nina Reinart
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Tamina Seeger-Nukpezah
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
- Clinic for Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-84120; Fax: +49-221-478-84115
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CRISPR/Cas9-generated models uncover therapeutic vulnerabilities of del(11q) CLL cells to dual BCR and PARP inhibition. Leukemia 2020; 34:1599-1612. [PMID: 31974435 PMCID: PMC7266745 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The deletion of 11q (del(11q)) invariably comprises ATM gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Concomitant mutations in this gene in the remaining allele have been identified in 1/3 of CLL cases harboring del(11q), being the biallelic loss of ATM associated with adverse prognosis. Although the introduction of targeted BCR inhibition has significantly favored the outcomes of del(11q) patients, responses of patients harboring ATM functional loss through biallelic inactivation are unexplored, and the development of resistances to targeted therapies have been increasingly reported, urging the need to explore novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we generated isogenic CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and ATM mutations through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing. With these models, we uncovered a novel therapeutic vulnerability of del(11q)/ATM-mutated cells to dual BCR and PARP inhibition. Ex vivo studies in the presence of stromal stimulation on 38 CLL primary samples confirmed a synergistic action of the combination of olaparib and ibrutinib in del(11q)/ATM-mutated CLL patients. In addition, we showed that ibrutinib produced a homologous recombination repair impairment through RAD51 dysregulation, finding a synergistic link of both drugs in the DNA damage repair pathway. Our data provide a preclinical rationale for the use of this combination in CLL patients with this high-risk cytogenetic abnormality.
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27
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Riabinska A, Lehrmann D, Jachimowicz RD, Knittel G, Fritz C, Schmitt A, Geyer A, Heneweer C, Wittersheim M, Frenzel LP, Torgovnick A, Wiederstein JL, Wunderlich CM, Ortmann M, Paillard A, Wößmann W, Borkhardt A, Burdach S, Hansmann ML, Rosenwald A, Perner S, Mall G, Klapper W, Merseburg A, Krüger M, Grüll H, Persigehl T, Wunderlich FT, Peifer M, Utermöhlen O, Büttner R, Beleggia F, Reinhardt HC. ATM activity in T cells is critical for immune surveillance of lymphoma in vivo. Leukemia 2019; 34:771-786. [PMID: 31690822 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proximal DNA damage response kinase ATM is frequently inactivated in human malignancies. Germline mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), characterized by cerebellar ataxia and cancer predisposition. Whether ATM deficiency impacts on tumor initiation or also on the maintenance of the malignant state is unclear. Here, we show that Atm reactivation in initially Atm-deficient B- and T cell lymphomas induces tumor regression. We further find a reduced T cell abundance in B cell lymphomas from Atm-defective mice and A-T patients. Using T cell-specific Atm-knockout models, as well as allogeneic transplantation experiments, we pinpoint impaired immune surveillance as a contributor to cancer predisposition and development. Moreover, we demonstrate that Atm-deficient T cells display impaired proliferation capacity upon stimulation, due to replication stress. Altogether, our data indicate that T cell-specific restoration of ATM activity or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may prevent lymphomagenesis in A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Riabinska
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.
| | - Daria Lehrmann
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Ron Daniel Jachimowicz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Christian Fritz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Aenne Geyer
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Carola Heneweer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torgovnick
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Janica Lea Wiederstein
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | | | - Monika Ortmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Arlette Paillard
- Intitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Wößmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Gita Mall
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Andrea Merseburg
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, 53175, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Holger Grüll
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | | | - Martin Peifer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Intitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.
