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Qu C, Gong X, Sun Y, Gao H, Cai F, Zhao Y, Wu F, Shen Z. Synergistic meso-β regulation of porphyrins: squeezing the band gap into the near-infrared I/II region. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10491-10498. [PMID: 38994426 PMCID: PMC11234831 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel near-infrared (NIR) materials with extremely small energy gaps and high stability is highly desirable in bioimaging and phototherapy. Here we report an effective strategy for narrowing the energy gaps of porphyrins by synergistic regulation of meso/β substituents. The novel NIR absorbing/emitting meso-alkynyl naphthoporphyrins (Zn-TNP and Pt-TNP) are synthesized via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction. X-ray crystallography analysis confirms the highly distorted structures of the complexes. Both compounds exhibit intense Q bands around 800 nm, while Zn-TNP shows deep NIR fluorescence at 847 nm. Pt-TNP displays NIR-II room temperature phosphorescence peaking at 1106 nm with an extremely large Stokes shift of 314 nm, which are the longest wavelengths observed among the reported platinum porphyrinoids. Furthermore, Pt-TNP shows remarkable photostability and a notable capacity for synchronous singlet oxygen and heat generation under NIR light irradiation, demonstrating potential in combined photodynamic/photothermal therapy. A theoretical analysis reveals the progressive lifting of the HOMO by the β-fused benzene ring, the decrease of the LUMO upon meso-alkynyl substitution, and energy-releasing pathways varying with metal ions. This dual regulation approach demonstrates great promise in designing innovative multifunctional NIR porphyrin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinxin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yufen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fangjian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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Pregowska A, Roszkiewicz A, Osial M, Giersig M. How scanning probe microscopy can be supported by artificial intelligence and quantum computing? Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38864463 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding, revolutionizing both science and society. It is applied to practically all areas of life, science, and technology, including materials science, which continuously requires novel tools for effective materials characterization. One of the widely used techniques is scanning probe microscopy (SPM). SPM has fundamentally changed materials engineering, biology, and chemistry by providing tools for atomic-precision surface mapping. Despite its many advantages, it also has some drawbacks, such as long scanning times or the possibility of damaging soft-surface materials. In this paper, we focus on the potential for supporting SPM-based measurements, with an emphasis on the application of AI-based algorithms, especially Machine Learning-based algorithms, as well as quantum computing (QC). It has been found that AI can be helpful in automating experimental processes in routine operations, algorithmically searching for optimal sample regions, and elucidating structure-property relationships. Thus, it contributes to increasing the efficiency and accuracy of optical nanoscopy scanning probes. Moreover, the combination of AI-based algorithms and QC may have enormous potential to enhance the practical application of SPM. The limitations of the AI-QC-based approach were also discussed. Finally, we outline a research path for improving AI-QC-powered SPM. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Artificial intelligence and quantum computing as support for scanning probe microscopy. The analysis indicates a research gap in the field of scanning probe microscopy. The research aims to shed light into ai-qc-powered scanning probe microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pregowska
- Department of Information and Computational Science, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Roszkiewicz
- Department of Information and Computational Science, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Osial
- Department of Information and Computational Science, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Giersig
- Department of Information and Computational Science, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Houska V, Ukraintsev E, Vacek J, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Pohl R, Stará IG, Rezek B, Starý I. Helicene-based π-conjugated macrocycles: their synthesis, properties, chirality and self-assembly into molecular stripes on a graphite surface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1542-1553. [PMID: 36383069 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fully aromatic helicenes are attractive building blocks for the construction of inherently chiral π-conjugated macrocyclic nanocarbons. These hitherto rare molecular architectures are envisaged to exhibit remarkable (chir)optical properties, self-assembly, charge/spin transport, induced ring current or a fascinating Möbius topology. Here the synthesis of helically chiral macrocycles that combine angular dibenzo[5]helicene units as corners and linear trans-stilbene-4,4'-diyl linkers as edges is reported. By subjecting a racemic or enantiopure divinyl derivative of dibenzo[5]helicene to olefin metathesis, which was catalysed by a 2nd generation Piers catalyst under kinetic control, a π-conjugated helicene cyclic trimer (33%) and a tetramer (22%) were obtained, which were separated by GPC. Combining racemic/asymmetric synthesis with the resolution of enantiomers/diastereomers by SFC/HPLC on a chiral column, both homochiral (+)-(M,M,M)/(-)-(P,P,P) and heterochiral (+)-(M,M,P)/(-)-(M,P,P) stereoisomers