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Wang K, Zerdes I, Johansson HJ, Sarhan D, Sun Y, Kanellis DC, Sifakis EG, Mezheyeuski A, Liu X, Loman N, Hedenfalk I, Bergh J, Bartek J, Hatschek T, Lehtiö J, Matikas A, Foukakis T. Longitudinal molecular profiling elucidates immunometabolism dynamics in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3837. [PMID: 38714665 PMCID: PMC11076527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) is well described in breast cancer, little is known about how the interplay of immune state and cancer metabolism evolves during treatment. Here, we characterize the immunometabolic profiles of tumor tissue samples longitudinally collected from individuals with breast cancer before, during and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using proteomics, genomics and histopathology. We show that the pre-, on-treatment and dynamic changes of the immune state, tumor metabolic proteins and tumor cell gene expression profiling-based metabolic phenotype are associated with treatment response. Single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing revealed distinct tumor and immune cell states in metabolism between cold and hot tumors. Potential drivers of NAC based on above analyses were validated in vitro. In summary, the study shows that the interaction of tumor-intrinsic metabolic states and TME is associated with treatment outcome, supporting the concept of targeting tumor metabolism for immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik J Johansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yizhe Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitris C Kanellis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Loman
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Institute, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hatschek
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Alvarez-Frutos L, Barriuso D, Duran M, Infante M, Kroemer G, Palacios-Ramirez R, Senovilla L. Multiomics insights on the onset, progression, and metastatic evolution of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1292046. [PMID: 38169859 PMCID: PMC10758476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1292046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Despite progress to date, 700,000 women worldwide died of this disease in 2020. Apparently, the prognostic markers currently used in the clinic are not sufficient to determine the most appropriate treatment. For this reason, great efforts have been made in recent years to identify new molecular biomarkers that will allow more precise and personalized therapeutic decisions in both primary and recurrent breast cancers. These molecular biomarkers include genetic and post-transcriptional alterations, changes in protein expression, as well as metabolic, immunological or microbial changes identified by multiple omics technologies (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, immunomics and microbiomics). This review summarizes studies based on omics analysis that have identified new biomarkers for diagnosis, patient stratification, differentiation between stages of tumor development (initiation, progression, and metastasis/recurrence), and their relevance for treatment selection. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance of clinical trials based on multiomics studies and the need to advance in this direction in order to establish personalized therapies and prolong disease-free survival of these patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Alvarez-Frutos
- Laboratory of Cell Stress and Immunosurveillance, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Barriuso
- Laboratory of Cell Stress and Immunosurveillance, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Cancer, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mar Infante
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Cancer, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Palacios-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cell Stress and Immunosurveillance, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Laboratory of Cell Stress and Immunosurveillance, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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[CD40LG is a novel immune- and stroma-related prognostic biomarker in the tumor microenvironment of invasive breast cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1267-1278. [PMID: 36210698 PMCID: PMC9550551 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify tumor microenvironment (TME)- related genes associated with the occurrence of invasive breast cancer as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS RNA transcriptome data and clinically relevant data were retrieved from TCGA database, and the StromalScore and ImmuneScore were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by taking the intersection. A protein- protein interaction network was established, and univariate COX regression analysis was used to identify the core genes among the DEGs. A core gene was selected for GSEA and CIBERSORT analysis to determine the function of the core gene and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, respectively. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to verify the expression level of CD40LG in breast cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. RESULTS A total of 1222 samples (124 normal and 1098 tumor samples) were extracted from TCGA for analysis, from which 487 DEGs were identified. These genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways, and crossover analysis identified 11 key genes (CD40LG, ITK, CD5, CD3E, SPN, IL7R, CD48, CCL19, CD2, CD52, and CD2711) associated with breast cancer TME status. CD40LG was selected as the core gene, whose high expression was found to be associated with a longer overall survival of breast cancer patients (P=0.002), and its expression level differed significantly with TNM stage and tumor size (P < 0.05). GSEA and CIBERSORT analyses indicated that CD40LG expression level was associated with immune activity in the TME. Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression of CD40LG were significantly lower in breast cancer cells and cancer tissues than in normal breast cells and adjacent tissues. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of CD40LG in TME is positively correlated with the survival of patients with invasive breast cancer, suggesting its value as a potential new biomarker for predicting prognosis of the patients.
