1
|
Azamoum Y, Becker GA, Keppler S, Duchateau G, Skupin S, Grech M, Catoire F, Hell S, Tamer I, Hornung M, Hellwing M, Kessler A, Schorcht F, Kaluza MC. Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:109. [PMID: 38719813 PMCID: PMC11079011 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics, plasma physics, and laser physics. Knowledge of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from low-power laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion acceleration. Accessing the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse's rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view, and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open questions. On the one hand, laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the pulse. On the other hand, efficient laser ablation requires, for example, preventing the so-called "plasma shielding". By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction, we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and evolution. Nanometer-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities < 1016 W/cm². Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 1023 cm-3 (about 100 times the critical plasma density). The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization, collisions, and expansion.
Collapse
Grants
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- 03Z1H531, 05K16SJC,05K19SJC, 05P15SJFA1, 05P19SJFA1, 03VNE2068D Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- LASERLAB-EUROPE (Grant Agreement No. 871124, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Azamoum
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Georg Alexander Becker
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keppler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Skupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 - CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mickael Grech
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabrice Catoire
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - Sebastian Hell
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Issa Tamer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Hellwing
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Kessler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franck Schorcht
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Malte Christoph Kaluza
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Catrix E, Boivin F, Langlois K, Vallières S, Boynukara CY, Fourmaux S, Antici P. Stable high repetition-rate laser-driven proton beam production for multidisciplinary applications on the advanced laser light source ion beamline. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103003. [PMID: 37791855 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven proton accelerators are relevant candidates for many applications such as material science or medicine. Today, there are multi-hundred-TW table-top laser systems that can generate relativistic peak intensities >1018 W/cm2 and routinely reach proton energies in the MeV range. However, for most desired applications, there is still a need to optimize the quality and stability of the laser-generated proton beam. In this work, we developed a 0.625 Hz high repetition-rate setup in which a laser with 2.5% RMS energy stability is irradiating a solid target with an intensity of 1019 to 1020 W/cm2 to explore proton energy and yield variations, both with high shot statistics (up to about 400 laser shots) and using different interaction targets. Investigating the above-mentioned parameters is important for applications that rely on specific parts of the proton spectrum or a high ion flux produced over quick multi-shot irradiation. We demonstrate that the use of a stable "multi-shot mode" allows improving applications, e.g., in the detection of trace elements using laser-driven particle-induced x-ray emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Catrix
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Frédéric Boivin
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kassandra Langlois
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Computing, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Canan Yağmur Boynukara
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Dipartimento SBAI, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Sylvain Fourmaux
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Patrizio Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weiser A, Lanz A, Hunter ED, Simon MC, Widmann E, Murtagh DJ. A compact low energy proton source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103301. [PMID: 37782215 DOI: 10.1063/5.0162339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A low energy proton source for non-neutral plasma experiments was developed. Electrons from a hot filament ionize H2 gas inside a geometrically compensated Penning trap to produce protons via dissociative ionization. A rotating wall electric field destabilizes the unwanted H2+ and H3+ generated in the process while concentrating protons at the center of the trap. The source produces bunches of protons with relatively low ion contamination (5.5% H2+ and 15.5% H3+), with energy tunable from 35 to 300 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Weiser
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Lanz
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E D Hunter
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - M C Simon
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - E Widmann
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - D J Murtagh
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hata M, Sano T, Iwata N, Sentoku Y. Optimum design of double-layer target for proton acceleration by ultrahigh intense femtosecond lasers considering relativistic rising edge. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:035205. [PMID: 37849131 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.035205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in laser technology have led to ever-increasing laser intensities. As a result, in addition to the amplified spontaneous emission and pedestal, it has become necessary to accurately treat the relativistic rising edge component. This component has not needed much consideration in the past because of its not relativistic intensity. In the previous study, a thin contamination layer was blown away from the target by the rear sheath field due to the relativistic rising edge component, and the target bulk was accelerated by the sheath field due to the main pulse. These indicated that the proton acceleration is not efficient in the target normal sheath acceleration by the ultrahigh intense femtosecond laser if the proton-containing layer is as thin as the contamination layer. Here we employ a double-layer target, making the second (rear) layer thick enough not to be blown away by the rising edge, so that the second layer is accelerated by the main pulse. The first layer is composed of heavy ions to reduce the total thickness of the target for efficient proton acceleration. We investigate an optimal design of a double-layer target for proton acceleration by the ultrahigh intense femtosecond laser considering the relativistic rising edge using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We also discuss how to optimize the design of such a double-layer target and find that it can be designed with two conditions: the first layer is not penetrated by hole boring, and the second layer is not blown away by the rising edge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Hata