of the helicene cyclic trimer could be obtained in an enantio- and diastereomerically enriched form. The complete energy profile of their interconversion was compiled on the basis of kinetic measurements and numerical solution of the proposed kinetic model. In equilibrium, the heterochiral diastereomer predominates over the homochiral one (ca. 75 : 25 at 76 °C). π-Conjugation along a large, twisted circuit in the helicene cyclic trimer is rather disrupted, stabilising this formally antiaromatic molecule. Using an optimised PeakForce mode of ambient AFM, the self-assembly of otherwise highly mobile stereoisomers of the helicene cyclic trimer on the HOPG surface could be studied. Irrespective of the stereochemistry, strong preferences for the edge-to-edge interaction of these macrocycles were found to form very long parallel 1D molecular stripes in ordered 2D nanocrystals, a result also supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Six trityl groups, initially introduced to the macrocycle to enhance solubility, serve as a key "molecular Velcro" system in the self-assembly of macrocycles to maximise their mutual van der Waals interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Houska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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4
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Ishizuka T, Grover N, Kingsbury CJ, Kotani H, Senge MO, Kojima T. Nonplanar porphyrins: synthesis, properties, and unique functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7560-7630. [PMID: 35959748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00391k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are variously substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, with wide-ranging biological and chemical applications derived from metal chelation in the core and the 18π aromatic surface. Under suitable conditions, the porphyrin framework can deform significantly from regular planar shape, owing to steric overload on the porphyrin periphery or steric repulsion in the core, among other structure modulation strategies. Adopting this nonplanar porphyrin architecture allows guest molecules to interact directly with an exposed core, with guest-responsive and photoactive electronic states of the porphyrin allowing energy, information, atom and electron transfer within and between these species. This functionality can be incorporated and tuned by decoration of functional groups and electronic modifications, with individual deformation profiles adapted to specific key sensing and catalysis applications. Nonplanar porphyrins are assisting breakthroughs in molecular recognition, organo- and photoredox catalysis; simultaneously bio-inspired and distinctly synthetic, these molecules offer a new dimension in shape-responsive host-guest chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the synthetic methods and design aspects of nonplanar porphyrin formation, key properties, structure and functionality of the nonplanar aromatic framework, and the scope and utility of this emerging class towards outstanding scientific, industrial and environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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5
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Ridolfi A, Caselli L, Baldoni M, Montis C, Mercuri F, Berti D, Valle F, Brucale M. Stiffness of Fluid and Gel Phase Lipid Nanovesicles: Weighting the Contributions of Membrane Bending Modulus and Luminal Pressurization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12027-12037. [PMID: 34610740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biogenic membranous compartments are thought to be relevant in numerous biological processes; however, their quantitative measurement remains challenging for most of the already available force spectroscopy (FS)-based techniques. In particular, the debate on the mechanics of lipid nanovesicles and on the interpretation of their mechanical response to an applied force is still open. This is mostly due to the current lack of a unified model being able to describe the mechanical response of both gel and fluid phase lipid vesicles and to disentangle the contributions of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure. In this framework, we herein propose a simple model in which the interplay of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure to the overall vesicle stiffness is described as a series of springs; this approach allows estimating these two contributions for both gel and fluid phase liposomes. Atomic force microscopy-based FS, performed on both vesicles and supported lipid bilayers, is exploited for obtaining all the parameters involved in the model. Moreover, the use of coarse-grained full-scale molecular dynamics simulations allowed for better understanding of the differences in the mechanical responses of gel and fluid phase bilayers and supported the experimental findings. The results suggest that the pressure contribution is similar among all the probed vesicle types; however, it plays a dominant role in the mechanical response of lipid nanovesicles presenting a fluid phase membrane, while its contribution becomes comparable to the one of membrane rigidity in nanovesicles with a gel phase lipid membrane. The results presented herein offer a simple way to quantify two of the most important parameters in vesicle nanomechanics (membrane rigidity and internal pressurization), and as such represent a first step toward a currently unavailable, unified model for the mechanical response of gel and fluid phase lipid nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Caselli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Peng X, Mahalingam H, Dong S, Mutombo P, Su J, Telychko M, Song S, Lyu P, Ng PW, Wu J, Jelínek P, Chi C, Rodin