1
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Frankel NW, Deng H, Yucel G, Gainer M, Leemans N, Lam A, Li Y, Hung M, Lee D, Lee CT, Banicki A, Tian M, Almudhfar N, Naitmazi L, Roguev A, Lee S, Wong W, Gordley R, Lu TK, Garrison BS. Precision off-the-shelf natural killer cell therapies for oncology with logic-gated gene circuits. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114145. [PMID: 38669141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 30.5% in the United States). Designing cell therapies to target AML is challenging because no single tumor-associated antigen (TAA) is highly expressed on all cancer subpopulations. Furthermore, TAAs are also expressed on healthy cells, leading to toxicity risk. To address these targeting challenges, we engineer natural killer (NK) cells with a multi-input gene circuit consisting of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) controlled by OR and NOT logic gates. The OR gate kills a range of AML cells from leukemic stem cells to blasts using a bivalent CAR targeting FLT3 and/or CD33. The NOT gate protects healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using an inhibitory CAR targeting endomucin, a protective antigen unique to healthy HSCs. NK cells with the combined OR-NOT gene circuit kill multiple AML subtypes and protect primary HSCs, and the circuit also works in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Animals
- Mice
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han Deng
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gozde Yucel
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marcus Gainer
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nelia Leemans
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alice Lam
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yongshuai Li
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Hung
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Lee
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrew Banicki
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mengxi Tian
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Assen Roguev
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Timothy K Lu
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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2
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Al-Amoodi AS, Kai J, Li Y, Malki JS, Alghamdi A, Al-Ghuneim A, Saera-Vila A, Habuchi S, Merzaban JS. α1,3-fucosylation treatment improves cord blood CD34 negative hematopoietic stem cell navigation. iScience 2024; 27:108882. [PMID: 38322982 PMCID: PMC10845921 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
For almost two decades, clinicians have overlooked the diagnostic potential of CD34neg hematopoietic stem cells because of their limited homing capacity relative to CD34posHSCs when injected intravenously. This has contributed to the lack of appeal of using umbilical cord blood in HSC transplantation because its stem cell count is lower than bone marrow. The present study reveals that the homing and engraftment of CD34negHSCs can be improved by adding the Sialyl Lewis X molecule via α1,3-fucosylation. This unlocks the potential for using this more primitive stem cell to treat blood disorders because our findings show CD34negHSCs have the capacity to regenerate cells in the bone marrow of mice for several months. Furthermore, our RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CD34negHSCs have unique adhesion pathways, downregulated in CD34posHSCs, that facilitate interaction with the bone marrow niche. Our findings suggest that CD34neg cells will best thrive when the HSC resides in its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Kai
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana S. Malki
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Al-Ghuneim
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Huang RL, Li Q, Ma JX, Atala A, Zhang Y. Body fluid-derived stem cells - an untapped stem cell source in genitourinary regeneration. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:739-761. [PMID: 37414959 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells have been obtained from solid organs and tissues, including the bone marrow, placenta, corneal stroma, periosteum, adipose tissue, dental pulp and skeletal muscle. These solid tissue-derived stem cells are often used for tissue repair, disease modelling and new drug development. In the past two decades, stem cells have also been identified in various body fluids, including urine, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, breastmilk and menstrual blood. These body fluid-derived stem cells (BFSCs) have stemness properties comparable to those of other adult stem cells and, similarly to tissue-derived stem cells, show cell surface markers, multi-differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects. However, BFSCs are more easily accessible through non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches than solid tissue-derived stem cells and can be isolated without enzymatic tissue digestion. Additionally, BFSCs have shown good versatility in repairing genitourinary abnormalities in preclinical models through direct differentiation or paracrine mechanisms such as pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, optimization of protocols is needed to improve the efficacy and safety of BFSC therapy before therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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4
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Thanasegaran S, Daimon E, Shibukawa Y, Yamazaki N, Okamoto N. Modelling Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome using disease-specific iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2023; 73:103221. [PMID: 37918315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Takenouchi-Kosaki Syndrome (TKS) is a congenital multi-organ disorder caused by the de novo missense mutation c.191A > G p. Tyr64Cys (Y64C) in the CDC42 gene. We previously elucidated the functional abnormalities and thrombopoietic effects of Y64C using HEK293 and MEG01 cells. In the present study, we used iPSCs derived from TKS patients to model the disease and successfully recapitulated macrothrombocytopenia, a prominent TKS phenotype. The megakaryopoietic differentiation potential of TKS-iPSCs and platelet production capacity were examined using an efficient platelet production method redesigned from existing protocols. The results obtained showed that TKS-iPSCs produced fewer hematopoietic progenitor cells, exhibited defective megakaryopoiesis, and released platelets with an abnormally low count and giant morphology. We herein report the first analysis of TKS-iPSC-derived megakaryocytes and platelets, and currently utilize this model to perform drug evaluations for TKS. Therefore, our simple yet effective differentiation method, which mimics the disease in a dish, is a feasible strategy for studying hematopoiesis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Thanasegaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Etsuko Daimon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yukinao Shibukawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
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5
