1
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Xin J, Hu Z, Yao YR, Ullah A, Han X, Xiang W, Jin H, Jiang Z, Yang S. Short Didysprosium Covalent Bond Enables High Magnetization Blocking Temperature of a Direct 4f-4f Coupled Dinuclear Single-Molecule Magnet. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17600-17605. [PMID: 38869355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Coupling two magnetic anisotropic lanthanide ions via a direct covalent bond is an effective way to realize high magnetization blocking temperature of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) by suppressing quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), whereas so far only single-electron lanthanide-lanthanide bonds with relatively large bond distances are stabilized in which coupling between lanthanide and the single electron dominates over weak direct 4f-4f coupling. Herein, we report for the first time synthesis of short Dy(II)-Dy(II) single bond (3.61 Å) confined inside a carbon cage in the form of an endohedral metallofullerene Dy2@C82. Such a direct Dy(II)-Dy(II) covalent bond renders a strong Dy-Dy antiferromagnetic coupling that effectively quenches QTM at zero magnetic field, thus opening up magnetic hysteresis up to 25 K using a field sweep rate of 25 Oe/s, concomitant with a high 100 s magnetization blocking temperature (TB,100s) of 27.2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Aman Ullah
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Kumari A, Kumar Mondal P, Verma P, Mahato P, S S, Mandal K, Polentarutti M, Lakshmanna Yapamanu A, Sankar J. A Bis-Porphyrin Cavitand Breathing-In to Constrict Bucky Balls. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401284. [PMID: 38642344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Bis-porphyrin cages have long been exploited to bind fullerenes selectively for various applications. The major consideration for an effective binding here had been the cavity size. Herein, we structurally demonstrate that a bis-Ni-porphyrin cavitand having even a smaller cavity can host a larger fullerene by a breathing and ruffling mechanism. It has also been shown that both the electronic and steric influence at the meso- positions of the porphyrin in fact dictate the binding character. The smaller cavity of 2NiD exhibits preferential binding for C70 over C60; however, surprisingly, the larger cavities in 2HD and 2NiTD display stronger affinities for C60 over the larger fullerene. We show here that the structural elasticity infused both by the metalloporphyrins and the connecting bridges play a major role in directing the binding. These conclusions have adequately been supported by structural and spectroscopic investigations. Additionally, the suitability of one of the conjugates for photoinduced charge-separation has been investigated using ultrafast transient absorption measurements. 2NiD⊃C60 has a charge separation timescale of ~0.8 ps, while charge recombination occurs at a longer timescale of ~920 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Preetika Verma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India -, 695551
| | - Paritosh Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Sujesh S
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Koushik Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Maurizio Polentarutti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adithya Lakshmanna Yapamanu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India -, 695551
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
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3
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Thilagar P, Nandi RP, Ghosh S. Heteroatom-Promoted Polyhexagonal Saddle-Shaped Molecular Structures and their Supramolecular Coassembly with C 60. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400398. [PMID: 38549365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with curved architecture can exhibit unique optoelectronic properties due to the concave-convex π-surface. However, synthesizing negatively curved saddle-shaped aromatic systems has been challenging due to the internal structural strain. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of two polyhexagonal molecular systems, 1 and 2, with saddle shape geometry by judiciously varying the aromatic moiety, avoiding the harsh synthetic methods as that of heptagonal aromatic saddle systems. The unique geometry preferences of B, N, and S furnish suitable curvature to the molecules, featuring saddle shape. The saddle geometry also enables them to interact with fullerene C60 , and the supramolecular interactions of fullerene C60 with 1 and 2 modify their optoelectronic properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1, with a small π-surface, forms a double columnar array of fullerenes in the solid state. In contrast, 2 with a large π-surface produces a supramolecular capsule entrapping two discrete fullerenes. The intermolecular interactions between B, N, S, and the aryl-π surface of the host and C60 guest are the stabilizing factors for creating these supramolecular structures. Comprehensive computational, optical, and Raman spectroscopic studies establish the charge transfer interactions between B-N doped heterocycle host and fullerene C60 guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Nandi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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4
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Oshchepkov AS. Buckybowl Molecular Tweezers for Recognition of Fullerenes. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400435. [PMID: 38775747 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Buckybowl tweezers are a relatively young research area closely associated with the development of non-planar polycyclic aromatic systems and supramolecular chemistry. Since the appearance of the first prototypes in the early 2000s, the tweezers have undergone evolutionary changes. Nowadays they are able to effectively interact with fullerenes and the results opened up prospects for development in the field of sensing, nonlinear optics, and molecular switchers. In the present study, examples of corannulene-based and other buckybowl tweezers for the recognition of C60 and C70 fullerenes were summarized and analyzed. The main structural components of the tweezers were also reviewed in detail and their role in the formation of complexes with fullerenes was evaluated. The revealed structural patterns should trigger the development of novel recognition systems and materials with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Oshchepkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Huang L, Wang Q, Fu P, Sun Y, Xu J, Browne DL, Huang J. Extended Quinolizinium-Fused Corannulene Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties. JACS AU 2024; 4:1623-1631. [PMID: 38665663 PMCID: PMC11040561 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Reported here is the design and synthesis of a novel class of extended quinolizinium-fused corannulene derivatives with curved geometry. These intriguing molecules were synthesized through a rationally designed synthetic strategy, utilizing double Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis and a rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation (CHAA) as the key steps. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed a bowl depth of 1.28-1.50 Å and a unique "windmill-like" shape packing of 12a(2PF6-) due to the curvature and incorporation of two aminium ions. All of the newly reported curved salts exhibit green to orange fluorescence with enhanced quantum yields (Φf = 9-13%) and improved dispersibility compared to the pristine corannulene (Φf = 1%). The reduced optical energy gap and lower energy frontier orbital found by doping extended corannulene systems with nitrogen cations was investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Electrochemical measurements reveal a greater electron-accepting behavior compared with that of their pyridine analogues. The successful synthesis, isolation, and evaluation of these curved salts provide a fresh perspective and opportunity for the design of cationic nitrogen-doped curved aromatic hydrocarbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Sun
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N
1AX, U.K.
