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Jiang Y, Wang K, Xu L, Xu L, Xu Q, Mu Y, Hong Q, He J, Jiang J, Qiu J. DipR, a GntR/FadR-family transcriptional repressor: regulatory mechanism and widespread distribution of the dip cluster for dipicolinic acid catabolism in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:10951-10964. [PMID: 39180394 PMCID: PMC11472048 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dipicolinic acid is an essential component of bacterial spores for stress resistance, which is released into the environment after spore germination. In a previous study, a dip gene cluster was found to be responsible for the catabolism of dipicolinic acid in Alcaligenes faecalis JQ135. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism remains unclear. The present study characterized the new GntR/FadR family transcriptional factor DipR, showing that the dip cluster is transcribed as the six transcriptional units, dipR, dipA, dipBC, dipDEFG, dipH and dipJKLM. The purified DipR protein has six binding sites sharing the 6-bp conserved motif sequence 5'-GWATAC-3'. Site-directed mutations indicated that these motif sequences are essential for DipR binding. Moreover, the four key amino acid residues R63, R67, H196 and H218 of DipR, examined by site-directed mutagenesis, played crucial roles in DipR regulation. Bioinformatics analysis showed that dip clusters including dipR genes are widely distributed in bacteria, are taxon-related, and co-evolved with their hosts. This paper provides new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of dipicolinic acid degradation by DipR in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lanyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qimiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Mu
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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2
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Salum TFC, Day D, Sherwood J, Pellis A, Farmer TJ. Enzymatic synthesis of aromatic biobased polymers in green, low-boiling solvents. J Biotechnol 2024:S0168-1656(24)00266-9. [PMID: 39395641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Given the urge to accelerate the substitution of petrol-derived solvents not only in more traditional fields like pharmaceuticals, personal care, or electronics but also in innovative research processes, this work focuses on the utilisation of four biobased solvents as media for the enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic-aromatic polyesters. As building blocks, the lignin-derived diethyl-2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate was selected as the potentially biobased, aromatic component while more classical diols such as 1,4-butanediol and 1,8-octanediol were used as the aliphatic portion. Results show that among the tested green solvents (cyclohexanone, phenetole, anisole and eucalyptol), the most suitable medium for lipase B from Candida antarctica-catalysed polycondensation reactions was eucalyptol that allowed reach monomer conversions >95% and number average molecular weights up to 3500g·mol-1. On the other hand, cyclohexanone led to the lowest monomer conversions (<80%) and molecular weights (Mn<500g·mol-1) confirming once again the unsuitability of ketone-containing solvents for enzymatic esterification and transesterification reactions. The lipase could be used up to three times, in eucalyptol as a solvent, without a significant decrease in monomer conversion or molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Fabiana Chan Salum
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Embrapa Agroenergy, Parque Estação Biológica, 70770-901, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Day
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - James Sherwood
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy.
| | - Thomas James Farmer
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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3
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Pereyra‐Camacho MA, Pardo I. Plastics and the Sustainable Development Goals: From waste to wealth with microbial recycling and upcycling. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14459. [PMID: 38588222 PMCID: PMC11001195 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics pollution has become one of the greatest concerns of the 21st century. To date, around 10 billion tons of plastics have been produced almost exclusively from non-renewable sources, and of these, <10% have been recycled. The majority of discarded plastic waste (>70%) is accumulating in landfills or the environment, causing severe impacts to natural ecosystems and human health. Considering how plastics are present in every aspect of our daily lives, it is evident that a transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics is essential to achieve several of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this editorial, we highlight how microbial biotechnology can contribute to this shift, with a special focus on the biological recycling of conventional plastics and the upcycling of plastic-waste feedstocks into new value-added products. Although important hurdles will need to be overcome in this endeavour, recent success stories highlight how interdisciplinary approaches can bring us closer to a bio-based economy for the sustainable management of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Pereyra‐Camacho
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
- Interdisciplinary Platform SusPlast, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
- Interdisciplinary Platform SusPlast, CSICMadridSpain
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4
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Xu L, Cao M, Zhou J, Pang Y, Li Z, Yang D, Leu SY, Lou H, Pan X, Qiu X. Aqueous amine enables sustainable monosaccharide, monophenol, and pyridine base coproduction in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:734. [PMID: 38272912 PMCID: PMC10810809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thought-out utilization of entire lignocellulose is of great importance to achieving sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, there is a trade-off between efficient carbohydrate utilization and lignin-to-chemical conversion yield. Here, we fractionate corn stover into a carbohydrate fraction with high enzymatic digestibility and reactive lignin with satisfactory catalytic depolymerization activity using a mild high-solid process with aqueous diethylamine (DEA). During the fractionation, in situ amination of lignin achieves extensive delignification, effective lignin stabilization, and dramatically reduced nonproductive adsorption of cellulase on the substrate. Furthermore, by designing a tandem fractionation-hydrogenolysis strategy, the dissolved lignin is depolymerized and aminated simultaneously to co-produce monophenolics and pyridine bases. The process represents the viable scheme of transforming real lignin into pyridine bases in high yield, resulting from the reactions between cleaved lignin side chains and amines. This work opens a promising approach to the efficient valorization of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Meifang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jiefeng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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5
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Bugg TDH. The chemical logic of enzymatic lignin degradation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:804-814. [PMID: 38165282 PMCID: PMC10795516 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer, found in plant cell walls as 20-30% of lignocellulose. It represents the most abundant source of renewable aromatic carbon in the biosphere, hence, if it could be depolymerised efficiently, then it would be a highly valuable source of renewable aromatic chemicals. However, lignin presents a number of difficulties for biocatalytic or chemocatalytic breakdown. Research over the last 10 years has led to the identification of new bacterial enzymes for lignin degradation, and the use of metabolic engineering to generate useful bioproducts from microbial lignin degradation. The aim of this article is to discuss the chemical mechanisms used by lignin-degrading enzymes and microbes to break down lignin, and to describe current methods for generating aromatic bioproducts from lignin using enzymes and engineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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6
