1
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Kim P, Roy S, Valentine AJS, Liu X, Kromer S, Kim TW, Li X, Castellano FN, Chen LX. Real-time capture of nuclear motions influencing photoinduced electron transfer. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc01876a. [PMID: 39184296 PMCID: PMC11339639 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although vibronic coupling phenomena have been recognized in the excite state dynamics of transition metal complexes, its impact on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) remains largely unexplored. This study investigates coherent wavepacket (CWP) dynamics during PET processes in a covalently linked electron donor-acceptor complex featuring a cyclometalated Pt(ii) dimer as the donor and naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the acceptors. Upon photoexciting the Pt(ii) dimer electron donor, ultrafast broadband transient absorption spectroscopy revealed direct modulation of NDI radical anion formation through certain CWP motions and correlated temporal evolutions of the amplitudes for these CWPs with the NDI radical anion formation. These results provide clear evidence that the CWP motions are the vibronic coherences coupled to the PET reaction coordinates. Normal mode analysis identified that the CWP motions originate from vibrational modes associated with the dihedral angles and bond lengths between the planes of the cyclometalating ligand and the NDI, the key modes altering their π-interaction, consequently influencing PET dynamics. The findings highlight the pivotal role of vibrations in shaping the favorable trajectories for the efficient PET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyosang Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Sarah Kromer
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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2
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Helweh W, Kim P, Mast ZJ, Phelan BT, Weingartz NP, Zong R, Chaudhuri S, Thummel RP, Schatz GC, Chen LX. Effects of Structural Constraints on Excited-State Properties in Dimeric Cu(I) Diimine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14905-14912. [PMID: 39059019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Copper(I) bis-diimine complexes have played important roles in light-activated processes that can lead to their potential applications in photocatalysis and chemical sensing. Their metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited-state properties are tunable by various structural factors. Dimeric Cu(I) complexes with connecting diimine derivative ligands offer another structural tuning platform for the excited-state properties. Here, we investigate excited-state properties in two covalently connected dimeric Cu(I)'s with varying structural constraints exerted by the number of carbons in the polyethylene bridge (C0 and C4) connecting the two copper(I) diimine moieties. An interesting feature of Cu(I) diimine complexes is their ability to flatten following a photoinduced structural change. Herein, we observe larger structural constraints and more structural rearrangement required upon excitation of the longer bridged complex C4 to achieve a conformation toward a more flattened tetrahedral coordination geometry compared to the shorter bridged C0. Vibrational wavepacket analysis of these complexes further supports the effect of these structural constraints where we observe a more rapid dephasing of the C0 complex, as opposed to the C4 complex, despite similar normal mode vibrations. The experimental results were supplemented by TDDFT calculations. The studies provide insight into using metal-metal interactions through constraints to tune excited-state dynamics and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Helweh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pyosang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zachary J Mast
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicholas P Weingartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department of Chemistry, 112 Fleming Building, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, 112 Fleming Building, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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3
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Nowakowski M, Huber-Gedert M, Elgabarty H, Kalinko A, Kubicki J, Kertmen A, Lindner N, Khakhulin D, Lima FA, Choi TK, Biednov M, Schmitz L, Piergies N, Zalden P, Kubicek K, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Salem MA, Canton SE, Bressler C, Kühne TD, Gawelda W, Bauer M. Ultrafast Two-Color X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Reveals Excited State Landscape in a Base Metal Dyad. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404348. [PMID: 39099343 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Effective photoinduced charge transfer makes molecular bimetallic assemblies attractive for applications as active light-induced proton reduction systems. Developing competitive base metal dyads is mandatory for a more sustainable future. However, the electron transfer mechanisms from the photosensitizer to the proton reduction catalyst in base metal dyads remain so far unexplored. A Fe─Co dyad that exhibits photocatalytic H2 production activity is studied using femtosecond X-ray emission spectroscopy, complemented by ultrafast optical spectroscopy and theoretical time-dependent DFT calculations, to understand the electronic and structural dynamics after photoexcitation and during the subsequent charge transfer process from the FeII photosensitizer to the cobaloxime catalyst. This novel approach enables the simultaneous measurement of the transient X-ray emission at the iron and cobalt K-edges in a two-color experiment. With this methodology, the excited state dynamics are correlated to the electron transfer processes, and evidence of the Fe→Co electron transfer as an initial step of proton reduction activity is unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nowakowski
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Marina Huber-Gedert
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Hossam Elgabarty
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Kubicki
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Ahmet Kertmen
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Natalia Lindner
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frederico A Lima
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tae-Kyu Choi
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
- PAL-XFEL, Jigok-ro 127-80, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mykola Biednov
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Lennart Schmitz
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Natalia Piergies
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 31-342, Poland
| | - Peter Zalden
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Katerina Kubicek
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Alaraby Salem
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sophie E Canton
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Christian Bressler
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, 22869, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 02826, Untermarkt 20, Görlitz, Germany
