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Schlawin F. Two-photon absorption cross sections of pulsed entangled beams. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144117. [PMID: 38619059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) could form the basis of nonlinear quantum spectroscopy at very low photon fluxes, since, at sufficiently low photon fluxes, ETPA scales linearly with the photon flux. When different pairs start to overlap temporally, accidental coincidences are thought to give rise to a "classical" quadratic scaling that dominates the signal at large photon fluxes and, thus, recovers a supposedly classical regime, where any quantum advantage is thought to be lost. Here, we scrutinize this assumption and demonstrate that quantum-enhanced absorption cross sections can persist even for very large photon numbers. To this end, we use a minimal model for quantum light, which can interpolate continuously between the entangled pair and a high-photon-flux limit, to analytically derive ETPA cross sections and the intensity crossover regime. We investigate the interplay between spectral and spatial degrees of freedom and how linewidth broadening of the sample impacts the experimentally achievable enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schlawin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg, Germany; and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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Vardi O, Maroudas-Sklare N, Kolodny Y, Volosniev A, Saragovi A, Galili N, Ferrera S, Ghazaryan A, Yuran N, Affek HP, Luz B, Goldsmith Y, Keren N, Yochelis S, Halevy I, Lemeshko M, Paltiel Y. Nuclear spin effects in biological processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300828120. [PMID: 37523549 PMCID: PMC10410702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, nuclear spin is not considered to affect biological processes. Recently, this has changed as isotopic fractionation that deviates from classical mass dependence was reported both in vitro and in vivo. In these cases, the isotopic effect correlates with the nuclear magnetic spin. Here, we show nuclear spin effects using stable oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O) in two separate setups: an artificial dioxygen production system and biological aquaporin channels in cells. We observe that oxygen dynamics in chiral environments (in particular its transport) depend on nuclear spin, suggesting future applications for controlled isotope separation to be used, for instance, in NMR. To demonstrate the mechanism behind our findings, we formulate theoretical models based on a nuclear-spin-enhanced switch between electronic spin states. Accounting for the role of nuclear spin in biology can provide insights into the role of quantum effects in living systems and help inspire the development of future biotechnology solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Vardi
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Naama Maroudas-Sklare
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Kolodny
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Artem Volosniev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- The Lautenberg center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem91121, Israel
| | - Nir Galili
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Stav Ferrera
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Areg Ghazaryan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Nir Yuran
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Hagit P. Affek
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Boaz Luz
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Yonaton Goldsmith
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Itay Halevy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
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Abstract
A bio-photonic cavity quantum electrodynamic (C-QED) framework could be imagined as a system in which both the “cavity” and the “atom” participating in the light-matter interaction scenario are bio-inspired. Can a cavity be made of a bio-polymer? If so, how should such a cavity appear and what are the best polymers to fabricate it? Can a bioluminescent material stand the comparison with new-fashion semiconductors? In this review we answer these fundamental questions to pave the way toward an eco-friendly paradigm, in which the ever-increasing demand for more performing quantum photonics technologies meets the ever-increasing yet silent demand of our planet to reduce our environmental footprint.
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Carnio EG, Buchleitner A, Schlawin F. Optimization of selective two-photon absorption in cavity polaritons. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214114. [PMID: 34240974 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate optimal states of photon pairs to excite a target transition in a multilevel quantum system. With the help of coherent control theory for two-photon absorption with quantum light, we infer the maximal population achievable by optimal entangled vs separable states of light. Interference between excitation pathways as well as the presence of nearby states may hamper the selective excitation of a particular target state, but we show that quantum correlations can help to overcome this problem and enhance the achievable "selectivity" between two energy levels, i.e., the relative difference in population transferred into each of them. We find that the added value of optimal entangled states of light increases with broadening linewidths of the target states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo G Carnio
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schlawin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Marais A, Adams B, Ringsmuth AK, Ferretti M, Gruber JM, Hendrikx R, Schuld M, Smith SL, Sinayskiy I, Krüger TPJ, Petruccione F, van Grondelle R. The future of quantum biology. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180640. [PMID: 30429265 PMCID: PMC6283985 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are dynamical, constantly exchanging energy and matter with the environment in order to maintain the non-equilibrium state synonymous with living. Developments in observational techniques have allowed us to study biological dynamics on increasingly small scales. Such studies have revealed evidence of quantum mechanical effects, which cannot be accounted for by classical physics, in a range of biological processes. Quantum biology is the study of such processes, and here we provide an outline of the current state of the field, as well as insights into future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marais
- Quantum Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Betony Adams
- Quantum Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Andrew K Ringsmuth
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Marco Ferretti
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Michael Gruber
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Hendrikx
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Schuld
- Quantum Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Samuel L Smith
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilya Sinayskiy
- Quantum Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Tjaart P J Krüger
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Francesco Petruccione
- Quantum Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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