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Ou Y, Xing Y, Yang Z, Huang J, He J, Jiang F, Zhang Y. Strong and ultrafast stimulus-healable lignin-based composite elastomers with excellent adhesion properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128507. [PMID: 38040144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increased environmental issues, advanced high-performance and multifunctional polymeric materials derived from biomass have tremendous attention due to the great potential to replace their traditional petroleum-based counterparts. In this work, a series of lignin graft copolymers, lignin-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA)), were rationally prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These lignin-based copolymers demonstrate good thermal stability and tunable glass transition temperature (Tg) values. The mechanical performance, including tensile strength, extensibility, Young's modulus, and toughness can be facilely adjusted by the BA/AA feed ratio and lignin content during polymerization. Owing to the extraordinary photothermal conversion ability of lignin, the Lig-B550 copolymer, containing 11.8 wt% lignin content, shows excellent stimulus-healing behavior within 1 min with a 97.1 % healing efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Moreover, the Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA) copolymers exhibit remarkable adhesion property, broadening their potential applications in the adhesive area. This grafting strategy is versatile and efficient, conferring the resultant lignin-based composite elastomers with dramatically enhanced mechanical properties and unprecedented photothermal behavior, which can inspire the further development of strong lignin-based sustainable elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Ou
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Juan He
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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7
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Kumar K, Umapathi R, Ghoreishian SM, Tiwari JN, Hwang SK, Huh YS, Venkatesu P, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Microplastics and biobased polymers to combat plastics waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140000. [PMID: 37652244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become the major global concern due to their adverse effects on the environment, human health, and hygiene. These complex molecules have numerous toxic impacts on human well-being. This review focuses on the methods for chemically quantifying and identifying MPs in real-time samples, as well as the detrimental effects resulting from exposure to them. Biopolymers offer promising solutions for reducing the environmental impact caused by persistent plastic pollution. The review also examines the significant progress achieved in the preparation and modification of various biobased polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), lignin-based polymers, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA), which hold promise for addressing the challenges associated with unplanned plastic waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India; NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India; NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyed Majid Ghoreishian
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra N Tiwari
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India.
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8
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Ward LC, Goulding E, Rigden DJ, Allan FE, Pellis A, Hatton H, Guebitz GM, Salcedo‐Sora JE, Carnell AJ. Engineering a Carboxyl Methyltransferase for the Formation of a Furan-Based Bioplastic Precursor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300516. [PMID: 37067062 PMCID: PMC10946451 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
FtpM from Aspergillus fumigatus was the first carboxyl methyltransferase reported to catalyse the dimethylation of dicarboxylic acids. Here the creation of mutant R166M that can catalyse the quantitative conversion of bio-derived 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) to its dimethyl ester (FDME), a bioplastics precursor, was reported. Wild type FtpM gave low conversion due to its reduced catalytic efficiency for the second methylation step. An AlphaFold 2 model revealed a highly electropositive active site, due to the presence of 4 arginine residues, postulated to favour the binding of the dicarboxylic acid over the intermediate monoester. The R166M mutation improved both binding and turnover of the monoester to permit near quantitative conversion to the target dimethyl ester product. The mutant also had improved activity for other diacids and a range of monoacids. R166M was incorporated into 2 multienzyme cascades for the synthesis of the bioplastics precursor FDME from bioderived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as well as from poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) plastic, demonstrating the potential to recycle waste plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
| | - Ellie Goulding
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of SystemsMolecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZBUnited Kingdom
| | - Faye E. Allan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Genovavia Dodecaneso 3116146GenovaItaly
| | - Harry Hatton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-TullnUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430TullnAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430TullnAustria
| | | | - Andrew J. Carnell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
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9
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Elias Guckert F, Cesca K, Sayer C, de Oliveira D, Hermes de Araújo PH, Francisco Oechsler B. Lipase-Catalyzed Solution Polycondensation of 1,4-Butanediol and Diethyl Succinate: Effect of Diphenyl Ether Concentration on Enzyme Stability, Reuse and PBS Molar Mass Distribution. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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10
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Zhang X, Mahajan JS, J Korley LT, Epps TH, Wu C. Reduced genotoxicity of lignin-derivable replacements to bisphenol A studied using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 885:503577. [PMID: 36669816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisguaiacols, lignin-derivable bisphenols, are considered promising and possibly safer alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), but comprehensive toxicity investigations are needed to ensure safety. Most toxicity studies of BPA and its analogues have focused on potential estrogenic activity, and only limited toxicological data are available on other toxicity aspects, such as genotoxicity at low exposure levels. In this study, the genotoxicity of six lignin-derivable bisguaiacols with varying regioisomer contents and degrees of methoxy substitution was investigated using a multi-tiered method, consisting of in silico simulations, in vitro Ames tests, and in vivo comet tests. The toxicity estimation software tool, an application that predicts toxicity of chemicals using quantitative structure-activity relationships, calculated that the majority of the lignin-derivable bisguaiacols were non-mutagenic. These results were supported by Ames tests using five tester strains (TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) at concentrations ranging from 0.5 pmol/plate to 5 nmol/plate. The potential genotoxicity of bisguaiacols was further evaluated using in vivo comet testing in fetal chicken livers, and in addition to the standard alkaline comet assay, the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase enzyme-modified comet assay was employed to investigate oxidative DNA damage in the liver samples. The oxidative stress analyses indicated that the majority of lignin-derivable analogues showed no signs of mutagenicity (mutagenic index < 1.5) or genotoxicity, in comparison to BPA and bisphenol F, likely due to the methoxy groups on the lignin-derivable aromatics. These findings reinforce the potential of lignin-derivable bisphenols as safer alternatives to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Jignesh S Mahajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T J Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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11
