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Kumar V, Chunchagatta Lakshman PK, Prasad TK, Manjunath K, Bairy S, Vasu AS, Ganavi B, Jasti S, Kamariah N. Target-based drug discovery: Applications of fluorescence techniques in high throughput and fragment-based screening. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23864. [PMID: 38226204 PMCID: PMC10788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Target-based discovery of first-in-class therapeutics demands an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases. Precise measurements of cellular and biochemical activities are critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of biomolecules and their altered function in disease conditions. Such measurements enable the development of intervention strategies for preventing or treating diseases by modulation of desired molecular processes. Fluorescence-based techniques are routinely employed for accurate and robust measurements of in-vitro activity of molecular targets and for discovering novel chemical molecules that modulate the activity of molecular targets. In the current review, the authors focus on the applications of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) techniques such as fluorescence polarization (FP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) for the discovery of chemical probe to exploring target's role in disease biology and ultimately, serve as a foundation for drug discovery. Some recent advancements in these techniques for compound library screening against important classes of drug targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GTPases, as well as phosphorylation- and acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions, are discussed. Overall, this review presents a landscape of how these techniques paved the way for the discovery of small-molecule modulators and biologics against these targets for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thazhe Kootteri Prasad
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Akshaya S. Vasu
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - B. Ganavi
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Subbarao Jasti
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Neelagandan Kamariah
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
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2
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Desai PJ. Expression and fusogenic activity of SARS CoV-2 Spike protein displayed in the HSV-1 Virion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.568860. [PMID: 38076893 PMCID: PMC10705244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.568860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease in humans. The new SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the current global pandemic termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has resulted in many millions of deaths world-wide. The virus is a member of the Betacoronavirus family, its genome is a positive strand RNA molecule that encodes for many genes which are required for virus genome replication as well as for structural proteins that are required for virion assembly and maturation. A key determinant of this virus is the Spike (S) protein embedded in the virion membrane and mediates attachment of the virus to the receptor (ACE2). This protein also is required for cell-cell fusion (syncytia) that is an important pathogenic determinant. We have developed a pseudotyped herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant virus expressing S protein in the virion envelop. This virus has also been modified to express a Venus fluorescent protein fusion to VP16, a virion protein of HSV-1. The virus expressing Spike can enter cells and generates large multi-nucleated syncytia which are evident by the Venus fluorescence. The HSV-1 recombinant virus is genetically stable and virus amplification can be easily done by infecting cells. This recombinant virus provides a reproducible platform for Spike function analysis and thus adds to the repertoire of pseudotyped viruses expressing Spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant J. Desai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Dahl L, Kotliar IB, Bendes A, Dodig-Crnković T, Fromm S, Elofsson A, Uhlén M, Sakmar TP, Schwenk JM. Multiplexed selectivity screening of anti-GPCR antibodies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9297. [PMID: 37134173 PMCID: PMC10156119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control critical cellular signaling pathways. Therapeutic agents including anti-GPCR antibodies (Abs) are being developed to modulate GPCR function. However, validating the selectivity of anti-GPCR Abs is challenging because of sequence similarities among individual receptors within GPCR subfamilies. To address this challenge, we developed a multiplexed immunoassay to test >400 anti-GPCR Abs from the Human Protein Atlas targeting a customized library of 215 expressed and solubilized GPCRs representing all GPCR subfamilies. We found that ~61% of Abs tested were selective for their intended target, ~11% bound off-target, and ~28% did not bind to any GPCR. Antigens of on-target Abs were, on average, significantly longer, more disordered, and less likely to be buried in the interior of the GPCR protein than the other Abs. These results provide important insights into the immunogenicity of GPCR epitopes and form a basis for designing therapeutic Abs and for detecting pathological auto-Abs against GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Dahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ilana B. Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Annika Bendes
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Samuel Fromm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Arne Elofsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas P. Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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4
