1
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Kommoju A, Snehita K, Sowjanya K, Mukkamala SB, Padala K. Recent advances in dual photoredox/nickel catalyzed alkene carbofunctionalised reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39086201 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkene carbofunctionalization reactions have great potential for synthesizing complex molecules and constructing complex structures in natural products and medicinal chemistry. Recently, dual photoredox/nickel catalysis has emerged as a novel strategy for alkene carbofunctionalization. Nickel offers numerous advantages over other transition metals, such as cost-effectiveness, abundance, and low toxicity, and moreover, it has many oxidation states. Nickel catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity in dual photoredox/transition metal catalysis, facilitating the formation of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds in organic transformations. This review highlights the latest advancements in dual photoredox/nickel-catalyzed alkene carbofunctionalizations and includes the literature published from 2020 to 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Kommoju
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh-535003, India.
| | - Kattamuri Snehita
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh-535003, India.
| | - Kandi Sowjanya
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh-535003, India.
| | - Saratchandra Babu Mukkamala
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh-535003, India.
| | - Kishor Padala
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh-535003, India.
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2
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He XK, Lu LQ, Yuan BR, Luo JL, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ. Desymmetrization-Addition Reaction of Cyclopropenes to Imines via Synergistic Photoredox and Cobalt Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18892-18898. [PMID: 38968086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we designed a reaction for the desymmetrization-addition of cyclopropenes to imines by leveraging the synergy between photoredox and asymmetric cobalt catalysis. This protocol facilitated the synthesis of a series of chiral functionalized cyclopropanes with high yield, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity (44 examples, up to 93% yield and >99% ee). A possible reaction mechanism involving cyclopropene desymmetrization by Co-H species and imine addition by Co-alkyl species was proposed. This study provides a novel route to important chiral cyclopropanes and extends the frontier of asymmetric metallaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kui He
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430080, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Ru Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430080, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Jin L, Li Y, Mao Y, He XB, Lu Z, Zhang Q, Shi BF. Chiral dinitrogen ligand enabled asymmetric Pd/norbornene cooperative catalysis toward the assembly of C-N axially chiral scaffolds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4908. [PMID: 38851721 PMCID: PMC11162495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
C - N axially chiral compounds have recently attracted significant interest among synthetic chemistry community due to their widespread application in pharmaceuticals, advanced materials and organic synthesis. Although the emerging asymmetric Catellani reaction offers great opportunity for their modular and efficient preparation, the only operative chiral NBE strategy to date requires using half stoichiometric amount of chiral NBE and 2,6-disubstituted bromoarenes as electrophiles. We herein report an efficient assembly of C-N axially chiral scaffolds through a distinct chiral ligand strategy. The crucial chiral source, a biimidazoline (BiIM) chiral dinitrogen ligand, is used in relatively low loading and permits the use of less bulky bromoarenes. The method also features the use of feedstock plain NBE, high reactivity, good enantioselectivity, ease of operation and scale-up. Applications in the preparation of chiral optoelectronic material candidates featuring two C-N chiral axes and a chiral ligand for asymmetric C-H activation have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bao He
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Cusumano AQ, Chaffin BC, Doyle AG. Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Photochemical Halogen Atom-Mediated C(sp 3)-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15331-15344. [PMID: 38778454 PMCID: PMC11246173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Within the context of Ni photoredox catalysis, halogen atom photoelimination from Ni has emerged as a fruitful strategy for enabling hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-mediated C(sp3)-H functionalization. Despite the numerous synthetic transformations invoking this paradigm, a unified mechanistic hypothesis that is consistent with experimental findings on the catalytic systems and accounts for halogen radical formation and facile C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation remains elusive. We employ kinetic analysis, organometallic synthesis, and computational investigations to decipher the mechanism of a prototypical Ni-catalyzed photochemical C(sp3)-H arylation reaction. Our findings revise the previous mechanistic proposals, first by examining the relevance of SET and EnT processes from Ni intermediates relevant to the HAT-based arylation reaction. Our investigation highlights the ability for blue light to promote efficient Ni-C(sp2) bond homolysis from cationic NiIII and C(sp2)-C(sp3) reductive elimination from bipyridine NiII complexes. However interesting, the rates and selectivities of these processes do not account for the productive catalytic pathway. Instead, our studies support a mechanism that involves halogen atom evolution from in situ generated NiII dihalide intermediates, radical capture by a NiII(aryl)(halide) resting state, and key C-C bond formation from NiIII. Oxidative addition to NiI, as opposed to Ni0, and rapid NiIII/NiI comproportionation play key roles in this process. The findings presented herein offer fundamental insight into the reactivity of Ni in the broader context of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Braden C Chaffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Guo G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Z. Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Reaction to Synthesis Unsymmetrical Diarylmethanes. Molecules 2024; 29:2156. [PMID: 38731647 PMCID: PMC11085496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of aryl acetic acids and aryl nitriles has been achieved under an argon atmosphere in high yields. This method provides a fast way to obtain prevalent aryl acetic acids from an abundant natural source. A tentative radical mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Kong W, Molander GA, Nevado C. Nickel-catalysed enantioselective alkene dicarbofunctionalization enabled by photochemical aliphatic C-H bond activation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:655-665. [PMID: 38947227 PMCID: PMC11208155 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel strategies to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from readily available feedstocks is a long-term pursuit in the chemistry community. Radical-mediated alkene difunctionalizations represent an excellent platform towards this goal. However, asymmetric versions remain highly challenging, and more importantly, examples featuring simple hydrocarbons as reaction partners are elusive. Here we report an asymmetric three-component alkene dicarbofunctionalization capitalizing on the direct activation of C(sp 3)-H bonds through the combination of photocatalysed hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for installing two vicinal carbon-carbon bonds across alkenes in an atom-economic fashion, providing a wide array of high-value chiral α-aryl/alkenyl carbonyls and phosphonates, as well as 1,1-diarylalkanes from ubiquitous alkane, ether and alcohol feedstocks. This method exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The compatibility with bioactive motifs and expedient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Pilli R, Selvam K, Balamurugan BSS, Jose V, Rasappan R. C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling of Cycloalkanes and Alkyl Halides via Dual Photocatalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:2993-2998. [PMID: 38592728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds represents the most straightforward and atom-economical transformation in organic synthesis. An innovative approach integrating photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and transition metal catalysis has made significant progress in the coupling of α-heterosubstituted C-H bonds with alkyl halides. However, unactivated alkanes were ineffective as a result of the preponderance of byproduct formation. Herein, we demonstrate direct HAT and nickel catalysis in the coupling of cycloalkanes and benzyl bromides/primary alkyl iodides. Additionally, tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) was recovered and recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Pilli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Keerthika Selvam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Bala S S Balamurugan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Vidya Jose
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ramesh Rasappan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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8
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Zhang LL, Gao YZ, Cai SH, Yu H, Shen SJ, Ping Q, Yang ZP. Ni-catalyzed enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohols and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2733. [PMID: 38548758 PMCID: PMC10979021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent cross-coupling of an alkyl precursor presents a promising method for producing enantioenriched C(sp3) molecules. Because alkyl alcohol is a ubiquitous and abundant family of feedstock in nature, the direct reductive coupling of alkyl alcohol and aryl halide enables efficient access to valuable compounds. Although several strategies have been developed to overcome the high bond dissociation energy of the C - O bond, the asymmetric pattern remains unknown. In this report, we describe the realization of an enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohol (β-hydroxy ketone) and aryl bromide in the presence of an NHC activating agent. The approach can accommodate substituents of various sizes and functional groups, and its synthetic potency is demonstrated through a gram scale reaction and derivatizations into other compound families. Finally, we apply our convergent method to the efficient asymmetric synthesis of four β-aryl ketones that are natural products or bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Han Cai
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Peng Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Cuesta-Galisteo S, Schörgenhumer J, Hervieu C, Nevado C. Dual Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbamoylation of Benzylic C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313717. [PMID: 38214382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Radical-mediated Hydrogen Atom Abstraction of Csp3 -H bonds has become a powerful tool for the asymmetric functionalization of organic feedstocks. Here, we present an asymmetric synthesis of α-aryl amides via carbamoylation of alkylarenes with isocyanates as electrophiles. The synergistic combination of a photoredox and a chiral nickel-catalyst, enables the use of readily available and neutral reagents under mild reaction conditions and provides straightforward access to pharmacologically relevant motifs in enantiomerically pure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cuesta-Galisteo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schörgenhumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Hervieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Tian Y, Li XT, Liu JR, Cheng J, Gao A, Yang NY, Li Z, Guo KX, Zhang W, Wen HT, Li ZL, Gu QS, Hong X, Liu XY. A general copper-catalysed enantioconvergent C(sp 3)-S cross-coupling via biomimetic radical homolytic substitution. Nat Chem 2024; 16:466-475. [PMID: 38057367 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Although α-chiral C(sp3)-S bonds are of enormous importance in organic synthesis and related areas, the transition-metal-catalysed enantioselective C(sp3)-S bond construction still represents an underdeveloped domain probably due to the difficult heterolytic metal-sulfur bond cleavage and notorious catalyst-poisoning capability of sulfur nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate the use of chiral tridentate anionic ligands in combination with Cu(I) catalysts to enable a biomimetic enantioconvergent radical C(sp3)-S cross-coupling reaction of both racemic secondary and tertiary alkyl halides with highly transformable sulfur nucleophiles. This