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Wang E, Chen Z, Shi R, Xiong Z, Xin Z, Wang B, Guo J, Peng R, Wu Y, Li C, Ren H, Li X, Liu K. Humidity-Controlled Dynamic Engineering of Buckling Dimensionality in MoS 2 Thin Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14157-14167. [PMID: 36053054 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic engineering of buckling deformation is of vital importance as it provides multiphase modulation of thin film devices. In particular, dynamic switch of buckles between one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) configurations in a single film system on rigid substrates is intriguing but very challenging. The current approach to changing buckling configuration is mainly achieved by varying the built-in stress at the film-substrate interface, but it is difficult to realize dynamic engineering on rigid substrates. Herein, we report a dynamic engineering of buckling deformation in MoS2 thin films by humidity-tuned interfacial adhesion. With the change of humidity, the MoS2 thin films deform from 1D telephone-cord buckles to 2D web-like buckles due to the hydrophilic nature of both MoS2 and substrate. Such 1D-to-2D evolution of buckles is attributed to the weakened interfacial adhesion of mixed deformation modes induced by humidity, which is verified by finite-element modeling. These buckled films further find potential applications as patterned templates for liquid condensation and sensing units for tactile sensors. Our work not only demonstrates the humidity-controlled dimensionality engineering of buckles in MoS2 thin films but also sheds light on the functional applications of buckled films based on their profile features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zekun Chen
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zixin Xiong
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeqin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonghuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road No. 1, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Pandey M, Kumar R. Polymer curing assisted formation of optically visible sub-micron blisters of multilayer graphene for local strain engineering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:245401. [PMID: 35344935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac61b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The local or global straining techniques are used to modulate the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, manipulating the physical properties of a 2D material under a local strain is comparatively more challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an easy and efficient polymer curing assisted technique for the formation of optically visible multilayer graphene (MLG) blisters of different shapes and sizes. The detailed spectroscopic and morphological analyses have been employed for exploring the dynamics of the confined matter inside the sub-micron blisters, which confirms that the confined matter inside the blister is liquid (water). From further analyses, we find the nonlinear elastic plate model as an acceptable model under certain limits for the mechanical analyses of the MLG blisters over the (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer film to estimate the MLG-substrate interfacial adhesion energy and confinement pressure inside the blisters. The findings open new pathways for exploiting the technique for the formation of sub-micron blisters of the 2D materials for local strain-engineering applications, as well as the temperature-controlled release of the confined matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pandey
- T-GraMS Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- T-GraMS Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India
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Zhou F, Liu B, Li Z, Zhou J, Shan J, Cui L, Hu J, Quan W, Cui K, Gao P, Zhang Y. Adhesion-Enhanced Vertically Oriented Graphene on Titanium-Covered Quartz Glass toward High-Stability Light-Dimming-Related Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10514-10524. [PMID: 34038079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the adhesion property of graphene directly grown on an insulating substrate is essential for promoting the reliability and durability of the related applications. However, effective approaches have rarely been reported, especially for vertically oriented graphene (VG) films grown on insulating templates. To tackle this, we have developed a facile synthetic strategy by introducing an ultrathin (10 nm-thick) titanium (Ti) film on a quartz glass substrate as the adhesion layer, for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) growth of VG films. This synthetic process induces the formation of Ti, oxygen (O), carbon (C)-containing adhesion layer (Ti (O, C)), offering improved interfacial adhesion due to the formation of chemical bonds among Ti and C atoms. Dramatically improved surface and interface stabilities have been achieved, with regard to its counterpart without a Ti adhesion layer. Moreover, we have also realized precise controls of the transparent/conductive property, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity, etc., by varying the VG film growth time. We have also demonstrated the very intriguing application potentials of the hybrids in light-dimming related fields, that is, electro-heating defogging lenses and neutral density filters toward medical endoscope defogging and camera photography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Shan
