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Weiser A, Lanz A, Hunter ED, Simon MC, Widmann E, Murtagh DJ. A compact low energy proton source. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:103301. [PMID: 37782215 DOI: 10.1063/5.0162339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A low energy proton source for non-neutral plasma experiments was developed. Electrons from a hot filament ionize H2 gas inside a geometrically compensated Penning trap to produce protons via dissociative ionization. A rotating wall electric field destabilizes the unwanted H2+ and H3+ generated in the process while concentrating protons at the center of the trap. The source produces bunches of protons with relatively low ion contamination (5.5% H2+ and 15.5% H3+), with energy tunable from 35 to 300 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weiser
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Lanz
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E D Hunter
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - M C Simon
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - E Widmann
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - D J Murtagh
- Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Wien, Austria
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Weber KS, Simon MC, Straßburger K, Markgraf DF, Buyken AE, Szendroedi J, Müssig K, Roden M. Moderate Fruktosezufuhr aus zuckergesüßten Getränken ist invers mit der Insulinsensitivität assoziiert. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KS Weber
- Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - MC Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Straßburger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - DF Markgraf
- Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - AE Buyken
- Institut für Ernährung, Konsum und Gesundheit, Department Sport und Gesundheit, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - J Szendroedi
- Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Müssig
- Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roden
- Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Karusheva Y, van Gemert T, Simon MC, Markgraf D, Strassburger K, Schmoll D, Burkart V, Müssig K, Szendrödi J, Roden M. Effekte der diätetischen Reduktion von verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren auf Insulinsekretion und -sensitivität bei Typ-2-Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Karusheva
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T van Gemert
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - MC Simon
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Markgraf
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Strassburger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Schmoll
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V Burkart
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Müssig
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Szendrödi
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roden
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Malbrunot C, Amsler C, Arguedas Cuendis S, Breuker H, Dupre P, Fleck M, Higaki H, Kanai Y, Kolbinger B, Kuroda N, Leali M, Mäckel V, Mascagna V, Massiczek O, Matsuda Y, Nagata Y, Simon MC, Spitzer H, Tajima M, Ulmer S, Venturelli L, Widmann E, Wiesinger M, Yamazaki Y, Zmeskal J. The ASACUSA antihydrogen and hydrogen program: results and prospects. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0273. [PMID: 29459412 PMCID: PMC5829175 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the ASACUSA-CUSP collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN is to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using an atomic spectroscopy beamline. A milestone was achieved in 2012 through the detection of 80 antihydrogen atoms 2.7 m away from their production region. This was the first observation of 'cold' antihydrogen in a magnetic field free region. In parallel to the progress on the antihydrogen production, the spectroscopy beamline was tested with a source of hydrogen. This led to a measurement at a relative precision of 2.7×10-9 which constitutes the most precise measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting in a beam. Further measurements with an upgraded hydrogen apparatus are motivated by CPT and Lorentz violation tests in the framework of the Standard Model Extension. Unlike for hydrogen, the antihydrogen experiment is complicated by the difficulty of synthesizing enough cold antiatoms in the ground state. The first antihydrogen quantum states scan at the entrance of the spectroscopy apparatus was realized in 2016 and is presented here. The prospects for a ppm measurement are also discussed.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Antiproton physics in the ELENA era'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malbrunot
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Genève 23, 1211, Switzerland
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - C Amsler
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - S Arguedas Cuendis
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - H Breuker
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Dupre
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Fleck
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - H Higaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Y Kanai
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B Kolbinger
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - N Kuroda
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - M Leali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, Brescia 25133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - V Mäckel
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - V Mascagna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, Brescia 25133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - O Massiczek
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Y Matsuda
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Y Nagata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - M C Simon
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - H Spitzer
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - M Tajima
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - L Venturelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, Brescia 25133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - E Widmann
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - M Wiesinger
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Y Yamazaki
- Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Zmeskal