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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6
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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7
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Ruan L, Luo W, Zhang H, Liu P, Shi Y, An P. Cycl[2,2,4]azine-embedded non-alternant nanographenes containing fused antiaromatic azepine ring. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1511-1519. [PMID: 38274082 PMCID: PMC10806646 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alternant nanographenes has attracted considerable attention due to their unique photophysical properties. Herein, we reported a novel aza-doped, non-alternant nanographene (NG) 1 by embedding the cycl[2,2,4]azine unit into the benzenoid NG framework. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry suggests saddle or twisted nonplanar geometry of the entire backbone of 1 and coplanar conformation of the cycl[2,2,4]azine unit. DFT calculation together with solid structure indicates that NG 1 possesses significant local antiaromaticity in the azepine ring. By oxidative process or trifluoroacetic acid treatment, this nanographene can transform into a mono-radical cation, which was confirmed by UV/Vis absorption, 1H NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The antiaromaticity/aromaticity switching of the azepine ring on 1˙+ from 1 enables the high stability of this radical cation, which remained intact for over 1 day. Due to the electron-donating nature of the nitrogen and the unique electronic structure, NG 1 exhibits strong electron-donating properties, as proved by the intermolecular charge transfer towards C60 with a high association constant. Furthermore, selective modification of NG 1 was accomplished by Vilsmeier reaction, and the derivatives 7 and 8 with substituted benzophenone were obtained. The photophysical and electronic properties can be tuned by the introduction of different electronic groups in benzophenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wanhua Luo
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yong Shi
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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8
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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9
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Guan R, Huang J, Xin J, Chen M, Du P, Li Q, Tan YZ, Yang S, Xie SY. A stabilization rule for metal carbido cluster bearing μ 3-carbido single-atom-ligand encapsulated in carbon cage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:150. [PMID: 38167842 PMCID: PMC10761991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal carbido complexes bearing single-carbon-atom ligand such as nitrogenase provide ideal models of adsorbed carbon atoms in heterogeneous catalysis. Trimetallic μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes found recently represent the simplest metal carbido complexes with the ligands being only carbon atoms, but only few are crystallographically characterized, and its formation prerequisite is unclear. Herein, we synthesize and isolate three vanadium-based μ3-CCFs featuring V = C double bonds and high valence state of V (+4), including VSc2C@Ih(7)-C80, VSc2C@D5h(6)-C80 and VSc2C@D3h(5)-C78. Based on a systematic theoretical study of all reported μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes, we further propose a supplemental Octet Rule, i.e., an eight-electron configuration of the μ3-carbido ligand is needed for stabilization of metal carbido clusters within μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes. Distinct from the classic Effective Atomic Number rule based on valence electron count of metal proposed in the 1920s, this rule counts the valence electrons of the single-carbon-atom ligand, and offers a general rule governing the stabilities of μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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10
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Wang WF, Liu KQ, Niu C, Wang YS, Yao YR, Yin ZC, Chen M, Ye SQ, Yang S, Wang GW. Electrosynthesis of buckyballs with fused-ring systems from PCBM and its analogue. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8052. [PMID: 38052783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a star molecule in the fullerene field, has found wide applications in materials science. Herein, electrosynthesis of buckyballs with fused-ring systems has been achieved through radical α-C-H functionalization of the side-chain ester for both PCBM and its analogue, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-propionic acid methyl ester (PCPM), in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen. Two classes of buckyballs with fused bi- and tricyclic carbocycles have been electrochemically synthesized. Furthermore, an unknown type of a bisfulleroid with two tethered [6,6]-open orifices can also be efficiently generated from PCPM. All three types of products have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A representative intramolecularly annulated isomer of PCBM has been applied as an additive to inverted planar perovskite solar cells and boosted a significant enhancement of power conversion efficiency from 15.83% to 17.67%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Qing Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Shu Wang
- Hefei No. 1 High School, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Chun Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Qi Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China.
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11
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Jin H, Xin J, Xiang W, Jiang Z, Han X, Chen M, Du P, Yao YR, Yang S. Bandgap Engineering of Erbium-Metallofullerenes toward Switchable Photoluminescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304121. [PMID: 37805835 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating photoluminescent lanthanide ions like erbium (Er) into fullerene cages affords photoluminescent endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). Few reported photoluminescent Er-EMFs are all based on encapsulation of multiple (two to three) metal atoms, whereas mono-Er-EMFs exemplified by Er@C82 are not photoluminescent due to its narrow optical bandgap. Herein, by entrapping an Er-cyanide cluster into various C82 cages to form novel Er-monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs), ErCN@C82 (C2 (5), Cs (6), and C2 v (9)), the photoluminescent properties of CYCFs are investigated, and obvious near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence only is observed for ErCN@C2 (5)-C82 . Combined with a comparative photoluminescence study of three medium-bandgap di-Er-EMFs, including Er2 @Cs (6)-C82 , Er2 O@Cs (6)-C82 , and Er2 C2 @Cs (6)-C82 , this study proposes that the optical bandgap can be used as a simple criterion for switching the photoluminescence of Er-EMFs, and the bandgap threshold is determined to be between 0.83 and 0.74 eV. Furthermore, the photoluminescent patterns of these three di-Er-EMFs differ dramatically. It is found that the location of the Er atom within the same Cs (6)-C82 cage is almost fixed and independent on the endo-unit; thus the previous statement on the key role of metal position in photoluminescence of di-Er-EMFs seems erroneous, and the geometric configuration of the endo-unit, especially the bridging mode of two Er ions, is decisive instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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12