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Fukuhara T, Ueda Y, Lee SI, Odaka T, Nakajima S, Fujisawa JI, Okuma K, Naganuma M, Okazaki K, Kondo N, Kamioka Y, Matsumoto M, Kinashi T. Thymocyte Development of Humanized Mice Is Promoted by Interactions with Human-Derived Antigen Presenting Cells upon Immunization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11705. [PMID: 37511462 PMCID: PMC10380196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses in humanized mice are generally inefficient without co-transplantation of human thymus or HLA transgenes. Previously, we generated humanized mice via the intra-bone marrow injection of CD133+ cord blood cells into irradiated adult immunodeficient mice (IBMI-huNSG mice), which could mount functional immune responses against HTLV-1, although the underlying mechanisms were still unknown. Here, we investigated thymocyte development in IBMI-huNSG mice, focusing on the roles of human and mouse MHC restriction. IBMI-huNSG mice had normal developmental profiles but aberrant thymic structures. Surprisingly, the thymic medulla-like regions expanded after immunization due to enhanced thymocyte expansion in association with the increase in HLA-DR+ cells, including CD205+ dendritic cells (DCs). The organ culture of thymus from immunized IBMI-huNSG mice with a neutralizing antibody to HLA-DR showed the HLA-DR-dependent expansion of CD4 single positive thymocytes. Mature peripheral T-cells exhibited alloreactive proliferation when co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Live imaging of the thymus from immunized IBMI-huNSG mice revealed dynamic adhesive contacts of human-derived thymocytes and DCs accompanied by Rap1 activation. These findings demonstrate that an increase in HLA-DR+ cells by immunization promotes HLA-restricted thymocyte expansion in humanized mice, offering a unique opportunity to generate humanized mice with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takataro Fukuhara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sung-Il Lee
- Department of Model Animal, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokifumi Odaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakajima
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujisawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Herd CL, Mellet J, Mashingaidze T, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163012. [PMID: 37497228 PMCID: PMC10366613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the bone marrow niche resulting from the direct and indirect effects of HIV infection contributes to haematological abnormalities observed in HIV patients. The bone marrow niche is a complex, multicellular environment which functions primarily in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). These adult stem cells are responsible for replacing blood and immune cells over the course of a lifetime. Cells of the bone marrow niche support HSPCs and help to orchestrate the quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation of HSPCs through chemical and molecular signals and cell-cell interactions. This narrative review discusses the HIV-associated dysregulation of the bone marrow niche, as well as the susceptibility of HSPCs to infection by HIV.
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7
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Schippel N, Sharma S. Dynamics of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation to the erythroid lineage. Exp Hematol 2023; 123:1-17. [PMID: 37172755 PMCID: PMC10330572 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the development of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells, occurs through four phases: erythroid progenitor (EP) development, early erythropoiesis, terminal erythroid differentiation (TED), and maturation. According to the classical model that is based on immunophenotypic profiles of cell populations, each of these phases comprises multiple differentiation states that arise in a hierarchical manner. After segregation of lymphoid potential, erythroid priming begins during progenitor development and progresses through progenitor cell types that have multilineage potential. Complete separation of the erythroid lineage is achieved during early erythropoiesis with the formation of unipotent EPs: burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid. These erythroid-committed progenitors undergo TED and maturation, which involves expulsion of the nucleus and remodeling to form functional biconcave, hemoglobin-filled erythrocytes. In the last decade or so, many studies employing advanced techniques such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as the conventional methods, including colony-forming cell assays and immunophenotyping, have revealed heterogeneity within the stem, progenitor, and erythroblast stages, and uncovered alternate paths for segregation of erythroid lineage potential. In this review, we provide an in-depth account of immunophenotypic profiles of all cell types within erythropoiesis, highlight studies that demonstrate heterogeneous erythroid stages, and describe deviations to the classical model of erythropoiesis. Overall, although scRNA-seq approaches have provided new insights, flow cytometry remains relevant and is the primary method for validation of novel immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
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8
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Zou Y, Kamada N, Seong SY, Seo SU. CD115 - monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are precursors of OLFM4 high polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:272. [PMID: 36922564 PMCID: PMC10017706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) consist of monocytic (M-) MDSCs and polymorphonuclear (PMN-) MDSCs that contribute to an immunosuppressive environment in tumor-bearing hosts. However, research on the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of MDSCs in tumor-bearing hosts and across different disease stage is limited. Here we subdivide M-MDSCs based on CD115 expression and report that CD115- M-MDSCs are functionally distinct from CD115+ M-MDSCs. CD115- M-MDSCs increased in bone marrow and blood as tumors progressed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CD115- M-MDSCs expressed higher levels of neutrophil-related genes. Moreover, isolated CD115- M-MDSCs had higher potential to be differentiated into PMN-MDSCs compared with CD115+ M-MDSCs. Of note, CD115- M-MDSCs were able to differentiate into both olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4)hi and OLFM4lo PMN-MDSCs, whereas CD115+ M-MDSCs differentiated into a smaller proportion of OLFM4lo PMN-MDSCs. In vivo, M-MDSC to PMN-MDSC differentiation occurred most frequently in bone marrow while M-MDSCs preferentially differentiated into tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor mass. Our study reveals the presence of previously unrecognized subtypes of CD115- M-MDSCs in tumor-bearing hosts and demonstrates their cellular plasticity during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang Y. Can circulating CD34 + cell count be used for the prognosis of myelofibrosis? Br J Haematol 2023; 200:e48-e49. [PMID: 36606655 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Crippa S, Conti A, Vavassori V, Ferrari S, Beretta S, Rivis S, Bosotti R, Scala S, Pirroni S, Jofra-Hernandez R, Santi L, Basso-Ricci L, Merelli I, Genovese P, Aiuti A, Naldini L, Di Micco R, Bernardo ME. Mesenchymal stromal cells improve the transplantation outcome of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited human HSPCs. Mol Ther 2023; 31:230-248. [PMID: 35982622 PMCID: PMC9840125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been employed in vitro to support hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion and in vivo to promote HSPC engraftment. Based on these studies, we developed an MSC-based co-culture system to optimize the transplantation outcome of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene-edited (GE) human HSPCs. We show that bone marrow (BM)-MSCs produce several hematopoietic supportive and anti-inflammatory factors capable of alleviating the proliferation arrest and mitigating the apoptotic and inflammatory programs activated in GE-HSPCs, improving their expansion and clonogenic potential in vitro. The use of BM-MSCs resulted in superior human engraftment and increased clonal output of GE-HSPCs contributing to the early phase of hematological reconstitution in the peripheral blood of transplanted mice. In conclusion, our work poses the biological bases for a novel clinical use of BM-MSCs to promote engraftment of GE-HSPCs and improve their transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anastasia Conti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vavassori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivis
