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Ma J, Majmudar A, Tian B. Bridging the Gap-Thermofluidic Designs for Precision Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302431. [PMID: 37975642 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, the merging of biology and electronics, can monitor and modulate biological behaviors across length and time scales with unprecedented capability. Current bioelectronics research largely focuses on devices' mechanical properties and electronic designs. However, the thermofluidic control is often overlooked, which is noteworthy given the discipline's importance in almost all bioelectronics processes. It is believed that integrating thermofluidic designs into bioelectronics is essential to align device precision with the complexity of biofluids and biological structures. This perspective serves as a mini roadmap for researchers in both fields to introduce key principles, applications, and challenges in both bioelectronics and thermofluids domains. Important interdisciplinary opportunities for the development of future healthcare devices and precise bioelectronics will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aman Majmudar
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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2
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Promy NT, Newberry M, Gulisija D. Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity in patchy habitats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19158. [PMID: 37932330 PMCID: PMC10628295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may evolve rapidly, enabling a population's persistence in the face of sudden environmental change. Rapid evolution can occur when there is considerable genetic polymorphism at selected loci. We propose that balancing selection could be one of the mechanisms that sustain such polymorphism for plasticity. We use stochastic Monte Carlo simulations and deterministic analysis to investigate the evolution of a plasticity modifier locus in structured populations inhabiting favorable and adverse environments, i.e. patchy habitats. We survey a wide range of parameters including selective pressures on a target (structural) locus, plasticity effects, population sizes, and migration patterns between demes including periodic or continuous bidirectional and source-sink dynamics. We find that polymorphism in phenotypic plasticity can be maintained under a wide range of environmental scenarios in both favorable and adverse environments due to the balancing effect of population structure in patchy habitats. This effect offers a new plausible explanation for the rapid evolution of plasticity in nature: Phenotypic plasticity may rapidly evolve from genetic variation maintained by balancing selection if the population has experienced immigration from populations under different selection regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawsheen T Promy
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Mitchell Newberry
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Boulevard NE, 3566 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Davorka Gulisija
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Boulevard NE, 3566 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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3
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Gückelhorn J, de-la-Peña S, Scheufele M, Grammer M, Opel M, Geprägs S, Cuevas JC, Gross R, Huebl H, Kamra A, Althammer M. Observation of the Nonreciprocal Magnon Hanle Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:216703. [PMID: 37295087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.216703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The precession of magnon pseudospin about the equilibrium pseudofield, the latter capturing the nature of magnonic eigenexcitations in an antiferromagnet, gives rise to the magnon Hanle effect. Its realization via electrically injected and detected spin transport in an antiferromagnetic insulator demonstrates its high potential for devices and as a convenient probe for magnon eigenmodes and the underlying spin interactions in the antiferromagnet. Here, we observe a nonreciprocity in the Hanle signal measured in hematite using two spatially separated platinum electrodes as spin injector or detector. Interchanging their roles was found to alter the detected magnon spin signal. The recorded difference depends on the applied magnetic field and reverses sign when the signal passes its nominal maximum at the so-called compensation field. We explain these observations in terms of a spin transport direction-dependent pseudofield. The latter leads to a nonreciprocity, which is found to be controllable via the applied magnetic field. The observed nonreciprocal response in the readily available hematite films opens interesting opportunities for realizing exotic physics predicted so far only for antiferromagnets with special crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Gückelhorn
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastián de-la-Peña
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika Scheufele
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Grammer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Opel
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Geprägs
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudolf Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Hans Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Althammer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Zhang G, Guo M, Ma H, Wang J, Zhang XD. Catalytic nanotechnology of X-ray photodynamics for cancer treatments. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1153-1181. [PMID: 36602259 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment because of its high selectivity, low toxicity, and non-invasiveness. However, the limited penetration depth of the light still hampers from reaching deep-seated tumors. Considering the penetrating ability of high-energy radiotherapy, X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) has evolved as an alternative to overcome tissue blocks. As the basic principle of X-PDT, X-rays stimulate the nanoparticles to emit scintillating or persistent luminescence and further activate the photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which would cause a series of molecular and cellular damages, immune response, and eventually break down the tumor tissue. In recent years, catalytic nanosystems with unique structures and functions have emerged that can enhance X-PDT therapeutic effects via an immune response. The anti-cancer effect of X-PDT is closely related to the following factors: energy conversion efficiency of the material, the radiation dose of X-rays, quantum yield of the material, tumor resistance, and biocompatibility. Based on the latest research in this field and the classical theories of nanoscience, this paper systematically elucidates the current development of the X-PDT and related immunotherapy, and highlights its broad prospects in medical applications, discussing the connection between fundamental science and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Huizhen Ma