A, Lu J. Visualizing designer quantum states in stable macrocycle quantum corrals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5895. [PMID: 34625542 PMCID: PMC8501084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating atomically precise quantum architectures with high digital fidelity and desired quantum states is an important goal in a new era of quantum technology. The strategy of creating these quantum nanostructures mainly relies on atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule manipulation or molecular assembly through non-covalent interactions, which thus lack sufficient chemical robustness required for on-chip quantum device operation at elevated temperature. Here, we report a bottom-up synthesis of covalently linked organic quantum corrals (OQCs) with atomic precision to induce the formation of topology-controlled quantum resonance states, arising from a collective interference of scattered electron waves inside the quantum nanocavities. Individual OQCs host a series of atomic orbital-like resonance states whose orbital hybridization into artificial homo-diatomic and hetero-diatomic molecular-like resonance states can be constructed in Cassini oval-shaped OQCs with desired topologies corroborated by joint ab initio and analytic calculations. Our studies open up a new avenue to fabricate covalently linked large-sized OQCs with atomic precision to engineer desired quantum states with high chemical robustness and digital fidelity for future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pei Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Aleksandr Rodin
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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7
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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8
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Alessandri R, Grünewald F, Marrink SJ. The Martini Model in Materials Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008635. [PMID: 33956373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Martini model, a coarse-grained force field initially developed with biomolecular simulations in mind, has found an increasing number of applications in the field of soft materials science. The model's underlying building block principle does not pose restrictions on its application beyond biomolecular systems. Here, the main applications to date of the Martini model in materials science are highlighted, and a perspective for the future developments in this field is given, particularly in light of recent developments such as the new version of the model, Martini 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
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9
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Fathi P, Pan D. Current trends in pyrrole and porphyrin-derived nanoscale materials for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2493-2515. [PMID: 32975469 PMCID: PMC7610151 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is written to provide an up-to-date review of pyrrole-based biomedical materials. Porphyrins and other tetrapyrrolic molecules possess unique magnetic, optical and other photophysical properties that make them useful for bioimaging and therapy. This review touches briefly on some of the synthetic strategies to obtain porphyrin- and tetrapyrrole-based nanoparticles, as well as the variety of applications in which crosslinked, self-assembled, porphyrin-coated and other nanoparticles are utilized. We explore examples of these nanoparticles' applications in photothermal therapy, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, stimuli response, fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. We anticipate that this review will provide a comprehensive summary of pyrrole-derived nanoparticles and provide a guideline for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering & Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering & Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine & Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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10
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Chowdhury S, Das M, Mukherjee P, Gupta BC. Diameter-dependent structural and electronic property of fused porphyrin nanotubes: A density functional study. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have systematically carried out a density functional theory-based investigation to understand the structural and electronic properties of various fused metalloporphyrin nanotubes (MPNT; M = Sc and Ti) by varying their diameters ranging from 7.91 Å to 18.70 Å for ScPNT and 7.90 Å to 18.59 Å for TiPNT. Binding energies and curvature energies are calculated to access the binding strength and stability of the nanotubes (NTs). From band structure and density of states, it is observed that the ScPNTs are metallic in nature and TiPNTs are semiconductors with small band gaps. The energy gap increases with increasing tube diameter. Our study also indicates that the transition metal atoms play an important role in determining the electrical nature (metallic or semiconducting) of the NTs. Furthermore, work functions for the fused NTs are found to decrease with increasing tube diameter. These results may have direct relevance to the technological applications in terms of band gap engineering or controlled thermionic emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
| | - Monoj Das
- Department of Physics, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, W.B.- 713128, India
| | - Prajna Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Bolpur College, Bolpur, W.B.- 731204, India
| | - Bikash C. Gupta
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
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