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Klinger E, Mursa A, Rivera-Aguilar CM, Vicarini R, Passilly N, Boudot R. Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the Cs atom 6S 1/2-7P 1/2 transition at 459 nm in a microfabricated vapor cell. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1953-1956. [PMID: 38621049 DOI: 10.1364/ol.514866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report on the characterization of sub-Doppler resonances detected by probing the 6S1/2 - 7P1/2 transition of the Cs atom at 459 nm in a microfabricated vapor cell. The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance (linewidth, amplitude) on some key experimental parameters, including the laser intensity and the cell temperature, is investigated. These narrow atomic resonances are of interest for high-resolution spectroscopy and instrumentation and may constitute the basis of a high-stability microcell optical standard.
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Jin M, Zhang X, Liu X, Liang C, Liu J, Hu Z, Li K, Wang G, Yang J, Zhu L, Li G. A Centimeter-Scale Dielectric Metasurface for the Generation of Cold Atoms. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4008-4013. [PMID: 37098832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The single-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) based on the diffractive optical element offers a new route to develop compact cold atom sources. However, the optical efficiency in the previous single-beam MOT systems is usually low and unbalanced, which will affect the quality of the trapped atoms. To solve this issue, we developed a centimeter-scale dielectric metasurface optical chip with dynamic phase distributions, which was used to split a single incident laser beam into five separate ones with well-defined polarization states and uniform energy distributions. The measured diffraction efficiency of the metasurface is up to 47%. A single-beam MOT integrated with the metasurface optical chip was then used to trap the 87Rb atoms with numbers ∼1.4 × 108 and temperatures ∼7.0 μK. The proposed concept in this work may provide a promising solution for developing ultracompact cold atom sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Changwen Liang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jixun Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zixian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kingfai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guochao Wang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wu P, Cao X, Chu W, Chen Z, Yuan H, Wang R, Yao S, Juodkazis S, Zhang W. Fresnel zone plate sculptured out of diamond by femtosecond laser for harsh environments. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1379-1382. [PMID: 36946932 DOI: 10.1364/ol.482327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of micro-optical applications, there is an increasing demand for micro-optical elements that can be made with minimal processing steps. Current research focuses on practical functionalities of optical performance, lightweight, miniaturization, and easy integration. As an important planar diffractive optical element, the Fresnel zone plate (FZP) provides a compact solution for focusing and imaging. However, the fabrication of FZPs with high quality out of hard and brittle materials remains challenging. Here, we report on the fabrication of diamond FZP by femtosecond laser direct writing. FZPs with the same outer diameter and different focal lengths of 250-1000 µm were made via ablation. The fabricated FZPs possess well-defined geometry and excellent focusing and imaging ability in the visible spectral range. Arrays of FZPs with different focal lengths were made for potential applications in imaging, sensing, and integrated optical systems.
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Liquid Crystal-Based Geometric Phase-Enhanced Platform for Polarization and Wavefront Analysis Techniques with the Short-TeraHertz FEL Oscillator TerRa@BriXSinO. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose to design a liquid crystal–based modular and extendable platform of cutting-edge optical technologies for studying materials based on the analysis of polarization and wavefront of light in the wavelength range of 10–50 μm, which is considered to work even in the longer wavelengths range. This platform will be driven by the future THz-FEL source TerRa@BriXSinO that produces high power radiation in THz-range from 6 THz up to 30 THz (Mid-/Far-IR). The lack of optical infrastructures in this range has been tackled by fabricating liquid crystal–based geometric phase components that have been specifically designed for this purpose. This is in order to optimally exploit all the source’s potential for maximum accuracy and efficiency in determining polarization- and wavefront-sensitive properties of materials. We present an overview of a few experiments for characterizing bulk inhomogeneities, dielectric anisotropy, surface roughness, cracks, impact damages, and stress and strain effects with special emphasis on non-destructive tests on composite structures. The tools for wavefront shaping developed within our platform will be exploited to add a further degree of freedom, i.e., orbital angular momentum, to nonlinear optics techniques, such as Terahertz Hyper-Raman spectroscopy, for investigating chiral agents’ properties.