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Liu TX, Wang X, Xia S, Chen M, Li M, Yang P, Ma N, Hu Z, Yang S, Zhang G, Wang GW. Dearomative Ring-Fused Azafulleroids and Carbazole-Derived Metallofullerenes: Reactivity Dictated by Encapsulation in a Fullerene Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313074. [PMID: 37789646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report divergent additions of 2,2'-diazidobiphenyls to C60 and Sc3 N@Ih -C80 . In stark contrast to that of the previously reported bis-azide additions, the unexpected cascade reaction leads to the dearomative formation of azafulleroids 2 fused with a 7-6-5-membered ring system in the case of C60 . In contrast, the corresponding reaction with Sc3 N@Ih -C80 switches to the C-H insertion pathway, thereby resulting in multiple isomers, including a carbazole-derived [6,6]-azametallofulleroid 3 and a [5,6]-azametallofulleroid 4 and an unusual 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]carbazole-derived metallofullerene 5, whose molecular structures have been unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Among them, the addition type of 5 is observed for the first time in all reported additions of azides to fullerenes. Furthermore, unexpected isomerizations from 3 to 5 and from 4 to 5 have been discovered, providing the first examples of the isomerization of an azafulleroid to a carbazole-derived fullerene rather than an aziridinofullerene. In particular, the isomerism of the [5,6]-isomer 4 to the [5,6]-isomer 5 is unprecedented in fullerene chemistry, contradicting the present understanding that isomerization generally occurs between [5,6]- and [6,6]-isomers. Control experiments have been carried out to rationalize the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, representative azafulleroids have been applied in organic solar cells, thereby resulting in improved power conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Panting Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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13
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Xing Z, Liu F, Li SH, Huang X, Fan A, Huang Q, Yang S. Bowl-Assisted Ball Assembly for Solvent-Processing the C 60 Electron Transport Layer of High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305357. [PMID: 37313642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pristine fullerene C60 is an excellent electron transport material for state-of-the-art inverted structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its low solubility leaves thermal evaporation as the only method for depositing it into a high-quality electron transport layer (ETL). To address this problem, we herein introduce a highly soluble bowl-shaped additive, corannulene, to assist in C60 -assembly into a smooth and compact film through the favorable bowl-ball interaction. Our results show that not only corannulene can dramatically enhance the film formability of C60 , it also plays a critical role in forming C60 -corannulene (CC) supramolecular species and in boosting intermolecular electron transport dynamics in the ETL. This strategy has allowed CC devices to deliver high power conversion efficiencies up to 21.69 %, which is the highest value among the PSCs based on the solution-processed-C60 (SP-C60 ) ETL. Moreover, the stability of the CC device is far superior to that of the C60 -only device because corannulene can retard and curb the spontaneous aggregation of C60 . This work establishes the bowl-assisted ball assembly strategy for developing low-cost and efficient SP-C60 ETLs with high promise for fully-SP PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianzhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ajuan Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Insitute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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14
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Fang P, Chen M, Yin N, Zhuang G, Chen T, Zhang X, Du P. Regulating supramolecular interactions in dimeric macrocycles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5425-5430. [PMID: 37234903 PMCID: PMC10207885 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular behavior is highly dependent on many factors, including complicated microenvironments and weak interactions. Herein, we describe tuning supramolecular architectures of rigid macrocycles by synergistic effects of their geometric configurations, sizes, and guests. Two paraphenylene-based macrocycles are anchored onto different positions in a triphenylene derivative, resulting in dimeric macrocycles with different shapes and configurations. Interestingly, these dimeric macrocycles show tunable supramolecular interactions with guests. In solid state, a 2 : 1 host-guest complex was observed between 1a and C60/C70, while an unusual 2 : 3 host-guest complex 3C60@(1b)2 can be observed between 1b and C60. This work expands the scope of the synthesis of novel rigid bismacrocycles and provides a new strategy to construct different supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Nan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310032 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tianyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
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15
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Yang S, Zhou X, Hu Y, Abella L, Yao YR, Peng P, Zhang Q, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Li FF. Effects of Solvents on Reaction Products: Synthesis of Endohedral Metallofullerene Oxazoline and Epoxide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4234-4243. [PMID: 36989519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we performed the reactions of M3N@Ih-C80 (M = Sc and Lu) with the methanol (CH3OH) solution of TBAOH (note that both CH3O- and OH- are nucleophiles) in benzonitrile (PhCN) and dimethylformamide, respectively. It is found that OH- ions rather than CH3O- ions selectively attacked the fullerene cage to form the M3N@C80--O- intermediate. Although the fullerene cage is initially attacked by OH- in both PhCN and DMF solvents, the products are quite different. In PhCN, two isomeric Sc3N@Ih-C80 fullerooxazoline heterocyclic products (1 and 2) were synthesized. Whereas, in DMF, an epoxide of Lu3N@Ih-C80 (3) was obtained. The preference for fullerooxazoline formation over that of fullerene epoxy in PhCN is well explained by density functional theory calculations. Plausible reaction mechanisms for the formation of metallofullerene oxazoline and epoxide were proposed based on the experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yajing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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16
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Ikemoto K, Takahashi K, Ozawa T, Isobe H. Akaike's Information Criterion for Stoichiometry Inference of Supramolecular Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219059. [PMID: 36764927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
"How do we decide the stoichiometry of host-guest complexes?" This question has long been answered by the Job plot since its first report in 1928. However, as the Job plot was claimed to be misleading in 2016, the question became an open question again and called for renewed investigations. An information-theoretic approach, called Akaike's information criterion, is introduced in this study to select the best model of host-guest complexes, which can rank the models with weight of evidence. A few test cases with unique cylindrical hosts were examined to demonstrate the applicability of the information-theoretic method. Consequently, reasonable views over the thermodynamic behaviors of dumbbell-and-cylinder complexes were obtained. Akaike's information criterion can be a useful and superior alternative to statistical null hypothesis testing, which was proposed as a remedy in place of the Job plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kanato Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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17
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Wang L, Liu YL, Li QJ, He D, Chen SH, Wang MS. Effect of intermolecular interaction of the charge-transfer complex between molecular "tweezers" and C 60/C 70 on second-order nonlinear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8799-8808. [PMID: 36912257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