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Tian Y, Wang J, Wen Q, Gao A, Huang A, Li R, Zhang Y, Su G, Sun Y. The Significance of Tumor Microenvironment Score for Breast Cancer Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5673810. [PMID: 35528180 PMCID: PMC9071896 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5673810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to clarify the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment score and abnormal genomic alterations in TME for breast cancer patients. Method The TCGA-BRCA data were downloaded from TCGA and analyzed with R software. The results from analyses were further validated using the dataset from GSE96058, GSE124647, and GSE25066. Results After analyzing the TCGA data and verifying it with the GEO data, we developed a TMEscore model based on the TME infiltration pattern and validated it in 3273 breast cancer patients. The results suggested that our TMEscore model has high prognostic value. TME features with the TMEscore model can help to predict breast cancer patients' response to immunotherapy and provide new strategies for breast cancer treatment. Signature 24 was first found in breast cancer. In focal SCNAs, a total of 95 amplified genes and 169 deletion genes in the TMEscore high group were found to be significantly related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients, while 61 amplified genes and 174 deletion genes in the TMEscore low group were identified. LRRC48, CFAP69, and cg25726128 were first discovered and reported to be related to the survival of breast cancer patients. We identified specific mutation signatures that correlate with TMEscore and prognosis. Conclusion TMEscore model has high predictive value regarding prognosis and patients' response to immunotherapy. Signature 24 was first found in breast cancer. Specific mutation signatures that correlate with TMEscore and prognosis might be used for providing additional indicators for disease evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 Shandong, China
- Somatic Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250023, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Jinan Clinical Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiqin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 Shandong, China
| | - Alan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, The Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 Shandong, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Wang K, Patkar S, Lee JS, Gertz EM, Robinson W, Schischlik F, Crawford DR, Schäffer AA, Ruppin E. Deconvolving Clinically Relevant Cellular Immune Cross-talk from Bulk Gene Expression Using CODEFACS and LIRICS Stratifies Patients with Melanoma to Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1088-1105. [PMID: 34983745 PMCID: PMC8983586 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex mixture of cell types whose interactions affect tumor growth and clinical outcome. To discover such interactions, we developed CODEFACS (COnfident DEconvolution For All Cell Subsets), a tool deconvolving cell type-specific gene expression in each sample from bulk expression, and LIRICS (Ligand-Receptor Interactions between Cell Subsets), a statistical framework prioritizing clinically relevant ligand-receptor interactions between cell types from the deconvolved data. We first demonstrate the superiority of CODEFACS versus the state-of-the-art deconvolution method CIBERSORTx. Second, analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas, we uncover cell type-specific ligand-receptor interactions uniquely associated with mismatch-repair deficiency across different cancer types, providing additional insights into their enhanced sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy compared with other tumors with high neoantigen burden. Finally, we identify a subset of cell type-specific ligand-receptor interactions in the melanoma TME that stratify survival of patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy better than some recently published bulk transcriptomics-based methods. SIGNIFICANCE This work presents two new computational methods that can deconvolve a large collection of bulk tumor gene expression profiles into their respective cell type-specific gene expression profiles and identify cell type-specific ligand-receptor interactions predictive of response to immune-checkpoint blockade therapy. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sushant Patkar
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - E. Michael Gertz
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Welles Robinson
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Fiorella Schischlik
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - David R. Crawford
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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6
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Functional annotation of breast cancer risk loci: current progress and future directions. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:981-993. [PMID: 34741135 PMCID: PMC8980003 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies coupled with large-scale replication and fine-scale mapping studies have identified more than 150 genomic regions that are associated with breast cancer risk. Here, we review efforts to translate these findings into a greater understanding of disease mechanism. Our review comes in the context of a recently published fine-scale mapping analysis of these regions, which reported 352 independent signals and a total of 13,367 credible causal variants. The vast majority of credible causal variants map to noncoding DNA, implicating regulation of gene expression as the mechanism by which functional variants influence risk. Accordingly, we review methods for defining candidate-regulatory sequences, methods for identifying putative target genes and methods for linking candidate-regulatory sequences to putative target genes. We provide a summary of available data resources and identify gaps in these resources. We conclude that while much work has been done, there is still much to do. There are, however, grounds for optimism; combining statistical data from fine-scale mapping with functional data that are more representative of the normal "at risk" breast, generated using new technologies, should lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence an individual woman's risk of breast cancer.