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Silvianti F, Maniar D, Boetje L, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. Greener Synthesis Route for Furanic-Aliphatic Polyester: Enzymatic Polymerization in Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Boetje
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Pazol J, Weiss TM, Martínez CD, Quesada O, Nicolau E. The influence of calcium ions (Ca 2+) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide aggregates to liberate free fatty acids (FFA) in aqueous solution. JCIS OPEN 2022; 7:100058. [PMID: 37593195 PMCID: PMC10433262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jciso.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemical environment in aqueous solutions greatly influences the ability of amphiphilic molecules such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to aggregate into different structural phases in aqueous solutions. Understanding the substrate's morphology and conditions of aqueous solution that favor both enzymatic activity and the disruption of LPS aggregates are crucial in developing agents that can counteract the new trend of multidrug resistance by gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we developed two LPS morphologies using LPS from Escherichia coli as a model to study the in vitro hydrolytic response when using a lipase treatment. The hydrolysis was performed using lipase b from Candida antarctica to understand the catalytic effect in removing fatty acids from its lipid A moiety on different LPS aggregates. Physical and chemical characterizations of the products included dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography. Our results suggest a trend of prominent hydrolytic response (72% enhancement) upon the addition of calcium ions to induce LPS aggregates into bilayer formations. Moreover, our results revealed the detection of myristic acid (C14:0) as the product of the hydrolysis when using RaLPS in its aggregate forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 94025
| | - Cristian D. Martínez
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
| | - Orestes Quesada
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
- Departments of Physical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
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13
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Almeida BC, Figueiredo PR, Dourado DF, Paul S, Sousa AF, Silvestre AJ, Quinn DJ, Moody TS, Carvalho AT. Development of Enzymatic Variants for the Synthesis of Bioresorbable Polyesters. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C. Almeida
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Figueiredo
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Daniel F.A.R. Dourado
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
| | - Stephanie Paul
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Armando J.D. Silvestre
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Derek J. Quinn
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Roscommon, Athlone, Co. N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Roscommon, Athlone, Co. N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Alexandra T.P. Carvalho
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
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14
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Huang YQ, Zeng Y, Wang T, Chen SJ, Guan YF, Mai BX. PM 2.5-bound phthalates and phthalate substitutes in a megacity of southern China: spatioseasonal variations, source apportionment, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37737-37747. [PMID: 35075556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, whereas few efforts have been made to elucidate their emission sources in the atmosphere. In this research, the spatioseasonal variations and sources of particle-bound (PM2.5) phthalates (PAEs) and their substitutes (APs) at residential sites in seven districts and at four potential point-source sites across a megacity in South China were revealed. The total concentrations of PAEs ranging from 10.7 to 528 ng/m3 were substantially higher than those of APs (1.45.58.5 ng/m3). Significant spatial variations in the concentrations of the pollutants were observed, which were generally higher at the sites with intensive industrial activities and the point-source sites. Most atmospheric plasticizer levels peaked in summer, probably due to the temperature-promoted volatilization. Seven sources of plasticizers were identified by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The sources in less industrialized districts are mainly associated with domestic and commercial emissions and with industry in the industrialized districts. Specifically, plastics and personal care products together contributed 60% of the plasticizers in the atmosphere of this city, followed by solvents and polyester industry sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk of inhalation exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the study city is below the acceptable level. Relatively higher risks were found for residents living around sites with intensive industrial activities and around wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Guan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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15
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Liu X, Desilles N, Jiang B, Chappey C, Lebrun L. High barrier semi-crystalline polyesters involving nature occurring pyridine structure towards sustainable food packaging. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Schwardmann LS, Dransfeld AK, Schäffer T, Wendisch VF. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Sustainable Production of the Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid Dipicolinic Acid. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040730. [PMID: 35456781 PMCID: PMC9024752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid that mediates heat-stability and is easily biodegradable and non-toxic. Currently, the production of DPA is fossil-based, but bioproduction of DPA may help to replace fossil-based plastics as it can be used for the production of polyesters or polyamides. Moreover, it serves as a stabilizer for peroxides or organic materials. The antioxidative, antimicrobial and antifungal effects of DPA make it interesting for pharmaceutical applications. In nature, DPA is essential for sporulation of Bacillus and Clostridium species, and its biosynthesis shares the first three reactions with the L-lysine pathway. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a major host for the fermentative production of amino acids, including the million-ton per year production of L-lysine. This study revealed that DPA reduced the growth rate of C. glutamicum to half-maximal at about 1.6 g·L−1. The first de novo production of DPA by C. glutamicum was established by overexpression of dipicolinate synthase genes from Paenibacillus sonchi genomovar riograndensis SBR5 in a C. glutamicum L-lysine producer strain. Upon systems metabolic engineering, DPA production to 2.5 g·L−1 in shake-flask and 1.5 g·L−1 in fed-batch bioreactor cultivations was shown. Moreover, DPA production from the alternative carbon substrates arabinose, xylose, glycerol, and starch was established. Finally, expression of the codon-harmonized phosphite dehydrogenase gene from P. stutzeri enabled phosphite-dependent non-sterile DPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Aron K. Dransfeld