To enhance understanding of the correlation between the intermolecular interaction and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, we studied a "molecular tweezer" with two corannulene substituents linked by a tetrahydro[5]helicene imide, which enabled highly sensitive and selective complexation of C60/C70 through convex-concave π-π interactions. The geometric structure, molecular orbitals, intermolecular interactions, electron absorption spectra and second-order NLO properties of the charge-transfer (CT) complexes formed by molecular tweezers and C60/C70 were studied by density functional theory. Larger fullerenes helped to increase the intermolecular interaction and CT, thereby increasing the first hyperpolarizabilities of CT complexes. Embedding of lithium ions helped to enhance the electron-absorption ability of fullerenes, thereby increasing the intermolecular interaction and intermolecular CT and, thus, enhancing their first hyperpolarizability significantly. Our data indicated that, through structure adjustment (including increasing the volume of fullerene and embedding alkali metal ions), we could enhance intermolecular interactions and improve intermolecular CT significantly. These actions could improve the second-order NLO properties of CT complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Quan-Jiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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18
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Qiu ZL, Cheng Y, Zeng Q, Wu Q, Zhao XJ, Xie RJ, Feng L, Liu K, Tan YZ. Synthesis and Interlayer Assembly of a Graphenic Bowl with Peripheral Selenium Annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3289-3293. [PMID: 36745399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pentagonal cyclization at the bay positions of armchair-edged graphenic cores can build molecular bowls without the destruction of hexagonal lattices. However, this synthesis remains challenging due to unfavorable strain and the multiple reactions required. Here, we show that a new type of graphenic molecular bowl with a depth of 1.7 Å and a diameter of 1.2 nm is constructed by sextuple Se annulation at the bay positions of armchair-edged hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene. This graphenic bowl is functionalized with phenylseleno groups that stack into a discrete bilayer dimer in solution. Such a dimer exhibits high stability and survives in the gas phase after laser ablation. Strikingly, the asymmetric one-dimensional supramolecular columns of graphenic bowl with coherent stacking configuration are observed in the solid state, which results in a strong second harmonic generation with prominent polarization dependence. Our findings present a concise synthesis of a giant molecular bowl with a graphenic core and demonstrate the unique supramolecular assembly of extended graphenic bowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong-Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - LiuBin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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19
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Xiang W, Jiang X, Yao YR, Xin J, Jin H, Guan R, Zhang Q, Chen M, Xie SY, Popov AA, Yang S. Monometallic Endohedral Azafullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21587-21595. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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20
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Self-driven carbon atom implantation into fullerene embedding metal-carbon cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202563119. [PMID: 36122234 PMCID: PMC9522327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202563119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of members have been synthesized and versatile applications have been promised for endofullerenes (EFs) in the past 30 y. However, the formation mechanism of EFs is still a long-standing puzzle to chemists, especially the mechanism of embedding clusters into charged carbon cages. Here, based on synthesis and structures of two representative vanadium-scandium-carbido/carbide EFs, VSc2C@Ih (7)-C80 and VSc2C2@Ih (7)-C80, a reasonable mechanism-C1 implantation (a carbon atom is implanted into carbon cage)-is proposed to interpret the evolution from VSc2C carbido to VSc2C2 carbide cluster. Supported by theoretical calculations together with crystallographic characterization, the single electron on vanadium (V) in VSc2C@Ih (7)-C80 is proved to facilitate the C1 implantation. While the V=C double bond is identified for VSc2C@Ih (7)-C80, after C1 implantation the distance between V and C atoms in VSc2C2@Ih (7)-C80 falls into the range of single bond lengths as previously shown in typical V-based organometallic complexes. This work exemplifies in situ self-driven implantation of an outer carbon atom into a charged carbon cage, which is different from previous heterogeneous implantation of nonmetal atoms (Group-V or -VIII atoms) driven by high-energy ion bombardment or high-pressure offline, and the proposed C1 implantation mechanism represents a heretofore unknown metal-carbon cluster encapsulation mechanism and can be the fundamental basis for EF family genesis.
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21
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Han X, Xin J, Yao Y, Liang Z, Qiu Y, Chen M, Yang S. Capturing the Long-Sought Dy@ C2v(5)-C 80 via Benzyl Radical Stabilization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3291. [PMID: 36234419 PMCID: PMC9565622 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are one type of intriguing metal/carbon hybrid molecule with the molecule configuration of sphere cavity-encapsulating metal ions/metal clusters due to their unique physicochemical properties and corresponding application in the fields of biological materials, single molecule magnet materials and energy conversion materials. Although the EMF family is growing, and versatile EMFs have been successfully synthesized and confirmed using crystal structures, some expected EMF members have not been observed using the conventional fullerene separation and purify strategy. These missing EMFs raise an interesting scientific issue as to whether this is due to the difficulty in separating them from the in situ formed carbon soot. Herein, we successfully captured a long-sought dysprosium-based EMF bearing a C2v(5)-C80 cage (Dy@C2v(5)-C80) in the form of Dy@C2v(5)-C80(CH2Ph)(Ph = -C6H5) from carbon soot containing versatile EMFs using simple benzyl radical functionalization and unambiguously confirmed the molecule structure using single crystal X-ray diffraction characterization. Meanwhile, the crystal structure of Dy@C2v(5)-C80(CH2Ph) showed that a single benzyl group was grafted onto the (5,6,6)-carbon, suggesting the open-shell electronic configuration of Dy@C2v(5)-C80. The theoretical calculations unveiled that the benzyl radical addition enables the modulation of the electronic configuration of Dy@C2v(5)-C80 and the corresponding stabilization of Dy@C2v(5)-C80 in conventional organic solvents. This facile stabilization strategy via benzyl radical addition exhibits the considerable capability to capture these missing EMFs, with the benefit of enriching the endohedral fullerene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Han
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yangrong Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Luan K, Lin QF, Xie FF, Wang Y, Li YF, Wang L, Deng LL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Molecular Tweezer Based on Perylene and Crown Ether for Selective Recognition of Fullerenes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31442-31447. [PMID: 36092566 PMCID: PMC9453932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A molecular tweezer trans-di(perylene-3-ylmethanaminobenzo)-18-crown-6 (DP-18C6) incorporating two perylene subunits in a single crown ether core was designed and synthesized as a host for fullerenes. Through the cooperative effect of the perylene subunits and the crown ether moiety, DP-18C6 can efficiently recognize fullerenes including C60, C70, and C76. 1H NMR titration and fluorescence titration experiments demonstrated that DP-18C6 can effectively grasp the fullerene molecule to form a 1:1 host-guest complex. Density functional theory calculations revealed the presence of intermolecular π-π interactions between the perylene subunits of DP-18C6 and the fullerene molecule. More importantly, DP-18C6 exhibited remarkably high binding selectivity for higher fullerenes over C60, revealing potential application for the separation of fullerenes by means of host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Luan