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang PJ, Wang DH, Gao Y, Shou YR, Liu JB, Mei ZS, Cao ZX, Pan Z, Kong DF, Xu SR, Liu ZP, Chen SY, Zhao JR, Geng YX, Zhao YY, Yan XQ, Ma WJ. A versatile control program for positioning and shooting targets in laser-plasma experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:093303. [PMID: 37772947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a LabVIEW-based control program that significantly improves the efficiency and flexibility in positioning and shooting solid targets in laser-plasma experiments. The hardware driven by this program incorporates a target positioning subsystem and an imaging subsystem, which enables us to install up to 400 targets for one experimental campaign and precisely adjust them in six freedom degrees. The overall architecture and the working modes of the control program are demonstrated in detail. In addition, we characterized the distributions of target positions of every target holder and simultaneously saved the target images, resulting in a large dataset that can be used to train machine learning models and develop image recognition algorithms. This versatile control system has become an indispensable platform when preparing and conducting laser-plasma experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - D H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Y Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y R Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z S Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z X Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D F Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z P Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J R Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y X Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X Q Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Huairou, Beijing 101400, China
- Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - W J Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Huairou, Beijing 101400, China
- Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510540, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dover NP, Ziegler T, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Bock S, Brack FE, Cowan TE, Ditter EJ, Garten M, Gaus L, Goethel I, Hicks GS, Kiriyama H, Kluge T, Koga JK, Kon A, Kondo K, Kraft S, Kroll F, Lowe HF, Metzkes-Ng J, Miyatake T, Najmudin Z, Püschel T, Rehwald M, Reimold M, Sakaki H, Schlenvoigt HP, Shiokawa K, Umlandt MEP, Schramm U, Zeil K, Nishiuchi M. Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 36914618 PMCID: PMC10011581 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy, high peak current beams. Their suitability for applications, such as compact medical accelerators, motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond lasers. These applications not only require high beam energy, but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and controllability. This can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast, precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar parameters. Here, we present the experimental generation of >60 MeV protons and >30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities >1021 Wcm2. Ions are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field ≳30 TVm-1, over a million times higher than used in conventional accelerators. The field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency, in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque plasma. We replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced pre-expansion. Our demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emma J Ditter
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilja Goethel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - George S Hicks
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromitsu Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - James K Koga
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Kon
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hazel F Lowe
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiko Miyatake
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Zulfikar Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Püschel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hironao Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | | | - Keiichiro Shiokawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mamiko Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ultrafast Laser Material Damage Simulation—A New Look at an Old Problem. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081259. [PMID: 35457967 PMCID: PMC9031137 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chirped pulse amplification technique has enabled the generation of pulses of a few femtosecond duration with peak powers multi-Tera and Peta–Watt in the near infrared. Its implementation to realize even shorter pulse duration, higher energy, and higher repetition rate laser systems relies on overcoming the limitations imposed by laser damage of critical components. In particular, the laser damage of coatings in the amplifiers and in post-compression optics have become a bottleneck. The robustness of optical coatings is typically evaluated numerically through steady-state simulations of electric field enhancement in multilayer stacks. However, this approach cannot capture crucial characteristics of femtosecond laser induced damage (LID), as it only considers the geometry of the multilayer stack and the optical properties of the materials composing the stack. This approach neglects that in the interaction of an ultrashort pulse and the materials there is plasma generation and associated material modifications. Here, we present a numerical approach to estimate the LID threshold of dielectric multilayer coatings based on strong field electronic dynamics. In this dynamic scheme, the electric field propagation, photoionization, impact ionization, and electron heating are incorporated through a finite-difference time-domain algorithm. We applied our method to simulate the LID threshold of bulk fused silica, and of multilayer dielectric mirrors and gratings. The results are then compared with experimental measurements. The salient aspects of our model, such as the implementation of the Keldysh photoionization model, the impact ionization model, the electron collision model for ‘low’-temperature, dense plasma, and the LID threshold criterion for few-cycle pulses are discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dosimetric Optimization of a Laser-Driven Irradiation Facility Using the G4-ELIMED Application. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ELIMED has been developed and installed at ELI beamlines as a part of the ELIMAIA beamline to transport, monitor, and use laser-driven ion beams suitable for multidisciplinary applications, including biomedical ones. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility to perform radiobiological experiments using laser-accelerated proton beams with intermediate energies (up to 30 MeV). To reach this goal, we simulate a proton source based on experimental data like the ones expected to be available in the first phase of ELIMED commissioning by using the G4-ELIMED application (an application based on the Geant4 toolkit that simulates the full ELIMED beamline). This allows the study of transmission efficiency and the final characteristics of the proton beam at the sample irradiation point. The Energy Selector System is used as an active energy modulator to obtain the desired beam features in a relatively short irradiation time (around 6 min). Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of the beamline to filter out other ion contaminants, typically co-accelerated in a laser-plasma environment. These results can be considered as a detailed feasibility study for the use of ELIMED for various user applications such as radiobiological experiments with ultrahigh dose rate proton beams.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zimmer M, Scheuren S, Ebert T, Schaumann G, Schmitz B, Hornung J, Bagnoud V, Rödel C, Roth M. Analysis of laser-proton acceleration experiments for development of empirical scaling laws. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045210. [PMID: 34781535 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous experiments on laser-driven proton acceleration in the MeV range have been performed with a large variety of laser parameters since its discovery around the year 2000. Both experiments and simulations have revealed that protons are accelerated up to a maximum cut-off energy during this process. Several attempts have been made to find a universal model for laser proton acceleration in the target normal sheath acceleration regime. While these models can qualitatively explain most experimental findings, they can hardly be used as predictive models, for example, for the energy cut-off of accelerated protons, as many of the underlying parameters are often unknown. Here we analyze experiments on laser proton acceleration in which scans of laser and target parameters were performed. We derive empirical scaling laws from these parameter scans and combine them in a scaling law for the proton energy cut-off that incorporates the laser pulse energy, the laser pulse duration, the focal spot radius, and the target thickness. Using these scaling laws, we give examples for predicting the proton energy cut-off and conversion efficiency for state-of-the-art laser systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmer
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Scheuren
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Ebert
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Schaumann
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schmitz
- Institute for Accelerator Science and Electromagnetic Fields, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Hornung
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - V Bagnoud
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Rödel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Förster DJ, Jäggi B, Michalowski A, Neuenschwander B. Review on Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals with Burst Pulses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3331. [PMID: 34208648 PMCID: PMC8235081 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Laser processing with ultra-short double pulses has gained attraction since the beginning of the 2000s. In the last decade, pulse bursts consisting of multiple pulses with a delay of several 10 ns and less found their way into the area of micromachining of metals, opening up completely new process regimes and allowing an increase in the structuring rates and surface quality of machined samples. Several physical effects such as shielding or re-deposition of material have led to a new understanding of the related machining strategies and processing regimes. Results of both experimental and numerical investigations are placed into context for different time scales during laser processing. This review is dedicated to the fundamental physical phenomena taking place during burst processing and their respective effects on machining results of metals in the ultra-short pulse regime for delays ranging from several 100 fs to several microseconds. Furthermore, technical applications based on these effects are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Förster
- Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- LightPulse LASER PRECISION, Pfaffenwaldring 43, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Beat Jäggi
- LASEA Switzerland SA, Rue du Soleil 11, 2504 Bienne, Switzerland;
| | | | - Beat Neuenschwander
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies ALPS, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 3400 Burgdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Combined laser-based X-ray fluorescence and particle-induced X-ray emission for versatile multi-element analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9998. [PMID: 33976237 PMCID: PMC8113557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle and radiation sources are widely employed in manifold applications. In the last decades, the upcoming of versatile, energetic, high-brilliance laser-based sources, as produced by intense laser–matter interactions, has introduced utilization of these sources in diverse areas, given their potential to complement or even outperform existing techniques. In this paper, we show that the interaction of an intense laser with a solid target produces a versatile, non-destructive, fast analysis technique that allows to switch from laser-driven PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission) to laser-driven XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) within single laser shots, by simply changing the atomic number of the interaction target. The combination of both processes improves the retrieval of constituents in materials and allows for volumetric analysis up to tens of microns and on cm2 large areas up to a detection threshold of ppms. This opens the route for a versatile, non-destructive, and fast combined analysis technique.