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7
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Meng Z, Chen Y, Wu W, Yan B, Zhang L, Chen H, Meng Y, Liang Y, Yao X, Luo J. PRRX1 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Facilitates Tumor Progression Through Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:754645. [PMID: 35281030 PMCID: PMC8914230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.754645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. UM develops and is sustained by inflammation and immunosuppression from the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study sought to identify a reliable TME-related biomarker that could provide survival prediction and new insight into therapy for UM patients. Based on clinical characteristics and the RNA-seq transcriptome data of 80 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, PRRX1 as a TME- and prognosis-related gene was identified using the ESTIMATE algorithm and the LASSO–Cox regression model. A prognostic model based on PRRX1 was constructed and validated with a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset of 63 samples. High PRRX1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in UM patients. Comprehensive results of the prognostic analysis showed that PRRX1 was an independent and reliable predictor of UM. Then the results of immunological characteristics demonstrated that higher expression of PRRX1 was accompanied by higher expression of immune checkpoint genes, lower tumor mutation burden (TMB), and greater tumor cell infiltration into the TME. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that high PRRX1 expression correlated with angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammation. Furthermore, downregulation of PRRX1 weakened the process of EMT, reduced cell invasion and migration of human UM cell line MuM-2B in vitro. Taken together, these findings indicated that increased PRRX1 expression is independently a prognostic factor of poorer OS and MFS in patients with UM, and that PRRX1 promotes malignant progression of UM by facilitating EMT, suggesting that PRRX1 may be a potential target for UM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youling Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yao
- Shenzhen College of International Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Luo,
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Khoo A, Liu LY, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Vesprini D, Downes MR, Boutros PC, Liu SK, Kislinger T. Proteomic discovery of non-invasive biomarkers of localized prostate cancer using mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:707-724. [PMID: 34453155 PMCID: PMC8639658 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in men worldwide. Patient outcomes are remarkably heterogeneous and the best existing clinical prognostic tools such as International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group, pretreatment serum PSA concentration and T-category, do not accurately predict disease outcome for individual patients. Thus, patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are often overtreated or undertreated, reducing quality of life and increasing disease-specific mortality. Biomarkers that can improve the risk stratification of these patients are, therefore, urgently needed. The ideal biomarker in this setting will be non-invasive and affordable, enabling longitudinal evaluation of disease status. Prostatic secretions, urine and blood can be sources of biomarker discovery, validation and clinical implementation, and mass spectrometry can be used to detect and quantify proteins in these fluids. Protein biomarkers currently in use for diagnosis, prognosis and relapse-monitoring of localized prostate cancer in fluids remain centred around PSA and its variants, and opportunities exist for clinically validating novel and complimentary candidate protein biomarkers and deploying them into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Khoo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lydia Y Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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9
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Yang Q. A High Epigenetic Risk Score Shapes the Non-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:675198. [PMID: 34381812 PMCID: PMC8350480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.675198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic dysregulation via aberrant DNA methylation has gradually become recognized as an efficacious signature for predicting tumor prognosis and response to therapeutic targets. However, reliable DNA methylation biomarkers describing tumorigenesis remain to be comprehensively explored regarding their prognostic and therapeutic potential in breast cancer (BC). Methods: Whole-genome methylation datasets integrated from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were profiled (n = 1,268). A three-stage selection procedure (discovery, training, and external validation) was utilized to screen out the prominent biomarkers and establish a robust risk score from more than 300,000 CpG sites after quality control, rigorous filtering, and reducing dimension. Moreover, gene set enrichment analyses guided us to systematically correlate this epigenetic risk score with immunological characteristics, including immunomodulators, anti-cancer immunity cycle, immune checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and a series of signatures upon modulating components within BC tumor microenvironment (TME). Multi-omics data analyses were performed to decipher specific genomic alterations in low- and high-risk patients. Additionally, we also analyzed the role of risk score in predicting response to several treatment options. Results: A 10-CpG-based prognostic signature which could significantly and independently categorize BC patients into distinct prognoses was established and sufficiently validated. And we hypothesize that this signature designs a non-inflamed TME in BC based on the evidence that the derived risk score is negatively correlated with