1
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Miao MZ, Lee JS, Yamada KM, Loeser RF. Integrin signalling in joint development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024:10.1038/s41584-024-01130-8. [PMID: 39014254 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of cell-matrix interactions during joint development and joint tissue homeostasis, as well as in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The signalling cascades initiated by the interactions of integrins with a complex network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and intracellular adaptor proteins orchestrate cellular responses necessary for maintaining joint tissue integrity. Dysregulated integrin signalling, triggered by matrix degradation products such as matrikines, disrupts this delicate balance, tipping the scales towards an environment conducive to OA pathogenesis. The interplay between integrin signalling and growth factor pathways further underscores the multifaceted nature of OA. Moreover, emerging insights into the role of endocytic trafficking in regulating integrin signalling add a new layer of complexity to the understanding of OA development. To harness the therapeutic potential of targeting integrins for mitigation of OA, comprehensive understanding of their molecular mechanisms across joint tissues is imperative. Ultimately, deciphering the complexities of integrin signalling will advance the ability to treat OA and alleviate its global burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Miao
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Lei T, Lin Y, Lai X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang X, Liu W, Tang Q, Yang T, Feng W, Song W. ITGB5 facilitates gastric cancer metastasis by promoting TGFBR2 endosomal recycling. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216953. [PMID: 38729557 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
TGFBR2, a key regulator of the TGFβ signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis through its endosomal recycling process. Despite its importance, the mechanisms governing this process remain unclear. Here, we identify integrin β5 (ITGB5) as a critical mediator that promotes TGFBR2 endosomal recycling. Our study reveals elevated expression of ITGB5 in GC, particularly in metastatic cases, correlating with poor patient outcomes. Knockdown of ITGB5 impairs GC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ITGB5 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by TGFβ signaling, thereby enhancing GC metastasis. Acting as a scaffold, ITGB5 interacts with TGFBR2 and SNX17, facilitating SNX17-mediated endosomal recycling of TGFBR2 and preventing lysosomal degradation, thereby maintaining its surface distribution on tumor cells. Notably, TGFβ signaling directly upregulates ITGB5 expression, establishing a positive feedback loop that exacerbates GC metastasis. Our findings shed light on the role of ITGB5 in promoting GC metastasis through SNX17-mediated endosomal recycling of TGFBR2, providing insights for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaofan Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yuanchen Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Bioclinicum, Solna, 17177, Sweden
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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3
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Lujan P, Garcia-Cabau C, Wakana Y, Vera Lillo J, Rodilla-Ramírez C, Sugiura H, Malhotra V, Salvatella X, Garcia-Parajo MF, Campelo F. Sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network by human TGN46. eLife 2024; 12:RP91708. [PMID: 38466628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins are sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for export into specific transport carriers. However, the molecular players involved in this fundamental process remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the human transmembrane protein TGN46 as a receptor for the export of secretory cargo protein PAUF in CARTS - a class of protein kinase D-dependent TGN-to-plasma membrane carriers. We show that TGN46 is necessary for cargo sorting and loading into nascent carriers at the TGN. By combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mutagenesis approaches, we further discovered that the lumenal domain of TGN46 encodes for its cargo sorting function. In summary, our results define a cellular function of TGN46 in sorting secretory proteins for export from the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodilla-Ramírez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hideaki Sugiura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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van Stalborch AMD, Clark AG, Sonnenberg A, Margadant C. Imaging and quantitative analysis of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102473. [PMID: 37616164 PMCID: PMC10469561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-dependent cell-extracellular matrix adhesion is essential for wound healing, embryonic development, immunity, and tissue organization. Here, we present a protocol for the imaging and quantitative analysis of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. We describe steps for cell culture; virus preparation; lentiviral transduction; imaging with widefield, confocal, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; and using a script for their quantitative analysis. We then detail procedures for analyzing adhesion dynamics by live-cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Margadant et al. (2012),1 van der Bijl et al. (2020),2 Amado-Azevedo et al. (2021).3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Coert Margadant
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
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5