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Diermaier M, Jepsen CB, Kolbinger B, Malbrunot C, Massiczek O, Sauerzopf C, Simon MC, Zmeskal J, Widmann E. In-beam measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting and prospects for antihydrogen spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15749. [PMID: 28604657 PMCID: PMC5472788 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antihydrogen, the lightest atom consisting purely of antimatter, is an ideal laboratory to study the CPT symmetry by comparison with hydrogen. With respect to absolute precision, transitions within the ground-state hyperfine structure (GS-HFS) are most appealing by virtue of their small energy separation. ASACUSA proposed employing a beam of cold antihydrogen atoms in a Rabi-type experiment, to determine the GS-HFS in a field-free region. Here we present a measurement of the zero-field hydrogen GS-HFS using the spectroscopy apparatus of ASACUSA's antihydrogen experiment. The measured value of νHF=1,420,405,748.4(3.4) (1.6) Hz with a relative precision of 2.7 × 10-9 constitutes the most precise determination of this quantity in a beam and verifies the developed spectroscopy methods for the antihydrogen HFS experiment to the p.p.b. level. Together with the recently presented observation of antihydrogen atoms 2.7 m downstream of the production region, the prerequisites for a measurement with antihydrogen are now available within the ASACUSA collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Diermaier
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - C. B. Jepsen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Genève 23, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - B. Kolbinger
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - C. Malbrunot
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Genève 23, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - O. Massiczek
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - C. Sauerzopf
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - M. C. Simon
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - J. Zmeskal
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - E. Widmann
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, Wien 1090, Austria
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Hudda N, Simon MC, Zamore W, Brugge D, Durant JL. Aviation Emissions Impact Ambient Ultrafine Particle Concentrations in the Greater Boston Area. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:8514-21. [PMID: 27490267 PMCID: PMC5650728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles are emitted at high rates by jet aircraft. To determine the possible impacts of aviation activities on ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations (PNCs), we analyzed PNCs measured from 3 months to 3.67 years at three sites within 7.3 km of Logan International Airport (Boston, MA). At sites 4.0 and 7.3 km from the airport, average PNCs were 2- and 1.33-fold higher, respectively, when winds were from the direction of the airport compared to other directions, indicating that aviation impacts on PNC extend many kilometers downwind of Logan airport. Furthermore, PNCs were positively correlated with flight activity after taking meteorology, time of day and week, and traffic volume into account. Also, when winds were from the direction of the airport, PNCs increased with increasing wind speed, suggesting that buoyant aircraft exhaust plumes were the likely source. Concentrations of other pollutants [CO, black carbon (BC), NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)] decreased with increasing wind speed when winds were from the direction of the airport, indicating a different dominant source (likely roadway traffic emissions). Except for oxides of nitrogen, other pollutants were not correlated with flight activity. Our findings point to the need for PNC exposure assessment studies to take aircraft emissions into consideration, particularly in populated areas near airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - M. C. Simon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - W. Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, Massachusetts 02145, United States
| | - D. Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - J. L. Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Simon MC, Heindirk J, Strom A, Fingberg W, Weiss J, Bäckhed F, Burkart V, Roden M. Dyslipidämie und Veränderungen der Darmmorphologie und des Darmmikrobioms im Tiermodell des akzelerierten Typ 1 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Majmundar AJ, Lee DSM, Skuli N, Mesquita RC, Kim MN, Yodh AG, Nguyen-McCarty M, Li B, Simon MC. HIF modulation of Wnt signaling regulates skeletal myogenesis in vivo. J Cell Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.177576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Weber KS, Nowotny B, Strassburger K, Simon MC, Pacini G, Szendroedi J, Müssig K, Herder C, Roden M. Assoziationen zwischen subklinischer Inflammation und Änderungen der glykämischen Kontrolle in Patienten mit neu-manifestiertem Typ 1 und Typ 2 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wartha J, Simon MC, Strom A, Fingberg W, Weiss J, Roden M, Burkart V. Beschleunigte Diabetesentwicklung in Toll-like Rezeptor 4-defizienten Non-obese Diabetic Mäusen ist assoziiert mit gestörtem Fettstoffwechsel und veränderter Darmmorphologie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Burkart V, Nowotny B, Zivehe F, Simon MC, Straßburger K, Finner H, Herder C, Szendrödi J, Roden M. Negative Assoziation von Insulinantikörper-Spiegeln und Insulinsensitivität in Autoantikörper-positiven Erwachsenen mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Weber K, Nowotny B, Strassburger K, Simon MC, Pacini G, Szendroedi J, Müssig K, Herder C, Roden M. Association of subclinical inflammation with early changes of glycemic control in patients with recent-onset type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lennarz A, Grossheim A, Leach KG, Alanssari M, Brunner T, Chaudhuri A, Chowdhury U, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Gallant AT, Holl M, Kwiatkowski AA, Lassen J, Macdonald TD, Schultz BE, Seeraji S, Simon MC, Andreoiu C, Dilling J, Frekers D. In-trap spectroscopy of charge-bred radioactive ions. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:082502. [PMID: 25192092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we introduce the concept of in-trap nuclear decay spectroscopy of highly charged radioactive ions and describe its successful application as a novel spectroscopic tool. This is demonstrated by a measurement of the decay properties of radioactive mass A=124 ions (here, ^{124}In and ^{124}Cs) in the electron-beam ion trap of the TITAN facility at TRIUMF. By subjecting the trapped ions to an intense electron beam, the ions are charge bred to high charge states (i.e., equivalent to the removal of N-shell electrons), and an increase of storage times to the level of minutes without significant ion losses is achieved. The present technique opens the venue for precision spectroscopy of low branching ratios and is being developed in the context of measuring electron-capture branching ratios needed for determining the nuclear ground-state properties of the intermediate odd-odd nuclei in double-beta (ββ) decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lennarz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany and TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Grossheim
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K G Leach
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M Alanssari
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Chaudhuri
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - U Chowdhury
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - A T Gallant