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Thomas Schäffer
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5611
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17
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Ward LC, McCue HV, Rigden DJ, Kershaw NM, Ashbrook C, Hatton H, Goulding E, Johnson JR, Carnell AJ. Carboxyl Methyltransferase Catalysed Formation of Mono- and Dimethyl Esters under Aqueous Conditions: Application in Cascade Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117324. [PMID: 35138660 PMCID: PMC9307002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl methyltransferase (CMT) enzymes catalyse the biomethylation of carboxylic acids under aqueous conditions and have potential for use in synthetic enzyme cascades. Herein we report that the enzyme FtpM from Aspergillus fumigatus can methylate a broad range of aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids in good to excellent conversions. The enzyme shows high regioselectivity on its natural substrate fumaryl-l-tyrosine, trans, trans-muconic acid and a number of the dicarboxylic acids tested. Dicarboxylic acids are generally better substrates than monocarboxylic acids, although some substituents are able to compensate for the absence of a second acid group. For dicarboxylic acids, the second methylation shows strong pH dependency with an optimum at pH 5.5-6. Potential for application in industrial biotechnology was demonstrated in a cascade for the production of a bioplastics precursor (FDME) from bioderived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hannah V. McCue
- GeneMill, Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZBUK
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZBUK
| | - Neil M. Kershaw
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Chloe Ashbrook
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Harry Hatton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Ellie Goulding
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - James R. Johnson
- GeneMill, Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZBUK
| | - Andrew J. Carnell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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18
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Ward LC, McCue HV, Rigden DJ, Kershaw NM, Ashbrook C, Hatton H, Goulding E, Johnson JR, Carnell AJ. Carboxyl Methyltransferase Catalysed Formation of Mono‐ and Dimethyl Esters under Aqueous Conditions: Application in Cascade Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Ward
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Hannah V. McCue
- GeneMill, Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Neil M. Kershaw
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Chloe Ashbrook
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Harry Hatton
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Ellie Goulding
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - James R. Johnson
- GeneMill, Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Andrew J. Carnell
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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19
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Gómez-Álvarez H, Iturbe P, Rivero-Buceta V, Mines P, Bugg TDH, Nogales J, Díaz E. Bioconversion of lignin-derived aromatics into the building block pyridine 2,4-dicarboxylic acid by engineering recombinant Pseudomonas putida strains. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126638. [PMID: 34971782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4 pyridine dicarboxylic acid (2,4 PDCA) is an analogue of terephthalate, and hence a target chemical in the field of bio-based plastics. Here, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains were engineered to efficiently drive the metabolism of lignin-derived monoaromatics towards 2,4 PDCA in a resting cells-based bioprocess that alleviates growth-coupled limitations and allows biocatalysts recycling. Native β-ketoadipate pathway was blocked by replacing protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase by the exogenous LigAB extradiol dioxygenase. Overexpression of pcaK encoding a transporter increased 8-fold 2,4 PDCA productivity from protocatechuate, reaching the highest value reported so far (0.58 g L-1h-1). Overexpression of the 4-hydroxybenzoate monooxygenase (pobA) speed up drastically the production of 2,4 PDCA from 4-hydroxybenzoate (0.056 g L-1h-1) or p-coumarate (0.012 g L-1h-1) achieving values 15-fold higher than those reported with Rhodococcus jostii biocatalysts. 2,4 PDCA was also bioproduced by using soda lignin as feedstock, paving the way for future polymeric lignin valorization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gómez-Álvarez
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Iturbe
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Navarrabiomed, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Mines
- Biome Bioplastics Ltd, North Road, Marchwood, Southampton SO40 4BL, UK
| | - Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Nogales
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Díaz
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Sun Y, Hu J, Yusuf A, Wang Y, Jin H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang G, He J. A critical review on microbial degradation of petroleum-based plastics: quantitatively effects of chemical addition in cultivation media on biodegradation efficiency. Biodegradation 2022; 33:1-16. [PMID: 35025000 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-based plastics (PBP) with different properties have been developed to suit various needs of modern lives. Nevertheless, these well-developed properties also present the double-edged sword effect that significantly threatens the sustainability of the environment. This work focuses on the impact of microbial cultivating conditions (the elementary compositions and temperature) to provide insightful information for the process optimization of microbial degradation. The major elementary compositions in cultivation media and temperature from the literature were radically reviewed and assessed using the constructed supervised machine learning algorithm. Fifty-two literatures were collected as a training dataset to investigate the impact of major chemical elements and cultivation temperature upon PBP biodegradation. Among six singular parameters (NH4+, K+, PO43-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and temperature) and thirty corresponding binary parameters, four singular (NH4+, K+, PO43-, and Mg2+) and six binary parameters (NH4+/K+, NH4+/PO43-, NH4+/Ca2+, K+/PO43-, PO43-/Mg2+, Mg2+/Temp) were identified as statistically significant towards microbial degradation through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The binary effect (PO43-/Mg2+) is found to be the most statistically significant towards the microbial degradation of PBP. The concentration range, which locates at 0.1-0.6 g/L for Mg2+ and 0-2.8 g/L for PO43-, was identified to contribute to the maximum PBP biodegradation. Among all the investigated elements, Mg2+ is the only element that is statistically and significantly associated with the variations of cultivation temperature. The optimal preparation conditions within ± 20% uncertainties based upon the range of collected literature reports are recommended. Five representative cultivation elementary compositions (NH4+, K+, PO43-, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and temperature were reviewed from fifty two different literature reports to investigate their impacts on the microbial degradation of PBP using supervised machine learning algorithm. The optimal cultivation conditions based upon collected literature reports to achieve biodegradation over 80% were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China. .,School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Abubakar Yusuf
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Huan Jin
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 15100, China.