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chair of Computational System Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Helmholtzstr. 10, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28047, Spain
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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4
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Barlow K, Phelps R, Eng J, Katayama T, Sutcliffe E, Coletta M, Brechin EK, Penfold TJ, Johansson JO. Tracking nuclear motion in single-molecule magnets using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4043. [PMID: 38744877 PMCID: PMC11094174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new data storage solutions is crucial for emerging digital technologies. Recently, all-optical magnetic switching has been achieved in dielectrics, proving to be faster than traditional methods. Despite this, single-molecule magnets (SMMs), which are an important class of magnetic materials due to their nanometre size, remain underexplored for ultrafast photomagnetic switching. Herein, we report femtosecond time-resolved K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) on a Mn(III)-based trinuclear SMM. Exploiting the elemental specificity of XAS, we directly track nuclear dynamics around the metal ions and show that the ultrafast dynamics upon excitation of a crystal-field transition are dominated by a magnetically active Jahn-Teller mode. Our results, supported by simulations, reveal minute bond length changes from 0.01 to 0.05 Å demonstrating the sensitivity of the method. These geometrical changes are discussed in terms of magneto-structural relationships and consequently our results illustrate the importance of TR-XAS for the emerging area of ultrafast molecular magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Barlow
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryan Phelps
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Erica Sutcliffe
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Coletta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - J Olof Johansson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK.
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5
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Garratt D, Matthews M, Marangos J. Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:010901. [PMID: 38250136 PMCID: PMC10799687 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
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6
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Šrut A, Krewald V. Vibrational Coherences of the Photoinduced Mixed-Valent Creutz-Taube Ion Revealed by Excited State Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9911-9920. [PMID: 37883652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of photoinduced mixed-valency in the one-electron reduced form (μ-pz)[RuII(NH3)5]24+ of the Creutz-Taube ion used transient absorption spectroscopy with vis-NIR broadband detection to uncover a mixed-valent excited state with a typical intervalence charge transfer band and a nanosecond lifetime [Pieslinger et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202211747]. Herein, we use excited state dynamics simulations with implicit solvation to elucidate the electronic and vibrational evolution in the first 10 ps after the optical excitation. A manifold of excited states with weak interaction between the metal centers is populated already at time zero due to the breakdown of the Condon approximation and dominates the population of electronic states at short time scales (<0.5 ps). A long-lived vibrational wave packet mostly confined to oscillations of the metal center-bridge distances is observed. The oscillations are traced to the electronic structure properties of states with weak metal-metal coupling. The long-lived mixed-valent excited state of the Creutz-Taube ion analogue is formed vibrationally cold and has a more compact geometry. While experimentally, intersystem crossing and vibrational relaxation were deduced to be completed within 1 ps, our analysis indicates that both processes might persist at longer times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šrut
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Yang R, Fan Y, Hu J, Chen Z, Shin HS, Voiry D, Wang Q, Lu Q, Yu JC, Zeng Z. Photocatalysis with atomically thin sheets. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7687-7706. [PMID: 37877319 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin sheets (e.g., graphene and monolayer molybdenum disulfide) are ideal optical and reaction platforms. They provide opportunities for deciphering some important and often elusive photocatalytic phenomena related to electronic band structures and photo-charges. In parallel, in such thin sheets, fine tuning of photocatalytic properties can be achieved. These include atomic-level regulation of electronic band structures and atomic-level steering of charge separation and transfer. Herein, we review the physics and chemistry of electronic band structures and photo-charges, as well as their state-of-the-art characterization techniques, before delving into their atomic-level deciphering and mastery on the platform of atomically thin sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 612022, South Korea
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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8
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Lima FA, Otte F, Vakili M, Ardana-Lamas F, Biednov M, Dall’Antonia F, Frankenberger P, Gawelda W, Gelisio L, Han H, Huang X, Jiang Y, Kloos M, Kluyver T, Knoll M, Kubicek K, Bermudez Macias IJ, Schulz J, Turkot O, Uemura Y, Valerio J, Wang H, Yousef H, Zalden P, Khakhulin D, Bressler C, Milne C. Experimental capabilities for liquid jet samples at sub-MHz rates at the FXE Instrument at European XFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1168-1182. [PMID: 37860937 PMCID: PMC10624029 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) provides an optimized platform for investigations of ultrafast physical, chemical and biological processes. It operates in the energy range 4.7-20 keV accommodating flexible and versatile environments for a wide range of samples using diverse ultrafast X-ray spectroscopic, scattering and diffraction techniques. FXE is particularly suitable for experiments taking advantage of the sub-MHz repetition rates provided by the EuXFEL. In this paper a dedicated setup for studies on ultrafast biological and chemical dynamics in solution phase at sub-MHz rates at FXE is presented. Particular emphasis on the different liquid jet sample delivery options and their performance is given. Our portfolio of high-speed jets compatible with sub-MHz experiments includes cylindrical jets, gas dynamic virtual nozzles and flat jets. The capability to perform multi-color X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) experiments is illustrated by a set of measurements using the dispersive X-ray spectrometer in von Hamos geometry. Static XES data collected using a multi-crystal scanning Johann-type spectrometer are also presented. A few examples of experimental results on ultrafast time-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering at sub-MHz pulse repetition rates are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Lima