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Baschieri F, Illand A, Barbazan J, Zajac O, Henon C, Loew D, Dingli F, Vignjevic DM, Lévêque-Fort S, Montagnac G. Fibroblasts generate topographical cues that steer cancer cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2120. [PMID: 37585527 PMCID: PMC10431708 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a fundamental role in tumor development. Among other functions, they regulate cancer cells' migration through rearranging the extracellular matrix, secreting soluble factors, and establishing direct physical contacts with cancer cells. Here, we report that migrating fibroblasts deposit on the substrate a network of tubular structures that serves as a guidance cue for cancer cell migration. Such membranous tubular network, hereafter called tracks, is stably anchored to the substrate in a β5-integrin-dependent manner. We found that cancer cells specifically adhere to tracks by using clathrin-coated structures that pinch and engulf tracks. Tracks thus represent a spatial memory of fibroblast migration paths that is read and erased by cancer cells directionally migrating along them. We propose that fibroblast tracks represent a topography-based intercellular communication system capable of steering cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Abigail Illand
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, Orsay, France
| | - Jorge Barbazan
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olivier Zajac
- Institut Curie, UMR144, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Henon
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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6
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Kumar S, Stainer A, Dubrulle J, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e90234. [PMID: 37489578 PMCID: PMC10435235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell attachment rapidly induces tyrosine kinase signaling. Despite years of research, the role of this signaling in integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly is unclear. We provide evidence that the Src-family kinase (SFK) substrate Cas (Crk-associated substrate, p130Cas, BCAR1) is phosphorylated and associated with its Crk/CrkL effectors in clusters that are precursors of focal adhesions. The initial phospho-Cas clusters contain integrin β1 in its inactive, bent closed, conformation. Later, phospho-Cas and total Cas levels decrease as integrin β1 is activated and core focal adhesion proteins including vinculin, talin, kindlin, and paxillin are recruited. Cas is required for cell spreading and focal adhesion assembly in epithelial and fibroblast cells on collagen and fibronectin. Cas cluster formation requires Cas, Crk/CrkL, SFKs, and Rac1 but not vinculin. Rac1 provides positive feedback onto Cas through reactive oxygen, opposed by negative feedback from the ubiquitin proteasome system. The results suggest a two-step model for focal adhesion assembly in which clusters of phospho-Cas, effectors and inactive integrin β1 grow through positive feedback prior to integrin activation and recruitment of core focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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7
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Rivero-Ríos P, Tsukahara T, Uygun T, Chen A, Chavis GD, Giridharan SSP, Iwase S, Sutton MA, Weisman LS. Recruitment of the SNX17-Retriever recycling pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207025. [PMID: 37141105 PMCID: PMC10165670 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-surface proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane is a key mechanism to regulate synaptic function. In non-neuronal cells, proteins recycle to the plasma membrane either via the SNX27-Retromer-WASH pathway or via the recently discovered SNX17-Retriever-CCC-WASH pathway. While SNX27 is responsible for the recycling of key neuronal receptors, the roles of SNX17 in neurons are less understood. Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate that the SNX17 pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity. Disruption of this pathway results in a loss of excitatory synapses and prevents structural plasticity during chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP). cLTP drives SNX17 recruitment to synapses, where its roles are in part mediated by regulating the surface expression of β1-integrin. SNX17 recruitment relies on NMDAR activation, CaMKII signaling, and requires binding to the Retriever and PI(3)P. Together, these findings provide molecular insights into the regulation of SNX17 at synapses and define key roles for SNX17 in synaptic maintenance and in regulating enduring forms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takao Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tunahan Uygun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Garrett D. Chavis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S. Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Chen W, Yu H, Sun C, Dong M, Zhao N, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang J, Xu N, Liu W. γ-Bungarotoxin impairs the vascular endothelial barrier function by inhibiting integrin α5. Toxicol Lett 2023; 383:177-191. [PMID: 37392970 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-bungarotoxin (γ-BGT) is an RGD motif-containing protein, derived from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, leading to acute death in mice. These RGD motif-containing proteins from snake venom belonging to the disintegrin family can interfere with vascular endothelial homeostasis by directly binding cell surface integrins. Targeting integrins that generate vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to γ-BGT poisoning, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the results showed that γ-BGT played a role in -promoting the permeability of the vascular endothelial barrier. Depending on its selective binding to integrin α5 in vascular endothelium (VE), γ-BGT initiated downstream events, including focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in the intercellular junction interruption. Those alternations facilitated paracellular permeability of VE and barrier dysfunction. Proteomics profiling identified that as a downstream effector of the integrin α5 / FAK signaling pathway cyclin D1 partially mediated the cellular structural changes and barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, VE-released plasminogen activator urokinase and platelet-derived growth factor D could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for γ-BGT-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate the mechanisms through which γ-BGT as a novel disintegrin directly interacts with the VE, with consequences for barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China.