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yunshan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Gang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China. .,Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315021, China.
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21
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Weiland F, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Guiding stars to the field of dreams: Metabolically engineered pathways and microbial platforms for a sustainable lignin-based industry. Metab Eng 2021; 71:13-41. [PMID: 34864214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned into heat and energy. However, regarding its vast abundance and a chemically interesting richness in aromatics, lignin is presently regarded as the most under-utilized and promising feedstock for value-added applications. Notably, microbes have evolved powerful enzymes and pathways that break down lignin and metabolize its various aromatic components. This natural pathway atlas meanwhile serves as a guiding star for metabolic engineers to breed designed cell factories and efficiently upgrade this global waste stream. The metabolism of aromatic compounds, in combination with success stories from systems metabolic engineering, as reviewed here, promises a sustainable product portfolio from lignin, comprising bulk and specialty chemicals, biomaterials, and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Weiland
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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22
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23
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Milescu RA, Zhenova A, Vastano M, Gammons R, Lin S, Lau CH, Clark JH, McElroy CR, Pellis A. Polymer Chemistry Applications of Cyrene and its Derivative Cygnet 0.0 as Safer Replacements for Polar Aprotic Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3367-3381. [PMID: 34219405 PMCID: PMC8457101 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a binary solvent system composed of biobased Cyrene and its derivative Cygnet 0.0 for application in membrane technology and in biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. Cygnet-Cyrene blends could represent viable replacements for toxic polar aprotic solvents. The use of a 50 wt % Cygnet-Cyrene mixture makes a practical difference in the production of flat sheet membranes by nonsolvent-induced phase separation. New polymeric membranes from cellulose acetate, polysulfone, and polyimide are manufactured by using Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and their blend. The resultant membranes have different morphology when the solvent/mixture and temperature of the casting solution change. Moreover, Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and Cygnet-Cyrene are also explored for substituting diphenyl ether for the biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. The results indicate that Cygnet 0.0 is a very promising candidate for the enzymatic synthesis of high molecular weight polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana A. Milescu
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Zhenova
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
- Green Rose, The CatalystBaird Lane, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5GAUnited Kingdom
| | - Marco Vastano
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Gammons
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Shiliang Lin
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghRobert Stevenson RoadEdinburghEH9 3JLUnited Kingdom
| | - Cher Hon Lau
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghRobert Stevenson RoadEdinburghEH9 3JLUnited Kingdom
| | - James H. Clark
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Con R. McElroy
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430Tulln an der DonauAustria
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24
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Byrne FP, Assemat JMZ, Stanford AE, Farmer TJ, Comerford JW, Pellis A. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of malonate polyesters and their use as metal chelating materials. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:5043-5048. [PMID: 34354544 PMCID: PMC8293702 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the environmental problems caused by non-degradable plastics there is a need to synthesise greener and more sustainable polymers. In this work we describe, for the first time, the facile enzyme-catalysed synthesis of linear polyesters using dimethyl malonate as the diester. These polymers, containing a different aliphatic diol component (C4, C6 or C8), were synthesised in solventless conditions using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B as the biocatalyst. The potential of enzymes for catalysing this reaction is compared with the unsuccessful antimony- and titanium-catalysed synthesis (T > 150 °C). The application of the synthesized polymers as effective metal chelators in biphasic, green solvent systems was also described, together with the characterisation of the synthesised materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal P Byrne
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jamie M Z Assemat
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Amy E Stanford
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Thomas J Farmer
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - James W Comerford
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- SINTEF Forskningsveien 1A 0373 Oslo Norway
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20 3430 Tulln an der Donau Austria
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25
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Achievements and Trends in Biocatalytic Synthesis of Specialty Polymers from Biomass-Derived Monomers Using Lipases. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for the conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals, including polymers and plastics, is a must and a challenge. The development of green processes in the last decade involved a continuous increase of the interest towards the synthesis of polymers using in vitro biocatalysis. Among the remarkable diversity of new bio-based polymeric products meeting the criteria of sustainability, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness, a wide range of polyesters with shorter chain length were obtained and characterized, targeting biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this review, selected examples of such specialty polymers are presented, highlighting the recent developments concerning the use of lipases, mostly in immobilized form, for the green synthesis of ε-caprolactone co-polymers, polyesters with itaconate or furan units, estolides, and polyesteramides. The significant process parameters influencing the average molecular weights and other characteristics are discussed, revealing the advantages and limitations of biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of these bio-based polymers.