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB-KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Bosotti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Raisa Jofra-Hernandez
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Genovese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (")Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (")Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (")Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhou M, Gao J, Yuan Y. The prognostic effect on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of CD34 +CD38 - expressed in leukemia cells. Hematology 2022; 27:706-713. [PMID: 35688455 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2080368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignant disease in children. CD34 and CD38 are expressed in both normal and leukemia cells, but studies of their prognostic associations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of CD34 + CD38- leukemia cells in this childhood cancer. METHODS From January 2014 to January 2019, children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia were included in this study and followed up until July 2020. The participants were divided into CD34+ and CD34- groups according to CD34 expression level at diagnosis, and the CD34+ group was further divided into CD34 + CD38- and CD34 + CD38+ subgroups based on CD38 expression level. We tracked clinical biological features, therapeutic outcomes, and other patient data for comparisons. RESULTS The OS and EFS did not differ significantly between the CD34+ and CD34- groups (both P > 0.05). CD34+CD38- group and CD34+CD38+ group were further compared. OS differed significantly between these two groups (χ2 = 3.89, P = 0.048), as did the recurrence rate (χ2 = 5.04, P = 0.025), but EFS did not (χ2 = 1.45, P > 0.05). Survival analysis in patients with recurrence showed a significantly higher OS for the CD34 + CD38+ group compared with the CD34 + CD38- group (χ2 = 5.08, P = 0.024). The CD34+CD38- group and CD34+CD38+ group were matched for propensity scores. When recurrence was compared in the two groups after matching, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CD34+ and CD34- expression does not differ by prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but CD34 + CD38- may indicate a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiou Zhao
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhao Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Vanuytsel K, Yeung AK, Dowrey TW, Murphy GJ, Belkina AC. CPHEN-013: Comprehensive phenotyping of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the human fetal liver. Cytometry A 2022; 101:903-908. [PMID: 35253987 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and can give rise to all the mature blood cell types in our body, while at the same time maintaining a pool of HSCs through self-renewing divisions. This potential is reflected in their functional definition as cells that are capable of long-term multi-lineage engraftment upon transplantation. While all HSCs meet these criteria, subtle differences exist between developmentally different populations of these cells. Here we present a comprehensive overview of traditional and more recently described markers for phenotyping HSCs and their downstream progeny. To address the need to assess the growing number of surface molecules expressed in various HSC-enriched fractions at different developmental stages, we have developed an extensive multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry panel to phenotype hematopoietic stem and multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs) throughout development. In this study we then employ this panel to comprehensively profile the HSC compartment in the human fetal liver (FL), which is endowed with superior engraftment potential compared to postnatal sources. Spectral cytometry lends an improved resolution of marker expression to our comprehensive approach, allowing to extract combinatorial expression signatures of several relevant HSC/MPP markers to precisely characterize the HSC/MPP fraction in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vanuytsel
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony K Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd W Dowrey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Weeda V, Mestrum SGC, Leers MPG. Flow Cytometric Identification of Hematopoietic and Leukemic Blast Cells for Tailored Clinical Follow-Up of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810529. [PMID: 36142442 PMCID: PMC9506284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy that is characterized by the accumulation of leukemic blast cells, which originate from hematopoietic stem cells that have undergone leukemic transformation and/or are more mature progenitors that have gained stemness features. Currently, no consensus exists for the flow cytometric identification of normal blast cells and their leukemic counterparts by their antigenic expression profile. Differentiating between the benign cells and the malignant cells is crucial for the further deployment of immunophenotype panels for the clinical follow-up of AML patients. This review provides an overview of immunophenotypic markers that allow the identification of leukemic blast cells in the bone marrow with multiparameter flow cytometry. This technique allows the identification of hematopoietic blast cells at the level of maturing cells by their antigen expression profile. While aberrant antigen expression of a single immunophenotypic marker cell cannot be utilized in order to differentiate leukemic blast cells from normal blast cells, combinations of multiple immunophenotypic markers can enable the distinction of normal and leukemic blast cells. The identification of these markers has provided new perspectives for tailored clinical follow-up, including therapy management, diagnostics, and prognostic purposes. The immunophenotypic marker panels, however, should be developed by carefully considering the variable antigen marker expression profile of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Weeda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan G. C. Mestrum
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-36176124
| | - Math P. G. Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
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14
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.M.M.); (A.H.-K.); (E.D.)