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Cao S, Peterson SM, Müller S, Reichelt M, McRoberts Amador C, Martinez-Martin N. A membrane protein display platform for receptor interactome discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025451118. [PMID: 34531301 PMCID: PMC8488672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are critical for cell signaling and constitute a quarter of all human genes. Despite their importance and abundance, receptor interaction networks remain understudied because of difficulties associated with maintaining membrane proteins in their native conformation and their typically weak interactions. To overcome these challenges, we developed an extracellular vesicle-based method for membrane protein display that enables purification-free and high-throughput detection of receptor-ligand interactions in membranes. We demonstrate that this platform is broadly applicable to a variety of membrane proteins, enabling enhanced detection of extracellular interactions over a wide range of binding affinities. We were able to recapitulate and expand the interactome for prominent members of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins such as PD-L1/CD274 and B7-H3/CD276. Moreover, when applied to the orphan cancer-associated fibroblast protein, LRRC15, we identified a membrane-dependent interaction with the tumor stroma marker TEM1/CD248. Furthermore, this platform enabled profiling of cellular receptors for target-expressing as well as endogenous extracellular vesicles. Overall, this study presents a sensitive and easy to use screening platform that bypasses membrane protein purification and enables characterization of interactomes for any cell surface-expressed target of interest in its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Cao
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
| | - Sean M Peterson
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Sören Müller
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Pathology Labs, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
- Biologics, Almirall, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Du PX, Chou YY, Santos HM, Keskin BB, Hsieh MH, Ho TS, Wang JY, Lin YL, Syu GD. Development and Application of Human Coronavirus Protein Microarray for Specificity Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7690-7698. [PMID: 34011150 PMCID: PMC8146142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus that causes mild to severe respiratory diseases in humans, including HKU1-CoV, 229E-CoV, NL63-CoV, OC43-CoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Due to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify the patients and investigate their immune responses. Protein microarray is one of the best platforms to profile the antibodies in the blood because of its fast, multiplexed, and sensitive nature. To fully understand the immune responses and biological specificities, this study developed a human coronavirus (HCoV) protein microarray and included all seven human coronaviruses and three influenza viruses. Each protein was printed in triplicate and formed 14 identical blocks per array. The HCoV protein microarray showed high reproducibility and sensitivity to the monoclonal antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid protein with detection limits of 10-200 pg. The HCoV proteins that were immobilized on the array were properly folded and functional by showing interactions with a known human receptor, e.g., ACE2. By profiling the serum IgG and IgA from 32 COVID-19 patients and 36 healthy patients, the HCoV protein microarray demonstrated 97% sensitivity and 97% specificity with two biomarkers. The results also showed the cross-reactivity of IgG and IgA in COVID-19 patients to spike proteins from various coronaviruses, including that from SARS-CoV, HKU1-CoV, and OC43-CoV. Finally, an innate immune protein named surfactant protein D showed broad affinities to spike proteins in all human coronaviruses. Overall, the HCoV protein microarray is multiplexed, sensitive, and specific, which is useful in diagnosis, immune assessment, biological development, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Xian Du
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Chou
- Department
of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Harvey M. Santos
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department
of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of
Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
- Center
of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department
of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of
Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
- International
Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
- Research
Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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6
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Zhu N, Zhang C, Prakash A, Hou Z, Liu W, She W, Morris A, Sik Kim K. Therapeutic development of group B Streptococcus meningitis by targeting a host cell signaling network involving EGFR. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12651. [PMID: 33474818 PMCID: PMC7933950 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the most common Gram-positive bacterium causing neonatal meningitis and GBS meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. In this study, we showed that GBS penetration into the brain occurred initially in the meningeal and cortex capillaries, and exploits a defined host cell signaling network comprised of S1P2 , EGFR, and CysLT1. GBS exploitation of such network in penetration of the blood-brain barrier was demonstrated by targeting S1P2 , EGFR, and CysLT1 using pharmacological inhibition, gene knockout and knockdown cells, and gene knockout animals, as well as interrogation of the network (up- and downstream of each other). More importantly, counteracting such targets as a therapeutic adjunct to antibiotic therapy was beneficial in improving the outcome of animals with GBS meningitis. These findings indicate that investigating GBS penetration of the blood-brain barrier provides a novel approach for therapeutic development of GBS meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Zhu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Chengxian Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Atish Prakash
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Zheng Hou