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Lalanne L, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM, Pellis A. Biotechnological production and high potential of furan-based renewable monomers and polymers. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 48:107707. [PMID: 33631186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Of the 25 million tons of plastic waste produced every year in Europe, 40% of these are not reused or recycled, thus contributing to environmental pollution, one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Most of these plastics are made of petrochemical-derived polymers which are very difficult to degrade and as a result, a lot of research efforts have been made on more environmentally friendly alternatives. Bio-based monomers, derived from renewable raw materials, constitute a possible solution for the replacement of oil-derived monomers, with furan derivatives that emerged as platform molecules having a great potential for the synthesis of biobased polyesters, polyamides and their copolymers. This review article summarizes the latest developments in biotechnological production of furan compounds that can be used in polymer chemistry as well as in their conversion into polymers. Moreover, the biodegradability of the resulting materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lalanne
- Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Biological Engineering, Cézeaux University Campus, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière cedex, France; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Division Enzymes & Polymers, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Samak NA, Jia Y, Sharshar MM, Mu T, Yang M, Peh S, Xing J. Recent advances in biocatalysts engineering for polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste green recycling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106144. [PMID: 32987219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The massive waste of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) that ends up in the landfills and oceans and needs hundreds of years for degradation has attracted global concern. The poor stability and productivity of the available PET biocatalysts hinder their industrial applications. Active PET biocatalysts can provide a promising avenue for PET bioconversion and recycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies that could enhance the stability, catalytic activity, solubility, productivity, and re-usability of these PET biocatalysts under harsh conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and salinity. This has raised great attention in using bioengineering strategies to improve PET biocatalysts' robustness and catalytic behavior. Herein, historical and forecasting data of plastic production and disposal were critically reviewed. Challenges facing the PET degradation process and available strategies that could be used to solve them were critically highlighted and summarized. In this review, we also discussed the recent progress in enzyme bioengineering approaches used for discovering new PET biocatalysts, elucidating the degradation mechanism, and improving the catalytic performance, solubility, and productivity, critically assess their strength and weakness and highlighting the gaps of the available data. Discovery of more potential PET hydrolases and studying their molecular mechanism extensively via solving their crystal structure will widen this research area to move forward the industrial application. A deeper knowledge of PET molecular and degradation mechanisms will give great insight into the future identification of related enzymes. The reported bioengineering strategies during this review could be used to reduce PET crystallinity and to increase the operational temperature of PET hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China; Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Moustafa M Sharshar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tingzhen Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Maohua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sumit Peh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Li H, Song G. Paving the Way for the Lignin Hydrogenolysis Mechanism by Deuterium-Incorporated β-O-4 Mimics. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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Lie Y, Pellis A, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Sampedro D, Macquarrie DJ, Farmer TJ. Work-hardening Photopolymer from Renewable Photoactive 3,3'-(2,5-Furandiyl)bisacrylic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4140-4150. [PMID: 32663375 PMCID: PMC7496517 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of a photopolymer around a renewable furan-derived chromophore is presented herein. An optimised semi-continuous oxidation method using MnO2 affords 2,5-diformylfuran from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural in gram quantities, allowing the subsequent synthesis of 3,3'-(2,5-furandiyl)bisacrylic acid in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity. The photoactivity of the diester of this monomer is confirmed by reaction under UV irradiation, and the proposed [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism supported further by TD-DFT calculations. Oligoesters of the photoreactive furan diacid with various aliphatic diols are prepared via chemo- and enzyme-catalysed polycondensation. The latter enzyme-catalysed (Candida antarctica lipase B) method results in the highest Mn (3.6 kDa), suggesting milder conditions employed with this protocol minimised unwanted side reactions, including untimely [2+2] cycloadditions, whilst preserving the monomer's photoactivity and stereoisomerism. The photoreactive polyester is solvent cast into a film where subsequent initiator-free UV curing leads to an impressive increase in the material stiffness, with work-hardening characteristics observed during tensile strength testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaDepartment of AgrobiotechnologyInstitute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | | | - Diego Sampedro
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)Universidad de La RiojaMadre de Dios 53E-26006LogroñoLa RiojaSpain
| | - Duncan J. Macquarrie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Thomas J. Farmer
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
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Figueiredo PR, Almeida BC, Dourado DFAR, Sousa AF, Silvestre AJD, Carvalho ATP. Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(caprolactone): A QM/MM Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R. Figueiredo
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC) University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Beatriz C. Almeida
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC) University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Daniel F. A. R. Dourado
- Almac Sciences Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry Almac House 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate Craigavon BT63 5QD Northern Ireland UK
| | | | | | - Alexandra T. P. Carvalho
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC) University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra Portugal
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31
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Wu WX. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and post-polymerization modification of new fully bio-based poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate) and poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate- co-hexamethylene adipate) copolyesters. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel full bio-based ketone-containing aliphatic polyester was prepared by enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation of diethyl γ-ketopimelate (DEK) with 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The influences of polymerization conditions such as temperature, time, enzyme amount, and solvent amount on the molecular weight of poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate) (PHK) were investigated. New fully bio-based poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate-co-hexamethylene adipate) (poly(HK-co-HA)) copolymers with narrow polydispersity and well-defined composition were synthesized by copolymerization of DEK, HDO, and diethyl adipate. The structures of PHK and poly(HK-co-HA) copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, and their thermal characterization was examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation of PHK and poly(HK-co-HA) copolymers was studied. The post-polymerization modification of these polyketoesters via oxime click chemistry was further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xia Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