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiao-Fen Lin
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xie
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin-Long Deng
- Pen-Tung
Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State
Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Xie FF, Chen ZC, Wu YH, Tian HR, Deng SL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Carbene Addition Isomers of C 70 formed in the Flame of Low-Pressure Combustion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3087. [PMID: 36144875 PMCID: PMC9503469 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the flames during low-pressure combustion, not only a rich variety of fullerenes but also many reactive intermediates can be produced (e.g., carbene, CH2) that are short-lived and cannot be stabilized directly under normal circumstances. These intermediates can be captured by fullerene carbon cages for stabilization. In this paper, three C71H2 isomers were synthesized in situ in low-pressure benzene-acetylene-oxygen diffusion flame combustion. The results, which were unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, show that the three isomers are carbene addition products of D5h-C70 on different sites. The relative energies and stability of different C71H2 isomers are revealed by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, in combination with theoretical calculations, in this work. Both the in situ capture and theoretical study of these C71H2 isomers in low-pressure combustion will provide more information regarding carbene additions to other fullerenes or other carbon clusters at high temperatures.
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24
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Xie FF, Chen ZC, Zhang M, Xie XM, Chen LF, Tian HR, Deng SL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Capturing nonclassical C 70 with double heptagons in low-pressure combustion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9814-9817. [PMID: 35975480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A double-heptagon-containing C70H6 (dihept-C70H6) was isolated and unambiguously characterized in the soot of low-pressure combustion, which shares the identical heptagonal cage as dihept-C70Cl6 previously identified in the products of carbon arc, and thus represents the first nonclassical fullerene isolable in both carbon arc and combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ling-Fang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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25
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Niu C, Liu Z, Chen M, Yang S, Wang GW. Unexpected Formation of Pyrazoline-Fused Metallofullerenes from the Multicomponent Cascade Reaction of Sc 3N@ Ih-C 80 with Tetrazines, Water, and Oxygen. Org Lett 2022; 24:3493-3498. [PMID: 35543417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The multicomponent cascade reaction of Sc3N@Ih-C80 with 3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazines, water, and oxygen unexpectedly affords the pyrazoline-fused Sc3N@Ih-C80 derivatives. The obtained endohedral metallofullerene derivatives have been characterized by various spectral means, and their structures have been unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A possible reaction mechanism via a complicated sequence of Diels-Alder reaction, retro Diels-Alder reaction, hydration, rearrangement, and dehydrogenation processes is proposed for the formation of pyrazoline-fused metallofullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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26
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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27
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Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang Z, Ling K, Fu P, Fang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S, Jiang S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qu
d
its. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zi‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Kun Ling
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Peng‐Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ye‐Xin Wang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- School of Engineering University of Greenwich Central Avenue Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK
- Materials Department Oxford University Oxford UK
| | | | - Song Gao
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Shang‐Da Jiang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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28
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Chen M, Zhao Y, Jin F, Li M, Guan R, Xin J, Yao YR, Zhao X, Wang GW, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Decisive role of non-rare earth metals in high-regioselectivity addition of μ 3-carbido clusterfullerene. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of μ3-CCF Dy2TiC@Ih-C80 with AdN2 affords only one [6,6]-open monoadduct along with the addition sites adjacent to the Ti4+ ion instead of the two Dy3+ ions, revealing the decisive role of the non-rare earth metal Ti(IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- School of materials science and chemical engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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29
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Jiang SD, Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang ZY, Ling K, Fu PX, Fang YH, Wang YX, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qudits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115263. [PMID: 34913233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral nitrogen fullerenes have been proposed as building blocks for quantum information processing due to their long spin coherence time. However, addressability of the individual electron spin levels in such a multiplet system of 4S3/2 has never been achieved because of the molecular isotropy and transition degeneracy among the Zeeman levels. Herein, by molecular engineering, we lifted the degeneracy by zero-field splitting effects and made the multiple transitions addressable by a liquid-crystal-assisted method. The endohedral nitrogen fullerene derivatives with rigid addends of spiro structure and large aspect ratios of regioselective bis-addition improve the ordering of the spin ensemble. These samples empower endohedral-fullerene-based qudits, in which the transitions between the 4 electron spin levels were respectively addressed and coherently manipulated. The quantum geometric phase manipulation, which has long been proposed for the advantages in error tolerance and gating speed, was implemented in a pure electron spin system using molecules for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Da Jiang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wushan Road 381, 510641, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Shen Zhou
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- National University of Defense Technology, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kun Ling
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Zheng Liu
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | | | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Oxford University: University of Oxford, Materials Department, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Song Gao
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
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30