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Quan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Beyer A. Mechanics of free-standing inorganic and molecular 2D materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1443-1484. [PMID: 33434243 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07606f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene has triggered a great interest in inorganic as well as molecular two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the mechanical characterization of free-standing 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), transition metal-dichalcogenides, MXenes, black phosphor, carbon nanomembranes (CNMs), 2D polymers, 2D metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Elastic, fracture, bending and interfacial properties of these materials have been determined using a variety of experimental techniques including atomic force microscopy based nanoindentation, in situ tensile/fracture testing, bulge testing, Raman spectroscopy, Brillouin light scattering and buckling-based metrology. Additionally, we address recent advances of 2D materials in a variety of mechanical applications, including resonators, microphones and nanoelectromechanical sensors. With the emphasis on progress and challenges in the mechanical characterization of inorganic and molecular 2D materials, we expect a continuous growth of interest and more systematic experimental work on the mechanics of such ultrathin nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Zhang
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Direct measurements of interfacial adhesion in 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures in ambient air. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5607. [PMID: 33154376 PMCID: PMC7645779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interfacial adhesion energy is a fundamental property of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and van der Waals heterostructures due to their intrinsic ultrahigh surface to volume ratio, making adhesion forces very strong in many processes related to fabrication, integration and performance of devices incorporating 2D crystals. However, direct quantitative characterization of adhesion behavior of fresh and aged homo/heterointerfaces at nanoscale has remained elusive. Here, we use an atomic force microscopy technique to report precise adhesion measurements in ambient air through well-defined interactions of tip-attached 2D crystal nanomesas with 2D crystal and SiOx substrates. We quantify how different levels of short-range dispersive and long-range electrostatic interactions respond to airborne contaminants and humidity upon thermal annealing. We show that a simple but very effective precooling treatment can protect 2D crystal substrates against the airborne contaminants and thus boost the adhesion level at the interface of similar and dissimilar van der Waals heterostructures. Our combined experimental and computational analysis also reveals a distinctive interfacial behavior in transition metal dichalcogenides and graphite/SiOx heterostructures beyond the widely accepted van der Waals interaction.
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Manzanares-Negro Y, Ares P, Jaafar M, López-Polín G, Gómez-Navarro C, Gómez-Herrero J. Improved Graphene Blisters by Ultrahigh Pressure Sealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37750-37756. [PMID: 32705868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a very attractive material for nanomechanical devices and membrane applications. Graphene blisters based on silicon oxide microcavities are a simple but relevant example of nanoactuators. A drawback of this experimental setup is that gas leakage through the graphene-SiO2 interface contributes significantly to the total leak rate. Here, we study the diffusion of air from pressurized graphene drumheads on SiO2 microcavities and propose a straightforward method to improve the already strong adhesion between graphene and the underlying SiO2 substrate, resulting in reduced leak rates. This is carried out by applying controlled and localized ultrahigh pressure (>10 GPa) with an atomic force microscopy diamond tip. With this procedure, we are able to significantly approach the graphene layer to the SiO2 surface around the drumheads, thus enhancing the interaction between them, allowing us to better seal the graphene-SiO2 interface, which is reflected in up to ∼ 4 times lower leakage rates. Our work opens an easy way to improve the performance of graphene as a gas membrane on a technological relevant substrate such as SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Manzanares-Negro
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ares
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Jaafar
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Polín
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez-Navarro
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Gómez-Herrero
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center IFIMAC. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ma J, Cahill DG, Miljkovic N. Condensation Induced Blistering as a Measurement Technique for the Adhesion Energy of Nanoscale Polymer Films. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3918-3924. [PMID: 32320258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric coatings having micro-to-nanoscale thickness show immense promise for enhancing thermal transport, catalysis, energy conversion, and water collection. Characterizing the work of adhesion (G) between these coatings and their substrates is key to understanding transport physics as well as mechanical reliability. Here, we demonstrate that water vapor condensation blistering is capable of in situ measurement of work of adhesion at the interface of polymer thin films with micrometer spatial resolution. We use our method to characterize adhesion of interfaces with controlled chemistry such as fluorocarbon/fluorocarbon (CFn/CFm, n, m = 0-3), fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon (CFn/CHm), fluorocarbon/silica (CFn/SiO2), and hydrocarbon/silica (CHn/SiO2) interfaces showing excellent agreement with adhesion energy measured by the contact angle approach. We demonstrate the capability of our condensation blister test to achieve measurement spatial resolutions as low as 10 μm with uncertainties of ∼10%. The outcomes of this work establish a simple tool to study interfacial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David G Cahill
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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