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Kizuka Y. Regulation of intracellular activity of N-glycan branching enzymes in mammals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107471. [PMID: 38879010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most proteins in the secretory pathway are glycosylated, and N-glycans are estimated to be attached to over 7000 proteins in humans. As structural variation of N-glycans critically regulates the functions of a particular glycoprotein, it is pivotal to understand how structural diversity of N-glycans is generated in cells. One of the major factors conferring structural variation of N-glycans is the variable number of N-acetylglucosamine branches. These branch structures are biosynthesized by dedicated glycosyltransferases, including GnT-III (MGAT3), GnT-IVa (MGAT4A), GnT-IVb (MGAT4B), GnT-V (MGAT5), and GnT-IX (GnT-Vb, MGAT5B). In addition, the presence or absence of core modification of N-glycans, namely, core fucose (included as an N-glycan branch in this manuscript), synthesized by FUT8, also confers large structural variation on N-glycans, thereby crucially regulating many protein-protein interactions. Numerous biochemical and medical studies have revealed that these branch structures are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the biosynthetic glycosyltransferases are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the previous findings and recent updates regarding regulation of the activity of these N-glycan branching enzymes. We hope that such information will help readers to develop a comprehensive overview of the complex system regulating mammalian N-glycan maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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2
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Yuasa H, Morino N, Wagatsuma T, Munekane M, Ueda S, Matsunaga M, Uchida Y, Katayama T, Katoh T, Kambe T. ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 play an integral role in protein N-glycosylation by supplying Zn 2+ to Golgi α-mannosidase II. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107378. [PMID: 38762179 PMCID: PMC11209640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The stepwise addition of monosaccharides to N-glycans attached to client proteins to generate a repertoire of mature proteins involves a concerted action of many glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Here, we report that Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII), a pivotal enzyme catalyzing the first step in the conversion of hybrid- to complex-type N-glycans, is activated by Zn2+ supplied by the early secretory compartment-resident ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers (ZNT5-6) and ZNT7 homodimers (ZNT7). Loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 function results in marked accumulation of hybrid-type and complex/hybrid glycans with concomitant reduction of complex- and high-mannose-type glycans. In cells lacking the ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 functions, the GMII activity is substantially decreased. In contrast, the activity of its homolog, lysosomal mannosidase (LAMAN), is not decreased. Moreover, we show that the growth of pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells lacking ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 is significantly decreased in a nude mouse xenograft model. Our results indicate the integral roles of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 in N-glycosylation and highlight their potential as novel target proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yuasa
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naho Morino
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ueda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayu Matsunaga
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Department of Molecular Systems Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Vermassen T, Lumen N, Van Praet C, Callewaert N, Delanghe J, Rottey S. The Association between Urine N-Glycome and Prognosis after Initial Therapy for Primary Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1039. [PMID: 38791001 PMCID: PMC11118943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Next to prostate-specific antigen, no biochemical biomarkers have been implemented to guide patient follow-up after primary therapy for localized prostate cancer (PCa). We evaluated the prognostic potential of urine N-glycome in terms of event-free survival (EFS) in patients undergoing primary therapy for PCa. The prognostic features of the urine N-glycosylation profile at diagnosis, assessed in 77 PCa patients, were determined in terms of EFS next to standard clinical parameters. The majority of patients were diagnosed with International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≤ 3 (82%) T1-2 tumors (79%) and without pelvic lymph node invasion (96%). The patients underwent active surveillance (14%), robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (48%), or external beam radiotherapy (37%). Decreased ratios of biantennary core-fucosylation were noted in patients who developed an event, which was linked to a shorter EFS in both the intention-to-treat cohort and all subcohort analyses. Combining the urine N-glycan biomarker with the D'Amico Risk Classification for PCa resulted in an improved nomogram for patient classification after primary therapy. The rate of urine N-glycan biantennary core-fucosylation, typically linked to more aggressive disease status, is lower in patients who eventually developed an event following primary therapy and subsequently in patients with a worse EFS. The combination of urine N-glycan biomarkers together with clinical parameters could, therefore, improve the post-therapy follow-up of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl Vermassen
- Department Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Department Basic and Applied Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Urology (ERN eUROGEN Accredited Centre), Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Department Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Van Praet
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Urology (ERN eUROGEN Accredited Centre), Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Department Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Biomarkers in Cancer, Department Basic and Applied Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Okada T, Teramoto T, Ihara H, Ikeda Y, Kakuta Y. Crystal structure of mango α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferase elucidates unique elements that regulate Lewis A-dominant oligosaccharide assembly. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae015. [PMID: 38376259 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In various organisms, α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferases (CAZy GT10 family enzymes) mediate the assembly of type I (Galβ1,3GlcNAc) and/or type II (Galβ1,4GlcNAc)-based Lewis structures that are widely distributed in glycoconjugates. Unlike enzymes of other species, plant orthologues show little fucosyltransferase activity for type II-based glycans and predominantly catalyze the assembly of the Lewis A structure [Galβ1,3(Fucα1,4)GlcNAc] on the type I disaccharide unit of their substrates. However, the structural basis underlying this unique substrate selectivity remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the structure-function relationship of MiFUT13A, a mango α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferase. The prepared MiFUT13A displayed distinct α1,4-fucosyltransferase activity. Consistent with the enzymatic properties of this molecule, X-ray crystallography revealed that this enzyme has a typical GT-B fold-type structure containing a set of residues that are responsible for its SN2-like catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking analyses proposed a rational binding mechanism for type I oligosaccharides. Within the catalytic cleft, the pocket surrounding Trp121 serves as a binding site, anchoring the non-reducing terminal β1,3-galactose that belongs to the type I disaccharide unit. Furthermore, Glu177 was postulated to function as a general base catalyst through its interaction with the 4-hydroxy group of the acceptor N-acetylglucosamine residue. Adjacent residues, specifically Thr120, Thr157 and Asp175 were speculated to assist in binding of the reducing terminal residues. Intriguingly, these structural elements were not fully conserved in mammalian orthologue which also shows predominant α1,4-fucosyltransferase activity. In conclusion, we have proposed that MiFUT13A generates the Lewis A structure on type I glycans through a distinct mechanism, divergent from that of mammalian enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okada
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takamasa Teramoto
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ihara
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Hashimoto U, Fujitani N, Uehara Y, Okamoto H, Saitou A, Ito F, Ariki S, Shiratsuchi A, Hasegawa Y, Takahashi M. N-glycan on N262 of FGFR3 regulates the intracellular localization and phosphorylation of the receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130565. [PMID: 38244702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
N-glycosylation and proper processing of N-glycans are required for the function of membrane proteins including cell surface receptors. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is involved in a wide variety of biological processes including embryonic development, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Human FGFR3 contains six potential N-glycosylation sites, however, the roles of glycosylation have not been elucidated. The site-specific profiles of N-glycans of the FGFR3 extracellular domain expressed and secreted by CHO-K1 cells were examined, and glycan occupancies and structures of four sites were determined. The results indicated that most sites were fully occupied by glycans, and the dominant populations were the complex type. By examining single N-glycan deletion mutants of FGFR3, it was found that N262Q mutation significantly increased the population with oligomannose-type N-glycans, which was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Protein stability assay suggested that fraction with oligomannose-type N-glycans in the N262Q mutant is more stable than those in the wild type and other mutants. Furthermore, it was found that ligand-independent phosphorylation was significantly upregulated in N262Q mutants with complex type N-glycans. The findings suggest that N-glycans on N262 of FGFR3 affect the intracellular localization and phosphorylation status of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saitou