protocol not only exhibits a broad substrate scope with high enantioselectivity but also provides universal access to a range of useful α-chiral alkyl organosulfur compounds with different sulfur oxidation states, thus providing a complementary approach to known asymmetric C(sp3)-S bond formation methods. Mechanistic results support a biomimetic radical homolytic substitution pathway for the critical C(sp3)-S bond formation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi-Tao Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai-Xin Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Tao Wen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Xu GQ, Wang WD, Xu PF. Photocatalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1209-1223. [PMID: 38170467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its diverse activation processes including single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and efficient platform for organic synthesis. These processes provide a powerful avenue for the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds under mild conditions. Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in the enantioselective functionalization of the C(sp3)-H bond via photocatalysis combined with conventional asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we summarize the advances in asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization involving visible-light photocatalysis and discuss two main pathways in this emerging field: (a) SET-driven carbocation intermediates are followed by stereospecific nucleophile attacks; and (b) photodriven alkyl radical intermediates are further enantioselectively captured by (i) chiral π-SOMOphile reagents, (ii) stereoselective transition-metal complexes, and (iii) another distinct stereoscopic radical species. We aim to summarize key advances in reaction design, catalyst development, and mechanistic understanding, to provide new insights into this rapidly evolving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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12
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Huang C, Xiao P, Ye ZM, Wang CL, Kang C, Tang S, Wei Z, Cai H. Direct C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Unprotected Benzyl Anilines and Alkylarenes by Organocatalysis under Visible Light. Org Lett 2024; 26:304-309. [PMID: 38165162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is direct C(sp3)-H arylation of unprotected benzyl anilines and alkylarenes via consecutive photoinduced electron transfer by visible light irradiation. Reductive quenching cycles and radical-radical cross-coupling were involved, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments provide evidence for the formation of radical intermediates formed in situ. The protocol highlights transition metal free, external oxidant free, broad substrate scope, and high efficiency (>60 examples, up to 96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
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13
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Chen SJ, Krska SW, Stahl SS. Copper-Catalyzed Benzylic C-H Cross-Coupling Enabled by Redox Buffers: Expanding Synthetic Access to Three-Dimensional Chemical Space. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3604-3615. [PMID: 38051914 PMCID: PMC10902864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCross-coupling methods are the most widely used synthetic methods in medicinal chemistry. Existing reactions are dominated by methods such as amide coupling and arylation reactions that form bonds to sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and contribute to the formation of "flat" molecules. Evidence that three-dimensional structures often have improved physicochemical properties for pharmaceutical applications has contributed to growing demand for cross-coupling methods with sp3-hybridized reaction partners. Substituents attached to sp3 carbon atoms are intrinsically displayed in three dimensions. These considerations have led to efforts to establish reactions with sp3 cross-coupling partners, including alkyl halides, amines, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. As C(sp3)-H bonds are much more abundant that these more conventional coupling partners, we have been pursuing C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reactions that achieve site-selectivity, synthetic utility, and scope competitive with conventional coupling reactions.In this Account, we outline Cu-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with diverse nucleophilic partners. These reactions commonly use N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the oxidant. The scope of reactivity is greatly improved by using a "redox buffer" that ensures that the Cu catalyst is available in the proper redox state to promote the reaction. Early precedents of catalytic Cu/NFSI oxidative coupling reactions, including C-H cyanation and arylation, did not require a redox buffer, but reactions with other nucleophiles, such as alcohols and azoles, were much less effective under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies show that some nucleophiles, such as cyanide and arylboronic acids, promote in situ reduction of CuII to CuI, contributing to successful catalytic turnover. Poor reactivity was observed with nucleophiles, such as alcohols, that do not promote CuII reduction in the same manner. This insight led to the identification of sacrificial reductants, termed "redox buffers", that support controlled generation of CuI during the reactions and enable successful benzylic C(sp3)-H cross-coupling with diverse nucleophiles. Successful reactions include those that feature direct coupling of (hetero)benzylic C-H substrates with coupling partners (alcohols, azoles) and sequential C(sp3)-H functionalization/coupling reactions. The latter methods feature generation of a synthetic linchpin that can undergo subsequent reaction with a broad array of nucleophiles. For example, halogenation/substitution cascades afford benzylic amines, (thio)ethers, and heterodiarylmethane derivatives, and an isocyanation/amine-addition sequence generates diverse benzylic ureas.Collectively, these Cu-catalyzed (hetero)benzylic C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reactions rapidly access diverse molecules. Analysis of their physicochemical and topological properties highlights the "drug-likeness" and enhanced three-dimensionality of these products relative to existing bioactive molecules. This consideration, together with the high benzylic C-H site-selectivity and the broad scope of reactivity enabled by the redox buffering strategy, makes these C(sp3)-H cross-coupling methods ideally suited for implementation in high-throughput experimentation platforms to explore novel chemical space for drug discovery and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California, 94030, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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14