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9
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Sittewelle M, Ferrandiz N, Fesenko M, Royle SJ. Genetically encoded imaging tools for investigating cell dynamics at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260783. [PMID: 37039102 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of a cell is the sum of many highly dynamic processes, each orchestrated by a plethora of proteins and other molecules. Microscopy is an invaluable approach to spatially and temporally dissect the molecular details of these processes. Hundreds of genetically encoded imaging tools have been developed that allow cell scientists to determine the function of a protein of interest in the context of these dynamic processes. Broadly, these tools fall into three strategies: observation, inhibition and activation. Using examples for each strategy, in this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide a guide to using these tools to dissect protein function in a given cellular process. Our focus here is on tools that allow rapid modification of proteins of interest and how observing the resulting changes in cell states is key to unlocking dynamic cell processes. The aim is to inspire the reader's next set of imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méghane Sittewelle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nuria Ferrandiz
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mary Fesenko
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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10
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Lima e Silva R, Mirando AC, Tzeng SY, Green JJ, Popel AS, Pandey NB, Campochiaro PA. Anti-angiogenic collagen IV-derived peptide target engagement with α vβ 3 and α 5β 1 in ocular neovascularization models. iScience 2023; 26:106078. [PMID: 36844452 PMCID: PMC9947312 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AXT107, a collagen-derived peptide that binds integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 with high affinity, suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, promotes angiopoietin 2-induced Tie2 activation, and suppresses neovascularization (NV) and vascular leakage. Immunohistochemical staining for αvβ3 and α5β1 was markedly increased in NV compared with normal retinal vessels. After intravitreous injection of AXT107, there was no staining with an anti-AXT107 antibody on normal vessels but robust staining of NV that co-localized with αvβ3 and α5β1. Likewise, after intravitreous injection, fluorescein amidite-labeled AXT107 co-localized with αvβ3 and α5β1 on NV but not normal vessels. AXT107 also co-localized with αv and α5 at cell-cell junctions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). AXT107-integrin binding was demonstrated by ex vivo cross-linking/pull-down experiments. These data support the hypothesis that AXT107 therapeutic activity is mediated through binding αvβ3 and α5β1 which are markedly upregulated on endothelial cells in NV providing selective targeting of diseased vessels which has therapeutic and safety benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lima e Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam C. Mirando
- AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Niranjan B. Pandey
- AsclepiX Therapeutics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A. Campochiaro
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina FE, Toomre DK, Calderwood DA. Fibroblasts secrete fibronectin under lamellipodia in a microtubule- and myosin II-dependent fashion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213712. [PMID: 36416725 PMCID: PMC9699186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an essential structural and regulatory component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its binding to integrin receptors supports cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Here, using live-cell microscopy of fibroblasts expressing FN tagged with a pH-sensitive fluorophore, we show that FN is secreted predominantly at the ventral surface of cells in an integrin-independent manner. Locally secreted FN then undergoes β1 integrin-dependent fibrillogenesis. We find that the site of FN secretion is regulated by cell polarization, which occurs in bursts under stabilized lamellipodia at the leading edge. Moreover, analysis of FN secretion and focal adhesion dynamics suggest that focal adhesion formation precedes FN deposition and that deposition continues during focal adhesion disassembly. Lastly, we show that the polarized FN deposition in spreading and migrating cells requires both intact microtubules and myosin II-mediated contractility. Thus, while FN secretion does not require integrin binding, the site of exocytosis is regulated by membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics with secretion occurring after new adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix E. Rivera-Molina
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Derek K. Toomre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David A. Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Correspondence to David A. Calderwood:
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12
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Kanchanawong P, Calderwood DA. Organization, dynamics and mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:142-161. [PMID: 36168065 PMCID: PMC9892292 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of animal cells to sense, adhere to and remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) is central to control of cell shape, mechanical responsiveness, motility and signalling, and hence to development, tissue formation, wound healing and the immune response. Cell-ECM interactions occur at various specialized, multi-protein adhesion complexes that serve to physically link the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the intracellular signalling apparatus. This occurs predominantly via clustered transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. Here we review how the interplay of mechanical forces, biochemical signalling and molecular self-organization determines the composition, organization, mechanosensitivity and dynamics of these adhesions. Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within the adhesions and characterization of rearrangements of their components in response to force, together with advanced imaging approaches, has improved understanding of adhesion maturation and turnover and the relationships between adhesion structures and functions. Perturbations of adhesion contribute to a broad range of diseases and to age-related dysfunction, thus an improved understanding of their molecular nature may facilitate therapeutic intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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13
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Margadant C. Cell Migration in Three Dimensions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:1-14. [PMID: 36653698 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays an essential role in many pathophysiological processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, immunity, and cancer invasion, and is therefore a widely studied phenomenon in many different fields from basic cell biology to regenerative medicine. During the past decades, a multitude of increasingly complex methods have been developed to study cell migration. Here we compile a series of current state-of-the-art methods and protocols to investigate cell migration in a variety of model systems ranging from cells, organoids, tissue explants, and microfluidic systems to Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Together they cover processes as diverse as nuclear deformation, energy consumption, endocytic trafficking, and matrix degradation, as well as tumor vascularization and cancer cell invasion, sprouting angiogenesis, and leukocyte extravasation. Furthermore, methods to study developmental processes such as neural tube closure, germ layer specification, and branching morphogenesis are included, as well as scripts for the automated analysis of several aspects of cell migration. Together, this book constitutes a unique collection of methods of prime importance to those interested in the analysis of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Calderwood DA. Use of Ecto-Tagged Integrins to Monitor Integrin Exocytosis and Endocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:17-38. [PMID: 36653699 PMCID: PMC9999384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled exocytosis and endocytosis of integrin adhesion receptors is required for normal cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. In this chapter, we describe the design of functional β1 integrins carrying extracellular fluorescent or chemically traceable tags (ecto-tag) and methods for their use to image β1 integrin trafficking in cells. We provide approaches to generate cells in which endogenous β1 integrins are replaced by ecto-tagged integrins containing a pH-sensitive fluorophore pHluorin or a HaloTag and describe strategies using photobleaching, selective extracellular/intracellular labeling, and chase, quenching, and blocking to reveal β1 integrin exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling by live total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Integrin receptor trafficking in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:271-302. [PMID: 36813362 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of 24 different heterodimers that are indispensable for multicellular life. Cell polarity, adhesion and migration are controlled by integrins delivered to the cell surface which in turn is regulated by the exo- and endocytic trafficking of integrins. The deep integration between trafficking and cell signaling determines the spatial and temporal output from any biochemical cue. Integrin trafficking plays a key role in development and many pathological conditions, especially cancer. Several novel regulators of integrin traffic have been discovered in recent times, including a novel class of integrin carrying vesicles, the intracellular nanovesicles (INVs). The tight regulation of trafficking pathways by cell signaling, where kinases phosphorylate key small GTPases in the trafficking pathway enable coordination of cell response to the extracellular milieu. Integrin heterodimer expression and trafficking differ in different tissues and contexts. In this Chapter, we discuss recent studies on integrin trafficking and its contribution to normal physiological and pathophysiological states.