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Lucas F, Rogers KA, Harrington BK, Pan A, Yu L, Breitbach J, Bundschuh R, Goettl VM, Hing ZA, Kanga P, Mantel R, Sampath D, Smith LL, Wasmuth R, White DK, Yan P, Byrd JC, Lapalombella R, Woyach JA. Eμ-TCL1xMyc: A Novel Mouse Model for Concurrent CLL and B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6260-6273. [PMID: 31296529 PMCID: PMC6801062 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant Myc expression is a major factor in the pathogenesis of aggressive lymphoma, and these lymphomas, while clinically heterogeneous, often are resistant to currently available treatments and have poor survival. Myc expression can also be seen in aggressive lymphomas that are observed in the context of CLL, and we sought to develop a mouse model that could be used to study therapeutic strategies for aggressive lymphoma in the context of CLL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We crossed the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model with the Eμ-Myc mouse model to investigate the clinical phenotype associated with B-cell-restricted expression of these oncogenes. The resulting malignancy was then extensively characterized, from both a clinical and biologic perspective. RESULTS Eμ-TCL1xMyc mice uniformly developed highly aggressive lymphoid disease with histologically, immunophenotypically, and molecularly distinct concurrent CLL and B-cell lymphoma, leading to a significantly reduced lifespan. Injection of cells from diseased Eμ-TCL1xMyc into WT mice established a disease similar to that in the double-transgenic mice. Both Eμ-TCL1xMyc mice and mice with disease after adoptive transfer failed to respond to ibrutinib. Effective and durable disease control was, however, observed by selective inhibition of nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1) using a compound currently in clinical development for relapsed/refractory malignancies, including CLL and lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The Eμ-TCL1xMyc mouse is a new preclinical tool for testing experimental drugs for aggressive B-cell lymphoma, including in the context of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Proof of Concept Study
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Lucas
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kerry A Rogers
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bonnie K Harrington
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alexander Pan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Justin Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Zachary A Hing
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Parviz Kanga
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rose Mantel
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deepa Sampath
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lisa L Smith
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ronni Wasmuth
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Danielle K White
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Mateo J, Carreira S, de Bono JS. PARP Inhibitors for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Validating Predictive Biomarkers. Eur Urol 2019; 76:459-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schuldner M, Dörsam B, Shatnyeva O, Reiners KS, Kubarenko A, Hansen HP, Finkernagel F, Roth K, Theurich S, Nist A, Stiewe T, Paschen A, Knittel G, Reinhardt HC, Müller R, Hallek M, von Strandmann EP. Exosome-dependent immune surveillance at the metastatic niche requires BAG6 and CBP/p300-dependent acetylation of p53. Theranostics 2019; 9:6047-6062. [PMID: 31534536 PMCID: PMC6735508 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by tumor cells contribute to the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and interfere with hallmarks of cancer including metastasis. Notably, melanoma cell-derived EVs are able to establish a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs, or on the contrary, exert anti-tumor activity. However, molecular insights into how vesicles are selectively packaged with cargo defining their specific functions remain elusive. Methods: Here, we investigated the role of the chaperone Bcl2-associated anthogene 6 (BAG6, synonym Bat3) for the formation of pro- and anti-tumor EVs. EVs collected from wildtype cells and BAG6-deficient cells were characterized by mass spectrometry and RNAseq. Their tumorigenic potential was analyzed using the B-16V transplantation mouse melanoma model. Results: We demonstrate that EVs from B-16V cells inhibit lung metastasis associated with the mobilization of Ly6Clow patrolling monocytes. The formation of these anti-tumor-EVs was dependent on acetylation of p53 by the BAG6/CBP/p300-acetylase complex, followed by recruitment of components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) via a P(S/T)AP double motif of BAG6. Genetic ablation of BAG6 and disruption of this pathway led to the release of a distinct EV subtype, which failed to suppress metastasis but recruited tumor-promoting neutrophils to the pre-metastatic niche. Conclusion: We conclude that the BAG6/CBP/p300-p53 axis is a key pathway directing EV cargo loading and thus a potential novel microenvironmental therapeutic target.
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31
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Kumar P, Treuren TV, Ranjan AP, Chaudhary P, Vishwanatha JK. In vivo imaging and biodistribution of near infrared dye loaded brain-metastatic-breast-cancer-cell-membrane coated polymeric nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:265101. [PMID: 30865940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0f46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastatic breast cancer is challenging to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and a lack of ability to target precisely. Most drugs fail to cross the BBB limiting their effectiveness. To combat this problem, a brain metastatic breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-831) membrane-coated polymeric nanoparticle (CCNP) was synthesized. The small size (∼70 nm) and anionic surface charge (-20 mV) achieved during formulation allowed for high penetration and retention in the brain when compared to the PEGylated polymeric nanoparticle alone (mPEG-PLGA or NP). Doxorubicin-loaded CCNP showed high preferential cytotoxicity in vitro. Live (4-120 h) and ex vivo near-infrared imaging in nude mice showed extended circulation and retention of CCNP compared to uncoated nanoparticles. These data indicate that drug/dye-loaded CCNPs demonstrate excellent potential for cancer theranostics of brain metastatic breast tumors.