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Tjader NP, Beer AJ, Ramroop J, Tai MC, Ping J, Gandhi T, Dauch C, Neuhausen SL, Ziv E, Sotelo N, Ghanekar S, Meadows O, Paredes M, Gillespie J, Aeilts A, Hampel H, Zheng W, Jia G, Hu Q, Wei L, Liu S, Ambrosone CB, Palmer JR, Carpten JD, Yao S, Stevens P, Ho WK, Pan JW, Fadda P, Huo D, Teo SH, McElroy JP, Toland AE. Association of ESR1 germline variants with TP53 somatic variants in breast tumors in a genome-wide study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299442. [PMID: 38106140 PMCID: PMC10723566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background In breast tumors, somatic mutation frequencies in TP53 and PIK3CA vary by tumor subtype and ancestry. HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a higher frequency of TP53 somatic mutations than other subtypes. PIK3CA mutations are more frequently observed in hormone receptor positive tumors. Emerging data suggest tumor mutation status is associated with germline variants and genetic ancestry. We aimed to identify germline variants that are associated with somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status in breast tumors. Methods A genome-wide association study was conducted using breast cancer mutation status of TP53 and PIK3CA and functional mutation categories including TP53 gain of function (GOF) and loss of function mutations and PIK3CA activating/hotspot mutations. The discovery analysis consisted of 2850 European ancestry women from three datasets. Germline variants showing evidence of association with somatic mutations were selected for validation analyses based on predicted function, allele frequency, and proximity to known cancer genes or risk loci. Candidate variants were assessed for association with mutation status in a multi-ancestry validation study, a Malaysian study, and a study of African American/Black women with TNBC. Results The discovery Germline x Mutation (GxM) association study found five variants associated with one or more TP53 phenotypes with P values <1×10-6, 33 variants associated with one or more TP53 phenotypes with P values <1×10-5, and 44 variants associated with one or more PIK3CA phenotypes with P values <1×10-5. In the multi-ancestry and Malaysian validation studies, germline ESR1 locus variant, rs9383938, was associated with the presence of TP53 mutations overall (P values 6.8×10-5 and 9.8×10-8, respectively) and TP53 GOF mutations (P value 8.4×10-6). Multiple variants showed suggestive evidence of association with PIK3CA mutation status in the validation studies, but none were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions We found evidence that germline variants were associated with TP53 and PIK3CA mutation status in breast cancers. Variants near the estrogen receptor alpha gene, ESR1, were significantly associated with overall TP53 mutations and GOF mutations. Larger multi-ancestry studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if these variants contribute to ancestry-specific differences in mutation frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijole P. Tjader
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abigail J. Beer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johnny Ramroop
- The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mei-Chee Tai
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Tanish Gandhi
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cara Dauch
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Clinical Trials Office, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- University of California, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Institute for Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nereida Sotelo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shreya Ghanekar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Owen Meadows
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Monica Paredes
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Gillespie
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Guochong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D. Carpten
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Translational Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weang-Kee Ho
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia
| | - Jia Wern Pan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Paolo Fadda
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Genomics Shared Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Paul McElroy
- The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Osuka RF, Nagae M, Ohuchi A, Ohno S, Yamaguchi Y, Kizuka Y. The cancer-associated glycosyltransferase GnT-V (MGAT5) recognizes the N-glycan core via residues outside its catalytic pocket. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:3102-3113. [PMID: 37974463 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V or MGAT5) is a glycosyltransferase involved in cancer metastasis that creates the β1,6-branch on N-glycans of target proteins such as cell adhesion molecules and cell surface receptors. The 3D structure of GnT-V and its catalytic site, which are critical for the interaction with the N-glycan terminal, have already been revealed. However, it remains unclear how GnT-V recognizes the core part of N-glycan or the polypeptide part of the acceptor. Using molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical experiments, we found that several residues outside the catalytic pocket are likely involved in the recognition of the core part of N-glycan. Furthermore, our simulation suggested that UDP binding affects the orientation of the acceptor due to the conformational change at the Manα1,6-Man linkage. These findings provide new insights into how GnT-V recognizes its glycoprotein substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina F Osuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akito Ohuchi
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiho Ohno
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Japan
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8
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Gorman H, Moreau F, Dufour A, Chadee K. IgGFc-binding protein and MUC2 mucin produced by colonic goblet-like cells spatially interact non-covalently and regulate wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211336. [PMID: 37359538 PMCID: PMC10285406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic mucus bilayer is the first line of innate host defense that at the same time houses and nourishes the commensal microbiota. The major components of mucus secreted by goblet cells are MUC2 mucin and the mucus-associated protein, FCGBP (IgGFc-binding protein). In this study, we determine if FCGBP and MUC2 mucin were biosynthesized and interacted together to spatially enhance the structural integrity of secreted mucus and its role in epithelial barrier function. MUC2 and FCGBP were coordinately regulated temporally in goblet-like cells and in response to a mucus secretagogue but not in CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited MUC2 KO cells. Whereas ~85% of MUC2 was colocalized with FCGBP in mucin granules, ~50% of FCGBP was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of goblet-like cells. STRING-db v11 analysis of the mucin granule proteome revealed no protein-protein interaction between MUC2 and FCGBP. However, FCGBP interacted with other mucus-associated proteins. FCGBP and MUC2 interacted via N-linked glycans and were non-covalently bound in secreted mucus with cleaved low molecular weight FCGBP fragments. In MUC2 KO, cytoplasmic FCGBP was significantly increased and diffusely distributed in wounded cells that healed by enhanced proliferation and migration within 2 days, whereas, in WT cells, MUC2 and FCGBP were highly polarized at the wound margin which impeded wound closure by 6 days. In DSS colitis, restitution and healed lesions in Muc2+/+ but not Muc2-/- littermates, were accompanied by a rapid increase in Fcgbp mRNA and delayed protein expression at 12- and 15-days post DSS, implicating a potential novel endogenous protective role for FCGBP in wound healing to maintain epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Gorman
- Department of Microbiology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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9
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Yue J, Huang R, Lan Z, Xiao B, Luo Z. Abnormal glycosylation in glioma: related changes in biology, biomarkers and targeted therapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:54. [PMID: 37231524 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a rapidly growing and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system that can diffusely invade the brain tissue around, and the prognosis of patients is not significantly improved by traditional treatments. One of the most general posttranslational modifications of proteins is glycosylation, and the abnormal distribution of this modification in gliomas may shed light on how it affects biological behaviors of glioma cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, which may be produced by regulating protein function, cell-matrix and cell‒cell interactions, and affecting receptor downstream pathways. In this paper, from the perspective of regulating protein glycosylation changes and abnormal expression of glycosylation-related proteins (such as glycosyltransferases in gliomas), we summarize how glycosylation may play a crucial role in the discovery of novel biomarkers and new targeted treatment options for gliomas. Overall, the mechanistic basis of abnormal glycosylation affecting glioma progression remains to be more widely and deeply explored, which not only helps to inspire researchers to further explore related diagnostic and prognostic markers but also provides ideas for discovering effective treatment strategies and improving glioma patient survival and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Roujie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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10
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Wilczak M, Surman M, Przybyło M. Altered Glycosylation in Progression and Management of Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083436. [PMID: 37110670 PMCID: PMC10146225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Available therapeutic approaches are still unable to reduce the incidence of BC metastasis and the high mortality rates of BC patients. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One such mechanism is protein glycosylation. Numerous studies reported changes in glycan biosynthesis during neoplastic transformation, resulting in the appearance of the so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the cell surface. TACAs affect a wide range of key biological processes, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induction of chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and insensitivity to apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current information on how altered glycosylation of bladder cancer cells promotes disease progression and to present the potential use of glycans for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Antonarelli G, Pieri V, Porta FM, Fusco N, Finocchiaro G, Curigliano G, Criscitiello C. Targeting Post-Translational Modifications to Improve Combinatorial Therapies in Breast Cancer: The Role of Fucosylation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060840. [PMID: 36980181 PMCID: PMC10047715 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various tumors rely on post-translational modifications (PTMs) to promote invasiveness and angiogenesis and to reprogram cellular energetics to abate anti-cancer immunity. Among PTMs, fucosylation is a particular type of glycosylation that has been linked to different aspects of immune and hormonal physiological functions as well as hijacked by many types of tumors. Multiple tumors, including breast cancer, have been linked to dismal prognoses and increased metastatic potential due to fucosylation of the glycan core, namely core-fucosylation. Pre-clinical studies have examined the molecular mechanisms regulating core-fucosylation in breast cancer models, its negative prognostic value across multiple disease stages, and the activity of in vivo pharmacological inhibition, instructing combinatorial therapies and translation into clinical practice. Throughout this review, we describe the role of fucosylation in solid tumors, with a particular focus on breast cancer, as well as physiologic conditions on the immune system and hormones, providing a view into its potential as a biomarker for predicating or predicting cancer outcomes, as well as a potential clinical actionability as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pieri
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Porta