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15
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New insights into Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells via Single-Cell Omics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1322-1336. [PMID: 35318612 PMCID: PMC8939482 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Residing at the apex of the hematopoietic hierarchy, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all mature blood cells. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in single-cell RNA sequencing as well as multi-omics technologies that have facilitated elucidation of the heterogeneity of previously defined human HSPCs. From the embryonic stage through the adult stage to aging, single-cell studies have enabled us to trace the origins of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating different hematopoietic differentiation during development, as well as identifying novel cell populations. In both hematological benign diseases and malignancies, single-cell omics technologies have begun to reveal tissue heterogeneity and have permitted mapping of microenvironmental ecosystems and tracking of cell subclones, thereby greatly broadening our understanding of disease development. Furthermore, advances have also been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms for relapse and identifying therapeutic targets of hematological disorders and other non-hematological diseases. Extensive exploration of hematopoiesis at the single-cell level may thus have great potential for broad clinical applications of HSPCs, as well as disease prognosis.
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16
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Vanuytsel K, Villacorta-Martin C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Wang Z, Garcia-Beltran WF, Vrbanac V, Parsons D, Lam EC, Matte TM, Dowrey TW, Kumar SS, Li M, Wang F, Yeung AK, Mostoslavsky G, Dries R, Campbell JD, Belkina AC, Balazs AB, Murphy GJ. Multi-modal profiling of human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells reveals the molecular signature of engraftment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1103. [PMID: 35232959 PMCID: PMC8888592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hematopoietic stem cell harbors remarkable regenerative potential that can be harnessed therapeutically. During early development, hematopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver undergo active expansion while simultaneously retaining robust engraftment capacity, yet the underlying molecular program responsible for their efficient engraftment remains unclear. Here, we profile 26,407 fetal liver cells at both the transcriptional and protein level including ~7,000 highly enriched and functional fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells to establish a detailed molecular signature of engraftment potential. Integration of transcript and linked cell surface marker expression reveals a generalizable signature defining functional fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells and allows for the stratification of enrichment strategies with high translational potential. More precisely, our integrated analysis identifies CD201 (endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), encoded by PROCR) as a marker that can specifically enrich for engraftment potential. This comprehensive, multi-modal profiling of engraftment capacity connects a critical biological function at a key developmental timepoint with its underlying molecular drivers. As such, it serves as a useful resource for the field and forms the basis for further biological exploration of strategies to retain the engraftment potential of hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo or induce this potential during in vitro hematopoietic stem cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vanuytsel
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dylan Parsons
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taylor M Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd W Dowrey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara S Kumar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony K Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Dries
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - George J Murphy
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Adult Stem Cell Therapy as Regenerative Medicine for End-Stage Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:57-72. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Compromised anti-tumor-immune features of myeloid cell components in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18046. [PMID: 34508131 PMCID: PMC8433374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a form of myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by the oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors have dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with CML, several problems such as resistance and recurrence still exist. Immunological control may contribute to solving these problems, and it is important to understand why CML patients fail to spontaneously develop anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that differentiation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), which are vital for anti-tumor immunity, is restricted from an early stage of hematopoiesis in CML. In addition, we found that monocytes and basophils, which are increased in CML patients, express high levels of PD-L1, an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits T cell responses. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that basophils express genes related to poor prognosis in CML. Our data suggest that BCR-ABL not only disrupts the “accelerator” (i.e., cDCs) but also applies the “brake” (i.e., monocytes and basophils) of anti-tumor immunity, compromising the defense against CML cells.
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19
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Zhang S, Li X, Lin Q, Wong KC. Nature-Inspired Compressed Sensing for Transcriptomic Profiling From Random Composite Measurements. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2021; 51:4476-4487. [PMID: 31751263 DOI: 10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling is a high-throughput approach to measure gene expression levels under different experimental conditions at different timings. With the development of the related technologies such as single-cell RNA-Seq, the dimensions of gene expression data are increased to hundreds of thousands or more for high-resolution insights. There is a long-lasting challenge in exploiting the relations between transcriptomic profiles and random composite measurements. To address it, we proposed a mathematical framework based on differential evolution (global search) with the help of compressed sensing (local search) termed as DECS. Exploiting the inherent sparse nature of gene expression data, the proposed DECS method can learn the sparse module dictionaries and levels from the low-dimensional random composite measurements for reconstructing the high-dimensional gene expression data with significant orders of magnitude (e.g. 200 × ). Several experiments were conducted to compare DECS with three benchmark methods, demonstrating that the proposed DECS outperforms the benchmark methods and can recover most of the gene expression patterns. The underlying reasons are discussed and illustrated by revealing the related mechanistic insights through extensive benchmarks on nine GSE datasets and their sensitivity analysis.