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five-Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo- and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112589. [PMID: 34738305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripherally π-extended corannulenes bearing quintuple azahelicene units, 10 and 11, were prepared and their dynamic behaviors were studied experimentally and theoretically. The fused corannulenes were synthesized from sym-pentabromocorannulene in three steps. X-Ray diffraction analysis for 10 displayed a conformer possessing a P(M) bowl chirality and a PPMPM (PMPMM) helical chirality, which was found to be the most stable conformer(s). Variable-temperature NMR measurements of 10 and 11 revealed that their structural isomers can be interconvertible in solution, depending on the steric congestion around the helical scaffolds. Automated search for conformers in the equilibrium and transition states by Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) method revealed their interconversion networks, including bowl-inversion and helical-inversion. This analysis indicated that the co-existing corannulene and azahelicene moieties influence the conformational dynamics, which leads to mitigation of the activation energy barriers for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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31
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Leith GA, Shustova NB. Graphitic supramolecular architectures based on corannulene, fullerene, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10125-10138. [PMID: 34523630 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we survey the advances made in the field of fulleretic materials over the last five years. Merging the intriguing characteristics of fulleretic molecules with hierarchical materials can lead to enhanced properties of the latter for applications in optoelectronic, biomaterial, and heterogeneous catalysis sectors. As there has been significant growth in the development of fullerene- and corannulene-containing materials, this article will focus on studies performed during the last five years exclusively, and highlight the recent trends in designing fulleretic compounds and understanding their properties, that has enriched the repertoire of carbon-rich functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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Guan R, Chen M, Xin J, Xie XM, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Capturing the Missing Carbon Cage Isomer of C 84 via Mutual Stabilization of a Triangular Monometallic Cyanide Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8078-8085. [PMID: 34010566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs) represent a unique branch of endohedral clusterfullerenes with merely one metal atom encapsulated, offering a model system for elucidating structure-property correlation, while up to now only C82 and C76 cages have been isolated for the pristine CYCFs. C84 is one of the most abundant fullerenes and has 24 isomers obeying the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), among which 14 isomers have been already isolated, whereas the C2v(17)-C84 isomer has lower relative energy than several isolated isomers but never been found for empty and endohedral fullerenes. Herein, four novel C84-based pristine CYCFs with variable encapsulated metals and isomeric cages, including MCN@C2(13)-C84 (M = Y, Dy, Tb) and DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, have been synthesized and isolated, fulfilling the first identification of the missing C2v(17)-C84 isomer, which can be interconverted from the C2(13)-C84 isomer through two steps of Stone-Wales transformation. The molecular structures of these four C84-based CYCFs are determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, although the ionic radii of Y3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ differ slightly by only 0.01 Å, such a subtle difference leads to an obvious change in the metal-cage interactions, as inferred from the distance between the metal atom and the nearest hexagon center of the C2(13)-C84 cage. On the other hand, upon altering the isomeric cage from DyCN@C2(13)-C84 to DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, the Dy-cage distance changes as well, indicating the interplay between the encapsulated DyCN cluster and the outer cage. Therefore, we demonstrate that the metal-cage interactions within CYCFs can be steered via both internal and external routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Hu Y, Yao YR, Liu X, Yu A, Xie X, Abella L, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Akasaka T, Peng P, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Li FF, Lu X. Unexpected formation of 1,2- and 1,4-bismethoxyl Sc 3N@ I h-C 80 derivatives via regioselective anion addition: an unambiguous structural identification and mechanism study. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8123-8130. [PMID: 34194702 PMCID: PMC8208303 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An attempt to achieve heterocyclic cycloadducts of Sc3N@I h-C80 via reaction with Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh or PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]N in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) stored in CH3OH led to the formation of the unexpected bismethoxyl adducts of Sc3N@I h-C80 (1 and 2). Further studies reveal that TBAOH in CH3OH can boost the CH3O- addition efficiently, regardless of the presence of other reagents. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results firmly assign the molecular structures of 1 and 2 as respective 1,4- and 1,2-bismethoxyl adducts, and reveal unusual relationships between the internal Sc3N cluster and the addition modes, in addition to the unusual packing mode in view of the orientation of the methoxyl groups. Electrochemical results demonstrate smaller electrochemical gaps for 1 and 2, relative to that of Sc3N@I h-C80, confirming their better electroactive properties. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism involving anion addition and a radical reaction was proposed, presenting new insights into the highly selective reactions between the methoxyl anion and metallofullerenes. 1 and 2 represent the first examples of methoxyl derivatives of metallofullerenes. This work not only presents a novel and facile strategy for the controllable synthesis of alkoxylated metallofullerene derivatives, but also provides new non-cycloadducts for the potential applications of EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xuechen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Ao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Ping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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Oki K, Takase M, Kobayashi N, Uno H. Synthesis and Characterization of Peralkylated Pyrrole-Fused Azacoronene. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5102-5109. [PMID: 33621082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (HPHAC) with 12 less-bulky peripheral ethyl groups than its aryl-containing HPHAC counterpart was synthesized to investigate the innate character of HPHAC. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that HPHAC had a planar structure and close packing because of CH-π interactions between the alkyl groups and the HPHAC core. Compared to the previously reported HPHAC decorated with 12 peripheral aryl groups, this electron-rich π-system exhibited reversible multistep oxidations at low potentials and easily formed mono- and dicationic salts and charge-transfer (CT) complexes with 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane. These oxidized species exhibited clear changes in the bond-length alternation of the pyrrole units in the crystal state, indicating charge and spin delocalization. The distinct upfield shift of the central carbon signal of the dication in the 13C NMR spectrum affirms the global aromaticity from the viewpoint of a magnetic criterion. In the UV-vis/NIR spectra, broad absorption in the NIR region was observed only for HPHAC2+ and not the structurally similar cyclo[6]pyrrole. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements and time-dependent density functional theory calculations revealed that the broad absorption was assigned to the CT transition from the central benzene ring to the outer pyrrole rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Jin F, Xin J, Guan R, Xie XM, Chen M, Zhang Q, Popov AA, Xie SY, Yang S. Stabilizing a three-center single-electron metal-metal bond in a fullerene cage. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6890-6895. [PMID: 34123317 PMCID: PMC8153215 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimetallic carbide clusterfullerenes (TCCFs) encapsulating a quinary M3C2 cluster represent a special family of endohedral fullerenes with an open-shell electronic configuration. Herein, a novel TCCF based on a medium-sized rare earth metal, dysprosium (Dy), is synthesized for the first time. The molecular structure of Dy3C2@I h(7)-C80 determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the encapsulated Dy3C2 cluster adopts a bat ray configuration, in which the acetylide unit C2 is elevated above the Dy3 plane by ∼1.66 Å, while Dy-Dy distances are ∼3.4 Å. DFT computational analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the endohedral cluster has an unusual formal charge distribution of (Dy3)8+(C2)2-@C80 6- and features an unprecedented three-center single-electron Dy-Dy-Dy bond, which has never been reported for lanthanide compounds. Moreover, this electronic structure is different from that of the analogous Sc3C2@I h(7)-C80 with a (Sc3)9+(C2)3-@C80 6- charge distribution and no metal-metal bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Mate-rials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Mate-rials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) Helmholtzstrasse 20 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Mate-rials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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Muñoz-Castro A, MacLeod Carey D, Arratia-Perez R. Relativistic effects on dative carbon-coinage metal bond. Evaluation of NHC-MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) from relativistic DFT. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang Y, Guan R, Chen M, Shen Y, Pan Q, Lian Y, Yang S. Favorite Orientation of the Carbon Cage and a Unique Two-Dimensional-Layered Packing Model in the Cocrystals of Nd@C82(I,II) Isomers with Decapyrrylcorannulene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1462-1471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongpeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qingjiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Hao Y, Wang Y, Spree L, Liu F. Rotation of fullerene molecules in the crystal lattice of fullerene/porphyrin: C60 and Sc3N@C80. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature driven rotation of the encapsulated Sc3N cluster in a C80 fullerene cage was unraveled by variable temperature X-ray diffraction, which is significantly different from its analogues (Ho2LuN/Lu3N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Hao
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
- Pingdingshan University
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
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Xin J, Jin F, Guan R, Chen M, Xie XM, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Ancient pigment to treasure: Prussian blue as a cheap solid cyanide/nitrogen dual-source affording the high-yield syntheses of pricey endohedral clusterfullerenes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prussian blue was applied for the first time as a cheap solid cyanide/nitrogen dual-source, affording simplified yet high-yield simultaneous syntheses of novel dysprosium-based metal cyanide clusterfullerenes and metal nitride clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
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Su Y, Chen Z, Tian H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Xie S, Zheng L. Implications of Nitrogen Doping on Geometrical and Electronic Structure of the Fullerene Dimers. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Su
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zuo‐Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Han‐Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Yan Xu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Su‐Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lan‐Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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Solel E, Pappo D, Reany O, Mejuch T, Gershoni-Poranne R, Botoshansky M, Stanger A, Keinan E. Flat corannulene: when a transition state becomes a stable molecule. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13015-13025. [PMID: 34094486 PMCID: PMC8163244 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04566g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat corannulene has been considered so far only as a transition state of the bowl-to-bowl inversion process. This study was driven by the prediction that substituents with strong steric repulsion could destabilize the bowl-shaped conformation of this molecule to such an extent that the highly unstable planar geometry would become an isolable molecule. To examine the substituents' effect on the corannulene bowl depth, optimized structures for the highly-congested decakis(t-butylsulfido)corannulene were calculated. The computations, performed with both the M06-2X/def2-TZVP and the B3LYP/def2-TZVP methods (the latter with and without Grimme's D3 dispersion correction), predict that this molecule can achieve two minimum structures: a flat carbon framework and a bowl-shaped structure, which are very close in energy. This rather unusual compound was easily synthesized from decachlorocorannulene under mild reaction conditions, and X-ray crystallographic studies gave similar results to the theoretical predictions. This compound crystallized in two different polymorphs, one exhibiting a completely flat corannulene core and the other having a bowl-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrath Solel
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Avinoam Adam Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808 Ra'anana 4353701 Israel
| | - Tom Mejuch
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
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Koenig RM, Tian HR, Seeler TL, Tepper KR, Franklin HM, Chen ZC, Xie SY, Stevenson S. Fullertubes: Cylindrical Carbon with Half-Fullerene End-Caps and Tubular Graphene Belts, Their Chemical Enrichment, Crystallography of Pristine C 90- D5h(1) and C 100- D5d(1) Fullertubes, and Isolation of C 108, C 120, C 132, and C 156 Cages of Unknown Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15614-15623. [PMID: 32830484 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a chemical separation method to isolate fullertubes: a new and soluble allotrope of carbon whose structure merges nanotube, graphene, and fullerene subunits. Fullertubes possess single-walled carbon nanotube belts resembling a rolled graphene midsection, but with half-fullerene end-caps. Unlike nanotubes, fullertubes are reproducible in structure, possess a defined molecular weight, and are soluble in pristine form. The high reactivity of amines with spheroidal fullerene cages enables their removal and allows a facile isolation of C96-D3d(3), C90-D5h(1), and C100-D5d(1) fullertubes. A nonchromatographic step (Stage 1) uses a selective reaction of carbon cages with aminopropanol to permit a highly enriched sample of fullertubes. Spheroidal fullerenes are reacted and removed by attaching water-soluble groups onto their cage surfaces. With this enriched (100-1000 times) fullertube mixture, Stage 2 becomes a simple HPLC collection with a single column. This two-stage separation approach permits fullertubes in scalable quantities. Characterization of purified C100-D5d(1) fullertubes is done with samples isolated in pristine and unfunctionalized form. Surprisingly, C60 and C100-D5d(1) are both purplish in solution. For X-ray crystallographic analysis, we used decapyrrylcorannulene (DPC). Isomerically purified C90 and C100 fullertubes were mixed with DPC to obtain black cocrystals of 2DPC{C90-D5h(1)}·4(toluene) and 2DPC{C100-D5d(1)}·4(toluene), respectively. A serendipitous outcome of this chemical separation approach is the enrichment and purification of several unreported larger carbon species, e.g., C120, C132, and C156. Isolation of these higher cage species represents a significant advance in the unknown experimental arena of C100-C200 structures. Our findings represent seminal experimental evidence for the existence of two mathematically predicted families of fullertubes: one family with an axial hexagon with the other series based on an axial pentagon ring. Fullertubes have been predicted theoretically, and herein is their experimental evidence, isolation, and initial characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Koenig