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16
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Meecham A, Cutmore LC, Protopapa P, Rigby LG, Marshall JF. Ligand-bound integrin αvβ6 internalisation and trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920303. [PMID: 36092709 PMCID: PMC9448872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ6 is expressed at low levels in most normal healthy tissue but is very often upregulated in a disease context including cancer and fibrosis. Integrins use endocytosis and trafficking as a means of regulating their surface expression and thus their functions, however little is known of how this process is regulated in the context of αvβ6. As αvβ6 is a major target for the development of therapeutics in cancer and fibrosis, understanding these dynamics is critical in the development of αvβ6-targeted therapies. Following development of a flow cytometry-based assay to measure ligand (A20FMDV2 or LAP)-bound αvβ6 endocytosis, an siRNA screen was performed to identify which genes were responsible for internalising αvβ6. These data identified 15 genes (DNM2, CBLB, DNM3, CBL, EEA1, CLTC, ARFGAP3, CAV1, CYTH2, CAV3, CAV2, IQSEC1, AP2M1, TSG101) which significantly decreased endocytosis, predominantly within dynamin-dependent pathways. Inhibition of these dynamin-dependent pathways significantly reduced αvβ6-dependent migration (αvβ6-specific migration was 547 ± 128 under control conditions, reduced to 225 ± 73 with clathrin inhibition, and 280 ± 51 with caveolin inhibition). Colocalization studies of αvβ6 with endosome markers revealed that up to 6 h post-internalisation of ligand, αvβ6 remains in Rab11-positive endosomes in a perinuclear location, with no evidence of αvβ6 degradation up to 48 h post exposure to A20FMDV2. Additionally, 60% of ligand-bound αvβ6 was recycled back to the surface by 6 h. With studies ongoing using conjugated A20FMDV2 to therapeutically target αvβ6 in cancer and fibrosis, these data have important implications. Binding of A20FMDV2 seemingly removes much of the αvβ6 from the cell membrane, and upon its recycling, a large fraction appears to still be in the ligand-bound state. While these results are observed with A20FMDV2, these data will be of value in the design of αvβ6-specific therapeutics and potentially the types of therapeutic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Meecham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C. Cutmore
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelitsa Protopapa
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren G. Rigby
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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CHEN W, YOUNIS MH, ZHAO Z, CAI W. Recent biomedical advances enabled by HaloTag technology. BIOCELL 2022; 46:1789-1801. [PMID: 35601815 PMCID: PMC9119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment. As a general approach, the fluorescent and affinity tags were employed for exploring this field by labeling the Protein of Interest (POI). However, the autofluorescence and weak binding strength significantly reduce the accuracy and specificity of these tags. Conversely, HaloTag, a novel self-labeling enzyme (SLE) tag, could quickly form a covalent bond with its ligand, enabling fast and specific labeling of POI. These desirable features greatly increase the accuracy and specificity, making the HaloTag a valuable system for various applications ranging from imaging to immobilization of POI. Notably, the HaloTag technique has already been successfully employed in a series of studies with excellent efficiency. In this review, we summarize the development of HaloTag and recent advanced investigations associated with HaloTag, including in vitro imaging (e.g., POI imaging, cellular condition monitoring, microorganism imaging, system development), in vivo imaging, biomolecule immobilization (e.g., POI collection, protein/nuclear acid interaction and protein structure analysis), targeted degradation (e.g., L-AdPROM), and more. We also present a systematic discussion regarding the future direction and challenges of the HaloTag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu CHEN
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Muhsin H. YOUNIS
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhongkuo ZHAO
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China,Address correspondence to: Zhongkuo Zhao, ; Weibo Cai,
| | - Weibo CAI
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Address correspondence to: Zhongkuo Zhao, ; Weibo Cai,
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18
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Hernandez SJ, Fote G, Reyes-Ortiz AM, Steffan JS, Thompson LM. Cooperation of cell adhesion and autophagy in the brain: Functional roles in development and neurodegenerative disease. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100089. [PMID: 34786551 PMCID: PMC8579148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesive connections directed by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintenance of cellular homeostasis by autophagy are seemingly disparate functions that are molecularly intertwined, each regulating the other. This is an emerging field in the brain where the interplay between adhesion and autophagy functions at the intersection of neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. The ECM and adhesion proteins regulate autophagic responses to direct protein clearance and guide regenerative programs that go awry in brain disorders. Concomitantly, autophagic flux acts to regulate adhesion dynamics to mediate neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity with functional disruption contributed by neurodegenerative disease. This review highlights the cooperative exchange between cellular adhesion and autophagy in the brain during health and disease. As the mechanistic alliance between adhesion and autophagy has been leveraged therapeutically for metastatic disease, understanding overlapping molecular functions that direct the interplay between adhesion and autophagy might uncover therapeutic strategies to correct or compensate for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Hernandez