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20
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Orticelli V, Papait A, Vertua E, Bonassi Signoroni P, Romele P, Di Pietro L, Magatti M, Teofili L, Silini AR, Parolini O. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells support the ex vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1516-1529. [PMID: 34327849 PMCID: PMC8550705 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 30 000 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantations have been performed for the treatment of hematological and nonhematological diseases using HSC from umbilical cord blood (CB). However, the wide utilization of CB as a source of HSC is limited by the low number of cells recovered. One strategy to expand ex vivo CB‐HSC is represented by the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) as a feeder to enhance HSC proliferation while maintaining HSC stemness. Indeed, BM‐MSCs have been recognized as one of the most relevant players in the HSC niche. Thus, it has been hypothesized that they can support the ex vivo expansion of HSC by mimicking the physiological microenvironment present in the hematopoietic niche. Due to the role of placenta in supporting fetal hematopoiesis, MSC derived from the amniotic membrane (hAMSC) of human term placenta could represent an interesting alternative to BM‐MSC as a feeder layer to enhance the proliferation and maintain HSC stemness. Therefore, in this study we investigated if hAMSC could support the ex vivo expansion of HSC and progenitor cells. The capacity of hAMSCs to support the ex vivo expansion of CB‐HSC was evaluated in comparison to the control condition represented by the CB‐CD34+ cells without a feeder layer. The coculture was performed at two different CD34+:MSC ratios (1:2 and 1:8) in both cell‐to‐cell contact and transwell setting. After 7 days, the cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality. Our results suggest that hAMSCs represent a valuable alternative to BM‐MSC to support: (a) the ex vivo expansion of CB‐HSC in both contact and transwell systems, (b) the colony forming unit ability, and (c) long‐term culture initiating cells ability. Overall, these findings may contribute to address the unmet need of high HSC content in CB units available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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21
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Asymmetric organelle inheritance predicts human blood stem cell fate. Blood 2021; 139:2011-2023. [PMID: 34314497 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding human hematopoietic stem cell fate control is important for their improved therapeutic manipulation. Asymmetric cell division, the asymmetric inheritance of factors during division instructing future daughter cell fates, was recently described in mouse blood stem cells. In human blood stem cells, the possible existence of asymmetric cell division remained unclear due to technical challenges in its direct observation. Here, we use long-term quantitative single-cell imaging to show that lysosomes and active mitochondria are asymmetrically inherited in human blood stem cells and that their inheritance is a coordinated, non-random process. Furthermore, multiple additional organelles, including autophagosomes, mitophagosomes, autolysosomes and recycling endosomes show preferential asymmetric co-segregation with lysosomes. Importantly, asymmetric lysosomal inheritance predicts future asymmetric daughter cell cycle length, differentiation and stem cell marker expression, while asymmetric inheritance of active mitochondria correlates with daughter metabolic activity. Hence, human hematopoietic stem cell fates are regulated by asymmetric cell division, with both mechanistic evolutionary conservation and differences to the mouse system.
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22
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Fernandes SS, Limaye LS, Kale VP. Differentiated Cells Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Applications in Translational Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:29-43. [PMID: 34114129 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their development are one of the most widely studied model systems in mammals. In adults, HSCs are predominantly found in the bone marrow, from where they maintain homeostasis. Besides bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, cord blood is also being used as an alternate allogenic source of transplantable HSCs. HSCs from both autologous and allogenic sources are being applied for the treatment of various conditions like blood cancers, anemia, etc. HSCs can further differentiate to mature blood cells. Differentiation process of HSCs is being extensively studied so as to obtain a large number of pure populations of various differentiated cells in vitro so that they can be taken up for clinical trials. The ability to generate sufficient quantity of clinical-grade specialized blood cells in vitro would take the field of hematology a step ahead in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalita S Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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23
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The stem cell revolution: on the role of CD164 as a human stem cell marker. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34103536 PMCID: PMC8187384 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
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24
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Adigbli G, Hua P, Uchiyama M, Roberts I, Hester J, Watt SM, Issa F. Development of LT-HSC-Reconstituted Non-Irradiated NBSGW Mice for the Study of Human Hematopoiesis In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642198. [PMID: 33868276 PMCID: PMC8044770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized immune system (HIS) mouse models are useful tools for the in vivo investigation of human hematopoiesis. However, the majority of HIS models currently in use are biased towards lymphocyte development and fail to support long-term multilineage leucocytes and erythrocytes. Those that achieve successful multilineage reconstitution often require preconditioning steps which are expensive, cause animal morbidity, are technically demanding, and poorly reproducible. In this study, we address this challenge by using HSPC-NBSGW mice, in which NOD,B6.SCID IL-2rγ-/-KitW41/W41 (NBSGW) mice are engrafted with human CD133+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) without the need for preconditioning by sublethal irradiation. These HSPCs are enriched in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), while NBSGW mice are permissive to human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment, thus reducing the cell number required for successful HIS development. B cells reconstitute with the greatest efficiency, including mature B cells capable of class-switching following allogeneic stimulation and, within lymphoid organs and peripheral blood, T cells at a spectrum of stages of maturation. In the thymus, human thymocytes are identified at all major stages of development. Phenotypically distinct subsets of myeloid cells, including dendritic cells and mature monocytes, engraft to a variable degree in the bone marrow and spleen, and circulate in peripheral blood. Finally, we observe human erythrocytes which persist in the periphery at high levels following macrophage clearance. The HSPC-NBSGW model therefore provides a useful platform for the study of human hematological and immunological processes and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Adigbli
