1
|
Wang Z, Liu Y, Ji C, Wang J. Quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional superconductors: a review on recent experimental progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 87:014502. [PMID: 38086096 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad14f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Superconductor-insulator/metal transition (SMT) as a paradigm of quantum phase transition has been a research highlight over the last three decades. Benefit from recent developments in the fabrication and measurements of two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films and nanodevices, unprecedented quantum phenomena have been revealed in the quantum phase transitions of 2D superconductors. In this review, we introduce the recent progress on quantum phase transitions in 2D superconductors, focusing on the quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) and anomalous metal state. Characterized by a divergent critical exponent when approaching zero temperature, QGS of SMT is discovered in ultrathin crystalline Ga films and subsequently detected in various 2D superconductors. The universality of QGS indicates the profound influence of quenched disorder on quantum phase transitions. Besides, in a 2D superconducting system, whether a metallic ground state can exist is a long-sought mystery. Early experimental studies indicate an intermediate metallic state in the quantum phase transition of 2D superconductors. Recently, in high-temperature superconducting films with patterned nanopores, a robust anomalous metal state (i.e. quantum metal or Bose metal) has been detected, featured as the saturated resistance in the low temperature regime. Moreover, the charge-2equantum oscillations are observed in nanopatterned films, indicating the bosonic nature of the anomalous metal state and ending the debate on whether bosons can exist as a metal. The evidences of the anomalous metal states have also been reported in crystalline epitaxial thin films and exfoliated nanoflakes, as well as granular composite films. High quality filters are used in these works to exclude the influence of external high frequency noises in ultralow temperature measurements. The observations of QGS and metallic ground states in 2D superconductors not only reveal the prominent role of quantum fluctuations and dissipations but also provide new perspective to explore quantum phase transitions in superconducting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar A, Husale S, Saravanan MP, Gajar B, Yousuf M, Saini A, Yadav MG, Aloysius RP. Current-voltage characteristics of focused ion beam fabricated superconducting tungsten meanders. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:015705. [PMID: 37793353 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acffcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the superconducting properties and intermediate resistive steps (IRS) observed in the current-voltage characteristics (IVC) of tungsten meander (MW) structures fabricated using focused ion beam (FIB) technique. Three number of MWs were studied with individual wire widths of 240 nm, 640 nm and 850 nm with superconducting transition temperatures (TC) of 4.5 K, 4.55 K and 4.60 K respectively. The measured normal state resistance values at 8 K for these wires are of ∼182 kΩ, ∼49 kΩ and ∼32 kΩ, respectively as a function of increasing wire widths; are higher than the quantum of resistance (h/4e2=6.45kΩ,his a Planck constant andeis electronic charge) indicating extreme disorder nature of the fabricated samples. The variation of resistance with respect to temperature (forT
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sudhir Husale
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M P Saravanan
- Low Temperature Laboratory, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
| | - Bikash Gajar
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Majid Yousuf
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilasha Saini
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahesh Gaurav Yadav
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - R P Aloysius
- Quantum Nanophotonics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang C, Zhang E, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiu F, Liu H, Xie X, Ai L, Yang Y, Zhao M, Qi J, Li L, Liu S, Li Z, Zhan R, Bie YQ, Kou X, Deng S, Xie XC. Observation of thickness-tuned universality class in superconducting β-W thin films. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1830-1838. [PMID: 36654392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between quenched disorder and critical behavior in quantum phase transitions is conceptually fascinating and of fundamental importance for understanding phase transitions. However, it is still unclear whether or not the quenched disorder influences the universality class of quantum phase transitions. More crucially, the absence of superconducting-metal transitions under in-plane magnetic fields in 2D superconductors imposes constraints on the universality of quantum criticality. Here, we observe the thickness-tuned universality class of superconductor-metal transition by changing the disorder strength in β-W films with varying thickness. The finite-size scaling uncovers the switch of universality class: quantum Griffiths singularity to multiple quantum criticality at a critical thickness of tc⊥1~8nm and then from multiple quantum criticality to single criticality at tc⊥2~16nm. Moreover, the superconducting-metal transition is observed for the first time under in-plane magnetic fields and the universality class is changed at tc‖~8nm. The observation of thickness-tuned universality class under both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields provides broad information for the disorder effect on superconducting-metal transitions and quantum criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at ExtremeConditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China; Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China.