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Xing F, Lin T, Ye Y, Wang YE, Cao X, Gao X, Zhang D, Kong L, Zhu X, Xiong D, Mao J. Nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of α-chloro thioesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13355-13358. [PMID: 37873615 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The first dual nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of racemic α-chloro thioesters with aryl iodides has been developed. This strategy avoids the need for organometallic reagents or stoichiometric metal reductants. This reaction could tolerate a wide range of substrate scope with excellent reactivity and high enantioselectivities (up to 91% ee) to access a variety of chiral α-aryl thioesters. The synthetic utility of the corresponding α-aryl thioesters is demonstrated. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism of such an enantioselective radical cross-coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Ye
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Cao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Xueying Gao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Dongzhao Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyou Zhu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
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15
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Jin Y, Fan LF, Ng EWH, Yu L, Hirao H, Gong LZ. Atom Transfer Radical Coupling Enables Highly Enantioselective Carbo-Oxygenation of Alkenes with Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22031-22040. [PMID: 37774121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds has emerged as a transformative approach for streamlining synthetic routes, offering remarkable efficiency in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules. However, the direct enantioselective transformation of hydrocarbons to medicinally valuable chiral molecules remains a significant challenge that has yet to be addressed. In this study, we adopt an atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) strategy to achieve the asymmetric functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds in hydrocarbons. This approach involves intermolecular H atom transfer (HAT) between a hydrocarbon and an alkoxy radical, leading to the formation of a carbon-centered radical. The resulting radical adds to alkenes, generating a new radical species that is intercepted by a chiral copper-mediated C-O bond coupling. By employing this method, we can directly access valuable chiral lactones bearing a quaternary stereocenter with high efficiency and excellent enantioselectivity. Importantly, ATRC exhibits great potential as a versatile platform for achieving stereoselective transformations of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lian-Feng Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Elvis Wang Hei Ng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Zhao H, Hu Y, Zheng S, Yuan W. α-Tertiary Primary Amine Synthesis via Photocatalytic C(sp 3)-H Aminoalkylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:6699-6704. [PMID: 37675946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Facile access to sterically hindered α-tertiary primary amines via photocatalytic radical coupling of native C(sp3)-H substrates with N-unsubstituted ketimines is reported. LiBr was used as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent to cleave C(sp3)-H bonds to get alkyl radicals. The in situ-generated HBr can then serve as a Bronsted acid to activate N-unsubstituted ketimines readily for single-electron reduction to deliver α-amino radicals. As a consequence, radical-radical coupling affords primary amines with a congested α-tertiary substituent. This reaction is highlighted by simple and mild conditions, 100% atom-economy, and broad hydrocarbon substrate scope for benzyl ethers, cyclic ethers, benzyl alcohols, alkylarenes, and carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
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17
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Maity B, Dutta S, Cavallo L. The mechanism of visible light-induced C-C cross-coupling by C sp3-H bond activation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5373-5387. [PMID: 37464786 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Csp3-C cross-coupling by activating Csp3-H bonds is a dream reaction for the chemical community, and visible light-induced transition metal-catalysis under mild reaction conditions is considered a powerful tool to achieve it. Advancement of this research area is still in its infancy because of the chemical and technical complexity of this catalysis. Mechanistic studies illuminating the operative reaction pathways can rationalize the increasing amount of experimental catalysis data and provide the knowledge allowing faster and rational advances in the field. This goal requires complementary experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies, as each of them is unfit to clarify the operative mechanisms alone. In this tutorial review we summarize representative experimental and computational mechanistic studies, highlighting weaknesses, strengths, and synergies between the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayan Dutta
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Huang G, Wu Y, Gong H, Chen Y. Expeditious preparation of β- sec-alkyl vicinal amino alcohols used for chiral ligand synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6111-6114. [PMID: 37462436 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