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gianna Fote
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrea M. Reyes-Ortiz
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- Psychaitry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Leslie M. Thompson
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Psychaitry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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19
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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20
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Integrins protect sensory neurons in models of paclitaxel-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2006050118. [PMID: 33876743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major side effect from cancer treatment with no known method for prevention or cure in clinics. CIPN often affects unmyelinated nociceptive sensory terminals. Despite the high prevalence, molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to CIPN are still poorly understood. Here, we used a genetically tractable Drosophila model and primary sensory neurons isolated from adult mouse to examine the mechanisms underlying CIPN and identify protective pathways. We found that chronic treatment of Drosophila larvae with paclitaxel caused degeneration and altered the branching pattern of nociceptive neurons, and reduced thermal nociceptive responses. We further found that nociceptive neuron-specific overexpression of integrins, which are known to support neuronal maintenance in several systems, conferred protection from paclitaxel-induced cellular and behavioral phenotypes. Live imaging and superresolution approaches provide evidence that paclitaxel treatment causes cellular changes that are consistent with alterations in endosome-mediated trafficking of integrins. Paclitaxel-induced changes in recycling endosomes precede morphological degeneration of nociceptive neuron arbors, which could be prevented by integrin overexpression. We used primary dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron cultures to test conservation of integrin-mediated protection. We show that transduction of a human integrin β-subunit 1 also prevented degeneration following paclitaxel treatment. Furthermore, endogenous levels of surface integrins were decreased in paclitaxel-treated mouse DRG neurons, suggesting that paclitaxel disrupts recycling in vertebrate sensory neurons. Altogether, our study supports conserved mechanisms of paclitaxel-induced perturbation of integrin trafficking and a therapeutic potential of restoring neuronal interactions with the extracellular environment to antagonize paclitaxel-induced toxicity in sensory neurons.
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21
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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22
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Cao L, Wu Y, Wang X, Li X, Tan Z, Guan F. Role of Site-Specific Glycosylation in the I-Like Domain of Integrin β1 in Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Malignant Behavior and FAK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041770. [PMID: 33578954 PMCID: PMC7916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin β1 plays an essential role in the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Aberrant N-glycosylation of integrin β1 was documented to alter integrin β1 expression, dimerization, and biological function. However, the biological function of site-specific N-glycosylation of integrin β1 on extracellular vesicles is not fully understood. In this study, we mutated putative N-glycosylation sites in different domains of integrin β1. Removal of the N-glycosylation sites on the I-like domain of integrin β1 (termed the Δ4–6 β1 mutant) suppressed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, cell migration, and adhesion compared with other β1 mutants. Cell adhesion, migration, and activation of FAK were suppressed in recipient MCF7 cells co-cultured with Δ4–6 mutant cells and treated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from Δ4–6 mutant cells. Notably, the wild-type and β1 mutant were both present in sEVs, and could be transferred to recipient cells via sEVs, resulting in changes of cell behavior. Our findings demonstrate the important roles of N-glycosylation of the I-like domain of integrin β1. Moreover, the vesicular Δ4–6 β1 mutant can regulate integrin-mediated functions in recipient cells via sEVs.
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23
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Proximity-Dependent Biotinylation (BioID) of Integrin Interaction Partners. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33215377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that maintain cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in diverse tissue microenvironments. They mediate cell adhesion and signaling through the assembly of large cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that focally connect with the cytoskeleton. Integrin adhesion complexes (IAC) are specialized by the type of integrin-ECM contact and are sensitive to mechanical forces. Thus, they encrypt context-dependent information about the microenvironment in their composition. Signals mediated through IACs modulate many aspects of cell behavior, which allows cells to adapt to their surroundings. To gain insights into their function, IACs have been isolated from cultured cells and explored by proteomics. IACs are insoluble by nature and held together by transient/weak interactions, which makes it challenging to isolate intact IACs. Usually all IACs coupled to a specified ECM, which may employ different integrins, are isolated. Here we describe an alternative method based on proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), where specific integrin interaction partners are labeled in live cells and isolated without the need to isolate intact IACs.
