1
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Wang Y, Luo R, Chen J, Zhou X, Wang S, Wu J, Kang F, Yu K, Sun B. Proton Collective Quantum Tunneling Induces Anomalous Thermal Conductivity of Ice under Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:264101. [PMID: 38996295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.264101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Proton tunneling is believed to be nonlocal in ice, but its range has been shown to be limited to only a few molecules. Here, we measured the thermal conductivity of ice under pressure up to 50 GPa and found it increases with pressure until 20 GPa but decreases at higher pressures. We attribute this nonmonotonic thermal conductivity to the collective tunneling of protons at high pressures, supported by large-scale quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The collective tunneling loops span several picoseconds in time and are as large as nanometers in space, which match the phonon periods and wavelengths, leading to strong phonon scattering at high pressures. Our results show direct evidence of global quantum motion existing in high-pressure ice and provide a new perspective to understanding the coupling between phonon propagation and atomic tunneling.
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2
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Komatsu K, Hattori T, Klotz S, Machida S, Yamashita K, Ito H, Kobayashi H, Irifune T, Shinmei T, Sano-Furukawa A, Kagi H. Hydrogen bond symmetrisation in D 2O ice observed by neutron diffraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5100. [PMID: 38937434 PMCID: PMC11211428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bond symmetrisation is the phenomenon where a hydrogen atom is located at the centre of a hydrogen bond. Theoretical studies predict that hydrogen bonds in ice VII eventually undergo symmetrisation upon increasing pressure, involving nuclear quantum effect with significant isotope effect and drastic changes in the elastic properties through several intermediate states with varying hydrogen distribution. Despite numerous experimental studies conducted, the location of hydrogen and hence the transition pressures reported up to date remain inconsistent. Here we report the atomic distribution of deuterium in D2O ice using neutron diffraction above 100 GPa and observe the transition from a bimodal to a unimodal distribution of deuterium at around 80 GPa. At the transition pressure, a significant narrowing of the peak widths of 110 is also observed, attributed to the structural relaxation by the change of elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hattori
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, F-75252, Paris, France.
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, CROSS, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keishiro Yamashita
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hayate Ito
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Asami Sano-Furukawa
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Park BW, Kim J, Shin TJ, Kim YS, Kim MG, Seok SI. Stabilization of the Alkylammonium Cations in Halide Perovskite Thin Films by Water-Mediated Proton Transfer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211386. [PMID: 36646632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of alkylammonium lead trihalide perovskite (ALHP) photovoltaics has grown rapidly over the past decade. However, there are remaining critical challenges, such as proton defects, which can lead to the material instability of ALHPs. Although specific strategies, including the use of halide additives, have significantly reduced the defects, a fundamental understanding of the defect passivation mechanism remains elusive. Herein, an approach and mechanism for minimizing proton defects in ALHP crystals by adding ionized halides to the perovskite precursor solution are reported. This work clarifies that the ionized halides induced proton transfer from H2 O to the alkylammonium cation in the precursor solution, stabilizing the ALHP crystals. The fundamental characteristics of ALHP and its precursors are examined by X-ray diffraction, transmittance electron microscopy, in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings from this work will guide the development of highly stable ALHP crystals, enabling efficient and stable optoelectronic ALHP devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Park
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincheol Kim
- New & Renewable Energy Research Centre, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seong-Nam, 13509, Republic of Korea
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bastawrous M, Ghosh Biswas R, Soong R, Jouda M, MacKinnon N, Mager D, Korvink JG, Simpson AJ. Lenz Lenses in a Cryoprobe: Boosting NMR Sensitivity Toward Environmental Monitoring of Mass-Limited Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1327-1334. [PMID: 36576271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is commonly employed in a wide range of metabolomic research. Unfortunately, due to its relatively low sensitivity, smaller samples become challenging to study by NMR. Cryoprobes can be used to increase sensitivity by cooling the coil and preamplifier, offering sensitivity improvements of ∼3 to 4x. Alternatively, microcoils can be used to increase mass sensitivity by improving sample filling and proximity, along with decreased electrical resistance. Unfortunately, combining the two approaches is not just technically challenging, but as the coil decreases, so does its thermal fingerprint, reducing