Collapse
|
12
|
Proton beam quality enhancement by spectral phase control of a PW-class laser system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7338. [PMID: 33795713 PMCID: PMC8017008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on experimental investigations of proton acceleration from solid foils irradiated with PW-class laser-pulses, where highest proton cut-off energies were achieved for temporal pulse parameters that varied significantly from those of an ideally Fourier transform limited (FTL) pulse. Controlled spectral phase modulation of the driver laser by means of an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter enabled us to manipulate the temporal shape of the last picoseconds around the main pulse and to study the effect on proton acceleration from thin foil targets. The results show that applying positive third order dispersion values to short pulses is favourable for proton acceleration and can lead to maximum energies of 70 MeV in target normal direction at 18 J laser energy for thin plastic foils, significantly enhancing the maximum energy compared to ideally compressed FTL pulses. The paper further proves the robustness and applicability of this enhancement effect for the use of different target materials and thicknesses as well as laser energy and temporal intensity contrast settings. We demonstrate that application relevant proton beam quality was reliably achieved over many months of operation with appropriate control of spectral phase and temporal contrast conditions using a state-of-the-art high-repetition rate PW laser system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vallières S, Salvadori M, Permogorov A, Cantono G, Svendsen K, Chen Z, Sun S, Consoli F, d'Humières E, Wahlström CG, Antici P. Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration using nanowire targets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2226. [PMID: 33500441 PMCID: PMC7838319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration is a growing field of interest in the high-power laser community. One of the big challenges related to the most routinely used laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism, Target-Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA), is to enhance the laser-to-proton energy transfer such as to maximize the proton kinetic energy and number. A way to achieve this is using nanostructured target surfaces in the laser-matter interaction. In this paper, we show that nanowire structures can increase the maximum proton energy by a factor of two, triple the proton temperature and boost the proton numbers, in a campaign performed on the ultra-high contrast 10 TW laser at the Lund Laser Center (LLC). The optimal nanowire length, generating maximum proton energies around 6 MeV, is around 1–2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\upmu$$\end{document}μm. This nanowire length is sufficient to form well-defined highly-absorptive NW forests and short enough to minimize the energy loss of hot electrons going through the target bulk. Results are further supported by Particle-In-Cell simulations. Systematically analyzing nanowire length, diameter and gap size, we examine the underlying physical mechanisms that are provoking the enhancement of the longitudinal accelerating electric field. The parameter scan analysis shows that optimizing the spatial gap between the nanowires leads to larger enhancement than by the nanowire diameter and length, through increased electron heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada. .,CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - M Salvadori
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada.,National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy.,Univ. of Rome "La Sapienza", P. Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Permogorov
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Cantono
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Svendsen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Z Chen
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - S Sun
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - F Consoli
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - E d'Humières
- CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - C-G Wahlström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barberio M, Giusepponi S, Vallières S, Scisció M, Celino M, Antici P. Ultra-Fast High-Precision Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis using Laser-Accelerated Protons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9570. [PMID: 32532997 PMCID: PMC7293332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration, as produced during the interaction of a high-intensity (I > 1 × 1018 W/cm2), short pulse (<1 ps) laser with a solid target, is a prosperous field of endeavor for manifold applications in different domains, including astrophysics, biomedicine and materials science. These emerging applications benefit from the unique features of the laser-accelerated particles such as short duration, intense flux and energy versatility, which allow obtaining unprecedented temperature and pressure conditions. In this paper, we show that laser-driven protons are perfectly suited for producing, in a single sub-ns laser pulse, metallic nanocrystals with tunable diameter ranging from tens to hundreds of nm and very high precision. Our method relies on the intense and very quick proton energy deposition, which induces in a bulk material an explosive boiling and produces nanocrystals that aggregate in a plasma plume composed by atoms detached from the proton-irradiated surface. The properties of the obtained particles depend on the deposited proton energy and on the duration of the thermodynamical process. Suitably controlling the irradiated dose allows fabricating nanocrystals of a specific size with low polydispersity that can easily be isolated in order to obtain a monodisperse nanocrystal solution. Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm our experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barberio