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24
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Lakoduk AM, Kadlecova Z, Schmid SL. A functionally neutral single chain antibody to measure beta-1 integrin uptake and recycling. Traffic 2020; 21:590-602. [PMID: 32613646 PMCID: PMC7442622 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin‐mediated cell adhesion and signaling are critical for many physiological processes. The dynamic turnover of integrins and their associated adhesion complexes through endocytic and recycling pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling cell migration and invasion in cancer. Thus, the regulation of integrin trafficking and how this may be altered by disease‐specific molecular mechanisms has generated considerable interest. However, current tools available to study integrin trafficking may cause artifacts and/or do not provide adequate kinetic information. Here, we report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent single chain antibody to quantitatively and qualitatively measure β1 integrin trafficking in cells. Our novel probe can be used in a variety of assays and allows for the biochemical characterization of rapid recycling of endogenous integrins. We also demonstrate its potential utility in live cell imaging, providing proof of principle to guide future integrin probe design. The dynamic turnover of integrins through endocytic trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for cell migration and invasion. Lakoduk et al. report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent antibody‐based probe to track and measure endogenous beta‐1 integrin uptake and fast recycling in multiple cell types. Their tool, scFvK20, serves as proof of principle inspiration for future integrin probe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Howlader MA, Guo T, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. Isoenzyme-Selective Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidases Reveal Distinct Effects on Cell Migration. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1328-1339. [PMID: 32310634 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human neuraminidase enzymes (NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4) are a class of enzymes implicated in pathologies including cancer and diabetes. Several reports have linked neuraminidase activity to the regulation of cell migration in cancer cells. Using an in vitro cell migration assay on fibronectin (FN) coated surfaces, we have investigated the role of these enzymes in integrin-mediated cell migration. We observed that neuraminidase inhibition caused significant retardation of cell migration in breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines when using inhibitors of NEU3 and NEU4. In contrast, inhibition of NEU1 caused a significant increase in cell migration for the same cell lines. We concluded that the blockade of human neuraminidase enzymes with isoenzyme-selective inhibitors can lead to disparate results and has significant potential in the development of anticancer or wound healing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amran Howlader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Radhika Chakraberty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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26
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Kadry YA, Maisuria EM, Huet-Calderwood C, Calderwood DA. Differences in self-association between kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 are associated with differential integrin binding. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11161-11173. [PMID: 32546480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors coordinates complex signaling networks that control the ability of cells to sense and communicate with the extracellular environment. Kindlin proteins are a central cytoplasmic component of these networks, directly binding integrin cytoplasmic domains and mediating interactions with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. The physiological importance of kindlins is well established, but how the scaffolding functions of kindlins are regulated at the molecular level is still unclear. Here, using a combination of GFP nanotrap association assays, pulldown and integrin-binding assays, and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that full-length kindlins can oligomerize (self-associate) in mammalian cells, and we propose that this self-association inhibits integrin binding and kindlin localization to focal adhesions. We show that both kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 can self-associate and that kindlin-3 self-association is more robust. Using chimeric mapping, we demonstrate that the F2PH and F3 subdomains are important for kindlin self-association. Through comparative sequence analysis of kindlin-2 and kindlin-3, we identify kindlin-3 point mutations that decrease self-association and enhance integrin binding, affording mutant kindlin-3 the ability to localize to focal adhesions. Our results support the notion that kindlin self-association negatively regulates integrin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eesha M Maisuria
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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27
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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28
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Listeria monocytogenes exploits host exocytosis to promote cell-to-cell spread. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3789-3796. [PMID: 32015134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916676117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes uses an actin-based motility process to spread within human tissues. Filamentous actin from the human cell forms a tail behind bacteria, propelling microbes through the cytoplasm. Motile bacteria remodel the host plasma membrane into protrusions that are internalized by neighboring cells. A critical unresolved question is whether generation of protrusions by Listeria involves stimulation of host processes apart from actin polymerization. Here we demonstrate that efficient protrusion formation in polarized epithelial cells involves bacterial subversion of host exocytosis. Confocal microscopy imaging indicated that exocytosis is up-regulated in protrusions of Listeria in a manner that depends on the host exocyst complex. Depletion of components of the exocyst complex by RNA interference inhibited the formation of Listeria protrusions and subsequent cell-to-cell spread of bacteria. Additional genetic studies indicated important roles for the exocyst regulators Rab8 and Rab11 in bacterial protrusion formation and spread. The secreted Listeria virulence factor InlC associated with the exocyst component Exo70 and mediated the recruitment of Exo70 to bacterial protrusions. Depletion of exocyst proteins reduced the length of Listeria protrusions, suggesting that the exocyst complex promotes protrusion elongation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Listeria exploits host exocytosis to stimulate intercellular spread of bacteria.