An economical route providing quick access to chiral β-amino alcohols bearing one β-sec-alkyl group was developed. This protocol starts with commercially available and cheap chiral sources such as derivatives of L-serine and L-threonine. A series of vicinal amino alcohols with high optical purity were prepared in good yields through 4 or 6 operationally simple steps. Two different strategies (three routes) were designed for the synthesis of amino alcohols bearing β-sec-alkyl groups with various steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Huang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Su JH, Li T, Du C, Li K, Sun Q, Zha Z, Wang Z. Switchable Direct Oxygenative Arylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds via Electrophotocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:5067-5072. [PMID: 37387463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free electrophotochemical C(sp3)-H arylation was developed under mild conditions. This method enables a switchable synthesis of diaryl alcohols and diaryl alkanes from inactive benzylic carbons. More importantly, a cheap and safe mediator N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was developed, which was employed for the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of the benzylic C-H bond. In addition, this active radical was captured and identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tong Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chengbin Du
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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20
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Liu MS, Shu W. Rapid Synthesis of β-Chiral Sulfones by Ni-Organophotocatalyzed Enantioselective Sulfonylalkenylation of Alkenes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1321-1327. [PMID: 37234126 PMCID: PMC10207110 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
β-Chiral sulfones are substructures widespread in drug molecules and bioactive targets and serve as important chiral synthons in organic synthesis yet are challenging to access. Herein, a three-component strategy enabled by visible-light- and Ni-catalyzed sulfonylalkenylation of styrenes for the synthesis of enantioenriched β-chiral sulfones has been developed. This dual-catalysis strategy allows for one-step skeletal assembly along with the control of enantioselectivity in the presence of a chiral ligand, providing an efficient and straightforward access to enantioenriched β-alkenyl sulfones from easily available and simple starting materials. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction undergoes a chemoselective radical addition over two alkenes followed by a Ni-intercepted asymmetric Csp3-Csp2 coupling with alkenyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen
Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen
Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People’s Republic
of China
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21
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Wang YZ, Wang ZH, Eshel IL, Sun B, Liu D, Gu YC, Milo A, Mei TS. Nickel/biimidazole-catalyzed electrochemical enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2322. [PMID: 37087477 PMCID: PMC10122672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an asymmetric electrochemical organonickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides in an undivided cell, affording β-phenethylamines in good to excellent enantioselectivity with broad functional group tolerance. The combination of cyclic voltammetry analysis of the catalyst reduction potential as well as an electrode potential study provides a convenient route for reaction optimization. Overall, the high efficiency of this method is credited to the electroreduction-mediated turnover of the nickel catalyst instead of a metal reductant-mediated turnover. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway is involved in the ring opening of aziridines. The statistical analysis serves to compare the different design requirements for photochemically and electrochemically mediated reactions under this type of mechanistic manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Inbal L Eshel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RE42 6EY, UK
| | - Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Cuesta-Galisteo S, Nevado C. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Aziridines with Alkenyl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6270-6279. [PMID: 36881734 PMCID: PMC10037331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemically driven nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with alkenyl bromides has been developed, affording enantioenriched β-aryl homoallylic amines with excellent E-selectivity. This electroreductive strategy proceeds in the absence of heterogeneous metal reductants and sacrificial anodes by employing constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell with triethylamine as a terminal reductant. The reaction features mild conditions, remarkable stereocontrol, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility, which was illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation conforms with a stereoconvergent mechanism in which the aziridine is activated through a nucleophilic halide ring-opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Cuesta-Galisteo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Jiang H, He XK, Jiang X, Zhao W, Lu LQ, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ. Photoinduced Cobalt-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Dialdehydes to Access Axial Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6944-6952. [PMID: 36920031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective metallaphotoredox catalysis, which combines photoredox catalysis and asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, has become an effective approach to achieve stereoconvergence under mild conditions. Although many impressive synthetic approaches have been developed to access central chirality, the construction of axial chirality by metallaphotoredox catalysis still remains underexplored. Herein, we report two visible light-induced cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric reductive couplings of biaryl dialdehydes to synthesize axially chiral aldehydes (60 examples, up to 98% yield, >19:1 dr, and >99% ee). This protocol shows good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
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24
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Xu S, Ping Y, Li W, Guo H, Su Y, Li Z, Wang M, Kong W. Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Oxacycles via Photo-HAT/Nickel Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5231-5241. [PMID: 36812098 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of ubiquitous but inert C-H bonds is highly appealing in synthetic chemistry, but the direct transformation of hydrocarbons lacking directing groups into high-value chiral molecules remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop an enantioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization of undirected oxacycles via photo-HAT/nickel dual catalysis. This protocol provides a practical platform for the rapid construction of high-value and enantiomerically enriched oxacycles directly from simple and abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks. The synthetic utility of this strategy is further demonstrated in the late-stage functionalization of natural products and the synthesis of many pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Experimental and density functional theory calculation studies provide detailed insights into the mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity for the asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haoyun Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yinyan Su