| | - Haiwen Liu
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junjie Qi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Runze Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ya-Qing Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xufeng Kou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X C Xie
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Qi S, Fang J, Sun J, Liu C, Liu Y, Qi J, Xing Y, Liu H, Lin X, Wang L, Xue QK, Xie XC, Wang J. Observation of In-Plane Quantum Griffiths Singularity in Two-Dimensional Crystalline Superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:137001. [PMID: 34623853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) reveals the profound influence of quenched disorder on the quantum phase transitions, characterized by the divergence of the dynamical critical exponent at the boundary of the vortex glasslike phase, named as quantum Griffiths phase. However, in the absence of vortices, whether the QGS can exist under a parallel magnetic field remains a puzzle. Here, we study the magnetic field induced superconductor-metal transition in ultrathin crystalline PdTe_{2} films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Remarkably, the QGS emerges under both perpendicular and parallel magnetic field in four-monolayer PdTe_{2} films. The direct activated scaling analysis with a new irrelevant correction has been proposed, providing important evidence of QGS. With increasing film thickness to six monolayers, the QGS disappears under perpendicular field but persists under parallel field, and this discordance may originate from the differences in microscopic processes. Our work demonstrates the universality of parallel field induced QGS and can stimulate further investigations on novel quantum phase transitions under parallel magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shichao Qi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingchao Fang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Sun
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanzhao Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Qi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Haiwen Liu
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xi Lin
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bo T, Wang Y, Liang Y, Liu X, Ren J, Weng H, Liu M, Meng S. High-Throughput Screening of Element-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Toward an Optimal One-Dimensional Superconductor. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6667-6675. [PMID: 34255528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to search for optimal one-dimensional (1D) superconductors with a high transition temperature (Tc), we performed high-throughput computation on the phonon dispersion, electron-phonon coupling (EPC), and superconducting properties of (5,0), (3,3), and element-doped (3,3) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on first-principles calculations. We find that the CNT (5,0) is superconductive with Tc of 7.9 K, while the (3,3) CNT has no superconductivity. However, by high-throughput screening of about 50 elements in the periodic table, we identified that 14 elemental dopants can make the (3,3) CNT dynamically stable and superconducting. The high Tc ≈ 28 K suggests that the Si-doped (3,3) CNT is an excellent one-dimensional (1D) superconductor. In addition, the Al-, In-, and La-doped (3,3) CNTs are also great 1D superconductor candidates with a Tc of about 18, 17, and 29 K, respectively. These results may inspire the synthesis and discovery of optimal high-Tc 1D superconductors experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingzong Liang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongming Weng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu D, Ye C, Wang X, Zhao X, Kang L, Liu J, Duan R, Cao X, He Y, Hu J, Li S, Zeng Q, Deng Y, Yin PF, Ariando A, Huang Y, Zhang H, Wang XR, Liu Z. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Superconducting FeTe 1-xSe x Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5338-5344. [PMID: 34105969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
FeTe1-xSex, a promising layered material used to realize Majorana zero modes, has attracted enormous attention in recent years. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) are the routine growth methods used to prepare FeTe1-xSex thin films. However, both methods require high-vacuum conditions and polished crystalline substrates, which hinder the exploration of the topological superconductivity and related nanodevices of this material. Here we demonstrate the growth of the ultrathin FeTe1-xSex superconductor by a facile, atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The composition and thickness of the two-dimensional (2D) FeTe1-xSex nanosheets are well controlled by tuning the experimental conditions. The as-prepared FeTe0.8Se0.2 nanosheet exhibits an onset superconducting transition temperature of 12.4 K, proving its high quality. Our work offers an effective strategy for preparing the ultrathin FeTe1-xSex superconductor, which could become a promising platform for further study of the unconventional superconductivity in the FeTe1-xSex system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Ye
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lixing Kang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Junxiong Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Shengyao Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | | | | | - Peng-Fei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ariando Ariando
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | | | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang E, Xu X, Huang C, Zou YC, Ai L, Liu S, Leng P, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Li Z, Yang Y, Liu J, Haigh SJ, Mao Z, Xiu F. Magnetic-Field-Induced Re-entrance of Superconductivity in Ta 2PdS 5 Nanostrips. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:288-297. [PMID: 33346673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The motion of Abrikosov vortices is the dominant origin of dissipation in type II superconductors subjected to a magnetic field, which leads to a finite electrical resistance. It is generally believed that the increase in the magnetic field results in the aggravation of energy dissipation through the increase in vortex density. Here, we show a distinctive re-entrance of the dissipationless state in quasi-one-dimensional superconducting Ta2PdS5 nanostrips. Utilizing magnetotransport measurements, we unveil a prominent magnetoresistance drop with the increase in the magnetic field below the superconducting transition temperature, manifesting itself as a giant re-entrance to the superconducting phase. Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau calculations show that this is originated from the suppression of the vortex motion by the increased energy barrier on the edges. Interestingly, both our experiments and simulations demonstrate that this giant re-entrance of superconductivity occurs only in certain geometrical regimes because of the finite size of the vortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xian Xu
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zou