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Alvarez MRS, Grijaldo SJB, Nacario RC, Rabajante JF, Heralde FM, Lebrilla CB, Completo GC. In silico screening-based discovery of inhibitors against glycosylation proteins dysregulated in cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1540-1552. [PMID: 34989310 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2022534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of aberrant glycans is an under-utilized strategy in discovering potential inhibitors or drugs against cancer. The formation of cancer-associated glycans is mainly due to the dysregulated expression of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which play crucial roles in maintaining cellular structure and function. We screened a database of more than 14,000 compounds consisting of natural products and drugs for inhibition against four glycosylation enzymes - Alpha1-6FucT, ST6Gal1, ERMan1, and GlcNAcT-V. The top inhibitors identified against each enzyme were subsequently analyzed for potential binding against all four enzymes. In silico screening results show several promising candidates that could potentially inhibit all four enzymes: (1) Amb20622156 (demethylwedelolactone) [ERMan1: -9.3 kcal/mol; Alpha1-6FucT: -7.3 kcal/mol; ST6Gal1: -8.4 kcal/mol; GlcNAcT-V: -7.2 kcal/mol], (2) Amb22173588 (1,2-dihydrotanshinone I) [ERMan1: -9.3 kcal/mol; Alpha1-6FucT: -6.1 kcal/mol; ST6Gal1: -9.2 kcal/mol; GlcNAcT-V: -7.9 kcal/mol], and (3) Amb22173591 (tanshinol B) [ERMan1: -9.3 kcal/mol; Alpha1-6FucT: -6.0 kcal/mol; ST6Gal1: -9.8 kcal/mol; GlcNAcT-V: -7.7 kcal/mol]. Drug-enzyme active site residue interaction analyses show that the putative inhibitors form non-covalent bonding interactions with key active site residues in each enzyme, suggesting critical target residues in the four enzymes' active sites. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic property prediction analysis using pkCSM indicates that all of these inhibitors have good ADMETox properties (i.e., log P < 5, Caco-2 permeability > 0.90, intestinal absorption > 30%, skin permeability>-2.5, CNS permeability <-3, maximum tolerated dose < 0.477, minnow toxicity<-0.3). The in silico docking approach to glycosylation enzyme inhibitor prediction could help guide and streamline the discovery of novel inhibitors against enzymes involved in aberrant protein glycosylation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Russelle S Alvarez
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.,College of Arts and Sciences, Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines
| | - Sheryl Joyce B Grijaldo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ruel C Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jomar F Rabajante
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Francisco M Heralde
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gladys C Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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13
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de-Souza-Ferreira M, Ferreira ÉE, de-Freitas-Junior JCM. Aberrant N-glycosylation in cancer: MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans as critical regulators of tumor development and progression. Cell Oncol 2023; 46:481-501. [PMID: 36689079 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in protein glycosylation are widely observed in tumor cells. N-glycan branching through adding β1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) to an α1,6-linked mannose, which is catalyzed by the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5 or GnT-V), is one of the most frequently observed tumor-associated glycan structure formed. Increased levels of this branching structure play a pro-tumoral role in various ways, for example, through the stabilization of growth factor receptors, the destabilization of intercellular adhesion, or the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive summary of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans, including their regulatory mechanisms. Specific emphasis is given to the role of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans in cellular mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of solid tumors. We also provide insight into possible future clinical implications, such as the use of MGAT5 as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de-Souza-Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Érika Elias Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Madureira de-Freitas-Junior
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.
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14
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The Blessed Union of Glycobiology and Immunology: A Marriage That Worked. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:medicines10020015. [PMID: 36827215 PMCID: PMC9967969 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the main aspects regarding the recognition of cell surface glycoconjugates and the immunomodulation of responses against the progression of certain pathologies, such as cancer and infectious diseases. In the first part, we talk about different aspects of glycoconjugates and delve deeper into the importance of N-glycans in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we describe two important lectin families that have been very well studied in the last 20 years. Examples include the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), and galectins. Finally, we discuss a topic that needs to be better addressed in the field of glycoimmunology: the impact of oncofetal antigens on the cells of the immune system. New findings in this area are of great importance for advancement, especially in the field of oncology, since it is already known that cellular interactions mediated by carbohydrate-carbohydrate and/or carbohydrate proteins are able to modulate the progression of different types of cancer in events that compromise the functionality of the immune responses.
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15
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Shedding of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V is regulated by maturity of cellular N-glycan. Commun Biol 2022; 5:743. [PMID: 35915223 PMCID: PMC9343384 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of N-glycan branches on glycoproteins is closely related to the development and aggravation of various diseases. Dysregulated formation of the branch produced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V, also called as MGAT5) promotes cancer growth and malignancy. However, it is largely unknown how the activity of GnT-V in cells is regulated. Here, we discover that the activity of GnT-V in cells is selectively upregulated by changing cellular N-glycans from mature to immature forms. Our glycomic analysis further shows that loss of terminal modifications of N-glycans resulted in an increase in the amount of the GnT-V-produced branch. Mechanistically, shedding (cleavage and extracellular secretion) of GnT-V mediated by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) protease is greatly inhibited by blocking maturation of cellular N-glycans, resulting in an increased level of GnT-V protein in cells. Alteration of cellular N-glycans hardly impairs expression or localization of SPPL3; instead, SPPL3-mediated shedding of GnT-V is shown to be regulated by N-glycans on GnT-V, suggesting that the level of GnT-V cleavage is regulated by its own N-glycan structures. These findings shed light on a mechanism of secretion-based regulation of GnT-V activity. Cleavage of the glycan-branching enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) protease and extracellular secretion of active glycan GnT-V depend on GnT-V’s own glycosylation state.
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16
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A roadmap for translational cancer glycoimmunology at single cell resolution. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:143. [PMID: 35428302 PMCID: PMC9013178 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade immune responses by exploiting inhibitory immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies based on anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have been extensively explored over the recent years to unleash otherwise compromised anti-cancer immune responses. However, it is also well established that immune suppression is a multifactorial process involving an intricate crosstalk between cancer cells and the immune systems. The cancer glycome is emerging as a relevant source of immune checkpoints governing immunosuppressive behaviour in immune cells, paving an avenue for novel immunotherapeutic options. This review addresses the current state-of-the-art concerning the role played by glycans controlling innate and adaptive immune responses, while shedding light on available experimental models for glycoimmunology. We also emphasize the tremendous progress observed in the development of humanized models for immunology, the paramount contribution of advances in high-throughput single-cell analysis in this context, and the importance of including predictive machine learning algorithms in translational research. This may constitute an important roadmap for glycoimmunology, supporting careful adoption of models foreseeing clinical translation of fundamental glycobiology knowledge towards next generation immunotherapies.
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17
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N-Linked Glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Is Critical for Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314952. [PMID: 36499281 PMCID: PMC9735751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteins carrying N-glycans play important roles in inter- and intracellular processes including cell adhesion, development, and cellular recognition. Dysregulation of the glycosylation machinery has been implicated in various diseases, and investigation of global differential cell surface proteome effects due to the loss of N-glycosylation will provide comprehensive insights into their pathogenesis. Cell surface proteins isolated from Parent Pro-5 CHO cells (W5 cells), two CHO mutants with loss of N-glycosylation function derived from Pro-5 CHO (Lec1 and Lec4 cells), were subjected to proteome analysis via high-resolution LCMS. We identified 44 and 43 differentially expressed membrane proteins in Lec1 and Lec4 cells, respectively, as compared to W5 cells. The defective N-glycosylation mutants showed increased abundance of integrin subunits in Lec1 and Lec4 cells at the cell surface. We also found significantly reduced levels of IGF-1R (Insulin like growth factor-1 receptor); a receptor tyrosine kinase; and the GTPase activating protein IQGAP1 (IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein), a highly conserved cytoplasmic scaffold protein) in Lec1 and Lec4 cells. In silico docking studies showed that the IQ domain of IQGAP1 interacts with the kinase domain of IGF-1R. The integrin signaling and insulin growth factor receptor signaling were also enriched according to GSEA analysis and pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Significant reductions of phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 in Lec1 and Lec4 cells were observed upon IGF-1R ligand (IGF-1 LR3) stimulation. IGF-1 LR3, known as Long arginine3-IGF-1, is a synthetic protein and lengthened analog of insulin-like growth factor 1. The work suggests a novel mechanism for the activation of IGF-1 dependent ERK signaling in CHO cells, wherein IQGAP1 plausibly functions as an IGF-1R-associated scaffold protein. Appropriate glycosylation by the enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT5 is thus essential for processing of cell surface receptor IGF-1R, a potential binding partner in IQGAP1 and ERK signaling, the integral components of the IGF pathway.