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Weifeng She
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Andrew Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Gill Heart InstituteUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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7
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Liang R, Ma G, Jing W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Tao N, Wang S. Charge-Sensitive Optical Detection of Small Molecule Binding Kinetics in Normal Ionic Strength Buffer. ACS Sens 2021; 6:364-370. [PMID: 32842724 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most label-free detection technologies detect the masses of molecules, and their sensitivities thus decrease with molecular weight, making it challenging to detect small molecules. To address this need, we have developed a charge-sensitive optical detection (CSOD) technique, which detects the charge rather than the mass of a molecule with an optical fiber. However, the effective charge of a molecule decreases with the buffer ionic strength. For this reason, the previous CSOD works with diluted buffers, which could affect the measured molecular binding kinetics. Here, we show a technique capable of detecting molecular binding kinetics in normal ionic strength buffers. An H-shaped sample well was developed to increase the current density at the sensing area to compensate the signal loss due to ionic screening at normal ionic strength buffer, while keeping the current density low at the electrodes to minimize the electrode reaction. In addition, agarose gels were used to cover the electrodes to prevent electrode reaction generated bubbles from entering the sensing area. With this new design, we have measured the binding kinetics between G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their small molecule ligands in normal buffer. We found that the affinities measured in normal buffer are stronger than those measured in diluted buffer, likely due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion force between the same charged ligands and receptors in the diluted buffer.
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8
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Syu GD, Johansen E, Zhu H. Virion Display: A High-Throughput Method to Express Functional Membrane Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 132:e126. [PMID: 32965799 DOI: 10.1002/cpmb.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins are responsible for many critical cellular functions and represent one of the largest families of drug targets. However, these proteins, especially multipass transmembrane proteins, are difficult to study because they must be embedded in a lipid bilayer to maintain their native conformations. The development of the virion display (VirD) technology enables transmembrane proteins to be integrated into the viral envelope of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Combining high-throughput cloning, expression, and purification techniques, VirD technology has been applied to the largest set of human transmembrane proteins, namely G-protein-coupled receptors, and has allowed the identification of interactions that are both specific and functional. This article describes the procedures to integrate an open reading frame for any transmembrane protein into the HSV-1 genome and produce recombinant HSV-1 virus to ultimately generate pure VirD virions for biological and pharmaceutical studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Gateway cloning of transmembrane proteins Support Protocol 1: Ethanol precipitation of bacterial artificial chromosomal DNA Support Protocol 2: Preparation of competent cells Basic Protocol 2: Production of recombinant HSV-1 virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Eric Johansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Feng Y, Huang J, Qu C, Huang M, Chen Z, Tang D, Xu Z, Wang B, Chen Z. Future perspective: high-throughput construction of new ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for high-throughput screening (HTS) of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7685-7699. [PMID: 32870351 PMCID: PMC7459963 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-host cell interactions play an important role in many human infectious and inflammatory diseases. Several pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), and even the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), can cause serious breathing and brain disorders, tissue injury and inflammation, leading to high rates of mortality and resulting in great loss to human physical and mental health as well as the global economy. These infectious diseases exploit the microbial and host factors to induce serious inflammatory and immunological symptoms. Thus the development of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting bacterial/viral infection is an urgent need. In previous studies, YojI-IFNAR2, YojI-IL10RA, YojI-NRP1,YojI-SIGLEC7, and YojI-MC4R membrane-protein interactions were found to mediate E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which activated the downstream anti-inflammatory proteins NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 2(NLRP2), using a proteomic chip conjugated with cell immunofluorescence labeling. However, the studies of pathogen (bacteria/virus)-host cell interactions mediated by membrane protein interactions did not extend their principles to broad biomedical applications such as 2019-nCoV infectious disease therapy. The first part of this feature article presents in-depth analysis of the cross-talk of cellular anti-inflammatory transduction signaling among interferon membrane protein receptor II (IFNAR2), interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha (IL-10RA), NLRP2 and [Ca2+]-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2G5), based on experimental results and important published studies, which lays a theoretical foundation for the high-throughput construction of the cytokine and virion solution chip. The paper then moves on to the construction of the novel GPCR recombinant herpes virion chip and virion nano-oscillators for profiling membrane protein functions, which drove the idea of constructing the