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies and Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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25
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Nguyen K, Nguyen V, Tran H, Pham P. Organo-photocatalytic C-H bond oxidation: an operationally simple and scalable method to prepare ketones with ambient air. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7168-7178. [PMID: 36891491 PMCID: PMC9986805 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative C-H functionalization with O2 is a sustainable strategy to convert feedstock-like chemicals into valuable products. Nevertheless, eco-friendly O2-utilizing chemical processes, which are scalable yet operationally simple, are challenging to develop. Here, we report our efforts, via organo-photocatalysis, in devising such protocols for catalytic C-H bond oxidation of alcohols and alkylbenzenes to ketones using ambient air as the oxidant. The protocols employed tetrabutylammonium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate as the organic photocatalyst which is readily available from a scalable ion exchange of inexpensive salts and is easy to separate from neutral organic products. Cobalt(ii) acetylacetonate was found to be greatly instrumental to oxidation of alcohols and therefore was included as an additive in evaluating the alcohol scope. The protocols employed a nontoxic solvent, could accommodate a variety of functional groups, and were readily scaled to 500 mmol scale in a simple batch setting using round-bottom flasks and ambient air. A preliminary mechanistic study of C-H bond oxidation of alcohols supported the validity of one possible mechanistic pathway, nested in a more complex network of potential pathways, in which the anthraquinone form - the oxidized form - of the photocatalyst activates alcohols and the anthrahydroquinone form - the relevant reduced form of the photocatalyst - activates O2. A detailed mechanism, which reflected such a pathway and was consistent with previously accepted mechanisms, was proposed to account for formation of ketones from aerobic C-H bond oxidation of both alcohols and alkylbenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hieu Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Phong Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
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26
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Zhang X, Shen Y, Rovis T. Photoinduced Nickel-Catalyzed Selective N-Demethylation of Trialkylamines Using C(sp 2)-Bromides as HAT Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3294-3300. [PMID: 36724205 PMCID: PMC9997100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
N-Demethylation of trialkylamines is a useful transformation, but typically requires harsh reaction conditions and stepwise procedures, as well as judicious protection of labile functional groups. Herein we report a mild, catalytic approach for the demethylation of trialkylamines by utilizing photoinduced nickel catalysis wherein C(sp2)-bromides serve as hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reagents. This method achieves direct demethylation of trialkylamines with wide functional group compatibility, making it highly suitable for late-stage derivatization of complex molecules. Mechanistic investigations provide evidence that C(sp2) radicals generated via photoinduced Ni-C(sp2) bond homolysis are involved in hydrogen atom abstraction from trialkylamines. Utilizing steric control of the C(sp2)-bromides, our HAT approach achieves demethylation with excellent site selectivity in the presence of benzyl-substituted amines, which is complementary to the selectivity of classical approaches that afford debenzylation product instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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27
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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28
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Site- and enantioselective cross-coupling of saturated N-heterocycles with carboxylic acids by cooperative Ni/photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:125. [PMID: 36624097 PMCID: PMC9829739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Site- and enantioselective cross-coupling of saturated N-heterocycles and carboxylic acids-two of the most abundant and versatile functionalities-to form pharmaceutically relevant α-acylated amine derivatives remains a major challenge in organic synthesis. Here, we report a general strategy for the highly site- and enantioselective α-acylation of saturated N-heterocycles with in situ-activated carboxylic acids. This modular approach exploits the hydrogen-atom-transfer reactivity of photocatalytically generated chlorine radicals in combination with asymmetric nickel catalysis to selectively functionalize cyclic α-amino C-H bonds in the presence of benzylic, allylic, acyclic α-amino, and α-oxy methylene groups. The mild and scalable protocol requires no organometallic reagents, displays excellent chemo-, site- and enantioselectivity, and is amenable to late-stage diversification, including a modular synthesis of previously inaccessible Taxol derivatives. Mechanistic studies highlight the exceptional versatility of the chiral nickel catalyst in orchestrating (i) catalytic chlorine elimination, (ii) alkyl radical capture, (iii) cross-coupling, and (iv) asymmetric induction.
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29
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Long CJ, Pu HP, Zhao YN, He YH, Guan Z. Cooperative photocatalysis and l-/ d-proline catalysis enables enantioselective oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of acyclic benzylic secondary amines with ketones. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed an enantioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of acyclic benzylic secondary amines with ketones by combining photocatalysis and l-/d-proline catalysis.