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McGilligan JP, Gallacher K, Griffin PF, Paul DJ, Arnold AS, Riis E. Micro-fabricated components for cold atom sensors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:091101. [PMID: 36182455 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser cooled atoms have proven transformative for precision metrology, playing a pivotal role in state-of-the-art clocks and interferometers and having the potential to provide a step-change in our modern technological capabilities. To successfully explore their full potential, laser cooling platforms must be translated from the laboratory environment and into portable, compact quantum sensors for deployment in practical applications. This transition requires the amalgamation of a wide range of components and expertise if an unambiguously chip-scale cold atom sensor is to be realized. We present recent developments in cold-atom sensor miniaturization, focusing on key components that enable laser cooling on the chip-scale. The design, fabrication, and impact of the components on sensor scalability and performance will be discussed with an outlook to the next generation of chip-scale cold atom devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McGilligan
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - K Gallacher
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - P F Griffin
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D J Paul
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - A S Arnold
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - E Riis
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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Integrated Polarization-Splitting Grating Coupler for Chip-Scale Atomic Magnetometer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070529. [PMID: 35884332 PMCID: PMC9313279 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are widely acknowledged as one of the most sensitive kind of instruments for bio-magnetic field measurement. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing chip-scale AMs through nanophotonics and current CMOS-compatible nanofabrication technology, in pursuit of substantial reduction in volume and cost. In this study, an integrated polarization-splitting grating coupler is demonstrated to achieve both efficient coupling and polarization splitting at the D1 transition wavelength of rubidium (795 nm). With this device, linearly polarized probe light that experienced optical rotation due to magnetically induced circular birefringence (of alkali medium) can be coupled and split into individual output ports. This is especially advantageous for emerging chip-scale AMs in that differential detection of ultra-weak magnetic field can be achieved through compact planar optical components. In addition, the device is designed with silicon nitride material on silicon dioxide that is deposited on a silicon substrate, being compatible with the current CMOS nanofabrication industry. Our study paves the way for the development of on-chip AMs that are the foundation for future multi-channel high-spatial resolution bio-magnetic imaging instruments.
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Lee S, Lee N, Yeon G, Park J, Choi H, Koo S, Oh DK, Ok JG. Piezo-Actuated One-Axis Vibrational Patterning for Mold-Free Continuous Fabrication of High-Precision Period-Programmable Micro- and Nanopatterns. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3070-3078. [PMID: 33471503 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a mold-free high-resolution nanopatterning technology named piezo-actuated one-axis vibrational patterning (POP) that enables continuous and scalable fabrication of micro- and nanopatterns with precisely programmable periods and dimensions. POP utilizes the piezoelectric stack-actuated high-precision uniaxial vibration of a flat, pattern-free rigid tool edge to conduct sub-50 nm-periodic indentations on various compliant substrates laterally fed underneath. By controlling the tool vibration frequency, tool temperature, and substrate feed rate and by combining sequential tool strokes along multiple directions, diverse functional micro- and nanopatterns with variable periods and depths and multidimensional profiles can be continuously created without resorting to mold prefabrication. With its simple but universal principle, excellent scalability, and versatile processability, POP can be practically applied to many functional devices particularly requiring large-area micro- and nanopatterns with specifically designed periods and dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjo Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Nayeong Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Gyubeom Yeon
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Jonggab Park
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Hyunsik Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Sungkwan Koo
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Korea
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
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Kong Z, Xu N, Xiao H, Tan Q. Effective Fresnel diffraction field extension of diffractive optical elements with plane wave incidence. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3427-3431. [PMID: 32400457 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are widely used to realize special diffraction fields today, but the size of the effective Fresnel diffraction field of the DOEs with plane wave incidence is limited by the wavelength of the incident beam, sampling interval of the DOE, and distance between the DOE and the output plane. In this paper, a method is proposed to extend the size of the effective Fresnel diffraction field with an introduced intermediate plane and two-step diffraction calculation. Zero padding is used on the DOE plane, the sampling interval on the intermediate plane is correspondingly decreased, and the size of the Fresnel diffraction field on the output plane is finally extended. The accompanying aliasing is eliminated by placing a low-pass filter on the intermediate plane. Both numerical simulations and experimental results show the validity of the proposed method to extend the size of the effective Fresnel diffraction field of the DOEs with plane wave incidence.
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