new recombinant virion and cytokine liquid chips for HTS of leading drugs. Due to the different structural properties of GPCR, IFNAR2, ACE2 and Spike of 2019-nCoV, their ligands will either bind the extracellular domain of IFNAR2/ACE2/Spike or the specific loops of the GPCR on the envelope of the recombinant herpes virions to induce dynamic charge distribution changes that lead to the variable electron transition for detection. Taken together, the combined overview of two of the most innovative and exciting developments in the immunoinflammatory field provides new insight into high-throughput construction of ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for HTS of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases including infectious diseases, acute or chronic inflammation (acute gouty arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, atheromatosis, diabetes, obesity, tissue injury and tumors. It has significant value in the prevention and treatment of these serious and painful diseases. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Feng
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Chuanhua Qu
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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10
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Syu GD, Dunn J, Zhu H. Developments and Applications of Functional Protein Microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:916-927. [PMID: 32303587 PMCID: PMC7261817 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein microarrays are crucial tools in the study of proteins in an unbiased, high-throughput manner, as they allow for characterization of up to thousands of individually purified proteins in parallel. The adaptability of this technology has enabled its use in a wide variety of applications, including the study of proteome-wide molecular interactions, analysis of post-translational modifications, identification of novel drug targets, and examination of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, the technology has also been shown to be useful in profiling antibody specificity, as well as in the discovery of novel biomarkers, especially for autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we will summarize the developments that have been made in protein microarray technology in both in basic and translational research over the past decade. We will also introduce a novel membrane protein array, the GPCR-VirD array, and discuss the future directions of functional protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C..
| | - Jessica Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
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11
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Kim KS. Investigating Bacterial Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:34-42. [PMID: 31805229 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most distressing aspect of bacterial meningitis is limited improvement in the mortality and morbidity despite attributable advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. A major contributing factor to such mortality and morbidity is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Microbial penetration of the blood-brain barrier, a prerequisite for the development of bacterial meningitis, exploits specific host and bacterial factors as well as host cell signaling molecules. Determination and characterization of such host and bacterial factors have been instrumental for developing our current knowledge on the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis. In addition, counteracting such host and microbial factors has been shown to be efficacious in the prevention of bacterial meningitis. Antimicrobial therapy alone has limited efficacy in improving the outcome of bacterial meningitis. Recent studies suggest that counteracting targets contributing to bacterial penetration of the blood-brain barrier are a beneficial therapeutic adjunct to antimicrobial therapy in improving the outcome of bacterial meningitis. Taken together, these findings indicate that the elucidation of host and bacterial factors contributing to microbial penetration of the blood-brain barrier provides a novel strategy for investigating the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Room 3157, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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12
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Qi H, Wang F, Tao SC. Proteome microarray technology and application: higher, wider, and deeper. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:815-827. [PMID: 31469014 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1662303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Protein microarray is a powerful tool for both biological study and clinical research. The most useful features of protein microarrays are their miniaturized size (low reagent and sample consumption), high sensitivity and their capability for parallel/high-throughput analysis. The major focus of this review is functional proteome microarray. Areas covered: For proteome microarray, this review will discuss some recently constructed proteome microarrays and new concepts that have been used for constructing proteome microarrays and data interpretation in past few years, such as PAGES, M-NAPPA strategy, VirD technology, and the first protein microarray database. this review will summarize recent proteomic scale applications and address the limitations and future directions of proteome microarray technology. Expert opinion: Proteome microarray is a powerful tool for basic biological and clinical research. It is expected to see improvements in the currently used proteome microarrays and the construction of more proteome microarrays for other species by using traditional strategies or novel concepts. It is anticipated that the maximum number of features on a single microarray and the number of possible applications will be increased, and the information that can be obtained from proteome microarray experiments will more in-depth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qi
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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