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30
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Li X. Divergent access to enantio-enriched trans and cis α-alkenyl phosphonates. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Liu D, Liu ZR, Wang ZH, Ma C, Herbert S, Schirok H, Mei TS. Paired electrolysis-enabled nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7318. [PMID: 36443306 PMCID: PMC9705544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical asymmetric catalysis has emerged as a sustainable and promising approach to the production of chiral compounds and the utilization of both the anode and cathode as working electrodes would provide a unique approach for organic synthesis. However, precise matching of the rate and electric potential of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction make such idealized electrolysis difficult to achieve. Herein, asymmetric cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides is probed as a model reaction, wherein alkyl radicals are generated from the α-chloroesters through a sequential oxidative electron transfer process at the anode, while the nickel catalyst is reduced to a lower oxidation state at the cathode. Radical clock studies, cyclic voltammetry analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments support the synergistic involvement of anodic and cathodic redox events. This electrolytic method provides an alternative avenue for asymmetric catalysis that could find significant utility in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Ma
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Herbert
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schirok
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
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32
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Fan W, Zhao X, Deng Y, Chen P, Wang F, Liu G. Electrophotocatalytic Decoupled Radical Relay Enables Highly Efficient and Enantioselective Benzylic C–H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21674-21682. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunshun Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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33
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Lacker CR, DeLano TJ, Chen EP, Kong J, Belyk KM, Piou T, Reisman SE. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Benzylic Heterocycles by Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20190-20195. [PMID: 36288571 PMCID: PMC10326726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric cross-coupling of α-N-heterocyclic trifluoroborates with aryl bromides using Ni/photoredox dual catalysis has been developed. This C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling provides access to pharmaceutically relevant chiral N-benzylic heterocycles in good to excellent enantioselectivity when bioxazolines (BiOX) are used as the chiral ligand. High-throughput experimentation significantly streamlined reaction development by identifying BiOX ligands for further investigation and by allowing for rapid optimization of conditions for new trifluoroborate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Lacker
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Travis J. DeLano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Emily P. Chen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tiffany Piou
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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34
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Selective functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds to synthesize complex molecules. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Photoelectrochemical asymmetric catalysis enables site- and enantioselective cyanation of benzylic C–H bonds. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Kurosawa MB, Kato K, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Unified synthesis of multiply arylated alkanes by catalytic deoxygenative transformation of diarylketones. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10743-10751. [PMID: 36320688 PMCID: PMC9491083 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03720c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A deoxygenative transformation of diarylketones leading to multiply arylated alkanes was developed. Diarylketones were reacted with diphenylphosphine oxide resulting in a phospha-Brook rearrangement, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings or a Friedel-Crafts type alkylation to afford the corresponding multiply arylated alkanes. A variety of diarylketones can be converted to multiply arylated alkanes such as diarylmethanes, tetraarylethanes, and triarylmethanes by reduction, dimerization, and arylation in one pot. Furthermore, a one-pot conversion from arylcarboxylic acids to diarylmethanes and tetraarylethanes, and a synthesis of tetraarylmethane and triphenylethane using sequential coupling reactions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki B Kurosawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumakicho Shinjuku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumakicho Shinjuku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumakicho Shinjuku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumakicho Shinjuku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
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37
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Marchi M, Gentile G, Rosso C, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P, Filippini G, Prato M. The Nickel Age in Synthetic Dual Photocatalysis: A Bright Trip Toward Materials Science. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201094. [PMID: 35789214 PMCID: PMC9804426 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the field of dual photocatalysis has grown rapidly, to become one of the most powerful tools for the functionalization of organic molecules under mild conditions. In particular, the merging of Earth-abundant nickel-based catalytic systems with visible-light-activated photoredox catalysts has allowed the development of a number of unique green synthetic approaches. This goes in the direction of ensuring an effective and sustainable chemical production, while safeguarding human health and environment. Importantly, this relatively new branch of catalysis has inspired an interdisciplinary stream of research that spans from inorganic and organic chemistry to materials science, thus establishing itself as one dominant trend in modern organic synthesis. This Review aims at illustrating the milestones on the timeline evolution of the photocatalytic systems used, with a critical analysis toward novel applications based on the use of photoactive two-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures. Lastly, forward-looking opportunities within this intriguing research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marchi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per laScienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)Unit of Triestevia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per laScienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)Unit of Triestevia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo Miramón 19420014Donostia San SebastiánSpain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
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38
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Wang H, Han W, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Dual Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of 1,2-Bis-Boronic Esters Enabled by 1,2-Boron Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207988. [PMID: 35779000 PMCID: PMC9543306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Site‐selective transition‐metal‐catalyzed mono‐deboronative cross‐couplings of 1,2‐bis‐boronic esters are valuable methods for the synthesis of functionalized organoboron compounds. However, such cross‐couplings are limited to reaction of the sterically less hindered primary boronic ester. Herein, we report a nickel/photoredox‐catalyzed mono‐deboronative arylation of 1,2‐bis‐boronic esters that is selective for coupling of the more sterically hindered secondary/tertiary position. This is achieved by taking advantage of a 1,2‐boron shift of primary β‐boryl radicals to the thermodynamically favored secondary/tertiary radicals, which are subsequently intercepted by the nickel catalyst to enable arylation. The mild conditions are amenable to a broad range of aryl halides to give β‐aryl boronic ester products in good yields and with high regioselectivity. This method also allows stereodivergent coupling of cyclic cis‐1,2‐bis‐boronic esters to give trans‐substituted products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Wangyujing Han