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Holl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - J Lassen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T D Macdonald
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B E Schultz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Seeraji
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M C Simon
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Andreoiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D Frekers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Schloot N, Menart B, Rütter R, Nowotny B, Rosenbauer J, Koliaki C, Kahl S, Simon MC, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Leukocyte profiles differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are associated with metabolic phenotypes. Results from the German Diabetes Study (GDS). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Simon MC, Strassburger K, Nowotny B, Zivehe F, Kolb H, Stehle P, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Schloot NC, Roden M. Decreased secretion of GLP-1 and GLP-2 after oral glucose in obese versus lean healthy human subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thompson AAR, Marriott HM, Williams L, Shaw G, Hameed A, Parmar S, Preston JA, Simon MC, Johnson RS, Foster SJ, Dockrell DH, Whyte MK, Walmsley SR. P143 Hypoxia induces hypothermia and sickness behaviour in mice following subcutaneous injection of live Staphylococcus aureus. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Simon MC, Bilan S, Nowotny B, Dickhaus T, Burkart V, Schloot NC. Fatty acids modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion of stimulated human whole blood cultures in diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:383-93. [PMID: 23600826 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids, uric acid and glucose are thought to contribute to subclinical inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus. We tested whether co-incubation of free fatty acids and uric acid or glucose influences the secretion of immune mediators from stimulated human whole blood in vitro. Fresh whole blood samples from 20 healthy subjects, 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 23 patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PAL), linolenic acid (LIN) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone or together with elevated concentrations of uric acid or glucose. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12(p70), IL-18, IFN-γ, of regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were measured by multiplex-bead technology from supernatants. Co-incubation of fatty acids with uric acid resulted in a significant reduction of IL-10, IL-12(p70), IFN-γ and CCL2 (MCP-1) concentrations in supernatants compared to incubation with uric acid alone (P < 0·0001). In contrast, IL-18 was up-regulated upon co-stimulation with fatty acids and uric acid. Similarly, co-incubation of fatty acids with glucose diminished secretion of IL-10, IFN-γ and CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), while IL-8 was up-regulated (P < 0·001). Samples from healthy and diabetic subjects did not differ after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and diabetes type. All three fatty acids similarly influenced whole blood cytokine release in vitro and modulated uric acid or glucose-stimulated cytokine secretion. Although the ω-3-fatty acid EPA showed slightly stronger effects, further studies are required to elaborate the differential effects of PAL, LIN and EPA on disease risk observed previously in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Simon MC, Nowotny B, Strassburger K, Zivehe F, Nowotny P, Hwang JH, Kolb H, Stehle P, Holst JJ, Mac Kenzie C, Henrich B, Schloot N, Roden M. Endocrine and metabolic effects of dietary intake of probiotics in glucose tolerant humans. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thompson AAR, Elks PM, Marriott HM, Higgins KR, Parmar S, Shaw G, Eamsamarng S, McGrath EE, Formenti F, Eeden FJV, Kinnula VL, Pugh CW, Sabroe I, Dockrell DH, Chilvers ER, Robbins PA, Simon MC, Johnson RS, Renshaw SA, Whyte MKB, Walmsley SR. T1 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Regulates Neutrophilic Inflammation in Humans, Mice and Zebrafish. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gallant AT, Bale JC, Brunner T, Chowdhury U, Ettenauer S, Lennarz A, Robertson D, Simon VV, Chaudhuri A, Holt JD, Kwiatkowski AA, Mané E, Menéndez J, Schultz BE, Simon MC, Andreoiu C, Delheij P, Pearson MR, Savajols H, Schwenk A, Dilling J. New precision mass measurements of neutron-rich calcium and potassium isotopes and three-nucleon forces. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:032506. [PMID: 22861844 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.032506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present precision Penning trap mass measurements of neutron-rich calcium and potassium isotopes in the vicinity of neutron number N=32. Using the TITAN system, the mass of 51K was measured for the first time, and the precision of the (51,52)Ca mass values were improved significantly. The new mass values show a dramatic increase of the binding energy compared to those reported in the atomic mass evaluation. In particular, 52Ca is more bound by 1.74 MeV, and the behavior with neutron number deviates substantially from the tabulated values. An increased binding was predicted recently based on calculations that include three-nucleon (3N) forces. We present a comparison to improved calculations, which agree remarkably with the evolution of masses with neutron number, making neutron-rich calcium isotopes an exciting region to probe 3N forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Gallant
- TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.
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Strom A, Menart B, Simon MC, Pham MN, Kolb H, Roden M, Pozzilli P, Leslie RDG, Schloot NC. Zelluläre Interferon-γ und Interleukin-13 Immunantwort bei Typ 1, Typ 2 und Latentem Autoimmune Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Simon MC, Bale JC, Chowdhury U, Eberhardt B, Ettenauer S, Gallant AT, Jang F, Lennarz A, Luichtl M, Ma T, Robertson D, Simon VV, Andreoiu C, Brodeur M, Brunner T, Chaudhuri A, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Delheij P, Frekers D, Grossheim A, Gwinner G, Kwiatkowski AA, Lapierre A, Mané E, Pearson MR, Ringle R, Schultz BE, Dilling J. The on-line charge breeding program at TRIUMF's Ion Trap For Atomic and Nuclear Science for precision mass measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02A912. [PMID: 22380253 DOI: 10.1063/1.3673505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN) constitutes the only high precision mass measurement setup coupled to a rare isotope facility capable of increasing the charge state of short-lived nuclides prior to the actual mass determination in a Penning trap. Recent developments around TITAN's charge breeder, the electron beam ion trap, form the basis for several successful experiments on radioactive isotopes with half-lives as low as 65 ms and in charge states as high as 22+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.