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Hua
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masateru Uchiyama
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M. Watt
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Maganti HB, Bailey AJM, Kirkham AM, Shorr R, Pineault N, Allan DS. Persistence of CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited hematopoietic stem cells following transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:996-1007. [PMID: 33666363 PMCID: PMC8235122 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing blood‐derived cells is an attractive approach to cure selected monogenic diseases but remains experimental. A systematic search of preclinical controlled studies is needed to determine the persistence of edited cells following reinfusion. All studies identified in our systematic search (to 20 October 2020) examining the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in blood‐derived cells for transplantation were included. Meta‐analysis was performed to determine the engraftment and persistence of gene edited cells. A total of 3538 preclinical studies were identified with 15 published articles meeting eligibility for meta‐analysis. These in vivo animal studies examined editing of hemoglobin to correct sickle cell disease (eight studies), inducing resistance to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (two studies), and six other monogenic disorders (single studies). CRISPR‐Cas9 edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells demonstrated equivalent early engraftment compared to controls in meta‐analysis but persistence of gene‐edited cells was reduced at later time points and in secondary transplant recipients. Subgroup analysis in studies targeting the hemoglobin gene revealed a significant reduction in the persistence of gene‐edited cells whether homology‐directed repair or nonhomologous end‐joining were used. No adverse side effects were reported. Significant heterogeneity in study design and outcome reporting was observed and the potential for bias was identified in all studies. CRISPR‐Cas9 gene edited cells engraft similarly to unedited hematopoietic cells. Persistence of gene edited cells, however, remains a challenge and improved methods of targeting hematopoietic stem cells are needed. Reducing heterogeneity and potential risk of bias will hasten the development of informative clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinad B Maganti
- Canadian Blood Services, Stem Cells and Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian J M Bailey
- Canadian Blood Services, Stem Cells and Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan M Kirkham
- Canadian Blood Services, Stem Cells and Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Information Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Stem Cells and Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Canadian Blood Services, Stem Cells and Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Bapat A, Schippel N, Shi X, Jasbi P, Gu H, Kala M, Sertil A, Sharma S. Hypoxia promotes erythroid differentiation through the development of progenitors and proerythroblasts. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:32-46.e35. [PMID: 33675821 PMCID: PMC8102433 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a critical noncellular component of the bone marrow microenvironment that plays an important role in the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. In this study, we investigated the impact of low oxygen (hypoxia) on ex vivo myeloerythroid differentiation of human cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We characterized the culture conditions to demonstrate that low oxygen inhibits cell proliferation and causes a metabolic shift in the stem and progenitor populations. We found that hypoxia promotes erythroid differentiation by supporting the development of progenitor populations. Hypoxia also increases the megakaryoerythroid potential of the common myeloid progenitors and the erythroid potential of megakaryoerythroid progenitors and significantly accelerates maturation of erythroid cells. Specifically, we determined that hypoxia promotes the loss of CD71 and the appearance of the erythroid markers CD235a and CD239. Further, evaluation of erythroid populations revealed a hypoxia-induced increase in proerythroblasts and in enucleation of CD235a+ cells. These results reveal the extensive role of hypoxia at multiple steps during erythroid development. Overall, our work establishes a valuable model for further investigations into the relationship between erythroid progenitors and/or erythroblast populations and their hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bapat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Flow Cytometry Core, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Aparna Sertil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
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27
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Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells: The current understanding of their biological nature. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:13-26. [PMID: 33610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity and hierarchy are a current topic of interest, having major implications for clinical HSC transplantation and basic research on human HSCs. It was long believed that the most primitive HSCs in mammals, including mice and humans, were CD34 antigen positive (CD34+). However, 2 decades ago, it was reported that murine long-term multilineage reconstituting HSCs were lineage marker negative (Lin-, i.e., c-kit+Sca-1+CD34low/-), known as CD34low/- KSL cells. In contrast, human CD34- HSCs, a counterpart of murine CD34low/- KSL cells, were hard to identify for a long time mainly because of their rarity. We previously identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method and proposed the new concept that CD34- SRCs (HSCs) reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy. Through a series of studies, we identified two positive/enrichment markers: CD133 and GPI-80. The combination of these two markers enabled the development of an ultrahigh-resolution purification method for CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs and the successful purification of both HSCs at the single-cell level. Cell population purity is a crucial prerequisite for reliable biological and molecular analyses. Clonal analyses of highly purified human CD34- HSCs have revealed their potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential. Based on these observations, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CB-derived CD34- HSCs. This review updates the current understanding of the stem cell nature of human CB-derived primitive CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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28