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18
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Oka N, Mori S, Ikegaya M, Park EY, Miyazaki T. Crystal structure and sugar-binding ability of the C-terminal domain of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV establish a new carbohydrate-binding module family. Glycobiology 2022; 32:1153-1163. [PMID: 36106687 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are modified by glycosyltransferases in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV (GnT-IV) is a Golgi-localized glycosyltransferase that synthesizes complex-type N-glycans in vertebrates. This enzyme attaches N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the α-1,3-linked mannose branch of the N-glycan core structure via a β-1,4 linkage. Deficiency of this enzyme is known to cause abnormal cellular functions, making it a vital enzyme for living organisms. However, there has been no report on its 3-dimensional structure to date. Here, we demonstrated that the C-terminal regions (named CBML) of human GnT-IVa and Bombyx mori ortholog have the ability to bind β-N-acetylglucosamine. In addition, we determined the crystal structures of human CBML, B. mori CBML, and its complex with β-GlcNAc at 1.97, 1.47, and 1.15 Å resolutions, respectively, and showed that they adopt a β-sandwich fold, similar to carbohydrate-binding module family 32 (CBM32) proteins. The regions homologous to CBML (≥24% identity) were found in GnT-IV isozymes, GnT-IVb, and GnT-IVc (known as GnT-VI), and the structure of B. mori CBML in complex with β-GlcNAc indicated that the GlcNAc-binding residues were highly conserved among these isozymes. These residues are also conserved with the GlcNAc-binding CBM32 domain of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase NagH from Clostridium perfringens despite the low sequence identity (<20%). Taken together with the phylogenetic analysis, these findings indicate that these CBMLs may be novel CBM family proteins with GlcNAc-binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Oka
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sota Mori
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Marina Ikegaya
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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19
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Mohammed NBB, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Haslam SM, Dimitroff CJ. The pleiotropic role of galectin-3 in melanoma progression: Unraveling the enigma. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:157-193. [PMID: 36725108 PMCID: PMC9895887 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with poor outcomes associated with distant metastasis. Intrinsic properties of melanoma cells alongside the crosstalk between melanoma cells and surrounding microenvironment determine the tumor behavior. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a ß-galactoside-binding lectin, has emerged as a major effector in cancer progression, including melanoma behavior. Data from melanoma models and patient studies reveal that Gal-3 expression is dysregulated, both intracellularly and extracellularly, throughout the stages of melanoma progression. This review summarizes the most recent data and hypotheses on Gal-3 and its tumor-modulating functions, highlighting its role in driving melanoma growth, invasion, and metastatic colonization. It also provides insight into potential Gal-3-targeted strategies for melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan B B Mohammed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU (TGIF), Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU (TGIF), Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
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20
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Discovery of a lectin domain that regulates enzyme activity in mouse N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (MGAT4A). Commun Biol 2022; 5:695. [PMID: 35854001 PMCID: PMC9296478 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification, and the number of GlcNAc branches in N-glycans impacts glycoprotein functions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (GnT-IVa, also designated as MGAT4A) forms a β1-4 GlcNAc branch on the α1-3 mannose arm in N-glycans. Downregulation or loss of GnT-IVa causes diabetic phenotypes by dysregulating glucose transporter-2 in pancreatic β-cells. Despite the physiological importance of GnT-IVa, its structure and catalytic mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we identify the lectin domain in mouse GnT-IVa's C-terminal region. The crystal structure of the lectin domain shows structural similarity to a bacterial GlcNAc-binding lectin. Comprehensive glycan binding assay using 157 glycans and solution NMR reveal that the GnT-IVa lectin domain selectively interacts with the product N-glycans having a β1-4 GlcNAc branch. Point mutation of the residue critical to sugar recognition impairs the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the lectin domain is a regulatory subunit for efficient catalytic reaction. Our findings provide insights into how branching structures of N-glycans are biosynthesized.
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21
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An Integrated Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycomics-Driven Glycoproteomics Analytical Platform to Functionally Characterize Glycosylation Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123834. [PMID: 35744954 PMCID: PMC9228227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is linked to aberrant protein glycosylation due to the overexpression of several glycosylation enzymes. These enzymes are underexploited as potential anticancer drug targets and the development of rapid-screening methods and identification of glycosylation inhibitors are highly sought. An integrated bioinformatics and mass spectrometry-based glycomics-driven glycoproteomics analysis pipeline was performed to identify an N-glycan inhibitor against lung cancer cells. Combined network pharmacology and in silico screening approaches were used to identify a potential inhibitor, pictilisib, against several glycosylation-related proteins, such as Alpha1-6FucT, GlcNAcT-V, and Alpha2,6-ST-I. A glycomics assay of lung cancer cells treated with pictilisib showed a significant reduction in the fucosylation and sialylation of N-glycans, with an increase in high mannose-type glycans. Proteomics analysis and in vitro assays also showed significant upregulation of the proteins involved in apoptosis and cell adhesion, and the downregulation of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, mRNA processing, and protein translation. Site-specific glycoproteomics analysis further showed that glycoproteins with reduced fucosylation and sialylation were involved in apoptosis, cell adhesion, DNA damage repair, and chemical response processes. To determine how the alterations in N-glycosylation impact glycoprotein dynamics, modeling of changes in glycan interactions of the ITGA5-ITGB1 (Integrin alpha 5-Integrin beta-1) complex revealed specific glycosites at the interface of these proteins that, when highly fucosylated and sialylated, such as in untreated A549 cells, form greater hydrogen bonding interactions compared to the high mannose-types in pictilisib-treated A549 cells. This study highlights the use of mass spectrometry to identify a potential glycosylation inhibitor and assessment of its impact on cell surface glycoprotein abundance and protein-protein interaction.