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - S Giusepponi
- ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - S Vallières
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
- CELIA, Uni. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence, 33400, France
| | - M Scisció
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
- ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati - Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Celino
- ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - P Antici
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dover NP, Nishiuchi M, Sakaki H, Kondo K, Alkhimova MA, Faenov AY, Hata M, Iwata N, Kiriyama H, Koga JK, Miyahara T, Pikuz TA, Pirozhkov AS, Sagisaka A, Sentoku Y, Watanabe Y, Kando M, Kondo K. Effect of Small Focus on Electron Heating and Proton Acceleration in Ultrarelativistic Laser-Solid Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:084802. [PMID: 32167312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.084802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of particles from the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses up to 5×10^{21} W cm^{-2} with thin foils is investigated experimentally. The electron beam parameters varied with decreasing spot size, not just laser intensity, resulting in reduced temperatures and divergence. In particular, the temperature saturated due to insufficient acceleration length in the tightly focused spot. These dependencies affected the sheath-accelerated protons, which showed poorer spot-size scaling than widely used scaling laws. It is therefore shown that maximizing laser intensity by using very small foci has reducing returns for some applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - H Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ko Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M A Alkhimova
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - A Ya Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - J K Koga
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T Miyahara
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T A Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A S Pirozhkov
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - A Sagisaka
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Kando
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bienvenue C, Vallières S, Payeur S, Antici P. Submicrometric absolute positioning of flat reflective surfaces using Michelson interferometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:123702. [PMID: 31893851 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a Target Positioning Interferometer (TPI), a system that uses variations of the wavefront curvature to position solid reflective surfaces with submicrometric precision. The TPI is a Michelson interferometer into which a lens is inserted in the target arm and the mirror of the reference arm is slightly tilted. The TPI configuration presented in this work allows us to position the surface of a reflective target on a beam focus within an uncertainty of 350 nm (2σ) in a subsecond timeframe, using a lens with a numerical aperture of NA = 0.20. We support our experimental findings with numerical simulations of the interference pattern using the ABCD matrices' method, allowing us to define scaling laws for using the TPI with different optics and environments, as well as suggestions to improve the TPI accuracy and adapt the system to different applications. This system is very well suited for accurate and repeatable target positioning used in laser-driven ion acceleration, where a precise alignment is key to optimize the proton acceleration mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bienvenue
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - S Payeur
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Characterization of laser-driven proton acceleration from water microdroplets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17169. [PMID: 31748554 PMCID: PMC6868211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a proton acceleration experiment in which high-intensity laser pulses with a wavelength of 0.4 μm and with varying temporal intensity contrast have been used to irradiate water droplets of 20 μm diameter. Such droplets are a reliable and easy-to-implement type of target for proton acceleration experiments with the potential to be used at very high repetition rates. We have investigated the influence of the laser’s angle of incidence by moving the droplet along the laser polarization axis. This position, which is coupled with the angle of incidence, has a crucial