the advantage of cryogenic cooling. Here, an alternative solution is proposed in the form of a Lenz lens inside a cryoprobe. Rather than replacing the detection coil, Lenz lenses allow the B1 field from a larger coil to be refocused onto a much smaller sample area. In turn, the stronger B1 field at the sample provides strong coupling to the cryocoil, improving the signal. By combining a 530 I.D. Lenz lens with a cryoprobe, sensitivity was further improved by 2.8x and 3.5x for 1H and 13C, respectively, over the cryoprobe alone for small samples. Additionally, the broadband nature of the Lenz lenses allowed multiple nuclei to be studied and heteronuclear two-dimensional (2D) NMR approaches to be employed. The sensitivity improvements and 2D capabilities are demonstrated on 430 nL of hemolymph and eight eggs (∼350 μm O.D.) from the model organismDaphnia magna. In summary, combining Lenz lenses with cryoprobes offers a relatively simple approach to boost sensitivity for tiny samples while retaining cryoprobe advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bastawrous
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rajshree Ghosh Biswas
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Mazin Jouda
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Neil MacKinnon
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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5
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Komatsu K. Neutrons meet ice polymorphs. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Structural independence of hydrogen-bond symmetrisation dynamics at extreme pressure conditions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3042. [PMID: 35650203 PMCID: PMC9160052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental study of hydrogen-bonds and their symmetrization under extreme conditions is predominantly driven by diffraction methods, despite challenges of localising or probing the hydrogen subsystems directly. Until recently, H-bond symmetrization has been addressed in terms of either nuclear quantum effects, spin crossovers or direct structural transitions; often leading to contradictory interpretations when combined. Here, we present high-resolution in-situ 1H-NMR experiments in diamond anvil cells investigating a range of systems containing linear O-H ⋯ O units at pressure ranges of up to 90 GPa covering their respective H-bond symmetrization. We found pronounced minima in the pressure dependence of the NMR resonance line-widths associated with a maximum in hydrogen mobility, precursor to a localisation of hydrogen atoms. These minima, independent of the chemical environment of the O-H ⋯ O unit, can be found in a narrow range of oxygen oxygen distances between 2.44 and 2.45 Å, leading to an average critical oxygen-oxygen distance of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\bar{r}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{OO}}}}}}}}}^{{{{{{{{\rm{crit}}}}}}}}}=2.443(1)$$\end{document}r¯OOcrit=2.443(1) Å. The authors use in-situ high pressure nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diamond anvil cells to show that at all observed H-bond environments undergo a distinct maximum in hydrogen mobility regardless of the structure of the compounds.
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7
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Zhang P, Tang X, Zhang C, Gao D, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo W, Zou R, Han Y, Lin X, Dong X, Li K, Zheng H, Mao HK. Pressure-Induced Hydrogen Transfer in 2-Butyne via a Double CH···π Aromatic Transition State. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4170-4175. [PMID: 35507771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen transfer (H-transfer) is an important elementary reaction in chemistry and bioscience. It is often facilitated by the hydrogen bonds between the H-donor and acceptor. Here, at room temperature and high pressure, we found that solid 2-butyne experienced a concerted two-in-two-out intermolecular CH···π H-transfer, which initiated the subsequent polymerization. Such double H-transfer goes through an aromatic Hückel six-membered ring intermediate state via intermolecular CH···π interactions enhanced by external pressure. Our work shows that H-transfer can occur via the CH···π route in appropriate conformations under high pressure, which gives important insights into the H-transfer in solid-state hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, P. R. China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum─Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Lin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
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8
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Laniel D, Fedotenko T, Winkler B, Aslandukova A, Aslandukov A, Aprilis G, Chariton S, Milman V, Prakapenka V, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N. A reentrant phase transition and a novel polymorph revealed in high-pressure investigations of CF4 up to 46.5 GPa. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Laniel
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bjoern Winkler
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Kristallographie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alena Aslandukova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrey Aslandukov
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georgios Aprilis
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Victor Milman