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32
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Jachimowicz RD, Goergens J, Reinhardt HC. DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice - from basic biology to clinical exploitation. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1423-1434. [PMID: 31116084 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding components of the DNA damage response (DDR) are among the most frequent aberrations in human tumors. Moreover, a large array of human syndromes is caused by mutations in genes involved in DDR pathways. Among others, homologous recombination repair (HR) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) is frequently affected by disabling mutations. While impaired HR is clearly promoting tumorigenesis, it is also associated with an actionable sensitivity against PARP inhibitors. PARP inhibitors have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of breast- and ovarian cancer. However, as with all molecularly targeted agents, acquired resistance limits its use. Both pharmaco-genomic approaches and the study of human genome instability syndromes have led to a profound understanding of PARP inhibitor resistance. These experiments have revealed new insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive mammalian DSB repair. Here, we review recent discoveries in the field and provide a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron D Jachimowicz
- a Clinic I of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Jonas Goergens
- a Clinic I of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- a Clinic I of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,d Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Cologne Site , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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33
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Bagacean C, Tomuleasa C, Tempescul A, Grewal R, Brooks WH, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Apoptotic resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and therapeutic perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:321-332. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Ravnit Grewal
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wesley H. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christian Berthou
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent lymphoma genome sequencing projects have shed light on the genomic landscape of indolent and aggressive lymphomas, as well as some of the molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent mutations and translocations in these entities. Here, we review these recent genomic discoveries, focusing on acquired DNA repair defects in lymphoma. In addition, we highlight recently identified actionable molecular vulnerabilities associated with recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which serves as a model entity. RECENT FINDINGS The results of several large lymphoma genome sequencing projects have recently been reported, including CLL, T-PLL and DLBCL. We align these discoveries with proposed mechanisms of mutation acquisition in B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, novel autochthonous mouse models of CLL have recently been generated and we discuss how these models serve as preclinical tools to drive the development of novel targeted therapeutic interventions. Lastly, we highlight the results of early clinical data on novel compounds targeting defects in the DNA damage response of CLL with a particular focus on deleterious ATM mutations. SUMMARY Defects in DNA repair pathways are selected events in cancer, including lymphomas. Specifically, ATM deficiency is associated with PARP1- and DNA-PKcs inhibitor sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
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35
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Mareckova A, Malcikova J, Tom N, Pal K, Radova L, Salek D, Janikova A, Moulis M, Smardova J, Kren L, Mayer J, Trbusek M. ATM and TP53 mutations show mutual exclusivity but distinct clinical impact in mantle cell lymphoma patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1420-1428. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1542144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mareckova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Malcikova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Tom
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Pal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Salek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Janikova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Moulis
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smardova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trbusek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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36
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Combined Targeted Resequencing of Cytosine DNA Methylation and Mutations of DNA Repair Genes with Potential Use for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Inhibitor Sensitivity Testing. J Mol Diagn 2018; 21:198-213. [PMID: 30576872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current molecular tumor diagnostics encompass panel sequencing to detect mutations, copy number alterations, and rearrangements. However, tumor suppressor genes can also be inactivated by methylation within their promoter region. These epigenetic alterations are so far rarely assessed in the clinical setting. Therefore, we established the AllCap protocol facilitating the combined detection of mutations and DNA methylation at the coding and promoter regions of 342 DNA repair genes in one experiment. We demonstrate the use of the protocol by applying it to ovarian cancer cell lines with different responsiveness to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. BRCA1, ATM, ATR, and EP300 mutations and methylation of the BRCA1 promoter were detected as potential predictors for therapy response. The required amount of input DNA was optimized, and the application to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples was verified to improve the clinical applicability. Thus, by adding DNA methylation values to panel resequencings, the AllCap assay will add another important level of information to clinical tests and will improve stratification of patients for systemic therapies.
