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Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhai L, Huang J, Song L, You H, Chen FE. Desymmetrization of Inert meso-Diethers through Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation with Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:5844-5849. [PMID: 38950387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective Cu-catalyzed desymmetrization of inert meso-diethers using Grignard reagents. Moreover, previous inaccessible sterically hindered organometallic reagents are realized in the reaction with broad secondary alkyl Grignard reagents. Finally, detailed control experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed the desymmetrization of meso-diethers exploits a direct anti-SN2' pathway, in the absence of an in situ-generated allyl bromine intermediate. The following oxidative addition is the crucial rate-determining and enantioselectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lianjie Zhai
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Li J, Huang J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y, You H, Chen FE. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of racemic/ meso substrates. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8280-8294. [PMID: 38846404 PMCID: PMC11151816 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds is a pivotal subject in the field of chemistry, with enantioselective catalysis currently standing as the primary approach for delivering specific enantiomers. Among these strategies, Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) is significant and irreplaceable, especially when it comes to the use of non-stabilized nucleophiles (pK a > 25). Although Cu-catalyzed AAS of prochiral substrates has also been widely developed, methodologies involving racemic/meso substrates are highly desirable, as the substrates undergo dynamic processes to give single enantiomer products. Inspired by the pioneering work of the Alexakis, Feringa and Gennari groups, Cu-catalyzed AAS has been continuously employed in deracemization and desymmetrization processes for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched products. In this review, we mainly focus on the developments of Cu-catalyzed AAS with racemic/meso substrates over the past two decades, providing an explicit outline of the ligands employed, the scope of nucleophiles, the underlying dynamic processes and their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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3
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Oeser P, Tobrman T. Organophosphates as Versatile Substrates in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:1593. [PMID: 38611872 PMCID: PMC11154425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of organophosphates in organic synthesis. After a brief introduction, it discusses cross-coupling reactions, including both transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free substitution reactions. Subsequently, oxidation and reduction reactions are described. In addition, this review highlights the applications of organophosphates in the synthesis of natural compounds, demonstrating their versatility and importance in modern synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
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4
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Chaves-Pouso A, Álvarez-Constantino AM, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Allylboration of Alkynes with Allylic gem-Dichlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117696. [PMID: 35263483 PMCID: PMC9314970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Allylic gem-dichlorides are shown to be efficient substrates for catalytic asymmetric allylboration of alkynes. The method employs a chiral NHC-Cu catalyst capable of generating in a single step chiral skipped dienes bearing a Z-alkenyl chloride, a trisubstituted E-alkenyl boronate and a bis-allylic stereocenter with excellent levels of chemo-, regio- enantio- and diastereoselectivity. This high degree of functionalization makes these products versatile building blocks as illustrated with the synthesis of several optically active compounds. DFT calculations support the key presence of a metal cation bridge ligand-substrate interaction and account for the stereoselectivity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves-Pouso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés M Álvarez-Constantino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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5
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Jiang B, Shi S. Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkylzirconocenes and Aryl Chlorides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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6
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Chaves‐Pouso A, Álvarez‐Constantino AM, Fañanás‐Mastral M. Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Allylboration of Alkynes with Allylic
gem
‐Dichlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves‐Pouso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Andrés M. Álvarez‐Constantino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás‐Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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7
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Nájera C, Foubelo F, Sansano JM, Yus M. Enantioselective desymmetrization reactions in asymmetric catalysis. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Kotha S, Agrawal A, Ansari S. Synthesis of Angular Triquinane and [4.3.3]Propellane Derivatives via Ring‐Rearrangement Olefin Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
| | - Arpit Agrawal
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
| | - Saima Ansari
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
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9
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Huang Z, Qin M, Guo X, Yang C, Li S. Achromatic and wide-field metalens in the visible region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13542-13551. [PMID: 33985087 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical metalens has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. To date, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve wide field and broadband imaging in the visible region, which is very important in many applications, such as cameras, microscopy, and other imaging devices. In this paper, we design a double-layer metalens to achieve achromatic imaging over a field of view (FOV) of 60° in the visible light range of 470 nm to 650 nm, and its performance is verified by numerical simulations. The numerical aperture (NA) of the metalens is 0.61 and the average focusing efficiency is > 50% at normal incidence. The metalens has an additional advantage of polarization insensitivity.