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Ettenauer S, Simon MC, Gallant AT, Brunner T, Chowdhury U, Simon VV, Brodeur M, Chaudhuri A, Mané E, Andreoiu C, Audi G, López-Urrutia JRC, Delheij P, Gwinner G, Lapierre A, Lunney D, Pearson MR, Ringle R, Ullrich J, Dilling J. First use of high charge states for mass measurements of short-lived nuclides in a Penning trap. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:272501. [PMID: 22243307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.272501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Penning trap mass measurements of short-lived nuclides have been performed for the first time with highly charged ions, using the TITAN facility at TRIUMF. Compared to singly charged ions, this provides an improvement in experimental precision that scales with the charge state q. Neutron-deficient Rb isotopes have been charge bred in an electron beam ion trap to q=8-12+ prior to injection into the Penning trap. In combination with the Ramsey excitation scheme, this unique setup creating low energy, highly charged ions at a radioactive beam facility opens the door to unrivaled precision with gains of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The method is particularly suited for short-lived nuclides such as the superallowed β emitter 74Rb (T(1/2)=65 ms). The determination of its atomic mass and an improved Q(EC) value are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Furnari F, Fenton T, Nathanson D, de Alberquerque CP, Kuga D, Wanami A, Dang J, Yang H, Tanaka K, Gao L, Oba-Shinjo S, Uno M, Inda MDM, Bachoo R, James CD, DePinho R, Vandenberg S, Zhou H, Marie S, Mischel P, Cavenee W, Szerlip N, Pedraza A, Huse J, Mikkelsen T, Brennan C, Szerlip N, Castellani RJ, Ivanova S, Gerzanich VV, Simard JM, Ito M, See W, Mukherjee J, Ohba S, Tan IL, Pieper RO, Lukiw WJ, Culicchia F, Pogue A, Bhattacharjee S, Zhao Y, Proescholdt MA, Merrill M, Storr EM, Lohmeier A, Brawanski A, Abraham S, Jensen R, Khatua S, Gopal U, Du J, He F, Golub T, Isaacs JS, Dietrich J, Kalogirou-Valtis Y, Ly I, Scadden D, Proschel C, Mayer-Proschel M, Rempel SA, Schultz CR, Golembieski W, Brodie C, Mathew LK, Skuli N, Mucaj V, Imtiyaz HZ, Venneti S, Lal P, Zhang Z, Davuluri RV, Koch C, Evans S, Simon MC, Ranganathan P, Clark P, Salamat S, Kuo JS, Kalejta RF, Bhattacharjee B, Renzette N, Moser RP, Kowalik TF, McFarland BC, Ma JY, Langford CP, Gillespie GY, Yu H, Zheng Y, Nozell SE, Huszar D, Benveniste EN, Lawrence JE, Cook NJ, Rovin RA, Winn RJ, Godlewski JA, Ogawa D, Bronisz A, Lawler S, Chiocca EA, Lee SX, Wong ET, Swanson KD, Liu KW, Feng H, Bachoo R, Kazlauskas A, Smith EM, Symes K, Hamilton RL, Nagane M, Nishikawa R, Hu B, Cheng SY, Silber J, Jacobsen A, Ozawa T, Harinath G, Brennan CW, Holland EC, Sander C, Huse JT, Sengupta R, Dubuc A, Ward S, Yang L, Northcott P, Kroll K, Taylor M, Wechsler-Reya R, Rubin J, Chu WT, Lee HT, Huang FJ, Aldape K, Yao J, Steeg PS, Lu Z, Xie K, Huang S, Sim H, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Hu B, Viapiano MS, Hu B, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Saldivar J, Sim H, Dolan C, Mora M, Nuovo G, Cole S, Viapiano MS, Stegh AH, Ryu MJ, Liu Y, Du J, Zhong X, Marwaha S, Li H, Wang J, Salamat S, Chang Q, Zhang J, Ng HK, Yang L, Poon WS, Zhou L, Pang JC, Chan A, Didier S, Kwiatkowska A, Ennis M, Fortin S, Rushing E, Eschbacher J, Tran N, Symons M, Roldan G, McIntyre JB, Easaw J, Magliocco A, Wykosky J, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Lu D, Mreich E, Chung S, Teo C, Wheeler H, McDonald KL, Lawn S, Forsyth P, Sonabend AM, Lei L, Kennedy B, Soderquist C, Guarnieri P, Leung R, Yun J, Sisti J, Castelli M, Bruce S, Bruce R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Lamszus K, Schulte A, Gunther HS, Riethdorf S, Phillips HS, Westphal M, Siegal T, Zrihan D, Granit A, Lavon I, Singh M, Chandra J, Ogawa D, Nakashima H, Godlewski J, Chiocca AE, Kapoor GS, Poptani H, Ittyerah R, O'Rourke DM, Sadraei NH, Burgett M, Ahluwalia M, Tipps R, Khosla D, Weil R, Nowacki A, Prayson R, Shi T, Gladson C, Moeckel S, Meyer K, Bosserhoff A, Spang R, Leukel P, Vollmann A, Jachnick B, Stangl C, Proescholdt M, Bogdahn U, Hau P, Kaur G, Sun M, Kaur R, Bloch O, Jian B, Parsa AT, Hossain A, Shinojima N, Gumin J, Feng G, Lang FF, Li L, Yang CR, Chakraborty S, Hatanpaa K, Chauncey S, Jiwani A, Habib A, Nguyen T, Nakashima H, Chiocca EA, Munson J, Machaidze R, Kaluzova M, Bellamkonda R, Hadjipanayis CG, Zhang Y, McFarland B, Bredel M, Benveniste EN, Lee SH, Zerrouqi A, Khwaja F, Devi NS, Van Meir EG, Haseley A, Boone S, Wojton J, Yu L, Kaur B, Wojton JA, Naduparambil J, Denton N, Chakravarti A, Kaur B, Conrad CA, Wang X, Sheng X, Nilsson C, Marshall AG, Emmett MR, Hu Y, Mark L, Zhou YHZ, Dhruv H, McDonough W, Tran N, Armstrong B, Tuncali S, Eschbacher J, Kislin K, Berens M, Plas D, Gallo C, Stringer K, Kendler A, McPherson C, Castelli MA, Ellis JA, Assanah M, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Ogden A, Liang J, Piao Y, deGroot JF, Gordon N, Patel D, Chakravarti A, Palanichamy K, Hervey-Jumper S, Wang A, He X, Zhu T, Heth J, Muraszko K, Fan X, Nakashima H, Nguyen T, Chiocca EA, Liu WM, Huang P, Rani S, Stettner MR, Jerry S, Dai Q, Kappes J, Tipps R, Gladson CL, Chakravarty D, Pedraza A, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK, Brennan CW, Jensen SA, Luciano J, Calvert A, Nagpal V, Stegh A, Kang SH, Yu MO, Lee MG, Chi SG, Chung YG, Cooper MK, Valadez JG, Grover VK, Kouri FM, Chin L, Stegh AH, Ahluwalia MS, Khosla D, Weil RJ, McGraw M, Huang P, Prayson R, Nowacki A, Barnett GH, Gladson C, Kang C, Zou J, Lan F, Yue X, Shi Z, Zhang K, Han L, Pu P, Seaman BF, Tran ND, McDonough W, Dhruv H, Kislin K, Berens M, Battiste JD, Sirasanagandla S, Maher EA, Bachoo R, Sugiarto S, Persson A, Munoz EG, Waldhuber M, Vandenberg S, Stallcup W, Philips J, Berger MS, Bergers G, Weiss WA, Petritsch C. CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:iii10-iii25. [PMCID: PMC3199169 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