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Generation and manipulation of human iPSC-derived platelets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3385-3401. [PMID: 33439272 PMCID: PMC7804213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of iPSCs has led to the ex vivo production of differentiated cells for regenerative medicine. In the case of transfusion products, the derivation of platelets from iPSCs is expected to complement our current blood-donor supplied transfusion system through donor-independent production with complete pathogen-free assurance. This derivation can also overcome alloimmune platelet transfusion refractoriness by resulting in autologous, HLA-homologous or HLA-deficient products. Several developments were necessary to produce a massive number of platelets required for a single transfusion. First, expandable megakaryocytes were established from iPSCs through transgene expression. Second, a turbulent-type bioreactor with improved platelet yield and quality was developed. Third, novel drugs that enabled efficient feeder cell-free conditions were developed. Fourth, the platelet-containing suspension was purified and resuspended in an appropriate buffer. Finally, the platelet product needed to be assured for competency and safety including non-tumorigenicity through in vitro and in vivo preclinical tests. Based on these advancements, a clinical trial has started. The generation of human iPSC-derived platelets could evolve transfusion medicine to the next stage and assure a ubiquitous, safe supply of platelet products. Further, considering the feasibility of gene manipulations in iPSCs, other platelet products may bring forth novel therapeutic measures.
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29
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Arnone M, Konantz M, Hanns P, Paczulla Stanger AM, Bertels S, Godavarthy PS, Christopeit M, Lengerke C. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: The Challenges of Phenotypic Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3742. [PMID: 33322769 PMCID: PMC7764578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Next to variabilities in patient-specific parameters influencing treatment decisions and outcome, this is due to differences in AML biology. In fact, different genetic drivers may transform variable cells of origin and co-exist with additional genetic lesions (e.g., as observed in clonal hematopoiesis) in a variety of leukemic (sub)clones. Moreover, AML cells are hierarchically organized and contain subpopulations of more immature cells called leukemic stem cells (LSC), which on the cellular level constitute the driver of the disease and may evolve during therapy. This genetic and hierarchical complexity results in a pronounced phenotypic variability, which is observed among AML cells of different patients as well as among the leukemic blasts of individual patients, at diagnosis and during the course of the disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on the heterogeneous landscape of AML surface markers with particular focus on those identifying LSC, and discuss why identification and targeting of this important cellular subpopulation in AML remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Arnone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Anna M. Paczulla Stanger
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Parimala Sonika Godavarthy
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Maximilian Christopeit
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
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30
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Tolu SS, Wang K, Yan Z, Zhang S, Roberts K, Crouch AS, Sebastian G, Chaitowitz M, Fornari ED, Schwechter EM, Uehlinger J, Manwani D, Minniti CP, Bouhassira EE. Characterization of Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Disease by Prospective Isolation of Stem and Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102159. [PMID: 32987729 PMCID: PMC7598721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of sickle cell disease (SCD) include ongoing hematopoietic stress, hemolysis, vascular damage, and effect of chronic therapies, such as blood transfusions and hydroxyurea, on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) have been poorly characterized. We have quantified the frequencies of nine HSPC populations by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of pediatric and adult patients, stratified by treatment and control cohorts. We observed broad differences between SCD patients and healthy controls. SCD is associated with 10 to 20-fold increase in CD34dim cells, a two to five-fold increase in CD34bright cells, a depletion in Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitors, and an increase in hematopoietic stem cells, when compared to controls. SCD is also associated with abnormal expression of CD235a as well as high levels CD49f antigen expression. These findings were present to varying degrees in all patients with SCD, including those on chronic therapy and those who were therapy naive. HU treatment appeared to normalize many of these parameters. Chronic stress erythropoiesis and inflammation incited by SCD and HU therapy have long been suspected of causing premature aging of the hematopoietic system, and potentially increasing the risk of hematological malignancies. An important finding of this study was that the observed concentration of CD34bright cells and of all the HSPCs decreased logarithmically with time of treatment with HU. This correlation was independent of age and specific to HU treatment. Although the number of circulating HSPCs is influenced by many parameters, our findings suggest that HU treatment may decrease premature aging and hematologic malignancy risk compared to the other therapeutic modalities in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda S. Tolu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Zi Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Shouping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Karl Roberts
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Andrew S. Crouch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Gracy Sebastian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Mark Chaitowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Eric D. Fornari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (E.D.F.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Evan M. Schwechter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (E.D.F.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Joan Uehlinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY 10467, USA;
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Marrow and Blood Cell Transplantation, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY 10467, USA;
| | - Caterina P. Minniti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Eric E. Bouhassira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.T.); (A.S.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-2000
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31
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Matsuoka Y, Sumide K, Sonoda Y. One-Year Observation of the SCID-Repopulating Cell Activities of Human Cord Blood-Derived CD34-Positive and -Negative Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:459-461. [PMID: 30982173 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sumide
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
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32