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - F. Otte
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Vakili
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Biednov
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - W. Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - L. Gelisio
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - H. Han
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - X. Huang
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Y. Jiang
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Kloos
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T. Kluyver
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Knoll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Kubicek
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - J. Schulz
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - O. Turkot
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Y. Uemura
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J. Valerio
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - H. Wang
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - H. Yousef
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P. Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - D. Khakhulin
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C. Bressler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Milne
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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9
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Iwai E, Inoue I, Maesaka H, Inagaki T, Yabashi M, Hara T, Tanaka H. Spectral-brightness optimization of an X-ray free-electron laser by machine-learning-based tuning. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1048-1053. [PMID: 37885153 PMCID: PMC10624030 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A machine-learning-based beam optimizer has been implemented to maximize the spectral brightness of the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses of SACLA. A new high-resolution single-shot inline spectrometer capable of resolving features of the order of a few electronvolts was employed to measure and evaluate XFEL pulse spectra. Compared with a simple pulse-energy-based optimization, the spectral width was narrowed by half and the spectral brightness was improved by a factor of 1.7. The optimizer significantly contributes to efficient machine tuning and improvement of XFEL performance at SACLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Iwai
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Maesaka
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inagaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toru Hara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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10
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Katayama T, Choi TK, Khakhulin D, Dohn AO, Milne CJ, Vankó G, Németh Z, Lima FA, Szlachetko J, Sato T, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Yabashi M, Penfold TJ, Gawelda W, Levi G. Atomic-scale observation of solvent reorganization influencing photoinduced structural dynamics in a copper complex photosensitizer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2572-2584. [PMID: 36908966 PMCID: PMC9993854 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical reactions in solution are governed by a complex interplay between transient intramolecular electronic and nuclear structural changes and accompanying solvent rearrangements. State-of-the-art time-resolved X-ray solution scattering has emerged in the last decade as a powerful technique to observe solute and solvent motions in real time. However, disentangling solute and solvent dynamics and how they mutually influence each other remains challenging. Here, we simultaneously measure femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering to track both the intramolecular and solvation structural dynamics following photoexcitation of a solvated copper photosensitizer. Quantitative analysis assisted by molecular dynamics simulations reveals a two-step ligand flattening strongly coupled to the solvent reorganization, which conventional optical methods could not discern. First, a ballistic flattening triggers coherent motions of surrounding acetonitrile molecules. In turn, the approach of acetonitrile molecules to the copper atom mediates the decay of intramolecular coherent vibrations and induces a further ligand flattening. These direct structural insights reveal that photoinduced solute and solvent motions can be intimately intertwined, explaining how the key initial steps of light harvesting are affected by the solvent on the atomic time and length scale. Ultimately, this work takes a step forward in understanding the microscopic mechanisms of the bidirectional influence between transient solvent reorganization and photoinduced solute structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo Hyogo 679-5198 Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Tae-Kyu Choi
- XFEL Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Jigok-ro 127-80 Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Asmus O Dohn
- Science Institute, University of Iceland 107 Reykjavík Iceland .,DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Jakub Szlachetko
- SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University PL-30392 Kraków Poland
| | - Tokushi Sato
- European XFEL Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld 22869 Germany
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco 28047 Madrid Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus Cantoblanco C/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute, University of Iceland 107 Reykjavík Iceland
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11
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Branching mechanism of photoswitching in an Fe(II) polypyridyl complex explained by full singlet-triplet-quintet dynamics. Commun Chem 2023; 6:7. [PMID: 36697805 PMCID: PMC9829715 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that irradiation with visible light converts Fe(II) polypyridines from their low-spin (singlet) to high-spin (quintet) state, yet mechanistic interpretation of the photorelaxation remains controversial. Herein, we simulate the full singlet-triplet-quintet dynamics of the [Fe(terpy)2]2+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) complex in full dimension, in order to clarify the complex photodynamics. Importantly, we report a branching mechanism involving two sequential processes: a dominant 3MLCT→3MC(3T2g)→3MC(3T1g)→5MC, and a minor 3MLCT→3MC(3T2g)→5MC component. (MLCT = metal-to-ligand charge transfer, MC = metal-centered). While the direct 3MLCT→5MC mechanism is considered as a relevant alternative, we show that it could only be operative, and thus lead to competing pathways, in the absence of 3MC states. The quintet state is populated on the sub-picosecond timescale involving non-exponential dynamics and coherent Fe-N breathing oscillations. The results are in agreement with the available time-resolved experimental data on Fe(II) polypyridines, and fully describe the photorelaxation dynamics.