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Simon MC, Bilan S, Nowotny B, Schloot NC. Immunmodulatorischer Effekt von Fettsäuren auf die Zytokin-/Chemokinsekretion in vitro von Patienten mit Typ 1 und Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Simon MC, López-Urrutia JRC, Beilmann C, Schwarz M, Harman Z, Epp SW, Schmitt BL, Baumann TM, Behar E, Bernitt S, Follath R, Ginzel R, Keitel CH, Klawitter R, Kubiček K, Mäckel V, Mokler PH, Reichardt G, Schwarzkopf O, Ullrich J. Resonant and near-threshold photoionization cross sections of Fe14+. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:183001. [PMID: 21231102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoionization (PI) of Fe14+ in the range from 450 to 1100 eV was measured at the BESSY II storage ring using an electron beam ion trap achieving high target-ion area densities of 10(10) cm(-2). Photoabsorption by this ion is observed in astrophysical spectra and plasmas, but until now cross sections and resonance energies could only be provided by calculations. We reach a resolving power E/ΔE of at least 6500, outstanding in the present energy range, which enables benchmarking and improving the most advanced theories for PI of ions in high charge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sarathi M, Simon MC, Venkatesan C, Thomas J, Ravi M, Madan N, Thiyagarajan S, Sahul Hameed AS. Efficacy of bacterially expressed dsRNA specific to different structural genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in protection of shrimp from WSSV infection. J Fish Dis 2010; 33:603-607. [PMID: 20367736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sarathi
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Simon MC, Rose B, Stehle P, Kolb H, Schloot N. Beeinflussung des arteriellen Gefäßtonus bei Personen mit erhöhtem Diabetes-Risiko durch Verzehr von Catechinen und Aminosäuren. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hartman TR, Nicolas E, Klein-Szanto A, Al-Saleem T, Cash TP, Simon MC, Henske EP. The role of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé protein in mTOR activation and renal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2009; 28:1594-604. [PMID: 19234517 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a tumor-suppressor gene disorder characterized by skin tumors, cystic lung disease and renal cell carcinoma. Very little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of BHD. Clinical similarities between BHD and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) suggest that the BHD and TSC proteins may function within a common pathway. The TSC proteins inhibit the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), and in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Bhd and Tsc1/Tsc2 have opposing roles in the regulation of amino-acid homeostasis. We report here that in mammalian cells, downregulation of BHD reduces the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, an indicator of TORC1 activity. To determine whether folliculin, the product of the BHD gene, regulates mammalian target of rapamycin activity in vivo, we generated a mouse with targeted inactivation of the Bhd gene. The mice developed spontaneous oncocytic cysts and tumors composed of cells that resemble the renal cell carcinomas in BHD patients. The cysts and tumors had low levels of phospho-S6. Taken together, these data indicate that folliculin regulates the activity of TORC1, and suggest a new paradigm in which both inappropriately high and inappropriately low levels of TORC1 activity can be associated with renal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hartman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lapierre A, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Baumann TM, Epp SW, Gonchar A, González Martínez AJ, Liang G, Rohr A, Soria Orts R, Simon MC, Tawara H, Versteegen R, Ullrich J. Compact soft x-ray spectrometer for plasma diagnostics at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:123105. [PMID: 18163718 DOI: 10.1063/1.2818808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A compact flat-field soft x-ray grazing-incidence grating spectrometer equipped with a cryogenically cooled back-illuminated charge-coupled device camera was built and implemented at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap. The instrument spans the spectral region from 1 to 37 nm using two different gratings. In slitless operation mode, it directly images a radiation source, in this case ions confined in an electron beam ion trap, with high efficiency and reaching hereby a resolving power of lambda/Deltalambda approximately =130 at 2 nm and of lambda/Deltalambda approximately =600 at 28 nm. Capable of automatized operation, its low noise and excellent stability make it an ideal instrument not only for spectroscopic diagnostics requiring wide spectral coverage but also for precision wavelength measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapierre
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Schroder R, Goudeau B, Simon MC, Fischer D, Eggermann T, Clemen CS, Li Z, Reimann J, Xue Z, Rudnik-Schoneborn S, Zerres K, van der Ven PFM, Furst DO, Kunz WS, Vicart P. On noxious desmin: functional effects of a novel heterozygous desmin insertion mutation on the extrasarcomeric desmin cytoskeleton and mitochondria. Hum Mol Genet 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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Rathmell WK, Chmielecki C, Van Dyke T, Simon MC. Models of Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor disease specific activity. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. K. Rathmell
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C. Chmielecki
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T. Van Dyke
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. C. Simon
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Simon MC, Ramirez-Bergeron D, Mack F, Hu CJ, Pan Y, Mansfield K. Hypoxia, HIFs, and cardiovascular development. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2003; 67:127-32. [PMID: 12858533 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2002.67.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Adelman
- Abramson Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Decreased oxygen (O2) levels activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) to induce genes involved in glycolysis, glucose transport, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis. Mutations in various HIF-1 subunits have contributed to our understanding of the role hypoxia plays during early embryonic development in general and the cardiovascular system in particular. We propose that HIF-1 is important for the generation, proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation of the early cardiovascular system. Understanding aberrations in these hypoxic responses is important since they contribute to serious human disease such as ischemia and tumorigenesis. In this review we will focus on the critical role of O2 in regulating cardiovascular events during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ramírez-Bergeron