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37
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Schmitt A, Feldmann G, Zander T, Reinhardt HC. Targeting Defects in the Cellular DNA Damage Response for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Oncol Res Treat 2018; 41:619-625. [DOI: 10.1159/000493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Guo XX, Wu HL, Shi HY, Su L, Zhang X. The efficacy and safety of olaparib in the treatment of cancers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2553-2562. [PMID: 30127642 PMCID: PMC6089112 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s169558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose PARP inhibition is an exciting new anticancer strategy. As the first PARP inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, olaparib has proven to be effective in the treatment of several solid tumors. We performed a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olaparib in cancer patients. Methods PubMed, Embase, and oncology-conference proceedings were searched for relevant studies. End points were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and grade 3/4 adverse events. Pooled hazard ratio (HR)/risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI were calculated using random or fixed-effect models. Results Eight trials involving 1,957 patients were ultimately identified. The pooled analysis demonstrated that olaparib treatment significantly improved PFS (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.82; P=0.001), OS (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.93; P=0.001), and ORR (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.16–1.65; P<0.001) when compared with therapy not containing olaparib. This association was further confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Additionally, olaparib treatment offered a significant survival benefit for patients with BRCA mutation. Moreover, treatment with olaparib was associated with a significant increase in risk of severe anemia. Conclusion Olaparib treatment has better treatment response compared with therapy not containing olaparib, whereas olaparib can increase the risk of severe anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu
| | - Hong Li Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital
| | - Hong Yun Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China,
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China,
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China,
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Pinto AM, Papa FT, Frullanti E, Meloni I, Tita R, Caselli R, Fallerini C, Lopergolo D, Cetta F, Mencarelli MA, Bocchia M, Gozzetti A, Renieri A. Low-level TP53 mutational load antecedes clonal expansion in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:657-659. [PMID: 29460960 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rossella Tita
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Caselli
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Diego Lopergolo
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Bocchia
- Department of Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Haematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese and University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Haematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese and University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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40
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Drosos Y, Escobar D, Chiang MY, Roys K, Valentine V, Valentine MB, Rehg JE, Sahai V, Begley LA, Ye J, Paul L, McKinnon PJ, Sosa-Pineda B. ATM-deficiency increases genomic instability and metastatic potential in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11144. [PMID: 28894253 PMCID: PMC5593966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in ATM (encoding the DNA-damage signaling kinase, ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated) increase Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) susceptibility, and ATM somatic mutations have been identified in resected human pancreatic tumors. Here we investigated how Atm contributes to pancreatic cancer by deleting this gene in a murine model of the disease expressing oncogenic Kras (KrasG12D). We show that partial or total ATM deficiency cooperates with KrasG12D to promote highly metastatic pancreatic cancer. We also reveal that ATM is activated in pancreatic precancerous lesions in the context of DNA damage and cell proliferation, and demonstrate that ATM deficiency leads to persistent DNA damage in both precancerous lesions and primary tumors. Using low passage cultures from primary tumors and liver metastases we show that ATM loss accelerates Kras-induced carcinogenesis without conferring a specific phenotype to pancreatic tumors or changing the status of the tumor suppressors p53, p16Ink4a and p19Arf. However, ATM deficiency markedly increases the proportion of chromosomal alterations in pancreatic primary tumors and liver metastases. More importantly, ATM deficiency also renders murine pancreatic tumors highly sensitive to radiation. These and other findings in our study conclusively establish that ATM activity poses a major barrier to oncogenic transformation in the pancreas via maintaining genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Drosos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ming-Yi Chiang
- Department of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kathryn Roys
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Virginia Valentine
- Department of Cytogenetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marc B Valentine
- Department of Cytogenetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lesa A Begley
- Department of General Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Leena Paul
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Beatriz Sosa-Pineda
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.
- Department of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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