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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39
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Cheng S, Li Q, Cheng X, Lin Y, Gong L. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Transformations of Unactivated Alkanes and Cycloalkanes through Direct C–H Functionalization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Xiuliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005 China
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40
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Wang B, Ascenzi Pettenuzzo C, Singh J, Mccabe GE, Clark L, Young R, Pu J, Deng Y. Photoinduced Site-Selective Functionalization of Aliphatic C–H Bonds by Pyridine N-oxide Based HAT Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ban Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Cristina Ascenzi Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gavin E. Mccabe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Logan Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ryan Young
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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41
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridylic C-H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204217. [PMID: 35481719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pyridylic C(sp3 )-H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical-mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4-alkyl N-amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO2 -reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C-H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site-selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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42
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Wang H, Han W, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Dual Nickel/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Cross‐Coupling of 1,2‐Bis‐Boronic Esters Enabled by 1,2‐Boron Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Wangyujing Han
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Adam Noble
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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43
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Yu F, Tao R, Su Y, Liu G, Huang Z. Undirected, Asymmetric Alkyl Group Functionalizations through Alkane Dehydrogenation. Org Lett 2022; 24:4563-4568. [PMID: 35724678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric alkyl group functionalizations can potentially convert abundant and inexpensive hydrocarbon feedstocks into value-added chiral fine chemicals. Here, we report a one-pot, dehydrogenation-based strategy for enantioselective formal benzylic C(sp3)-H bond borylation. Dehydrogenation of alkylarenes by a pincer-Ir complex produces aryl alkenes via a tandem dehydrogenation/alkene-isomerization catalysis. The subsequent Cu-catalyzed asymmetric alkene hydroboration affords benzylic boronate esters with excellent site- and enantioselectivity. The generality of this strategy has been further demonstrated by asymmetric alkyl group amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renqing Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiting Su
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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44
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Li GN, Li HC, Lu Z, Yu B. CuCl-photocatalyzed C-H amination of benzoxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5125-5128. [PMID: 35704388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct coupling of benzoxazoles and amines was realized by visible light irradiation and CuCl catalysis. Various aminated benzoxazoles were successfully synthesized under mild conditions with air as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Hao-Cong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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45
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Lu Q, Guan H, Wang YE, Xiong D, Lin T, Xue F, Mao J. Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling between Vinyl Bromides and Benzyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8048-8058. [PMID: 35666844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted nickel/photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction between vinyl bromides and benzyl chlorides is reported. A diverse array of enantioenriched allylic centers containing products could be achieved in good yields (up to 90%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). The mechanistic studies show that this reductive cross-coupling involves a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Haixing Guan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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46
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Li Z, Li C, Ding Y, Huo H. Photoinduced nickel-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Regio- and enantioselective remote hydroarylation using a ligand-relay strategy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2471. [PMID: 35513385 PMCID: PMC9072428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of a single complicated chiral ligand to well-promote each step of an asymmetric cascade reaction is sometimes a formidable challenge in transition metal catalysis. In this work, a highly regio- and enantioselective Ni-catalysed migratory hydroarylation relay process has been achieved with the combination of two simple ligands, one which accomplishes chain-walking and the other causing asymmetric arylation. This formal asymmetric C(sp3)−H arylation provides direct access to a wide range of structurally diverse chiral 1,1-diarylalkanes, a structural unit found in a number of bioactive molecules. The value of this strategy was further demonstrated by the Ni-catalysed migratory asymmetric 1,3-arylboration. Migratory alkene isomerizations and cross-coupling reactions are both possible under nickel catalysis, but usually require different conditions. Here the authors show a combined protocol to isomerize a double bond and then, via an in-situ exchange of ligands, perform an enantioselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling.
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49
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Shu X, Zhong D, Lin Y, Qin X, Huo H. Modular Access to Chiral α-(Hetero)aryl Amines via Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8797-8806. [PMID: 35503417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chiral α-aryl N-heterocycles are commonly found in natural products, pharmaceutical agents, and chiral catalysts but remain challenging to access via asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we report a general and modular approach for the direct enantioselective α-arylation of saturated azacycles and acyclic N-alkyl benzamides via nickel/photoredox dual catalysis. This process exploits the hydrogen atom transfer ability of photoeliminated chlorine radicals to convert azacycles to the corresponding α-amino alkyl radicals that then are coupled with ubiquitous and inexpensive (hetero)aryl chlorides. These coupling reactions require no oxidants or organometallic reagents, feature feedstock starting materials, a broad substrate scope, and high enantioselectivities, and are applicable to late-stage diversification of medicinally relevant complex molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest that the nickel catalyst uncommonly plays multiple roles, accomplishing chlorine radical generation, α-amino radical capture, cross-coupling, and asymmetric induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - De Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanmei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haohua Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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50
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site‐Selective Pyridylic C–H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Euna You
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jieun Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST Department of Chemistry Yusung Gu (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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