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22
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Vibhute AM, Tanaka HN, Mishra SK, Osuka RF, Nagae M, Yonekawa C, Korekane H, Doerksen RJ, Ando H, Kizuka Y. Structure-based design of UDP-GlcNAc analogs as candidate GnT-V inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130118. [PMID: 35248671 PMCID: PMC9947920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Glycan branching regulates various functions of glycoproteins. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) is a GlcNAc transferase that acts on N-glycans and the GnT-V-producing branch is highly related to cancer progression. This indicates that specific GnT-V inhibitors may be drug candidates for cancer treatment. To design novel GnT-V inhibitors, we focused on the unique and weak recognition of the donor substrate UDP-GlcNAc by GnT-V. On the basis of the catalytic pocket structure, we hypothesized that UDP-GlcNAc analogs with increasing hydrophobicity may be GnT-V inhibitors. METHODS We chemically synthesized 10 UDP-GlcNAc analogs in which one or two phosphate groups were replaced with hydrophobic groups. To test these compounds, we set up an HPLC-based enzyme assay system for all N-glycan-branching GlcNAc transferases in which GnT-I-V activity was measured using purified truncated enzymes. Using this system, we assessed the inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds on GnT-V and their specificity. RESULTS Several UDP-GlcNAc analogs inhibited GnT-V activity, although the inhibition potency was modest. Compared with other GnTs, these compounds showed a preference for GnT-V, which suggested that GnT-V was relatively tolerant of hydrophobicity in the donor substrate. Docking models of the inhibitory compounds with GnT-V suggested the mechanisms of how these compounds interacted with GnT-V and inhibited its action. CONCLUSIONS Chemical modification of the donor substrate may be a promising strategy to develop selective inhibitors of GnT-V. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide new insights into the design of GnT inhibitors and how GnTs recognize the donor substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M. Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan,Corresponding authors Hidenori Tanaka, Ph.D., , Tel: +81-58-293-3451, Fax: +81-58-293-3452, Yasuhiko Kizuka, Ph.D., , Tel: +81-58-293-3356, Fax: +81-58-293-3209
| | - Sushil K. Mishra
- Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Reina F. Osuka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chizuko Yonekawa
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Korekane
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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23
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Ikeda-Yorifuji I, Tsujioka H, Sakata Y, Yamashita T. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified cells with ependymal cell-like features enriched in neonatal mice after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Res 2022; 181:22-38. [PMID: 35452717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nervous system has limited regenerative ability, and spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes lifelong motor disability. While regeneration is limited in adults, injured spinal cord tissue can be regenerated and neural function can be almost completely restored in neonates. However, difference of cellular composition in lesion has not been well characterized. To gain insight into the age-dependent cellular reaction after SCI, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing, analyzing 4,076 nuclei from sham and injured spinal cords from adult and neonatal mice. Clustering analysis identified 18 cell populations. We identified previously undescribed cells with ependymal cell-like gene expression profile, the number of which was increased in neonates after SCI. Histological analysis revealed that these cells line the central canal under physiological conditions in both adults and neonates. We confirmed that they were enriched in the lesion only in neonates. We further showed that these cells were positive for the cellular markers of ependymal cells, astrocytes and radial glial cells. This study provides a deeper understanding of neonate-specific cellular responses after SCI, which may determine regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyo Ikeda-Yorifuji
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujioka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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24
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Hirata T, Takekiyo T, Yoshimura Y, Tokoro Y, Ishizaki T, Kizuka Y, Kuroda K. Cryostorage of unstable N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V by synthetic zwitterions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11628-11631. [PMID: 35481097 PMCID: PMC9016413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report biocompatible materials for cryostorage of unstable proteins such as cancer-related enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V). GnT-V activity and the amount of protein after freezing were better retained in synthetic zwitterion solutions than in the glycerol solution. This study highlights the potential utility of synthetic zwitterions as novel cryoprotectants. We report biocompatible materials for cryostorage of unstable proteins such as cancer-related enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirata
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University Gifu Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Takahiro Takekiyo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Yuko Tokoro
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University Gifu Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Takeru Ishizaki
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University Gifu Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kuroda
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan .,NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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25
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Loponte HF, Oliveira IA, Rodrigues BC, Nunes-da-Fonseca R, Mohana-Borges R, Alisson-Silva F, Dias WB, Todeschini AR. Hyperglycemia alters N-glycans on colon cancer cells through increased production of activated monosaccharides. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:663-675. [PMID: 35380345 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is both, correlated and a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides favoring the incidence of CRC, DM also accelerates its progression, worsening its prognosis. Previously, hyperglycemia, the DM hallmark, has been shown to lead to aberrant glycosylation of CRC cells, heightening their malignancy both in vivo and in vitro. Here we use mass spectrometry to elucidate the composition and putative structures of N-glycans expressed by MC38 cultured in normoglycemic (LG) and hyperglycemic-like conditions (HG). N-glycans, 67, were identified in MC38 cells cultured in LG and HG. The cells grown in HG showed a greater abundance of N-glycans when compared to LNG cells, without changes in the proportion of sialylated, fucosylated and mannosylated N-glycans. Among the identified N-glycans, 16 were differentially expressed, mostly mannosylated and fucosylated, with a minority of them being sialylated. Metabolomics analysis indicates that the alterations observed in the N-glycosylation may be mostly due to increase of the activated monosaccharides pool, through an increased glucose entrance into the cells. The alterations found here corroborate data from the literature regarding the progression of CRC, advocating for development or repositioning of effective treatments against CRC in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Loponte
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B C Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27965‑550, Macaé, Brazil
| | - R Nunes-da-Fonseca
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27965‑550, Macaé, Brazil
| | - R Mohana-Borges
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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26
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Resistance to cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells: effects on the glycophenotype and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:247-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V requires a specific noncatalytic luminal domain for its activity toward glycoprotein substrates. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101666. [PMID: 35104505 PMCID: PMC8889256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V or MGAT5) catalyzes the formation of an N-glycan β1,6-GlcNAc branch on selective target proteins in the Golgi apparatus and is involved in cancer malignancy and autoimmune disease etiology. Several three-dimensional structures of GnT-V were recently solved, and the recognition mechanism of the oligosaccharide substrate was clarified. However, it is still unclear how GnT-V selectively acts on glycoprotein substrates. In this study, we focused on an uncharacterized domain at the N-terminal side of the luminal region (N domain) of GnT-V, which was previously identified in a crystal structure, and aimed to reveal its role in GnT-V action. Using lectin blotting and fluorescence assisted cell sorting analysis, we found that a GnT-VΔN mutant lacking the N domain showed impaired biosynthetic activity in cells, indicating that the N domain is required for efficient glycosylation. To clarify this mechanism, we measured the in vitro activity of purified GnT-VΔN toward various kinds of substrates (oligosaccharide, glycohexapeptide, and glycoprotein) using HPLC and a UDP-Glo assay. Surprisingly, GnT-VΔN showed substantially reduced activity toward the glycoprotein substrates, whereas it almost fully maintained its activity toward the oligosaccharides and the glycopeptide substrates. Finally, docking models of GnT-V with substrate glycoproteins suggested that the N domain could interact with the substrate polypeptide directly. Our findings suggest that the N domain of GnT-V plays a critical role in the recognition of glycoprotein substrates, providing new insights into the mechanism of substrate-selective biosynthesis of N-glycans.
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28
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Coines J, Cuxart I, Teze D, Rovira C. Computer Simulation to Rationalize “Rational” Engineering of Glycoside Hydrolases and Glycosyltransferases. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:802-812. [PMID: 35073079 PMCID: PMC8819650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Glycoside hydrolases
and glycosyltransferases are the main classes
of enzymes that synthesize and degrade carbohydrates, molecules essential
to life that are a challenge for classical chemistry. As such, considerable
efforts have been made to engineer these enzymes and make them pliable
to human needs, ranging from directed evolution to rational design,
including mechanism engineering. Such endeavors fall short and are
unreported in numerous cases, while even success is a necessary but
not sufficient proof that the chemical rationale behind the design
is correct. Here we review some of the recent work in CAZyme mechanism
engineering, showing that computational simulations are instrumental
to rationalize experimental data, providing mechanistic insight into
how native and engineered CAZymes catalyze chemical reactions. We
illustrate this with two recent studies in which (i) a glycoside hydrolase
is converted into a glycoside phosphorylase and (ii) substrate specificity
of a glycosyltransferase is engineered toward forming O-, N-, or S-glycosidic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Coines
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Irene Cuxart
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - David Teze
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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29
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Tvaroška I. Glycosyltransferases as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammation: molecular modeling insights. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Choi Y, Kim J, Chae J, Hong J, Park J, Jeong E, Kim H, Tanaka M, Okochi M, Choi J. Surface glycan targeting for cancer nano-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:321-336. [PMID: 34998918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Most of the immunotherapeutics approved by the FDA regulate the innate immune system and associated immune cell activity, with immune check inhibitors in particular having transformed the field of cancer immunotherapy due to their significant clinical potential. However, previously reported immunotherapeutics have exhibited undesirable side effects, including autoimmune toxicity and inflammation. Controlling these deleterious responses and designing therapeutics that can precisely target specific regions are thus crucial to improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Recent studies have reported that cancer cells employ glycan-immune checkpoint interactions to modulate immune cell activity. Thus, the recognition of cancer glycan moieties such as sialoglycans may improve the anticancer activity of immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in cancer immunotherapies involving glycans and glycan-targeting technologies based on nanomaterial-assisted local delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Chae
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohye Hong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjun Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-24, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-24, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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OUP accepted manuscript. Glycobiology 2022; 32:588-599. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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32
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Zhang W, Yang Z, Gao X, Wu Q. Advances in the discovery of novel biomarkers for cancer: spotlight on protein N-glycosylation. Biomark Med 2021; 14:1031-1045. [PMID: 32940073 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress on glycosylation and tumor markers has not been extensively reported. Glycosylation plays an important part in post-translational modification. Previous research on glycosylation-modified biomarkers has lagged behind due to insufficient understanding of glycosylation-related regulations. However, some new methods and ideas illustrated in recent research may provide new inspirations in the field. This article aims to review current advances in revealing relationship between tumors and abnormal N-glycosylation and discuss leading-edge applications of N-glycosylation in developing novel tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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33
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Peptide Sequence Mapping around Bisecting GlcNAc-Bearing N-Glycans in Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168579. [PMID: 34445285 PMCID: PMC8395275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is essential for many biological processes in mammals. A variety of N-glycan structures exist, of which, the formation of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is catalyzed by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III (GnT-III, encoded by the Mgat3 gene). We previously identified various bisecting GlcNAc-modified proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease and cancer. However, the mechanisms by which GnT-III acts on the target proteins are unknown. Here, we performed comparative glycoproteomic analyses using brain membranes of wild type (WT) and Mgat3-deficient mice. Target glycoproteins of GnT-III were enriched with E4-phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lectin, which recognizes bisecting GlcNAc, and analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. We identified 32 N-glycosylation sites (Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr, Xaa ≠ Pro) that were modified with bisecting GlcNAc. Sequence alignment of identified N-glycosylation sites that displayed bisecting GlcNAc suggested that GnT-III does not recognize a specific primary amino acid sequence. The molecular modeling of GluA1 as one of the good cell surface substrates for GnT-III in the brain, indicated that GnT-III acts on N-glycosylation sites located in a highly flexible and mobile loop of GluA1. These results suggest that the action of GnT-III is partially affected by the tertiary structure of target proteins, which can accommodate bisecting GlcNAc that generates a bulky flipped-back conformation of the modified glycans.