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, Fort Wayne Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tiffany L Seeler
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, Fort Wayne Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Katelyn R Tepper
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, Fort Wayne Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Hannah M Franklin
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, Fort Wayne Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Steven Stevenson
- Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, Fort Wayne Indiana 46805, United States
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43
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Xie F, Finney NS. Synthesis and optical properties of mono- and diaminocorannulenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10525-10528. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of aminocorannulenes leads to the discovery of surprising properties: tunable visible emission; solid-state fluorescence; water-soluble fluorescent corannulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Health Sciences Platform
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Nathaniel S. Finney
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Health Sciences Platform
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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44
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Renner R, Stolte M, Würthner F. Self-Assembly of Bowl-Shaped Naphthalimide-Annulated Corannulene. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:32-39. [PMID: 31921543 PMCID: PMC6946951 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of a bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene of high solubility has been studied in a variety of solvents by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Evaluation by the anti-cooperative K2-K model revealed the formation of supramolecular dimers of outstanding thermodynamic stability. Further structural proof for the almost exclusive formation of dimers over extended aggregates is demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements as well as by theoretical calculations. Thus, herein we present the first report of a supramolecular dimer of an annulated corannulene derivative in solution and discuss its extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability with association constants up to >106 M-1 in methylcyclohexane, which is comparable to the association constants given for planar phthalocyanine and perylene bisimide dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Renner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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45
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Barendt TA, Myers WK, Cornes SP, Lebedeva MA, Porfyrakis K, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. The Green Box: An Electronically Versatile Perylene Diimide Macrocyclic Host for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:349-364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Centre for Advanced ESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. Cornes
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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46
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Konarev DV, Popov AA, Zorina LV, Khasanov SS, Lyubovskaya RN. Molecular Structure and Magnetic and Optical Properties of Endometallonitridofullerene Sc 3 N@I h -C 80 in Neutral, Radical Anion, and Dimeric Anionic Forms. Chemistry 2019; 25:14858-14869. [PMID: 31523861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds with Sc3 N@Ih -C80 in the neutral, monomeric, and dimeric anion states have been prepared in the crystalline form and their molecular structures and optical and magnetic properties have been studied. The neutral Sc3 N@Ih -C80 ⋅3 C6 H4 Cl2 (1) and (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 )3 (TPC)2 ⋅5 C6 H4 Cl2 (2, TPC=triptycene) compounds both crystallized in a high-symmetry trigonal structure. The reduction of Sc3 N@Ih -C80 to the radical anion resulted in dimerization to form diamagnetic singly bonded (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - )2 dimers. In contrast to {[2.2.2]cryptand(Na+ )}2 (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - )2 ⋅2.5 C6 H4 Cl2 (3) with strongly disordered components, we synthesized new dimeric phases {[2.2.2]cryptand- (K+ )}2 (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - )2 ⋅2 C6 H4 Cl2 (4) and {[2.2.2]cryptand- (Cs+ )}2 (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - )2 ⋅2 C6 H4 Cl2 (5) in which only one major dimer orientation was found. The thermal stability of the (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - )2 dimers was studied by EPR analysis of 3 to show their dissociation in the 400-460 K range producing monomeric Sc3 N@Ih -C80 .- radical anions. This species shows an EPR signal with a hyperfine splitting of 5.8 mT. The energy of the intercage C-C bond was estimated to be 234±7 kJ mol-1 , the highest value among negatively charged fullerene dimers. The EPR spectra of crystalline (Bu3 MeP+ )3 (Sc3 N@Ih -C80 .- )3 ⋅C6 H4 Cl2 (6) are presented for the first time. The salt shows an asymmetric EPR signal, which could be fitted by three lines. Two lines were attributed to Sc3 N@Ih -C80 .- . Hyperfine splitting is manifested above 180 K due to the hyperfine interaction of the electron spin with the three scandium atoms (a total of 22 lines with an average splitting of 5.32 mT are observed at 220 K). Furthermore, each of the 22 lines is additionally split into six lines with an average separation of 0.82 mT. The large splitting indicates intrinsic charge and spin density transfer from the fullerene cage to the Sc3 N cluster. Both the monomeric and dimeric Sc3 N@Ih -C80 - anions show an intrinsic shift of the IR bands attributed to the Sc3 N cluster and new bands corresponding to these species appear in the NIR range of their UV/Vis/NIR spectra, which allows these anions to be distinguished from neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Konarev
- Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leokadiya V Zorina
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Salavat S Khasanov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma N Lyubovskaya
- Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432, Moscow, Russian Federation
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47
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García-Calvo V, Cuevas JV, Barbero H, Ferrero S, Álvarez CM, González JA, Díaz de Greñu B, García-Calvo J, Torroba T. Synthesis of a Tetracorannulene-perylenediimide That Acts as a Selective Receptor for C 60 over C 70. Org Lett 2019; 21:5803-5807. [PMID: 31241968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of a tetraborylated perylenediimide as starting material for the preparation of a tetracorannulene-perylenediimide that is able to bind up to two fullerene-C60 molecules by host-guest molecular recognition with preference over C70. Titration with fullerene-C60 is followed by a dramatic shift of the aromatic signals in 1H NMR and an initial increase in the fluorescence of the system. By this simple mechanism, fluorogenic sensing of fullerene-C60 is easily accomplished by an unprecedented fluorescent turn-on mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Calvo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - José V Cuevas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- MIOMeT, CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- MIOMeT, CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- MIOMeT, CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Jesús A González
- Departamento CITIMAC , Universidad de Cantabria , 39005 Santander , Spain
| | - Borja Díaz de Greñu
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - José García-Calvo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain
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