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengliang Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zehao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han X, Wu Y, Xiao H, Zhang M, Gao M, Liu Y, Wang J, Hu T, Xie X, Di Z. Disorder-Induced Quantum Griffiths Singularity Revealed in an Artificial 2D Superconducting System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902849. [PMID: 33101841 PMCID: PMC7578859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Disorder-induced Griffiths singularity of quantum phase transition (QPT) is a crucial issue in 2D superconductors (2DSC). In a superconducting system, the strength of disorder is found to be associated with the vortex pinning energy, which is closely related to the quantum Griffiths singularity; however, a direct study to elucidate the role of vortex pinning energy on the quantum Griffiths singularity in 2DSC remains to be undertaken. Here, an artificial 2DSC system is designed by randomly depositing superconducting nanoislands on 2Delectron gas (2DEG). Quantum Griffiths singularity is present in a graphene/Pb-islands-array hybrid, where the superconducting behavior transits to weakly localized metallic behavior induced by the vertical magnetic field and exhibits critical behavior with a diverging dynamical critical exponent approaching zero temperature. Compared to the study of graphene/Sn-islands-array hybrid where the sharp QPT is observed, the vortex pinning energy acquired from the Arrhenius plot analysis is greater in graphene/Pb-islands-array hybrid, which may contribute to the presence of the quantum Griffiths singularity. This work may provide a comprehensive interpretation of the QPT in 2DSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced ResearchBeijing100094China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yi Liu
- International Center for Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum ComputationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information SciencesWest Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian DistrictBeijing100193China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information SciencesWest Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian DistrictBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Yang K, Liu W, Zhang E, Li Z, Zhang X, Liao Z, Zhang W, Sun J, Yang Y, Gao H, Huang C, Ai L, Wong PKJ, Wee ATS, N’Diaye AT, Morton SA, Kou X, Zou J, Xu Y, Wu H, Xiu F. Two-dimensional ferromagnetic superlattices. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:745-754. [PMID: 34692093 PMCID: PMC8289050 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials (2D FMs) possess long-range ferromagnetic order and topologically nontrivial skyrmions in few layers. However, because of the dimensionality effect, such few-layer systems usually exhibit much lower Curie temperature (T C) compared to their bulk counterparts. It is therefore of great interest to explore effective approaches to enhance their T C, particularly in wafer-scale for practical applications. Here, we report an interfacial proximity-induced high-T C 2D FM Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) via A-type antiferromagnetic material CrSb (CS) which strongly couples to FGT. A superlattice structure of (FGT/CS)n, where n stands for the period of FGT/CS heterostructure, has been successfully produced with sharp interfaces by molecular-beam epitaxy on 2-inch wafers. By performing elemental specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, we have unequivocally discovered that T C of 4-layer Fe3GeTe2 can be significantly enhanced from 140 K to 230 K because of the interfacial ferromagnetic coupling. Meanwhile, an inverse proximity effect occurs in the FGT/CS interface, driving the interfacial antiferromagnetic CrSb into a ferrimagnetic state as evidenced by double-switching behavior in hysteresis loops and the XMCD spectra. Density functional theory calculations show that the Fe-Te/Cr-Sb interface is strongly FM coupled and doping of the spin-polarized electrons by the interfacial Cr layer gives rise to the T C enhancement of the Fe3GeTe2 films, in accordance with our XMCD measurements. Strikingly, by introducing rich Fe in a 4-layer FGT/CS superlattice, T C can be further enhanced to near room temperature. Our results provide a feasible approach for enhancing the magnetic order of few-layer 2D FMs in wafer-scale and render opportunities for realizing realistic ultra-thin spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jiabao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Gao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Kwan Johnny Wong
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Alpha T N’Diaye
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon A Morton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xufeng Kou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yongbing Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu N, Xie Y, Liu G, Sohn S, Raj A, Han G, Wu B, Cha JJ, Liu Z, Schroers J. General Nanomolding of Ordered Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:036102. [PMID: 32031828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.036102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, controlled fabrication of ordered phases is challenging at the nanoscale, yet highly demanded as their well-ordered structure and chemistry is the key for advanced functionality. Here, we demonstrate a general nanomolding process of ordered phases based on atomic diffusion. Resulting nanowires are single crystals and maintain their composition and structure throughout their length, which we explain by a self-ordering process originating from their narrow Gibbs free energy. The versatility, control, and precision of this thermomechanical nanomolding method of ordered phases provides new insights into single crystal growth and suggest itself as a technology to enable wide spread usage for nanoscale and quantum devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naijia Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yujun Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Guannan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Sungwoo Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Arindam Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Guoxing Han
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Bozhao Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding C, Gong G, Liu Y, Zheng F, Zhang Z, Yang H, Li Z, Xing Y, Ge J, He K, Li W, Zhang P, Wang J, Wang L, Xue QK. Signature of Superconductivity in Orthorhombic CoSb Monolayer Films on SrTiO 3(001). ACS NANO 2019; 13:10434-10439. [PMID: 31460747 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepare orthorhombic CoSb monolayer films on SrTiO3(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy and observe symmetric gap around the Fermi level with coherence peaks at ± (6-7) meV by in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Ex situ magnetization measurements of the films protected by Te and Si films consistently reveal a diamagnetic transition at 14 K. These results suggest the occurrence of superconductivity in orthorhombic CoSb monolayers on SrTiO3(001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Guanming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yanzhao Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fawei Zheng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics , Beijing 100088 , China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Haohao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ying Xing
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of New Energy and Materials , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China
| | - Jun Ge
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ke He
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics , Beijing 100088 , China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| |
Collapse
|