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Sun X, He Z, Guo L, Wang C, Lin C, Ye L, Wang X, Li Y, Yang M, Liu S, Hua X, Wen W, Lin C, Long Z, Zhang W, Li H, Jian Y, Zhu Z, Wu X, Lin H. ALG3 contributes to stemness and radioresistance through regulating glycosylation of TGF-β receptor II in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:149. [PMID: 33931075 PMCID: PMC8086123 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is a conventional and effective local treatment for breast cancer. However, residual or recurrent tumors appears frequently because of radioresistance. Novel predictive marker and the potential therapeutic targets of breast cancer radioresistance needs to be investigated. Methods In this study, we screened all 10 asparagine-linked glycosylation (ALG) members in breast cancer patients’ samples by RT-PCR. Cell viability after irradiation (IR) was determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The radiosensitivity of cell lines with different ALG3 expression was determined with the colony formation assay by fitting the multi-target single hit model to the surviving fractions. Cancer stem-like traits were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The mechanisms of ALG3 influencing radiosensitivity was detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. And the effect of ALG3 on tumor growth after IR was verified in an orthotopic xenograft tumor models. The association of ALG3 with prognosis of breast cancer patients was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Results ALG3 was the most significantly overexpressing gene among ALG family in radioresistant breast cancer tissue. Overexpression of ALG3 predicted poor clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS), and early local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in breast cancer patients. Upregulating ALG3 enhanced radioresistance and cancer stemness in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, silencing ALG3 increased the radiosensitivity and repressed cancer stemness in vitro, and more importantly inhibition of ALG3 effectively increased the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, our results further revealed ALG3 promoted radioresistance and cancer stemness by inducing glycosylation of TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2). Importantly, both attenuation of glycosylation using tunicamycin and inhibition of TGFBR2 using LY2109761 differentially abrogated the stimulatory effect of ALG3 overexpression on cancer stemness and radioresistance. Finally, our findings showed that radiation played an important role in preventing early recurrence in breast cancer patients with low ALG3 levels, but it had limited efficacy in ALG3-overexpressing breast cancer patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that ALG3 may serve as a potential radiosensitive marker, and an effective target to decrease radioresistance by regulating glycosylation of TGFBR2 in breast cancer. For patients with low ALG3 levels, radiation remains an effective mainstay therapy to prevent early recurrence in breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01932-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Experimental Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Meisongzhu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sailan Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Long
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunting Jian
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhu
- Department of General surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China. .,Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanxin Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Huang YF, Aoki K, Akase S, Ishihara M, Liu YS, Yang G, Kizuka Y, Mizumoto S, Tiemeyer M, Gao XD, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Fujita M. Global mapping of glycosylation pathways in human-derived cells. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1195-1209.e7. [PMID: 33730547 PMCID: PMC8086148 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental classes of macromolecules and are involved in a broad range of biological phenomena. A large variety of glycan structures can be synthesized depending on tissue or cell types and environmental changes. Here, we developed a comprehensive glycosylation mapping tool, termed GlycoMaple, to visualize and estimate glycan structures based on gene expression. We informatically selected 950 genes involved in glycosylation and its regulation. Expression profiles of these genes were mapped onto global glycan metabolic pathways to predict glycan structures, which were confirmed using glycomic analyses. Based on the predictions of N-glycan processing, we constructed 40 knockout HEK293 cell lines and analyzed the effects of gene knockout on glycan structures. Finally, the glycan structures of 64 cell lines, 37 tissues, and primary colon tumor tissues were estimated and compared using publicly available databases. Our systematic approach can accelerate glycan analyses and engineering in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sachiko Akase
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan; Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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You X, Wang Y, Meng J, Han S, Liu L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Sun S, Li X, Sun W, Dong Y, Zhang Y. Exosomal miR‑663b exposed to TGF‑β1 promotes cervical cancer metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by targeting MGAT3. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:12. [PMID: 33649791 PMCID: PMC7877003 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 is a key cytokine affecting the pathogenesis and progression of cervical cancer. Tumor‑derived exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) that interact with cancer and stromal cells, thereby contributing to tissue remodeling in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The present study was designed to clarify how TGF‑β1 affects tumor biological functions through exosomes released by cervical cancer cells. Deep RNA sequencing found that TGF‑β1 stimulated cervical cancer cells to secrete more miR‑663b‑containing exosomes, which could be transferred into new target cells to promote metastasis. Further studies have shown that miR‑663b directly targets the 3'-untranslated regions (3'‑UTR) of mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (MGAT3) and is involved in the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Remarkably, the overexpression of MGAT3 suppressed cervical cancer cell metastasis promoted by exosomal miR‑663b, causing increased expression of epithelial differentiation marker E‑cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers N‑cadherin and β‑catenin. Throughout our study, online bioinformation tools and dual luciferase reporter assay were applied to identify MGAT3 as a novel direct target of miR‑663b. Exosome PKH67‑labeling experiment verified that exosomal miR‑663b could be endocytosed by cervical cancer cells and subsequently influence its migration and invasion functions which were measured by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of miR‑663b and MGAT3 and the regulation of the EMT pathway caused by MGAT3 were detected by quantitative real‑time transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis. These results, thus, provide evidence that cancer cell‑derived exosomal miR‑663b is endocytosed by cervical cancer cells adjacent or distant after TGF‑β1 exposure and inhibits the expression of MGAT3, thereby accelerating the EMT process and ultimately promoting local and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Sai Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Vermassen T, Van Den Broeck A, Lumen N, Callewaert N, Rottey S, Delanghe J. Tissue N-linked glycosylation as potential prognostic biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival. Biomarkers 2021; 26:275-285. [PMID: 33657946 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1891290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only few biomarkers have been evaluated for their prognostic value following radical prostatectomy. We explored if tissue N-glycosylation shows prognostic properties for biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue N-glycosylation profile was determined from 82 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and prognostic features were compared to clinical and biochemical parameters for BCR-free survival. RESULTS Majority presented with Gleason score 3 + 4 (41%), extensive local disease (62%) and without pelvic lymph nodes invasion (83%). Several parameters (low T stage, low Gleason score, low EAU risk groups for BCR, absence of positive surgical margins, high ratio of fucosylated triantennary structures on total of multiantennary structures [3AFc/MA], low ratio of fucosylated biantennary with core-branched N-acetylglucosamine on total of biantennary structures, and high ratio of triantennary structures on total of multiantennary structures) proved to have a univariate beneficial effect on BCR-free survival. Multivariate analysis proved positive surgical margins and 3AFc/MA to be independent prognosticators. CONCLUSIONS Tissue N-glycans are a powerful prognostic tool and can be an asset in PCa as the ratio of 3AFc/MA is independently associated with BCR-free survival. This could be of clinical use in guiding patients following radical prostatectomy, e.g. referral to adjuvant radiotherapy. Further elaboration of this biomarker is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl Vermassen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Promiscuity and specificity of eukaryotic glycosyltransferases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:891-900. [PMID: 32539082 PMCID: PMC7329348 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are a large family of enzymes responsible for covalently linking sugar monosaccharides to a variety of organic substrates. These enzymes drive the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides known as glycans, which play key roles in inter-cellular interactions across all the kingdoms of life; they also catalyze sugar attachment during the synthesis of small-molecule metabolites such as plant flavonoids. A given glycosyltransferase enzyme is typically responsible for attaching a specific donor monosaccharide, via a specific glycosidic linkage, to a specific moiety on the acceptor substrate. However these enzymes are often promiscuous, able catalyze linkages between a variety of donors and acceptors. In this review we discuss distinct classes of glycosyltransferase promiscuity, each illustrated by enzymatic examples from small-molecule or glycan synthesis. We highlight the physical causes of promiscuity, and its biochemical consequences. Structural studies of glycosyltransferases involved in glycan synthesis show that they make specific contacts with ‘recognition motifs’ that are much smaller than the full oligosaccharide substrate. There is a wide range in the sizes of glycosyltransferase recognition motifs: highly promiscuous enzymes recognize monosaccharide or disaccharide motifs across multiple oligosaccharides, while highly specific enzymes recognize large, complex motifs found on few oligosaccharides. In eukaryotes, the localization of glycosyltransferases within compartments of the Golgi apparatus may play a role in mitigating the glycan variability caused by enzyme promiscuity.