impact on the maximum proton energy. Central irradiation leads to an inefficient coupling of the laser energy into hot electrons, resulting in a low maximum proton energy. The introduction of a controlled pre-pulse produces an enhancement of hot electron generation in this geometry and therefore higher proton energies. However, two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support our experimental results confirming, that even slightly higher proton energies are achieved under grazing laser incidence when no additional pre-plasma is present. Illuminating a droplet under grazing incidence generates a stream of hot electrons that flows along the droplet’s surface due to self-generated electric and magnetic fields and ultimately generates a strong electric field responsible for proton acceleration. The interaction conditions were monitored with the help of an ultra-short optical probe laser, with which the plasma expansion could be observed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vallières S, Bienvenue C, Puyuelo-Valdes P, Salvadori M, d'Humières E, Schiettekatte F, Antici P. Low-energy proton calibration and energy-dependence linearization of EBT-XD radiochromic films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083301. [PMID: 31472601 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we calibrate the newly developed EBT-XD radiochromic films (RCFs) manufactured by Gafchromictm using protons in the energy range of 4-10 MeV. Irradiation was performed on the 2 × 6 MV tandem linear accelerator located at the Université de Montréal. The RCFs were digitized using an Epson Perfection V700 flatbed scanner using both the red-green-blue and grayscale channels. The proton fluences were measured with Faraday cups calibrated in absolute terms. The linear energy transfer function within the active layer of the films was calculated using the mass stopping power tables coming from the PSTAR database from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to allow retrieval of the deposited dose. We find that the calibration curves for 7 and 10 MeV protons are nearly equivalent. The 4 MeV calibration curves exhibit a quenching effect due to the Bragg peak that falls close to the active layer. A linearization of this energy dependence was developed using a semiempirical parametric model to allow the generation of calibration curves for any incident proton energy within the present range. Excellent correspondence (<5% dose difference for the same netOD) of the 10 MeV calibration curves was noted when compared to existing high-energy proton (148.2 MeV) calibration curves reported in the literature. Our calibration extends the range of operation of EBT-XD films to low-energy proton beam dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - C Bienvenue
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - P Puyuelo-Valdes
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - M Salvadori
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - E d'Humières
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33400, France
| | - F Schiettekatte
- University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barberio M, Antici P. Laser-PIXE using laser-accelerated proton beams. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6855. [PMID: 31048722 PMCID: PMC6497714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration is a field of growing interest, in particular for its numerous applications, including in the field of materials science. A benefit of these laser-based particle sources is their potential for a relative compactness in addition to some characteristics at the source that differ from those of conventional, radio-frequency based proton sources. These features include, e.g., a higher brilliance, a shorter duration, and a larger energy spread. Recently, the use of laser-accelerated protons has been proposed in the field of Cultural Heritage, as alternative source for the Particle Induced X-ray Emission diagnostic ("laser-PIXE"), a particular ion beam analysis (IBA) technique that allows to precisely analyse the chemical composition of the material bulk. In this paper we study the feasibility of the laser-PIXE using laser-accelerated proton beams. We focus on materials specifically of interest for the Cultural Heritage domain. Using Geant4 simulations, we show that the laser-PIXE allows analysing a larger volume than conventional PIXE, profiting from the large energy spread of laser-accelerated protons. Furthermore, for specific materials, the large energy spread allows investigating multilayer materials, providing an advantage compared to conventional PIXE technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barberio