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Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 86:1-14. [PMID: 32422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 cell surface antigen is widely expressed in tissues on cells with progenitor-like properties and on mature vascular endothelia. In adult human bone marrow, CD34 marks hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) starting from the bulk of hematopoietic stem cells with long-term repopulating potential (LT-HSCs) throughout expansion and differentiation of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors. CD34 protein surface expression is typically lost as cells mature into terminal effectors. Because of this expression pattern of HSPCs, CD34 has had a central role in the evaluation or selection of donor graft tissue in HSC transplant (HSCT). Given its clinical importance, it is surprising that the biological functions of CD34 are still poorly understood. This enigma is due, in part, to CD34's context-specific role as both a pro-adhesive and anti-adhesive molecule and its potential functional redundancy with other sialomucins. Moreover, there are also critical differences in the regulation of CD34 expression on HSPCs in humans and experimental mice. In this review, we highlight some of the more well-defined functions of CD34 in HSPCs with a focus on proposed functions most relevant to HSCT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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33
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Brault J, Vigne B, Meunier M, Beaumel S, Mollin M, Park S, Stasia MJ. NOX4 is the main NADPH oxidase involved in the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:107-118. [PMID: 31626946 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are involved in the balance between quiescence, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation processes. However the role of NOX enzymes on the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation is poorly investigated. For that, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease (X0CGD) patients with deficiency in NOX2, and AR220CGD patients with deficiency in p22phox subunit which decreases NOX1, NOX2, NOX3 and NOX4 activities. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors were obtained after 7, 10 and 13 days of iPS/OP9 co-culture differentiation system. Neither NOX expression nor activity was found in Wild-type (WT), X0CGD and AR220CGD iPSCs. Although NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA were found in WT, X0CGD and AR220CGD iPSC-derived CD34+ cells at day 10 and 13 of differentiation, NOX4 protein was the only NOX enzyme expressed in these cells. A NADPH oxidase activity was measured in WT and X0CGD iPSC-derived CD34+ cells but not in AR220CGD iPSC-derived CD34+ cells because of the absence of p22phox, which is essential for the NOX4 activity. The absence of NOX4 activity and the poor NOX-independent ROS production in AR220CGD iPSC-derived CD34+ cells favored the CD34+ cells production but lowered their hematopoietic potential compared to WT and X0CGD iPSC-derived CD34+ cells. In addition we found a large production of primitive AR220CGD iPSC-derived progenitors at day 7 compared to the WT and X0CGD cell types. In conclusion NOX4 is the major NOX enzyme involved in the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation from iPSCs and its activity can modulate the production, the hematopoietic potential and the phenotype of iPSC-derived CD34+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brault
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Grenoble, France.
| | - Bénédicte Vigne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Grenoble, France.
| | - Mathieu Meunier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Clinic of Hematology, Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Beaumel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Grenoble, France.
| | - Michelle Mollin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Grenoble, France.
| | - Sophie Park
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, University Clinic of Hematology, Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marie José Stasia
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France, Grenoble, France.
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34
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Kapoor S, Shenoy SP, Bose B. CD34 cells in somatic, regenerative and cancer stem cells: Developmental biology, cell therapy, and omics big data perspective. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3058-3069. [PMID: 31886574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 has conventionally been regarded as a marker for hematopoietic progenitors. Its expression on these cells has been leveraged for cell therapy applications in various hematological disorders. More recently, the expression of CD34 has also been reported on cells of nonhematopoietic origin. The list includes somatic cells such as endothelial cells, fibrocytes and interstitial cells and regenerative stem cells such as corneal keratocytes, muscle satellite cells, and muscle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, its expression on some cancer stem cells (CSCs) has also been reported. Till date, the functional roles of this molecule have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes including cell adhesion, signal transduction, and maintenance of progenitor phenotype. However, the complete understanding about this molecule including its developmental origins, its embryonic connection, and associated functions is far from complete. Here, we review our present understanding of the structure and putative functions of the CD34 molecule based upon our literature survey. We also probed various biological databases to retrieve data related to the expression and associated molecular functions of CD34. Such information, upon synthesis, is hence likely to provide the suitability of such cells for cell therapy. Moreover, we have also covered the existing cell therapy and speculated cell therapy applications of CD34+ cells isolated from various lineages. We have also attempted here to speculate the role(s) of CD34 on CSCs. Finally, we discuss number of large-scale proteomics and transcriptomics studies that have been performed using CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheer P Shenoy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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35
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Jurecic R. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:195-211. [PMID: 31487025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain lifelong production of mature blood cells and regenerate the hematopoietic system after cytotoxic injury. Use of expanding cell surface marker panels and advanced functional analyses have revealed the presence of several immunophenotypically different HSC subsets with distinct self-renewal and repopulating capacity and bias toward selective lineage differentiation. This chapter summarizes current understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within the HSC pool, with emphasis on the immunophenotypes and functional features of several known HSC subsets, and their roles in steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis, and in aging. The chapter also highlights some of the future research directions to elucidate further the biology and function of different HSC subsets in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jurecic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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