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Zhang J, Ten Dijke P, Wuhrer M, Zhang T. Role of glycosylation in TGF-β signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 12:89-106. [PMID: 32583064 PMCID: PMC7862465 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification on membrane-associated and secreted proteins that is of pivotal importance for regulating cell functions. Aberrant glycosylation can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell-matrix interactions, migration and differentiation, and has been shown to be involved in cancer and other diseases. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a key step in the metastatic process by which cancer cells gain the ability to invade tissues and extravasate into the bloodstream. This cellular transformation process, which is associated by morphological change, loss of epithelial traits and gain of mesenchymal markers, is triggered by the secreted cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β bioactivity is carefully regulated, and its effects on cells are mediated by its receptors on the cell surface. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of major types of glycans, namely, N-glycans, O-glycans, glycosphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans that are involved in cancer progression. Thereafter, we summarize studies on how the glycosylation of TGF-β signaling components regulates TGF-β secretion, bioavailability and TGF-β receptor function. Then, we review glycosylation changes associated with TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which glycosylation affects TGF-β signaling and downstream biological responses will facilitate the identification of glycans as biomarkers and enable novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Oncode Institute and Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
N-glycosylation is a highly conserved glycan modification, and more than 7000 proteins are N-glycosylated in humans. N-glycosylation has many biological functions such as protein folding, trafficking, and signal transduction. Thus, glycan modification to proteins is profoundly involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. The N-glycan precursor is biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from dolichol phosphate by sequential enzymatic reactions to generate the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide composed of 14 sugar residues, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. The oligosaccharide is then en bloc transferred to the consensus sequence N-X-S/T (X represents any amino acid except proline) of nascent proteins. Subsequently, the N-glycosylated nascent proteins enter the folding step, in which N-glycans contribute largely to attaining the correct protein fold by recruiting the lectin-like chaperones, calnexin, and calreticulin. Despite the N-glycan-dependent folding process, some glycoproteins do not fold correctly, and these misfolded glycoproteins are destined to degradation by proteasomes in the cytosol. Properly folded proteins are transported to the Golgi, and N-glycans undergo maturation by the sequential reactions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, generating complex-type N-glycans. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnT-III, GnT-IV, and GnT-V) produce branched N-glycan structures, affording a higher complexity to N-glycans. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the biosynthetic pathway of N-glycans in the ER and Golgi.
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to “clean” the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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Thomas D, Rathinavel AK, Radhakrishnan P. Altered glycosylation in cancer: A promising target for biomarkers and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188464. [PMID: 33157161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a well-regulated cell and microenvironment specific post-translational modification. Several glycosyltransferases and glycosidases orchestrate the addition of defined glycan structures on the proteins and lipids. Recent advances and systemic approaches in glycomics have significantly contributed to a better understanding of instrumental roles of glycans in health and diseases. Emerging research evidence recognized aberrantly glycosylated proteins as the modulators of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas has identified alterations in the expressions of glycosylation-specific genes that are correlated with cancer progression. However, the mechanistic basis remains poorly explored. Recent researches have shown that specific changes in the glycan structures are associated with 'stemness' and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Moreover, epigenetic changes in the glycosylation pattern make the tumor cells capable of escaping immunosurveillance mechanisms. The deciphering roles of glycans in cancer emphasize that glycans can serve as a source for the development of novel clinical biomarkers. The ability of glycans in intervening various stages of tumor progression and the biosynthetic pathways involved in glycan structures constitute a promising target for cancer therapy. Advances in the knowledge of innovative strategies for identifying the mechanisms of glycan-binding proteins are hoped to hold great potential in cancer therapy. This review discusses the fundamental role of glycans in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor progression and provides insights into the influence of glycans in the current tactics of targeted therapies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Rathinavel
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Global view of human protein glycosylation pathways and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:729-749. [PMID: 33087899 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most abundant and diverse form of post-translational modification of proteins that is common to all eukaryotic cells. Enzymatic glycosylation of proteins involves a complex metabolic network and different types of glycosylation pathways that orchestrate enormous amplification of the proteome in producing diversity of proteoforms and its biological functions. The tremendous structural diversity of glycans attached to proteins poses analytical challenges that limit exploration of specific functions of glycosylation. Major advances in quantitative transcriptomics, proteomics and nuclease-based gene editing are now opening new global ways to explore protein glycosylation through analysing and targeting enzymes involved in glycosylation processes. In silico models predicting cellular glycosylation capacities and glycosylation outcomes are emerging, and refined maps of the glycosylation pathways facilitate genetic approaches to address functions of the vast glycoproteome. These approaches apply commonly available cell biology tools, and we predict that use of (single-cell) transcriptomics, genetic screens, genetic engineering of cellular glycosylation capacities and custom design of glycoprotein therapeutics are advancements that will ignite wider integration of glycosylation in general cell biology.
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Taniguchi N, Ohkawa Y, Maeda K, Harada Y, Nagae M, Kizuka Y, Ihara H, Ikeda Y. True significance of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases GnT-III, V and α1,6 fucosyltransferase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100905. [PMID: 33010941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that numerous cancer-related changes occur in glycans that are attached to glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteoglycans on the cell surface and these changes in structure and the expression of the glycans are largely regulated by glycosyl-transferases, glycosidases, nucleotide sugars and their related genes. Such structural changes in glycans on cell surface proteins may accelerate the progression, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Among the over 200 known glycosyltransferases and related genes, β 1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) (the MGAT5 gene) and α 1,6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) (the FUT8 gene) are representative enzymes in this respect because changes in glycans caused by these genes appear to be related to cancer metastasis and invasion in vitro as well as in vivo, and a number of reports on these genes in related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have also appeared. Another enzyme, one of the N-glycan branching enzymes, β1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) (the MGAT3 gene) has been reported to suppress EMT. However, there are intermediate states between EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and some of these genes have been implicated in both EMT and MET and are also probably in an intermediate state. Therefore, it would be difficult to clearly define which specific glycosyltransferase is involved in EMT or MET or an intermediate state. The significance of EMT and N-glycan branching glycosyltransferases needs to be reconsidered and the inhibition of their corresponding genes would also be desirable in therapeutics. This review mainly focuses on GnT-III, GnT-V and FUT8, major players as N-glycan branching enzymes in cancer in relation to EMT programs, and also discusses the catalytic mechanisms of GnT-V and FUT8 whose crystal structures have now been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kento Maeda
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Glyco-biochemistry Laboratory, G-Chain, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Ihara
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
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Recognition of glycan and protein substrates by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129726. [PMID: 32890705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Glycosylation is crucial for protein folding, trafficking, and functions. N-Glycans have a different number of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) branches in a protein-selective manner, and the β1,6-linked GlcNAc branch on specific proteins produced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V or MGAT5) promotes cancer malignancy. However, little is known about how GnT-V acts on specific target proteins. METHODS Based on our structural model, we hypothesized that GnT-V interacts with the N-glycan core or polypeptide moiety as well as the accepter site of N-glycan. To explore this possibility, we selected four candidate residues involved in the interaction with the glycan core or surrounding amino acids, created point mutants of these residues, and examined the in vitro and in vivo activities of the mutants. RESULTS Our in vitro enzyme assays using various types of substrates including oligosaccharides and glycoproteins revealed that the V354N mutant had dramatically reduced activity for all tested substrates with an altered substrate preference and that K361A had reduced activity for an oligosaccharide with asparagine (Asn), but not a shorter oligosaccharide without the reducing end of GlcNAc and Asn. These results suggest that V354 and K361 are involved in the recognition of N-glycan core and surrounding amino acids. We further performed rescue experiments using GnT-V knockout HeLa cells and confirmed the importance of these residues for modifications of glycoproteins in cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified several residues involved in the action of GnT-V toward N-glycan cores and surrounding amino acids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide new insights into how GnT-V recognizes glycoproteins.