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Duncan EJ, Leask MP, Dearden PK. Genome Architecture Facilitates Phenotypic Plasticity in the Honeybee (Apis mellifera). Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1964-1978. [PMID: 32134461 PMCID: PMC7306700 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of an organism to alter its phenotype in response to an environmental cue, facilitates rapid adaptation to changing environments. Plastic changes in morphology and behavior are underpinned by widespread gene expression changes. However, it is unknown if, or how, genomes are structured to ensure these robust responses. Here, we use repression of honeybee worker ovaries as a model of plasticity. We show that the honeybee genome is structured with respect to plasticity; genes that respond to an environmental trigger are colocated in the honeybee genome in a series of gene clusters, many of which have been assembled in the last 80 My during the evolution of the Apidae. These clusters are marked by histone modifications that prefigure the gene expression changes that occur as the ovary activates, suggesting that these genomic regions are poised to respond plastically. That the linear sequence of the honeybee genome is organized to coordinate widespread gene expression changes in response to environmental influences and that the chromatin organization in these regions is prefigured to respond to these influences is perhaps unexpected and has implications for other examples of plasticity in physiology, evolution, and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Duncan
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Megan P Leask
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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6
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Fatiukha A, Deblieck M, Klymiuk V, Merchuk-Ovnat L, Peleg Z, Ordon F, Fahima T, Korol A, Saranga Y, Krugman T. Genomic Architecture of Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to Water Stress in Tetraploid Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041723. [PMID: 33572141 PMCID: PMC7915520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is one of the main mechanisms of adaptation to abiotic stresses via changes in critical developmental stages. Altering flowering phenology is a key evolutionary strategy of plant adaptation to abiotic stresses, to achieve the maximum possible reproduction. The current study is the first to apply the linear regression residuals as drought plasticity scores while considering the variation in flowering phenology and traits under non-stress conditions. We characterized the genomic architecture of 17 complex traits and their drought plasticity scores for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, using a mapping population derived from a cross between durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and wild emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). We identified 79 QTLs affected observed traits and their plasticity scores, of which 33 reflected plasticity in response to water stress and exhibited epistatic interactions and/or pleiotropy between the observed and plasticity traits. Vrn-B3 (TaTF1) residing within an interval of a major drought-escape QTL was proposed as a candidate gene. The favorable alleles for most of the plasticity QTLs were contributed by wild emmer wheat, demonstrating its high potential for wheat improvement. Our study presents a new approach for the quantification of plant adaptation to various stresses and provides new insights into the genetic basis of wheat complex traits under water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Mathieu Deblieck
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (M.D.); (F.O.)
| | - Valentyna Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lianne Merchuk-Ovnat
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zvi Peleg
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (M.D.); (F.O.)
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Abraham Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-04-8240783
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7
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Fernandez L, Blanco-Rey M, Castrillo-Bodero R, Ilyn M, Ali K, Turco E, Corso M, Ormaza M, Gargiani P, Valbuena MA, Mugarza A, Moras P, Sheverdyaeva PM, Kundu AK, Jugovac M, Laubschat C, Ortega JE, Schiller F. Influence of 4f filling on electronic and magnetic properties of rare earth-Au surface compounds. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22258-22267. [PMID: 33146198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04964f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One-atom-thick rare-earth/noble metal (RE-NM) compounds are attractive materials to investigate two-dimensional magnetism, since they are easy to synthesize into a common RE-NM2 structure with high crystal perfection. Here we perform a comparative study of the GdAu2, HoAu2, and YbAu2 monolayer compounds grown on Au(111). We find the same atomic lattice quality and moiré superlattice periodicity in the three cases, but different electronic properties and magnetism. The YbAu2 monolayer reveals the characteristic electronic signatures of a mixed-valence configuration in the Yb atom. In contrast, GdAu2 and HoAu2 show the trivalent character of the rare-earth and ferromagnetic transitions below 22 K. Yet, the GdAu2 monolayer has an in-plane magnetic easy-axis, versus the out-of-plane one in HoAu2. The electronic bands of the two trivalent compounds are very similar, while the divalent YbAu2 monolayer exhibits different band features. In the latter, a strong 4f-5d hybridization is manifested in neatly resolved avoided crossings near the Fermi level. First principles theory points to a residual presence of empty 4f states, explaining the fluctuating valence of Yb in the YbAu2 monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernandez
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Blanco-Rey
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, Dpto. de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - R Castrillo-Bodero
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Ilyn
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - K Ali
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - E Turco
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Ormaza
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413 km 3.3, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - M A Valbuena
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08070 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Moras
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P M Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Asish K Kundu
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Jugovac
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Laubschat
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J E Ortega
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Schiller
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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8
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An intriguing N-oxide-functionalized 3D flexible microporous MOF exhibiting highly selectivity for CO2 with a gate effect. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Evolutionary origins of genomic adaptations in an invasive copepod. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1084-1094. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Zhao T, Zhang J, Zhang B, Liu Y, Lin Y, Wang H, Su H, Li X, Chen J. A New Route to Cyclohexanone using H
2
CO
3
as a Molecular Catalytic Ligand to Boost the Thorough Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes over Pd Nanocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Jian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Xing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Xiao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie‐Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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