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32
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Pellis A, Weinberger S, Gigli M, Guebitz GM, Farmer TJ. Enzymatic synthesis of biobased polyesters utilizing aromatic diols as the rigid component. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Luo Y, Liang W, Ma W, Wang P, Zhu T, Xue S, Yuan Z, Gao H, Chen Y, Wang Y. Cardanol-derived cationic surfactants enabling the superior antibacterial activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:265603. [PMID: 32106102 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7aa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are potential antibacterial material, and their antibacterial activity in aqueous solutions depends on efficient surfactants to create strong interactions between well-dispersed SWCNTs and bacterial cells. Here, we designed and synthesized a new family of cationic surfactants by introducing different positively charged hydrophilic heads, i.e. -(CH2)6N+(CH3)3Br-, -(CH2)2N+(CH3)3Br- and -(CH2)2N+PyridineBr-, to cardanol obtained from cashew nut shell liquid. These surfactants can efficiently disperse SWCNTs in aqueous solutions because benzene rings and olefin chains in cardanol enable their strong π-stacking on SWCNTs. A much higher fraction of SWCNTs can be dispersed individually compared to the commonly used surfactant, dodecylbenzene-sulfonate sodium (SDBS). SWCNTs dispersed in the cardanol-derived surfactants demonstrate significantly improved antibacterial activity. At the concentration of 0.5 wt%, their minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.33 and 0.02 μg ml-1 against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, which is only 0.8%-1.5% of that of SDBS-dispersed SWCNTs. The strong antibacterial activity can be attributed to both better dispersion of SWCNTs and positive charges introduced by hydrophilic heads, which are attracted to negatively charged bacterial cell surfaces. These cardanol-derived surfactants are promising as sustainable surfactants for enabling various SWCNT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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Panchal S, Vasava DV. Biodegradable Polymeric Materials: Synthetic Approach. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4370-4379. [PMID: 32175484 PMCID: PMC7066571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials obtained from petroleum resources are nonbiodegradable. Defying degradation, they damage the environment as a result of their ending up in the landfills. Synthesized biodegradable polymeric materials (BPMs) have received increasing interest owing to the difficulty in procuring reproducibility when using natural polymeric materials. Through the modification of natural polymeric materials or materials via chemical, microbiological, enzyme-mediated, and chemo-enzymatic synthesis, a comprehensive range of variegated BPMs can be reaped. Amended natural polymeric materials such as starch, cellulose, and chitin have enhanced properties, while synthetic BPMs such as PLA, PGA, PCL, PDS, and PLGA are explicitly designed to pursue coveted applications in multifarious domains such as whole diagnostics and therapeutics. Synthesized BPMs can be embedded with tailored characteristics to justify the neoteric entails of mankind.
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35
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Thermal Upgrade of Enzymatically Synthesized Aliphatic and Aromatic Oligoesters. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020368. [PMID: 31941019 PMCID: PMC7013642 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of polyesters in solventless systems is an environmentally friendly and sustainable method for synthetizing bio-derived materials. Despite the greenness of the technique, in most cases only short oligoesters are obtained, with limited practical applications or requiring further chemical processing for their elongation. In this work, we present a catalyst-free thermal upgrade of enzymatically synthesized oligoesters. Different aliphatic and aromatic oligoesters were synthesized using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (iCaLB) as the catalyst (70 °C, 24 h) yielding poly(1,4-butylene adipate) (PBA, Mw = 2200), poly(1,4-butylene isophthalate) (PBI, Mw = 1000), poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF, Mw = 600), and poly(1,4-butylene 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate) (PBP, Mw = 1000). These polyesters were successfully thermally treated to obtain an increase in Mw of 8.5, 2.6, 3.3, and 2.7 folds, respectively. This investigation focused on the most successful upgrade, poly(1,4-butylene adipate), then discussed the possible effect of di-ester monomers as compared to di-acids in the thermally driven polycondensation. The herein-described two-step synthesis method represents a practical and cost-effective way to synthesize higher-molecular-weight polymers without the use of toxic metal catalysts such as titanium(IV) tert-butoxide, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and in particular, antimony(IV) oxide. At the same time, the method allows for the extension of the number of reuses of the biocatalyst by preventing its exposure to extreme denaturating conditions.
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Mascal M. Across the Board: Mark Mascal on the Challenges of Lignin Biorefining. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:274-277. [PMID: 31793729 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. M. Mascal, who describes some creative solutions to the challenge of lignin biorefining and shares thoughts about how the purposes of sustainability are best served. Topics discussed include lignin saturation and hydrodeoxygenation, lignin isolation, a lignin to muconic acid pathway, and the production of 2,4- and 2,5-pyrinedicarboxylic acids from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mascal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Riverside, 95616, USA
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Pazol J, Vázquez A, Nicolau E. Characterization of non-covalent immobilized Candida antartica lipase b over PS-b-P4VP as a model bio-reactive porous interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110418. [PMID: 31404792 PMCID: PMC6815258 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of interfaces that selectively react with molecules to transform them into compounds of industrial interest is an emerging area of research. An example of such reactions is the hydrolytic conversion of ester-based molecules to lipids and alcohols, which is of interest to the food, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a functional bio-interfaced layer was designed to hydrolyze 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and Ricinus Communis (castor) oil rich in triglycerides using lipase b from Candida antarctica (CALB, EC 3.1.1.3). The attachment of CALB was performed via non-covalent immobilization over a polymer film of vertically aligned cylinders that resulted from the self-assembly of the di-block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). This polymer-lipase model will serve as the groundwork for the design of further bioactive layers for separation applications requiring similar hydrolytic processes. Results from the fabricated functional bio-interfaced material include cylinders with featured pore size of 19 nm, d spacing of 34 nm, and ca. 40 nm of thickness. The polymer-enzyme layers were physically characterized using AFM, XPS, and FTIR. The immobilized enzyme was able to retain 91% of the initial enzymatic activity when using 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and 78% when exposed to triglycerides from castor oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931-3346, USA.