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Darby JF, Gilio AK, Piniello B, Roth C, Blagova E, Hubbard RE, Rovira C, Davies GJ, Wu L. Substrate Engagement and Catalytic Mechanisms of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Darby
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Amelia K. Gilio
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Beatriz Piniello
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Elena Blagova
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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47
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Jian Y, Xu Z, Xu C, Zhang L, Sun X, Yang D, Wang S. The Roles of Glycans in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:957. [PMID: 32596162 PMCID: PMC7303958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urogenital system with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are the keys to successful bladder cancer treatment. Due to high postoperative recurrence rates and poor prognosis, it is urgent to find suitable therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Glycans are one of the four biological macromolecules in the cells of an organism, along with proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Glycans play important roles in nascent peptide chain folding, protein processing, and translation, cell-to-cell adhesion, receptor-ligand recognition, and binding and cell signaling. Glycans are mainly divided into N-glycans, O-glycans, proteoglycans, and glycosphingolipids. The focus of this review is the discussion of glycans related to bladder cancer. Additionally, this review also addresses the clinical value of glycans in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Abnormal glycans are likely to be potential biomarkers for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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48
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Li J, Xu J, Li L, Ianni A, Kumari P, Liu S, Sun P, Braun T, Tan X, Xiang R, Yue S. MGAT3-mediated glycosylation of tetraspanin CD82 at asparagine 157 suppresses ovarian cancer metastasis by inhibiting the integrin signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6467-6482. [PMID: 32483464 PMCID: PMC7255015 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetraspanins constitute a family of transmembrane spanning proteins that function mainly by organizing the plasma membrane into micro-domains. CD82, a member of tetraspanins, is a potent inhibitor of cancer metastasis in numerous malignancies. CD82 is a highly glycosylated protein, however, it is still unknown whether and how this post-translational modification affects CD82 function and cancer metastasis. Methods: The glycosylation of CD82 profiles are checked in the paired human ovarian primary and metastatic cancer tissues. The functional studies on the various glycosylation sites of CD82 are performed in vitro and in vivo. Results: We demonstrate that CD82 glycosylation at Asn157 is necessary for CD82-mediated inhibition of ovarian cancer cells migration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we discover that CD82 glycosylation is pivotal to disrupt integrin α5β1-mediated cellular adhesion to the abundant extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Thereby the glycosylated CD82 inhibits the integrin signaling pathway responsible for the induction of the cytoskeleton rearrangements required for cellular migration. Furthermore, we reveal that the glycosyltransferase MGAT3 is responsible for CD82 glycosylation in ovarian cancer cells. Metastatic ovarian cancers express reduced levels of MGAT3 which in turn may result in impaired CD82 glycosylation. Conclusions: Our work implicates a pathway for ovarian cancers metastasis regulation via MGAT3 mediated glycosylation of tetraspanin CD82 at asparagine 157.
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Taujale R, Venkat A, Huang LC, Zhou Z, Yeung W, Rasheed KM, Li S, Edison AS, Moremen KW, Kannan N. Deep evolutionary analysis reveals the design principles of fold A glycosyltransferases. eLife 2020; 9:54532. [PMID: 32234211 PMCID: PMC7185993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are prevalent across the tree of life and regulate nearly all aspects of cellular functions. The evolutionary basis for their complex and diverse modes of catalytic functions remain enigmatic. Here, based on deep mining of over half million GT-A fold sequences, we define a minimal core component shared among functionally diverse enzymes. We find that variations in the common core and emergence of hypervariable loops extending from the core contributed to GT-A diversity. We provide a phylogenetic framework relating diverse GT-A fold families for the first time and show that inverting and retaining mechanisms emerged multiple times independently during evolution. Using evolutionary information encoded in primary sequences, we trained a machine learning classifier to predict donor specificity with nearly 90% accuracy and deployed it for the annotation of understudied GTs. Our studies provide an evolutionary framework for investigating complex relationships connecting GT-A fold sequence, structure, function and regulation. Carbohydrates are one of the major groups of large biological molecules that regulate nearly all aspects of life. Yet, unlike DNA or proteins, carbohydrates are made without a template to follow. Instead, these molecules are built from a set of sugar-based building blocks by the intricate activities of a large and diverse family of enzymes known as glycosyltransferases. An incomplete understanding of how glycosyltransferases recognize and build diverse carbohydrates presents a major bottleneck in developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with abnormalities in these enzymes. It also limits efforts to engineer these enzymes for biotechnology applications and biofuel production. Taujale et al. have now used evolutionary approaches to map the evolution of a major subset of glycosyltransferases from species across the tree of life to understand how these enzymes evolved such precise mechanisms to build diverse carbohydrates. First, a minimal structural unit was defined based on being shared among a group of over half a million unique glycosyltransferase enzymes with different activities. Further analysis then showed that the diverse activities of these enzymes evolved through the accumulation of mutations within this structural unit, as well as in much more variable regions in the enzyme that extend from the minimal unit. Taujale et al. then built an extended family tree for this collection of glycosyltransferases and details of the evolutionary relationships between the enzymes helped them to create a machine learning framework that could predict which sugar-containing molecules were the raw materials for a given glycosyltransferase. This framework could make predictions with nearly 90% accuracy based only on information that can be deciphered from the gene for that enzyme. These findings will provide scientists with new hypotheses for investigating the complex relationships connecting the genetic information about glycosyltransferases with their structures and activities. Further refinement of the machine learning framework may eventually enable the design of enzymes with properties that are desirable for applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Taujale
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Liang-Chin Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Zhongliang Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Khaled M Rasheed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Bashir A, Binderup T, Vestergaard MB, Broholm H, Marner L, Ziebell M, Fugleholm K, Kjær A, Law I. In vivo imaging of cell proliferation in meningioma using 3'-deoxy-3'-[ 18F]fluorothymidine PET/MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1496-1509. [PMID: 32047966 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) with 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) provides a noninvasive assessment of tumour proliferation in vivo and could be a valuable imaging modality for assessing malignancy in meningiomas. We investigated a range of static and dynamic [18F]FLT metrics by correlating the findings with cellular biomarkers of proliferation and angiogenesis. METHODS Seventeen prospectively recruited adult patients with intracranial meningiomas underwent a 60-min dynamic [18F]FLT PET following surgery. Maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean) with and without normalization to healthy brain tissue and blood radioactivity obtained from 40 to 60 min summed dynamic images (PET40-60) and ~ 60-min blood samples were calculated. Kinetic modelling using a two-tissue reversible compartmental model with a fractioned blood volume (VB) was performed to determine the total distribution volume (VT). Expressions of proliferation and angiogenesis with key parameters including Ki-67 index, phosphohistone-H3 (phh3), MKI67, thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Kirsten RAt Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were determined by immunohistochemistry and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed 13 World Health Organization (WHO) grade I and four WHO grade II meningiomas. SUVmax and SUVmean normalized to blood radioactivity from PET40-60 and blood sampling, and VT were able to significantly differentiate between WHO grades with the best results for maximum and mean tumour-to-whole-blood ratios (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94-95%, accuracy 99%; P = 0.003). Static [18F]FLT metrics were significantly correlated with proliferative biomarkers, especially Ki-67 index, phh3, and TK1, while no correlations were found with VEGFA or VB. Using Ki-67 index with a threshold > 4%, the majority of [18F]FLT metrics showed a high ability to identify aggressive meningiomas with SUVmean demonstrating the best performance (sensitivity 80%, specificity 81%, accuracy 80%; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION [18F]FLT PET could be a useful imaging modality for assessing cellular proliferation in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bashir
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Tina Binderup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Bitsch Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Marner
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ziebell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kåre Fugleholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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