- INRS-EMT, 1650 boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bin JH, Ji Q, Seidl PA, Raftrey D, Steinke S, Persaud A, Nakamura K, Gonsalves A, Leemans WP, Schenkel T. Absolute calibration of GafChromic film for very high flux laser driven ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053301. [PMID: 31153260 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the calibration of GafChromic HD-v2 radiochromic film in the extremely high dose regime up to 100 kGy together with very high dose rates up to 7 × 1011 Gy/s. The absolute calibration was done with nanosecond ion bunches at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II particle accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and covers a broad dose dynamic range over three orders of magnitude. We then applied the resulting calibration curve to calibrate a laser driven ion experiment performed on the BELLA petawatt laser facility at LBNL. Here, we reconstructed the spatial and energy resolved distributions of the laser-accelerated proton beams. The resulting proton distribution is in fair agreement with the spectrum that was measured with a Thomson spectrometer in combination with a microchannel plate detector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Bin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P A Seidl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Raftrey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Persaud
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gonsalves
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Schenkel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
I-BEAT: Ultrasonic method for online measurement of the energy distribution of a single ion bunch. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6714. [PMID: 31040311 PMCID: PMC6491586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of a wave carries all information about the spatial and temporal structure of its source, given that the medium and its properties are known. Most modern imaging methods seek to utilize this nature of waves originating from Huygens' principle. We discuss the retrieval of the complete kinetic energy distribution from the acoustic trace that is recorded when a short ion bunch deposits its energy in water. This novel method, which we refer to as Ion-Bunch Energy Acoustic Tracing (I-BEAT), is a refinement of the ionoacoustic approach. With its capability of completely monitoring a single, focused proton bunch with prompt readout and high repetition rate, I-BEAT is a promising approach to meet future requirements of experiments and applications in the field of laser-based ion acceleration. We demonstrate its functionality at two laser-driven ion sources for quantitative online determination of the kinetic energy distribution in the focus of single proton bunches.
Collapse
|
22
|
Obst-Huebl L, Ziegler T, Brack FE, Branco J, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Garten M, Gauthier M, Göde S, Glenzer SH, Huebl A, Irman A, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Metzkes-Ng J, Pausch R, Prencipe I, Rehwald M, Roedel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Zeil K. All-optical structuring of laser-driven proton beam profiles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5292. [PMID: 30546015 PMCID: PMC6294339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme field gradients intrinsic to relativistic laser-interactions with thin solid targets enable compact MeV proton accelerators with unique bunch characteristics. Yet, direct control of the proton beam profile is usually not possible. Here we present a readily applicable all-optical approach to imprint detailed spatial information from the driving laser pulse onto the proton bunch. In a series of experiments, counter-intuitively, the spatial profile of the energetic proton bunch was found to exhibit identical structures as the fraction of the laser pulse passing around a target of limited size. Such information transfer between the laser pulse and the naturally delayed proton bunch is attributed to the formation of quasi-static electric fields in the beam path by ionization of residual gas. Essentially acting as a programmable memory, these fields provide access to a higher level of proton beam manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes-Ng
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irene Prencipe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Design and optimization of a compact laser-driven proton beamline. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6299. [PMID: 29674639 PMCID: PMC5908965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-accelerated protons, generated by irradiating a solid target with a short, energetic laser pulse at high intensity (I > 1018 W·cm-2), represent a complementary if not outperforming source compared to conventional accelerators, due to their intrinsic features, such as high beam charge and short bunch duration. However, the broadband energy spectrum of these proton sources is a bottleneck that precludes their use in applications requiring a more reduced energy spread. Consequently, in recent times strong effort has been put to overcome these limits and to develop laser-driven proton beamlines with low energy spread. In this paper, we report on beam dynamics simulations aiming at optimizing a laser-driven beamline - i.e. a laser-based proton source coupled to conventional magnetic beam manipulation devices - producing protons with a reduced energy spread, usable for applications. The energy range of investigation goes from 2 to 20 MeV, i.e. the typical proton energies that can be routinely obtained using commercial TW-power class laser systems. Our beamline design is capable of reducing the energy spread below 20%, still keeping the overall transmission efficiency around 1% and producing a proton spot-size in the range of 10 mm2. We briefly discuss the results in the context of applications in the domain of Cultural Heritage.
Collapse
|