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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38
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Danet GH, Lee HW, Luongo JL, Simon MC, Bonnet DA. Dissociation between stem cell phenotype and NOD/SCID repopulating activity in human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells after ex vivo expansion. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:1465-73. [PMID: 11750106 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between phenotype and function in ex vivo-cultured human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of a short-term serum-free culture on the relationship between stem cell phenotype, cell division history, and function in human CD34(+) cells. METHODS G-CSF-mobilized peripheral CD34(+) cells were cultured for 4 days with stem cell factor, flt-3 ligand, and thrombopoietin. The phenotype (CD34, CD38, HLA-DR, c-kit), cell division history, colony-forming cell (CFC), long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC), and NOD/SCID repopulating activities were evaluated at Day 0 and 4. RESULTS We observed a loss of CD38, HLA-DR, and c-kit surface expression resulting in a drastic increase in CD34(+)CD38(-), CD34(+)HLA-DR(-), and CD34(+)c-kit(-/low) cells at Day 4. In contrast, the frequency of Thy-1(+) cells was maintained. We observed a 1.3-fold expansion of CFC, a 4.8-fold increase in LTC-IC, and an overall maintenance of the NOD/SCID repopulating cell activity. CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)HLA-DR(-) cells detected at Day 4 displayed the most active pattern of division (4 to 5 divisions) whereas 60% of CD34(+)Thy-1(+) cells divided 0 to 2 times during the same period. At Day 4, the NOD/SCID repopulating activity was associated with Thy-1(+) cells with no more than 2 divisions. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the relationship between stem cell phenotype and function is dramatically altered in cultured CD34(+) cells. Thy-1 expression and cell division history appear to be superior to CD38, HLA-DR, and c-kit, or to homing molecules (CXCR4, VLA-4) as predictors of the repopulating activity of cultured peripheral CD34(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Danet
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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39
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Abstract
PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) mice exhibit reduced numbers of immature and mature B lymphocytes, which exhibit severe defects in response to BCR-mediated stimulation and poor survival. We found that expression of c-rel, a member of the Rel/NF-kappa B family, is dramatically reduced in PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) splenic B cells. Analysis of the murine c-rel promoter identified three PU.1/Spi-B binding sites critical for c-rel promoter activity. Furthermore, reintroduction of Rel protein restored wild-type B cell numbers to mice reconstituted with PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) bone marrow. These findings are the first to demonstrate that a member of the Rel/NF-kappa B family is directly regulated by Ets proteins and dissect the molecular basis for the function of two Ets factors, PU.1 and Spi-B, in promoting B lymphocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Keith B, Adelman DM, Simon MC. Targeted mutation of the murine arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (Arnt2) gene reveals partial redundancy with Arnt. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:6692-7. [PMID: 11381139 PMCID: PMC34414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.121494298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS protein ARNT (arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear transporter) forms transcriptionally active heterodimers with a variety of other bHLH-PAS proteins, including HIF-1alpha (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) and AHR (arylhydrocarbon receptor). These complexes regulate gene expression in response to hypoxia and xenobiotics, respectively, and mutation of the murine Arnt locus results in embryonic death by day 10.5 associated with placental, vascular, and hematopoietic defects. The closely related protein ARNT2 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and kidney and also forms complexes with HIF-1alpha and AHR. To assess unique roles for ARNT2 in development, and reveal potential functional overlap with ARNT, we generated a targeted null mutation of the murine Arnt2 locus. Arnt2(-/-) embryos die perinatally and exhibit impaired hypothalamic development, phenotypes previously observed for a targeted mutation in the murine bHLH-PAS gene Sim1 (Single-minded 1), and consistent with the recent proposal that ARNT2 and SIM1 form an essential heterodimer in vivo [Michaud, J. L., DeRossi, C., May, N. R., Holdener, B. C. & Fan, C. (2000) Mech. Dev. 90, 253-261]. In addition, cultured Arnt2(-/-) neurons display decreased hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes, demonstrating formally that ARNT2/HIF-1alpha complexes regulate oxygen-responsive genes. Finally, a strong genetic interaction between Arnt and Arnt2 mutations was observed, indicating that either gene can fulfill essential functions in a dose-dependent manner before embryonic day 8.5. These results demonstrate that Arnt and Arnt2 have both unique and overlapping essential functions in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Keith
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Abstract
Previously it was shown that the Ets proteins, PU.1 and Spi-B, exhibit functional redundancy in B lymphocytes. To investigate the possibility that PU.1 or Spi-B or both share overlapping roles with Ets-1 or Elf-1, PU.1(+/-)Ets-1(-/-), PU.1(+/-)Elf-1(-/-), and Spi-B(-/-)Ets-1(-/-) animals were generated. No blood cell defects were observed in these animals except those previously reported for Ets-1(-/-) mice. Therefore, no genetic overlap was detected between PU.1 or Spi-B with Ets-1 or Elf-1. In contrast, the results confirmed functional redundancy for PU.1 and Spi-B in that PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) bone marrow progenitors yielded smaller colonies in methylcellulose cultures than did wild-type, PU.1(+/-) or Spi-B(-/-) progenitors. In addition, PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(+/+), PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(+/-), and PU.1(+/-) Spi-B(-/-) mice displayed extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis. In summary, PU.1 and Spi-B regulate common target genes required for proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors or their committed descendants, whereas Ets-1 or Elf-1 do not appear to regulate shared target genes with PU.1 or Spi-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