tumor-associated infiltrating immune cells, anti-cancer immunity cycle, immune checkpoints, immune cytolytic activity, T cell inflamed score, immunophenoscore, and the vast majority of immunomodulators. The identified high-risk patients were characterized by upregulation of immune inhibited oncogenic pathways, higher TP53 mutation and copy number burden, but lower response to cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our work highlights the complementary roles of 10-CpG-based signature in estimating overall survival in BC patients, shedding new light on investigating failed events concerning immunotherapy at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Li B, Pei G, Yao J, Ding Q, Jia P, Zhao Z. Cell-type deconvolution analysis identifies cancer-associated myofibroblast component as a poor prognostic factor in multiple cancer types. Oncogene 2021; 40:4686-4694. [PMID: 34140640 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a prominent component of the tumor microenvironment and play critical roles in cancer progression and drug resistance. Although recent studies indicate CAFs may consist of several CAF subtypes, the breadth of CAF heterogeneity and functional roles of CAF subtypes in cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we implemented a cell-type deconvolutional approach to comprehensively characterize cell-type alternations across 18 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Pan-cancer survival analysis using deconvoluted CAF subtypes revealed myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF) composition as a poor prognostic factor in nine cancer types. Patients with higher myCAF compositions tend to have worse response to six antineoplastic drugs predicted by a lncRNA-based Elastic Net prediction model (LENP). In addition, integrative mutational analysis identified 14 and 413 genes associated with the differentiation degree of myCAF and inflammatory CAF (iCAF), respectively, with significant enrichment of genes involved in fibroblast and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathways. In summary, our findings systematically illustrated the complex roles of CAF subtypes in patient prognosis and drug response, and identified putative driver genes in CAF-subtype differentiation. These results provided novel therapeutic perspectives for targeting CAF subtypes in tumor microenvironment and arranging treatment scheme based on the CAF compositions in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Li
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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De Mattos-Arruda L, Cortes J, Blanco-Heredia J, Tiezzi DG, Villacampa G, Gonçalves-Ribeiro S, Paré L, Souza CA, Ortega V, Sammut SJ, Cusco P, Fasani R, Chin SF, Perez-Garcia J, Dienstmann R, Nuciforo P, Villagrasa P, Rubio IT, Prat A, Caldas C. The temporal mutational and immune tumour microenvironment remodelling of HER2-negative primary breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:73. [PMID: 34099718 PMCID: PMC8185105 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy is underrepresented in the literature and provides a window-of-opportunity to explore the genomic and microenvironment modulation of tumours exposed to therapy. Here, we characterised the mutational, gene expression, pathway enrichment and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) dynamics across different timepoints of 35 HER2-negative primary breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant eribulin therapy (SOLTI-1007 NEOERIBULIN-NCT01669252). Whole-exome data (N = 88 samples) generated mutational profiles and candidate neoantigens and were analysed along with RNA-Nanostring 545-gene expression (N = 96 samples) and stromal TILs (N = 105 samples). Tumour mutation burden varied across patients at baseline but not across the sampling timepoints for each patient. Mutational signatures were not always conserved across tumours. There was a trend towards higher odds of response and less hazard to relapse when the percentage of subclonal mutations was low, suggesting that more homogenous tumours might have better responses to neoadjuvant therapy. Few driver mutations (5.1%) generated putative neoantigens. Mutation and neoantigen load were positively correlated (R2 = 0.94, p = <0.001); neoantigen load was weakly correlated with stromal TILs (R2 = 0.16, p = 0.02). An enrichment in pathways linked to immune infiltration and reduced programmed cell death expression were seen after 12 weeks of eribulin in good responders. VEGF was downregulated over time in the good responder group and FABP5, an inductor of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), was upregulated in cases that recurred (p < 0.05). Mutational heterogeneity, subclonal architecture and the improvement of immune microenvironment along with remodelling of hypoxia and EMT may influence the response to neoadjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Javier Cortes
- Oncology Department International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
- Breast Cancer Research program, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Blanco-Heredia
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel G Tiezzi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Breast Disease Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Villacampa
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Paré
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Anjos Souza
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Ortega
- Breast Cancer Research program, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen-John Sammut
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pol Cusco
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Fasani
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose Perez-Garcia
- Oncology Department International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel T Rubio