- Dassault Systèmes BIOVIA, CB4 0WN Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vitali Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Futera Z, English NJ. Dielectric properties of ice VII under the influence of time-alternating external electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:56-62. [PMID: 34698743 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure solid phase of water known as ice VII has recently attracted a lot of attention when its presence was detected in large exoplanets, their icy satellites, and even in Earth's mantle. Moreover, a transition of ice VII to the superionic phase can be triggered by external electric fields. Here, we investigate the dielectric responses of ice VII to applied oscillating electric fields of various frequencies employing non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics. We focus on the dynamical properties of a dipole-ordered ice VII structure, for which we explored external-field-induced electronic polarisation and the vibrational spectral density of states (VDOS). These analyses are important for the understanding of collective motions in the ice-VII lattice and the electronic properties of this exotic water phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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10
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Binns J, Hermann A, Peña-Alvarez M, Donnelly ME, Wang M, Kawaguchi SI, Gregoryanz E, Howie RT, Dalladay-Simpson P. Superionicity, disorder, and bandgap closure in dense hydrogen chloride. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9507. [PMID: 34516915 PMCID: PMC8442878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond networks play a crucial role in biomolecules and molecular materials such as ices. How these networks react to pressure directs their properties at extreme conditions. We have studied one of the simplest hydrogen bond formers, hydrogen chloride, from crystallization to metallization, covering a pressure range of more than 2.5 million atmospheres. Following hydrogen bond symmetrization, we identify a previously unknown phase by the appearance of new Raman modes and changes to x-ray diffraction patterns that contradict previous predictions. On further compression, a broad Raman band supersedes the well-defined excitations of phase V, despite retaining a crystalline chlorine substructure. We propose that this mode has its origin in proton (H+) mobility and disorder. Above 100 GPa, the optical bandgap closes linearly with extrapolated metallization at 240(10) GPa. Our findings suggest that proton dynamics can drive changes in these networks even at very high densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Andreas Hermann
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Mary-Ellen Donnelly
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ross T. Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Abstract
Intrinsic fluorescence of nonaromatic amino acids is a puzzling phenomenon with an enormous potential in biophotonic applications. The physical origins of this effect, however, remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate how specific hydrogen bond networks can modulate fluorescence. We highlight the key role played by short hydrogen bonds, present in the protein structure, on the ensuing fluorescence. We provide detailed experimental and molecular evidence to explain these unusual nonaromatic optical properties. Our findings should benefit the design of novel optically active biomaterials for applications in biosensing and imaging. Fluorescence in biological systems is usually associated with the presence of aromatic groups. Here, by employing a combined experimental and computational approach, we show that specific hydrogen bond networks can significantly affect fluorescence. In particular, we reveal that the single amino acid L-glutamine, by undergoing a chemical transformation leading to the formation of a short hydrogen bond, displays optical properties that are significantly enhanced compared with L-glutamine itself. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations highlight that these short hydrogen bonds prevent the appearance of a conical intersection between the excited and the ground states and thereby significantly decrease nonradiative transition probabilities. Our findings open the door to the design of new photoactive materials with biophotonic applications.
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12
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Abstract
Nondipolar magnetic fields exhibited at Uranus and Neptune may be derived from a unique geometry of their icy mantle with a thin convective layer on top of a stratified nonconvective layer. The presence of superionic H2O and NH3 has been thought as an explanation to stabilize such nonconvective regions. However, a lack of experimental data on the physical properties of those superionic phases has prevented the clarification of this matter. Here, our Brillouin measurements for NH3 show a two-stage reduction in longitudinal wave velocity (V p) by ∼9% and ∼20% relative to the molecular solid in the temperature range of 1,500 K and 2,000 K above 47 GPa. While the first V p reduction observed at the boundary to the superionic α phase was most likely due to the onset of the hydrogen diffusion, the further one was likely attributed to the transition to another superionic phase, denoted γ phase, exhibiting the higher diffusivity. The reduction rate of V p in the superionic γ phase, comparable to that of the liquid, implies that this phase elastically behaves almost like a liquid. Our measurements show that superionic NH3 becomes convective and cannot contribute to the internal stratification.