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42
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Adelman DM, Gertsenstein M, Nagy A, Simon MC, Maltepe E. Placental cell fates are regulated in vivo by HIF-mediated hypoxia responses. Genes Dev 2000; 14:3191-203. [PMID: 11124810 PMCID: PMC317149 DOI: 10.1101/gad.853700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2000] [Accepted: 11/03/2000] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Placental development is profoundly influenced by oxygen (O(2)) tension. Human cytotrophoblasts proliferate in vitro under low O(2) conditions but differentiate at higher O(2) levels, mimicking the developmental transition they undergo as they invade the placental bed to establish the maternal-fetal circulation in vivo. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), consisting of HIF-1alpha and ARNT subunits, activates many genes involved in the cellular and organismal response to O(2) deprivation. Analysis of Arnt(-/-) placentas reveals an aberrant cellular architecture due to altered cell fate determination of Arnt(-/-) trophoblasts. Specifically, Arnt(-/-) placentas show greatly reduced labyrinthine and spongiotrophoblast layers, and increased numbers of giant cells. We further show that hypoxia promotes the in vitro differentiation of trophoblast stem cells into spongiotrophoblasts as opposed to giant cells. Our results clearly establish that O(2) levels regulate cell fate determination in vivo and that HIF is essential for mammalian placentation. The unique placental phenotype of Arnt(-/-) animals also provides an important tool for studying the disease of preeclampsia. Interestingly, aggregation of Arnt(-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells with tetraploid wild-type embryos rescues their placental defects; however, these embryos still die from yolk sac vascular and cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Adelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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43
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Heydemann A, Warming S, Clendenin C, Sigrist K, Hjorth JP, Simon MC. A minimal c-fes cassette directs myeloid-specific expression in transgenic mice. Blood 2000; 96:3040-8. [PMID: 11049982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-fes proto-oncogene encodes a 92-kd protein tyrosine kinase whose expression is restricted largely to myeloid and endothelial cells in adult mammals. A 13.2-kilobase (kb) human c-fes genomic fragment was previously shown to contain cis-acting element(s) sufficient for a locus control function in bone marrow macrophages. Locus control regions (LCRs) confer transgene expression in mice that is integration site independent, copy number dependent, and similar to endogenous murine messenger RNA levels. To identify sequences required for this LCR, c-fes transgenes were analyzed in mice. Myeloid-cell-specific, deoxyribonuclease-I-hypersensitive sites localized to the 3' boundary of exon 1 and intron 3 are required to confer high-level transgene expression comparable to endogenous c-fes, independent of integration site. We define a minimal LCR element as DNA sequences (nucleotides +28 to +2523 relative to the transcription start site) located within intron 1 to intron 3 of the human locus. When this 2.5-kb DNA fragment was linked to a c-fes complementary DNA regulated by its own 446-base-pair promoter, integration-site-independent, copy-number-dependent transcription was observed in myeloid cells in transgenic mice. Furthermore, this 2.5-kb cassette directed expression of a heterologous gene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) exclusively in myeloid cells. The c-fes regulatory unit represents a novel reagent for targeting gene expression to macrophages and neutrophils in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heydemann
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Adelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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45
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Abstract
The c-fes protooncogene encodes a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (Fes) implicated in cytokine receptor signal transduction, neutrophil survival, and myeloid differentiation. To determine the role of Fes in embryonic development and hematopoiesis, we engineered a null mutation of the murine c-fes locus. c-fes-/- mice are viable but not born in the expected Mendelian ratios. Live born c-fes-/- mice exhibit lymphoid/myeloid homeostasis defects, compromised innate immunity, and increased Stat activation in response to GM-CSF and IL-6 signaling. Therefore, increased cytokine responsiveness in the absence of Fes leads to abnormal myeloid proliferation and functional defects in the macrophage lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hackenmiller
- Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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46
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Abstract
The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) activates the transcription of many genes required for cellular and organismal responses to oxygen deprivation. The HIF-1 complex is composed of the ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix/PAS (bHLH/PAS) proteins HIF-1alpha and Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT). ARNT2 is a conserved ARNT homolog that is highly expressed in neurons, suggesting that ARNT2/HIF-1alpha heterodimers mediate transcriptional responses to oxygen deprivation in the nervous system. We show here that ARNT2 forms functional HIF complexes in vivo, and that ARNT2 restores hypoxia-induced gene expression to ARNT-deficient ES cells and hepatocytes. Formation of neural ARNT2/HIF-1alpha complexes in Arnt(-/-) ES cell-derived teratocarcinomas may explain why these tumors express VEGF, vascularize and grow efficiently, in contrast to ARNT-deficient hepatomas. Interestingly, all neural cell types studied accumulate both ARNT- and ARNT2-containing HIF complexes. We conclude that ARNT2 forms functional HIF complexes in neurons and plays an integral role in hypoxic responses in the CNS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dimerization