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Chen Y, Meng Z, Zhang L, Liu F. CD2 Is a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker of Invasive Breast Carcinoma That Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664845. [PMID: 33968066 PMCID: PMC8102873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer (BCa) is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, unlimited proliferation, and even immune escape, but we know little about the TME of BCa. In this study, we aimed to find a TME-related biomarker for BCa, especially for invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA), that could predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Based on RNA-seq transcriptome data and the clinical characteristics of 1222 samples (113 normal and 1109 tumor samples) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the ImmuneScore and StromalScore and then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high and low ImmuneScore groups and the high and low StromalScore groups. Thereafter, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and univariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival were used to identify potential key genes. Five candidate genes were identified, comprising CD2, CCL19, CD52, CD3E, and ITK. Thereafter, we focused on CD2, analyzing CD2 expression and its association with survival. CD2 expression was associated with tumor size (T stage) to some extent, but not with overall TNM stage, lymph node status (N stage), or distant metastasis (M stage). High CD2 expression was associated with longer survival. METABRIC data were used to validate the survival result (n = 276). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that were significantly associated with high CD2 expression were mainly immune-related pathways. Furthermore, CD2 expression was correlated with 16 types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs). Hence, CD2 might be a novel biomarker in terms of molecular typing, and it may serve as a complementary approach to TNM staging to improve clinical outcome prediction for BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Yang L, Kim TH, Cho HY, Luo J, Lee JM, Chueng STD, Hou Y, Yin PTT, Han J, Kim JH, Chung BG, Choi JW, Lee KB. Hybrid Graphene-Gold Nanoparticle-based Nucleic Acid Conjugates for Cancer-Specific Multimodal Imaging and Combined Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006918. [PMID: 33776614 PMCID: PMC7996391 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based nucleic acid conjugates (NP-NACs) hold great promise for theragnostic (diagnostic and therapeutic) applications. However, several limitations have hindered the realization of their full potential in the clinical treatment of cancer and other diseases. In diagnosis, NP-NACs, combined with conventional optical sensing systems, have been applied for cancer detection in vitro, but low signal-to-noise ratios limit their broad in vivo applications. Meanwhile, the efficiency of NP-NAC-mediated cancer therapies has been limited through the adaptation of alternative pro-survival pathways in cancer cells. The recent emergence of personalized and precision medicine has outlined the importance of both accurate diagnosis and efficient therapeutics in a single platform. As such, we report the controlled assembly of hybrid graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle-based cancer-specific NACs (Au@GO NP-NACs) for multimodal imaging and combined therapeutics. Our developed Au@GO NP-NACs shows excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-mediated live-cell cancer detection and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy through the use of photothermal, genetic, and chemotherapeutic strategies. Synergistic and selective killing of cancer cells were then demonstrated by using in vitro microfluidic models and nine different cancer cell lines by further incorporating near-infrared photothermal hyperthermia, a Topoisomerase II anti-cancer drug, and cancer targeting peptides. Moreover, with distinctive advantages of the Au@GO NP-NACs for cancer theragnostics, we further demonstrated precision cancer treatment through the detection of cancer cells in vivo using SERS followed by efficient ablation of the tumor. Therefore, our Au@GO NP-NACs could pave a new road for the advanced theragnostics of cancer as well as many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sy-Tsong Dean Chueng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Perry To-Tien Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jiyou Han
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02741, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02741, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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14
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Huang Y, Chen L, Tang Z, Min Y, Yu W, Yang G, Zhang L. A Novel Immune and Stroma Related Prognostic Marker for Invasive Breast Cancer in Tumor Microenvironment: A TCGA Based Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774244. [PMID: 34867821 PMCID: PMC8636929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in women. The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression. Increasing evidence has emphasized the importance of TME, especially the immune components, in patients with BC. Nevertheless, we still lack a deep understanding of the correlation between tumor invasion and TME status. METHODS Transcriptome and clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. ESTIMATE algorithm was applied for quantifying stromal and immune scores. Then we screened out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through the intersection analysis. Furthermore, the establishment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate COX regression analysis were utilized to determine the core genes in DEGs. In addition, we also performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and CIBERSORT analysis to distinguish the function of crucial gene expression and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs), respectively. RESULTS A total of 1178 samples (112 normal samples and 1066 tumor samples) were extracted from TCGA for calculation, and 226 DEGs were obtained from this assessment. Further intersection analysis revealed eight key genes, including ITK, CD3E, CCL19, CD2, SH2D1A, CD5, SLAMF6, SPN, which were proven to correlate with BC status. Moreover, ITK was picked out for further study. The results illustrated that high expression of BC patients had a more prolonged overall survival (OS) time than ITK low expression BC patients (p = 0.009), and ITK expression also presented the statistical significance in age, TNM staging, tumor size classification, and metastasis classification. Additionally, GSEA and CIBERSORT analysis indicated that ITK expression had an association with immune activity in TME. CONCLUSION ITK may be a potential indicator for prognosis prediction in patients with BC, and its biological behavior may promote our understanding of the molecular mechanism of tumor progression and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Min