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13
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Meier T, Laniel D, Pena-Alvarez M, Trybel F, Khandarkhaeva S, Krupp A, Jacobs J, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Nuclear spin coupling crossover in dense molecular hydrogen. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6334. [PMID: 33303751 PMCID: PMC7728769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking properties of molecular hydrogen is the coupling between molecular rotational properties and nuclear spin orientations, giving rise to the spin isomers ortho- and para-hydrogen. At high pressure, as intermolecular interactions increase significantly, the free rotation of H2 molecules is increasingly hindered, and consequently a modification of the coupling between molecular rotational properties and the nuclear spin system can be anticipated. To date, high-pressure experimental methods have not been able to observe nuclear spin states at pressures approaching 100 GPa (Meier, Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. 94:1-74, 2017; Meier, Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 106-107:26-36, 2018) and consequently the effect of high pressure on the nuclear spin statistics could not be directly measured. Here, we present in-situ high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance data on molecular hydrogen in its hexagonal phase I up to 123 GPa at room temperature. While our measurements confirm the presence of ortho-hydrogen at low pressures, above 70 GPa, we observe a crossover in the nuclear spin statistics from a spin-1 quadrupolar to a spin-1/2 dipolar system, evidencing the loss of spin isomer distinction. These observations represent a unique case of a nuclear spin crossover phenomenon in quantum solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Dominique Laniel
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Miriam Pena-Alvarez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Trybel
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Alena Krupp
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jeroen Jacobs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Chen D, Gao W, Jiang Q. Distinguishing the Structures of High-Pressure Hydrides with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9439-9445. [PMID: 33108187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The structural characterization of high-pressure hydrides has encountered many difficulties mainly due to the weak X-ray scattering of hydrogen. Herein, we investigate the prospect of detecting the H3S and LaH10 structures with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our calculations demonstrate that the different candidate structures of H3S (or LaH10) exhibit significant differences in the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor of the 33S (or 139La) sites, indicating that the NMR spectroscopy can well capture the structural differences, even the small changes in the atomic position, and hence can be used to effectively probe the structures and the phase transitions of H3S and LaH10. Our results clarify the relationship between the structures and the EFG tensor parameters and provide a potential means to detect the structures of high-pressure hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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15
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Adachi Y, Koga K. Structure and phase behavior of high-density ice from molecular-dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF potential. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:114501. [PMID: 32962394 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of dense ice modeled by the reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential, focusing on the possibility of phase changes between crystalline and plastic phases as observed in earlier simulation studies with rigid water models. It is demonstrated that the present model system exhibits phase transitions, or crossovers, among ice VII and two plastic ices with face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice structures. The phase diagram derived from the ReaxFF potential is different from those of the rigid water models in that the bcc plastic phase lies on the high-pressure side of ice VII and does the fcc plastic phase on the low-pressure side of ice VII. The phase boundary between the fcc and bcc plastic phases on the pressure, temperature plane extends to the high-temperature region from the triple point of ice VII, fcc plastic, and bcc plastic phases. Proton hopping, i.e., delocalization of a proton, along between two neighboring oxygen atoms in dense ice is observed for the ReaxFF potential but only at pressures and temperatures both much higher than those at which ice VII-plastic ice transitions are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Adachi
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Koga
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Zhang J, Borrelli R, Tanimura Y. Proton tunneling in a two-dimensional potential energy surface with a non-linear system–bath interaction: Thermal suppression of reaction rate. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0010580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Raffaele Borrelli
- DISAFA, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract
Helmholtz energy of ice VII–X is determined in a pressure regime extending to 450 GPa at 300 K using local-basis-functions in the form of b-splines. The new representation for the equation of state is embedded in a physics-based inverse theory framework of parameter estimation. Selected pressures as a function of volume from 14 prior experimental studies and two theoretical studies constrain the behavior of Helmholtz energy. Separately measured bulk moduli, not used to construct the representation, are accurately replicated below about 20 GPa and above 60 GPa. In the intermediate range of pressure, the experimentally determined moduli are larger and have greater scatter than values predicted using the Helmholtz representation. Although systematic error in the determination of elastic moduli is possible and likely, the alternative hypothesis is a slow relaxation time associated with changes in proton mobility or the ice VII to X transition. A correlation is observed between anomalies in the pressure derivative of the predicted bulk modulus and previously suggested higher-order phase transitions. Improved determinations of elastic properties at high pressure would allow refinement of the current equation of state. More generally, the current method of data assimilation is broadly applicable to other materials in high-pressure studies and for investigations of planetary interiors.