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- PC12 Cells
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Teratocarcinoma/genetics
- Teratocarcinoma/metabolism
- Teratocarcinoma/pathology
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maltepe
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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47
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Rao S, Garrett-Sinha LA, Yoon J, Simon MC. The Ets factors PU.1 and Spi-B regulate the transcription in vivo of P2Y10, a lymphoid restricted heptahelical receptor. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34245-52. [PMID: 10567398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the in vivo functions of PU.1 and Spi-B, two highly related Ets transcription factors, we previously generated PU. 1(+/+)Spi-B(-/-) and PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) mice and demonstrated a significant decrease in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in mutants. Major components of BCR signaling appear to be expressed at normal levels in these mice, implying that PU.1 and Spi-B cooperate in the transcription of additional target genes important for antigen receptor signaling. We used subtractive hybridization to identify novel in vivo PU.1/Spi-B target genes and determined that the expression of a heptahelical receptor, P2Y10, is dramatically reduced in PU.1(+/-)Spi-B(-/-) B-cells. Further analysis shows that P2Y10 expression is restricted to lymphoid cells and parallels that of Spi-B in B-lymphocytes. Lastly, the P2Y10 promoter contains a PU. 1/Spi-B binding site functionally required for efficient transcription in B-cells. Thus, P2Y10 is likely to be a direct in vivo transcriptional target for PU.1 and Spi-B and provides a unique model to explore transcriptional regulation by this Ets factor subfamily. Furthermore, P2Y10 suggests an intriguing connection between heterotrimeric G-proteins and BCR signaling.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Lineage
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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48
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Abstract
Although most cells undergo growth arrest during hypoxia, endothelial cells and placental cytotrophoblasts proliferate in response to low O(2). We demonstrate that proliferation of embryonic multilineage hematopoietic progenitors is also regulated by a hypoxia-mediated signaling pathway. This pathway requires HIF-1 (HIF-1alpha/ARNT heterodimers) because Arnt(-/-) embryoid bodies fail to exhibit hypoxia-mediated progenitor proliferation. Furthermore, Arnt(-/-) embryos exhibit decreased numbers of yolk sac hematopoietic progenitors. This defect is cell extrinsic, is accompanied by a decrease in ARNT-dependent VEGF expression, and is rescued by exogenous VEGF. Therefore, "physiologic hypoxia" encountered by embryos is essential for the proliferation or survival of hematopoietic precursors during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Adelman
- Department of Pathology, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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49
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Rao S, Matsumura A, Yoon J, Simon MC. SPI-B activates transcription via a unique proline, serine, and threonine domain and exhibits DNA binding affinity differences from PU.1. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:11115-24. [PMID: 10196196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SPI-B is a B lymphocyte-specific Ets transcription factor that shares a high degree of similarity with PU.1/SPI-1. In direct contrast to PU.1(-/-) mice that die in utero and lack monocytes, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells, Spi-B-/- mice are viable and exhibit a severe B cell proliferation defect. Since PU.1 is expressed at wild type levels in Spi-B-/- B cells, the mutant mice provide genetic evidence that SPI-B and PU.1 have at least some non-redundant roles in B lymphocytes. To begin to understand the molecular basis for these defects, we delineated functional domains of SPI-B for comparison to those of PU.1. By using a heterologous co-transfection system, we identified two independent transactivation domains in the N terminus of SPI-B. Interestingly, only one of these domains (amino acids 31-61), a proline/serine/threonine-rich region, unique among Ets proteins, is necessary for transactivation of the immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer. This transactivation motif is in marked contrast to PU.1, which contains acidic and glutamine-rich domains. In addition, we describe a functional PU.1 site within the c-FES promoter which SPI-B fails to bind efficiently and transactivate. Finally, we show that SPI-B interacts with the PU.1 cofactors Pip, TBP, c-Jun and with lower affinity to nuclear factor interleukin-6beta and retinoblastoma. Taken together, these data suggest that SPI-B binds DNA with a different affinity for certain sites than PU.1 and harbors different transactivation domains. We conclude that SPI-B may activate unique target genes in B lymphocytes and interact with unique, although currently unidentified, cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rao
- Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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50
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Abstract
PU.1 and Spi-B have previously been implicated in the regulation of genes encoding B cell receptor (BCR) signaling components. Spi-B-/- B lymphocytes respond poorly to BCR stimulation; PU.1-/- mice, however, lack B cells, precluding an analysis of BCR responses. We now show that PU.1+/- Spi-B-/- B cells exhibit more extensive defects than Spi-B-/- B cells, indicating that both PU.1 and Spi-B are required for normal BCR signaling. Strikingly, BCR cross-linking results in substantially reduced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in mutant B cells. Further analysis shows that Igalpha is phosphorylated and syk is recruited and becomes phosphorylated but that BLNK and PLCgamma phosphorylation are defective in mutant cells. Our data support the existence of a novel component coupling syk to downstream targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Calcium Signaling/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garrett-Sinha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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