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Zhang, ; Gangyi Yang,
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Zhang, ; Gangyi Yang,
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15
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Haider S, Tyekucheva S, Prandi D, Fox NS, Ahn J, Xu AW, Pantazi A, Park PJ, Laird PW, Sander C, Wang W, Demichelis F, Loda M, Boutros PC. Systematic Assessment of Tumor Purity and Its Clinical Implications. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000016. [PMID: 33015524 PMCID: PMC7529507 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor microenvironment is complex, comprising heterogeneous cellular populations. As molecular profiles are frequently generated using bulk tissue sections, they represent an admixture of multiple cell types (including immune, stromal, and cancer cells) interacting with each other. Therefore, these molecular profiles are confounded by signals emanating from many cell types. Accurate assessment of residual cancer cell fraction is crucial for parameterization and interpretation of genomic analyses, as well as for accurately interpreting the clinical properties of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS To benchmark cancer cell fraction estimation methods, 10 estimators were applied to a clinical cohort of 333 patients with prostate cancer. These methods include gold-standard multiobserver pathology estimates, as well as estimates inferred from genome, epigenome, and transcriptome data. In addition, two methods based on genomic and transcriptomic profiles were used to quantify tumor purity in 4,497 tumors across 12 cancer types. Bulk mRNA and microRNA profiles were subject to in silico deconvolution to estimate cancer cell-specific mRNA and microRNA profiles. RESULTS We present a systematic comparison of 10 tumor purity estimation methods on a cohort of 333 prostate tumors. We quantify variation among purity estimation methods and demonstrate how this influences interpretation of clinico-genomic analyses. Our data show poor concordance between pathologic and molecular purity estimates, necessitating caution when interpreting molecular results. Limited concordance between DNA- and mRNA-derived purity estimates remained a general pan-cancer phenomenon when tested in an additional 4,497 tumors spanning 12 cancer types. CONCLUSION The choice of tumor purity estimation method may have a profound impact on the interpretation of genomic assays. Taken together, these data highlight the need for improved assessment of tumor purity and quantitation of its influences on the molecular hallmarks of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haider
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,Syed Haider, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London, United Kingdom; Twitter: @theboutroslab, @UCLAJCCC; e-mail:
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Davide Prandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Natalie S. Fox
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Andrew Wei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Peter J. Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Chris Sander
- cBio Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Houston
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Paczkowska M, Barenboim J, Sintupisut N, Fox NS, Zhu H, Abd-Rabbo D, Mee MW, Boutros PC, Reimand J. Integrative pathway enrichment analysis of multivariate omics data. Nat Commun 2020; 11:735. [PMID: 32024846 PMCID: PMC7002665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics datasets represent distinct aspects of the central dogma of molecular biology. Such high-dimensional molecular profiles pose challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation. ActivePathways is an integrative method that discovers significantly enriched pathways across multiple datasets using statistical data fusion, rationalizes contributing evidence and highlights associated genes. As part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we integrated genes with coding and non-coding mutations and revealed frequently mutated pathways and additional cancer genes with infrequent mutations. We also analyzed prognostic molecular pathways by integrating genomic and transcriptomic features of 1780 breast cancers and highlighted associations with immune response and anti-apoptotic signaling. Integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data for master regulators of the Hippo pathway across normal human tissues identified processes of tissue regeneration and stem cell regulation. ActivePathways is a versatile method that improves systems-level understanding of cellular organization in health and disease through integration of multiple molecular datasets and pathway annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paczkowska
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Barenboim
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Nardnisa Sintupisut
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Natalie S Fox
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Diala Abd-Rabbo
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Miles W Mee
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway #140, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Centre, University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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