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29
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Elaimy AL, Wang M, Sheel A, Brown CW, Walker MR, Amante JJ, Xue W, Chan A, Baer CE, Goel HL, Mercurio AM. Real-time imaging of integrin β4 dynamics using a reporter cell line generated by Crispr/Cas9 genome editing. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231241. [PMID: 31262785 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to monitor changes in the expression and localization of integrins is essential for understanding their contribution to development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Here, we pioneered the use of Crispr/Cas9 genome editing to tag an allele of the β4 subunit of the α6β4 integrin. A tdTomato tag was inserted with a linker at the C-terminus of integrin β4 in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cells harboring this tagged allele were similar to wild-type cells with respect to integrin β4 surface expression, association with the α6 subunit, adhesion to laminin and consequent signaling. These integrin β4 reporter cells were transformed with YAP (also known as YAP1), which enabled us to obtain novel insight into integrin β4 dynamics in response to a migratory stimulus (scratch wound) by live-cell video microscopy. An increase in integrin β4 expression in cells proximal to the wound edge was evident, and a population of integrin β4-expressing cells that exhibited unusually rapid migration was identified. These findings could shed insight into integrin β4 dynamics during invasion and metastasis. Moreover, these integrin β4 reporter cells should facilitate studies on the contribution of this integrin to mammary gland biology and cancer.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer L Elaimy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Sheel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Caitlin W Brown
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Melanie R Walker
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John J Amante
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amanda Chan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Sanderson Center for Optical Examination, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hira Lal Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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30
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Soto-Ribeiro M, Kastberger B, Bachmann M, Azizi L, Fouad K, Jacquier MC, Boettiger D, Bouvard D, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. β1D integrin splice variant stabilizes integrin dynamics and reduces integrin signaling by limiting paxillin recruitment. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224493. [PMID: 30890648 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric integrin receptors control cell adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix assembly. While the α integrin subunit determines extracellular ligand specificity, the β integrin chain binds to an acidic residue of the ligand, and cytoplasmic adapter protein families such as talins, kindlins and paxillin, to form mechanosensing cell matrix adhesions. Alternative splicing of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic tail creates ubiquitously expressed β1A, and the heart and skeletal muscle-specific β1D form. To study the physiological difference between these forms, we developed fluorescent β1 integrins and analyzed their dynamics, localization, and cytoplasmic adapter recruitment and effects on cell proliferation. On fibronectin, GFP-tagged β1A integrin showed dynamic exchange in peripheral focal adhesions, and long, central fibrillar adhesions. In contrast, GFP-β1D integrins exchanged slowly, forming immobile and short central adhesions. While adhesion recruitment of GFP-β1A integrin was sensitive to C-terminal tail mutagenesis, GFP-β1D integrin was recruited independently of the distal NPXY motif. In addition, a P786A mutation in the proximal, talin-binding NPXY783 motif switched β1D to a highly dynamic integrin. In contrast, the inverse A786P mutation in β1A integrin interfered with paxillin recruitment and proliferation. Thus, differential β1 integrin splicing controls integrin-dependent adhesion signaling, to adapt to the specific physiological needs of differentiated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinho Soto-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenza Fouad
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - David Boettiger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, INSERM U823, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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31
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DeRita RM, Sayeed A, Garcia V, Krishn SR, Shields CD, Sarker S, Friedman A, McCue P, Molugu SK, Rodeck U, Dicker AP, Languino LR. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Require β1 Integrins to Promote Anchorage-Independent Growth. iScience 2019; 14:199-209. [PMID: 30981115 PMCID: PMC6461598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The β1 integrins, known to promote cancer progression, are abundant in extracellular vesicles (EVs). We investigated whether prostate cancer (PrCa) EVs affect anchorage-independent growth and whether β1 integrins are required for this effect. Specifically using a cell-line-based genetic rescue and an in vivo PrCa model, we show that gradient-purified small EVs (sEVs) from either cancer cells or blood from tumor-bearing TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) mice promote anchorage-independent growth of PrCa cells. In contrast, sEVs from cultured PrCa cells harboring a short hairpin RNA to β1, from wild-type mice or from TRAMP mice carrying a β1 conditional ablation in the prostatic epithelium (β1pc−/−), do not. We find that sEVs, from cancer cells or TRAMP blood, are functional and co-express β1 and sEV markers; in contrast, sEVs from β1pc−/−/TRAMP or wild-type mice lack β1 and sEV markers. Our results demonstrate that β1 integrins in tumor-cell-derived sEVs are required for stimulation of anchorage-independent growth. sEVs from prostate cancer stimulate anchorage-independent growth of recipient cells sEVs from tumor bearing, but not healthy, mice contain β1 integrins sEV stimulation of anchorage-independent growth is dependent on β1 integrins β1 down-regulation in the prostate tumor epithelium impairs EV functions
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M DeRita
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Aejaz Sayeed
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Vaughn Garcia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Srawasti Sarker
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrea Friedman
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Peter McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudheer Kumar Molugu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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32
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Regulation of cell migration by α4 and α9 integrins. Biochem J 2019; 476:705-718. [PMID: 30819933 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play an essential role in enabling cells to sense and bind to extracellular ligands. Activation and clustering of integrins leads to the formation of focal adhesions at the plasma membrane that subsequently initiate signalling pathways to control a broad range of functional endpoints including cell migration, proliferation and survival. The α4 and α9 integrins form a small sub-family of receptors that share some specific ligands and binding partners. Although relatively poorly studied compared with other integrin family members, emerging evidence suggests that despite restricted cell and tissue expression profiles, these integrins play a key role in the regulation of signalling pathways controlling cytoskeletal remodelling and migration in both adherent and non-adherent cell types. This review summarises the known shared and specific roles for α4 and α9 integrins and highlights the importance of these receptors in controlling cell migration within both homeostatic and disease settings.