| | - Adriana Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA.
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931-3346, USA.
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Figueiredo P, Almeida BC, Carvalho ATP. Enzymatic Polymerization of PCL-PEG Co-polymers for Biomedical Applications. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:109. [PMID: 31681797 PMCID: PMC6811512 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers, obtained via chemical synthesis, are currently employed in a wide range of biomedical applications. However, enzymatic polymerization is an attractive alternative because it is more sustainable and safer. Many lipases can be employed in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of biodegradable polymers. Nevertheless, the harsh conditions required in industrial context are not always compatible with their enzymatic activity. In this work, we have studied a thermophilic carboxylesterase and the commonly used Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) for tailored synthesis of amphiphilic polyesters for biomedical applications. We have conducted Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) MD simulations of the synthesis of Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol (PCL-PEG) model co-polymers. Our insights about the reaction mechanisms are important for the design of customized enzymes capable to synthesize different polyesters for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra T. P. Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Multi-Step Enzymatic Synthesis of 1,9-Nonanedioic Acid from a Renewable Fatty Acid and Its Application for the Enzymatic Production of Biopolyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101690. [PMID: 31618998 PMCID: PMC6835665 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1,9-Nonanedioic acid is one of the valuable building blocks for producing polyesters and polyamides. Thereby, whole-cell biosynthesis of 1,9-nonanedioic acid from oleic acid has been investigated. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum, expressing the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenases (ChnDE) of Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871, was constructed and used for the production of 1,9-nonanedioic acid from 9-hydroxynonanoic acid, which had been produced from oleic acid. When 9-hydroxynonanoic acid was added to a concentration of 20 mM in the reaction medium, 1,9-nonanedioic acid was produced to 16 mM within 8 h by the recombinant C. glutamicum. The dicarboxylic acid was isolated via crystallization and then used for the production of biopolyester by a lipase. For instance, the polyesterification of 1,9-nonanedioic acid and 1,8-octanediol in diphenyl ether by the immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica led to formation of the polymer product with the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 21,000. Thereby, this study will contribute to biological synthesis of long chain dicarboxylic acids and their application for the enzymatic production of long chain biopolyesters.
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Vastano M, Pellis A, Botelho Machado C, Simister R, McQueen‐Mason SJ, Farmer TJ, Gomez LD. Sustainable Galactarate‐Based Polymers: Multi‐Enzymatic Production of Pectin‐Derived Polyesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900361. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vastano
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Carla Botelho Machado
- Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsDepartment of BiologyUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Rachael Simister
- Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsDepartment of BiologyUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Simon J. McQueen‐Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsDepartment of BiologyUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Thomas J. Farmer
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsDepartment of BiologyUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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Gigli M, Quartinello F, Soccio M, Pellis A, Lotti N, Guebitz GM, Licoccia S, Munari A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) films: A comparison of mechanisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104852. [PMID: 31195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) by Humicola insolens (HiC) and Thermobifida cellulosilytica (Cut) cutinases is investigated. For the first time, the different depolymerization mechanisms of PBTF (endo-wise scission) and PBF (exo-wise cleavage) has been unveiled and correlated to the chemical structure of the two polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gigli
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Felice Quartinello
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Silvia Licoccia
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The research on biocatalyzed polycondensation has delivered an array of polyesters having molecular weights below 20,000gmol-1 but characterized by controlled structures and desired functionalities. Their unique catalytic efficiency under mild conditions enables enzymes to catalyze the polycondensation of monomers bearing labile lateral moieties that can be easily accessed via post-polymerization modifications. Despite this great potential, nowadays biocatalysts are not employed for polycondensation on industrial scale due to some bottlenecks related to the formulation of biocatalysts and the process configuration, which make the enzymatic technology non-economic. Recycling the enzymatic catalysts is not only a matter of producing an active and robust formulation, but it also requires the optimal integration of such biocatalyst within a specific reactor and process configuration that must enable efficient mass-transfer while preserving the integrity of the enzymatic preparation. In this chapter, we describe examples of integrated experimental-computational approaches for the rational planning and implementation of enzymatic polycondensation using lipase B from Candida antarctica and cutinase 1 from Thermobifida cellulosilytica. They rely on molecular visualization, molecular modeling and chemometrics, which are methods requiring very modest computational power and approachable by operators who do not have specific computational background. The examples also address the sustainability issue, by describing solvent-free processes involving bio-based monomers and biocatalysts immobilized on renewable carriers.
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Xia B, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Lin X, Wu Q. Enzymatic Synthesis and Stereocomplex Formation of Chiral Polyester Containing Long-Chain Aliphatic Alcohol Backbone. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3584-3591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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