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10
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Némethová I, Šebesta R. Are Organozirconium Reagents Applicable in Current Organic Synthesis? SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe search for mild, user-friendly, easily accessible, and robust organometallic reagents is an important feature of organometallic chemistry. Ideally, new methodologies employing organometallics should be developed with respect to practical applications in syntheses of target compounds. In this short review, we investigate if organozirconium reagents can fulfill these criteria. Organozirconium compounds are typically generated via in situ hydrozirconation of alkenes or alkynes with the Schwartz reagent. Alkyl and alkenylzirconium reagents have proven to be convenient in conjugate additions, allylic substitutions, cross-coupling reactions, and additions to carbonyls or imines. Furthermore, the Schwartz reagent itself is a useful reducing agent for polar functional groups.1 Introduction2 Synthesis and Generation of the Schwartz Reagent3 Structure and Properties of Cp2Zr(H)Cl4 Reactivity of Organozirconium Reagents4.1 Asymmetric Conjugate Addition4.2 Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations4.3 Desymmetrization Reactions4.4 Cross-Coupling Reactions4.5 1,2-Additions5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry
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11
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Yang C, Gao Y, Bai S, Jiang C, Qi X. Chemoselective Cross-Coupling of gem-Borazirconocene Alkanes with Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11506-11513. [PMID: 32496064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct and chemoselective conversion of the carbon-metal bond of gem-dimetallic reagents enables rapid and sequential formation of multiple carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, thus representing a powerful method for efficiently increasing structural complexity. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced, nickel-catalyzed, chemoselective cross-coupling reaction between gem-borazirconocene alkanes and diverse aryl halides, affording a wide range of alkyl Bpin derivatives in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. This practical method features attractively simple reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope. Additionally, we systematically investigated a Bpin-directed chain walking process underlying the regioselectivity of alkylzirconocenes, thus uncovering the mechanism of the remote functionalization of internal olefins achieved with our method. Finally, DFT calculations indicate that the high regioselectivity of this reaction originates from the directing effect of the Bpin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yadong Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Guo Y, Harutyunyan SR. Copper-catalysed alkylation of heterocyclic acceptors with organometallic reagents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1006-1021. [PMID: 32509032 PMCID: PMC7237809 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalysed asymmetric C–C bond-forming reactions using organometallic reagents have developed into a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules with single or multiple stereogenic centres over the past decades. Among the various acceptors employed in such reactions, those with a heterocyclic core are of particular importance because of the frequent occurrence of heterocyclic scaffolds in the structures of chiral natural products and bioactive molecules. Hence, this review focuses on the progress made over the past 20 years for heterocyclic acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Wang JYJ, Fletcher SP. Synthesis of the Taxol Core via Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of an Alkylzirconium Nucleophile. Org Lett 2020; 22:4103-4106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu Joseph Wang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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14
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Exosomes derived from hucMSC attenuate renal fibrosis through CK1δ/β-TRCP-mediated YAP degradation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:327. [PMID: 32382019 PMCID: PMC7205986 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Ex) have been suggested as novel nanomaterials for regenerative medicine. Here we explored the roles of hucMSC-Ex through regulating Yes-associated protein (YAP) in renal injury repair by using rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models. Our study identified mechanical stress induced YAP nucleus expression and stimulated collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney. Then, infusion with hucMSC-Ex promoted YAP nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling and ameliorated renal fibrosis in UUO model. Interestingly, hucMSC-Ex delivered casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) and E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP to boost YAP ubiquitination and degradation. Knockdown of CK1δ and β-TRCP in hucMSC decreased the repairing effects of hucMSC-Ex on renal fibrosis. Our results suggest that hucMSC-Ex attenuates renal fibrosis through CK1δ/β-TRCP inhibited YAP activity, unveiling a new mechanism for the therapeutic effects of hucMSC-Ex on tissue injury and offering a potential approach for renal fibrosis treatment.
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15
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Gao Y, Yang C, Bai S, Liu X, Wu Q, Wang J, Jiang C, Qi X. Visible-Light-Induced Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Alkylzirconocenes from Unactivated Alkenes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Némethová I, Vargová D, Mudráková B, Filo J, Šebesta R. Reductive alkylation of imines via asymmetric Cu-catalyzed addition of organozirconium reagents. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Jacques R, Hell AM, Pullin RD, Fletcher SP. Desymmetrization of meso-bisphosphates via rhodium catalyzed asymmetric allylic arylation. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Brethomé AV, Paton RS, Fletcher SP. Retooling Asymmetric Conjugate Additions for Sterically Demanding Substrates with an Iterative Data-Driven Approach. ACS Catal 2019; 9:7179-7187. [PMID: 32064147 PMCID: PMC7011729 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
development of catalytic enantioselective methods is routinely
carried out using easily accessible and prototypical substrates. This
approach to reaction development often yields asymmetric methods that
perform poorly using substrates that are sterically or electronically
dissimilar to those used during the reaction optimization campaign.
Consequently, expanding the scope of previously optimized catalytic
asymmetric reactions to include more challenging substrates is decidedly
nontrivial. Here, we address this challenge through the development
of a systematic workflow to broaden the applicability and reliability
of asymmetric conjugate additions to substrates conventionally regarded
as sterically and electronically demanding. The copper-catalyzed asymmetric
conjugate addition of alkylzirconium nucleophiles to form tertiary
centers, although successful for linear alkyl chains, fails for more
sterically demanding linear α,β-unsaturated ketones. Key
to adapting this method to obtain high enantioselectivity was the
synthesis of modified phosphoramidite ligands, designed using quantitative
structure–selectivity relationships (QSSRs). Iterative rounds
of model construction and ligand synthesis were executed in parallel
to evaluate the performance of 20 chiral ligands. The copper-catalyzed
asymmetric addition is now more broadly applicable, even tolerating
linear enones bearing tert-butyl β-substituents.
The presence of common functional groups is tolerated in both nucleophiles
and electrophiles, giving up to 99% yield and 95% ee across 20 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Brethomé
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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