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33
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Moreno-Layseca P, Icha J, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Integrin trafficking in cells and tissues. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:122-132. [PMID: 30602723 PMCID: PMC6597357 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is fundamental to metazoan multicellularity and is accomplished primarily through the integrin family of cell-surface receptors. Integrins are internalized and enter the endocytic-exocytic pathway before being recycled back to the plasma membrane. The trafficking of this extensive protein family is regulated in multiple context-dependent ways to modulate integrin function in the cell. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and cellular roles of integrin endocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Moreno-Layseca
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaroslav Icha
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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34
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Diaz C, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Missirlis D. Recruitment of integrin ανβ3 to integrin α5β1-induced clusters enables focal adhesion maturation and cell spreading. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.232702. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major fibronectin (FN) binding integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 exhibit cooperativity during cell adhesion, migration and mechanosensing, through mechanisms that are not yet fully resolved. Exploiting mechanically-tunable, nano-patterned substrates, and peptidomimetic ligands designed to selectively bind corresponding integrins, we report that focal adhesions (FAs) of endothelial cells assembled on integrin α5β1-selective substrates, rapidly recruit αvβ3 integrins, but not vice versa. Blocking of integrin αvβ3 hindered FA maturation and cell spreading on α5β1-selective substrates, indicating a mechanism dependent on extracellular ligand binding and highlighting the requirement of αvβ3 engagement for efficient adhesion. Recruitment of αvβ3 integrins additionally occurred on hydrogel substrates of varying mechanical properties, above a threshold stiffness supporting FA formation. Mechanistic studies revealed the need for soluble factors present in serum to allow recruitment, and excluded exogenous, or endogenous, FN as the responsible ligand for integrin αvβ3 accumulation to adhesion clusters. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of integrin co-operation and the critical role for αvβ3 integrins in promoting cell adhesion on α5β1-selective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Diaz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; postal address: Jahnstr. 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University; postal address: INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München; postal address: Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; postal address: Jahnstr. 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University; postal address: INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Kadry YA, Huet-Calderwood C, Simon B, Calderwood DA. Kindlin-2 interacts with a highly conserved surface of ILK to regulate focal adhesion localization and cell spreading. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.221184. [PMID: 30254023 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin-associated adaptor proteins integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and kindlin-2 play central roles in integrin signaling and control of cell morphology. A direct ILK-kindlin-2 interaction is conserved across species and involves the F2PH subdomain of kindlin-2 and the pseudokinase domain (pKD) of ILK. However, complete understanding of the ILK-kindlin-2 interaction and its role in integrin-mediated signaling has been impeded by difficulties identifying the binding site for kindlin-2 on ILK. We used conservation-guided mapping to dissect the interaction between ILK and kindlin-2 and identified a previously unknown binding site for kindlin-2 on the C-lobe of the pKD of ILK. Mutations at this site inhibit binding to kindlin-2 while maintaining structural integrity of the pKD. Importantly, kindlin-binding-defective ILK mutants exhibit impaired focal adhesion localization and fail to fully rescue the spreading defects seen in ILK knockdown cells. Furthermore, kindlin-2 mutants with impaired ILK binding are also unable to fully support cell spreading. Thus, the interaction between ILK and kindlin-2 is critical for cell spreading and focal adhesion localization, representing a key signaling axis downstream of integrins.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Bertrand Simon
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510, USA
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36
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Schoenherr C, Frame MC, Byron A. Trafficking of Adhesion and Growth Factor Receptors and Their Effector Kinases. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:29-58. [PMID: 30110558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to macromolecules in the microenvironment is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues, and its dysregulation can lead to a range of disease states, including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. The biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms that mediate cell adhesion rely on signaling by a range of effector proteins, including kinases and associated scaffolding proteins. The intracellular trafficking of these must be tightly controlled in space and time to enable effective cell adhesion and microenvironmental sensing and to integrate cell adhesion with, and compartmentalize it from, other cellular processes, such as gene transcription, protein degradation, and cell division. Delivery of adhesion receptors and signaling proteins from the plasma membrane to unanticipated subcellular locales is revealing novel biological functions. Here, we review the expected and unexpected trafficking, and sites of activity, of adhesion and growth factor receptors and intracellular kinase partners as we begin to appreciate the complexity and diversity of their spatial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
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37
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Eisler SA, Curado F, Link G, Schulz S, Noack M, Steinke M, Olayioye MA, Hausser A. A Rho signaling network links microtubules to PKD controlled carrier transport to focal adhesions. eLife 2018; 7:35907. [PMID: 30028295 PMCID: PMC6070338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that is required for the structural integrity and function of the Golgi complex. Despite its importance in the regulation of Golgi function, the molecular mechanisms regulating PKD activity are still incompletely understood. Using the genetically encoded PKD activity reporter G-PKDrep we now uncover a Rho signaling network comprising GEF-H1, the RhoGAP DLC3, and the Rho effector PLCε that regulate the activation of PKD at trans-Golgi membranes. We further show that this molecular network coordinates the formation of TGN-derived Rab6-positive transport carriers delivering cargo for localized exocytosis at focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Filipa Curado
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gisela Link
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Melanie Noack
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Steinke
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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