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Meier T, Dwivedi AP, Khandarkhaeva S, Fedotenko T, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Table-top nuclear magnetic resonance system for high-pressure studies with in situ laser heating. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:123901. [PMID: 31893828 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High pressure Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is known to reveal the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. However, until now, significant maintenance demands, space requirements, and high costs of superconducting magnets render its application unfeasible for regular modern high pressure laboratories. Here, we present a table-top NMR system based on permanent Halbach magnet arrays with a diameter of 25 cm and height of 4 cm. At the highest field of 1013 mT, 1H-NMR spectra of ice VII have been recorded at 25 GPa and ambient temperature. The table-top NMR system can be used together with double sided laser heating setups. Feasibility of high-pressure high-temperature NMR was demonstrated by collecting 1H-NMR spectra of H2O at 25 GPa and 1063(50) K. The change in the signal intensity in a laser-heated NMR diamond anvil cell has been found to yield a convenient way for temperature measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meier
- Bavarian Geoinstitute, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bavarian Geoinstitute, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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19
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Band gap closure, incommensurability and molecular dissociation of dense chlorine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1134. [PMID: 30850606 PMCID: PMC6408506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatomic elemental solids are highly compressible due to the weak interactions between molecules. However, as the density increases the intra- and intermolecular distances become comparable, leading to a range of phenomena, such as structural transformation, molecular dissociation, amorphization, and metallisation. Here we report, following the crystallization of chlorine at 1.15(30) GPa into an ordered orthorhombic structure (oC8), the existence of a mixed-molecular structure (mC8, 130(10)-241(10) GPa) and the concomitant observation of a continuous band gap closure, indicative of a transformation into a metallic molecular form around 200(10) GPa. The onset of dissociation of chlorine is identified by the observation of the incommensurate structure (i-oF4) above 200(10) GPa, before finally adopting a monatomic form (oI2) above 256(10) GPa.
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Ikeda T. First principles isothermal-isobaric centroid molecular dynamics simulation of high pressure ices. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Meier T, Khandarkhaeva S, Petitgirard S, Körber T, Lauerer A, Rössler E, Dubrovinsky L. NMR at pressures up to 90 GPa. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 292:44-47. [PMID: 29778072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The past 15 years have seen an astonishing increase in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) sensitivity and accessible pressure range in high-pressure NMR experiments, owing to a series of new developments of NMR spectroscopy applied to the diamond anvil cell (DAC). Recently, with the application of electro-magnetic lenses, so-called Lenz lenses, in toroidal diamond indenter cells, pressures of up to 72 GPa with NMR spin sensitivities of about 1012 spin/Hz1/2 has been achieved. Here, we describe the implementation of a refined NMR resonator structure using a pair of double stage Lenz lenses driven by a Helmholtz coil within a standard DAC, allowing to measure sample volumes as small as 100 pl prior to compression. With this set-up, pressures close to 100 GPa could be realised repeatedly, with enhanced spin sensitivities of about 5 × 1011 spin/Hz1/2. The manufacturing and handling of these new NMR-DACs is relatively easy and straightforward, which will allow for further applications in physics, chemistry, or biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Saiana Khandarkhaeva
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sylvain Petitgirard
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Körber
- Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik, Experimentalphysik II, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Lauerer
- Institut für Materialwissenschaften, Hochschule Hof, Alfons-Goppel-Platz 1, 95028 Hof, Germany
| | - Ernst Rössler
- Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik, Experimentalphysik II, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth University, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Meier T. Journey to the centre of the Earth: Jules Vernes' dream in the laboratory from an NMR perspective. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 106-107:26-36. [PMID: 31047600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High pressure nuclear magnetic resonance is among the most challenging fields of research for NMR spectroscopists due to inherently low signal intensities, ultra-small samples that are barely accessible, and overall extremely harsh conditions in the sample cavity of modern high pressure vessels. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic of high pressure research and its fairly young and brief relationship with NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitt Bayreuth, Universittsstrae 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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