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12
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Carter-Fenk K, Cunha LA, Arias-Martinez JE, Head-Gordon M. Electron-Affinity Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Formalism and Applications to Core-Excited States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9664-9672. [PMID: 36215404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lack of particle-hole attraction and orbital relaxation within time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) lead to extreme errors in the prediction of K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS). We derive a linear-response formalism that uses optimized orbitals of the n - 1-electron system as the reference, building orbital relaxation and a proper hole into the initial density. Our approach is an exact generalization of the static-exchange approximation that ameliorates the particle-hole interaction error associated with the adiabatic approximation and reduces errors in TDDFT XAS by orders of magnitude. With a statistical performance of just 0.5 eV root-mean-square error and the same computational scaling as TDDFT under the core-valence separation approximation, we anticipate that this approach will be of great utility in XAS calculations of large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Leonardo A Cunha
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Juan E Arias-Martinez
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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13
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova I, Gerasimova TP, Katsyuba SA, Kolesnikov IE, Kalinichev A, Shmelev A, Islamov DR, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Deep-Blue Emissive Copper(I) Complexes Based on P-Thiophenylethyl-Substituted Cyclic Bisphosphines Displaying Photoinduced Structural Transformations of the Excited States. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16596-16606. [PMID: 36228314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for a primary 2-(thiophen-2'-yl)ethylphosphine was developed. The reaction of thiophenylethylphosphine with paraformaldehyde and primary arylamines leads to the formation of cyclic bisphosphines, namely, 1,5-di(aryl)-3,7-bis(thiophenylethyl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (aryl = phenyl, p-tolyl). The obtained bisphosphines form cationic bis-P,P-chelate complexes with copper(I) tetrafluoroborate, which were structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental and XRD analyses. Surprisingly, the copper(I) complexes display a multiband emission in the solid state with maxima at 355-360, 425-430, and 480-490 nm and nanosecond lifetimes (1.2-1.4 ns) upon a 335 nm excitation. The excitation of the complexes at 360 nm at room temperature results in a deep-blue emission at 425-430 nm and a tail at 460-490 nm. A temperature decrease leads to an increased intensity of the emission band at 480 nm, while the luminescence lifetimes insignificantly increased up to 14 ns. Quantum chemical calculations explain the observed unusual luminescent behavior by the existence of "undistorted" and "flattened" singlet excited states of copper(I) complexes at room temperature and at 77 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Katsyuba
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 1990345 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Kalinichev
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 1990345 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Artemiy Shmelev
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 10/7 Sibirskiy trakt, 420029 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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14
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Yamanaka KI, Sato K, Sato S, Nozawa S, Lee S, Fukaya R, Fukuzawa H, You D, Saito S, Takanashi T, Katayama T, Togashi T, Nonaka T, Dohmae K, Adachi SI, Ueda K, Yabashi M, Morikawa T, Asahi R. Ultrafast Charge-Transfer Dynamics in a Visible-Light-Excited Iridium(III) Terpyridine 2-Phenylpyridine Complex Studied by Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Pinter B. Quasi-Restricted Orbital Description of the Copper(I) Photoredox Catalytic Cycle. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this computational study, the electronic structure changes along the oxidative and reductive quenching cycles of a homoleptic and a heteroleptic prototype Cu(I) photoredox catalyst, namely [Cu(dmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [Cu(phen)(POP)]+ (POP = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) are scrutinized and characterized using quasi-restricted orbitals (QRO), electron density differences and spin densities. After validating our density functional theory-based computational protocol, the equilibrium geometries and wavefunctions (using QROs and atom/fragment compositions) of the four states involved in photoredox cycle (S0, T1, Dox and Dred) are systematically and thoroughly described. The formal ground and excited state ligand- and metal-centered redox events are substantiated by the QRO description of the open-shell triplet 3MLCT (d9L-1), Dox (d9L0) and Dred (d10L-1) species and the corresponding structural changes, e.g., flattening distortion, shortening/elongation of Cu-N/Cu-P bonds, are rationalized in terms of the underlying electronic structure transformations. Amongst others, we reveal the molecular-scale delocalization of the ligand-centered radical in the a 3MLCT (d9L-1) and Dred (d9L-1) states of homoleptic [Cu(dmp)2]+ and its localization to the redox-active phenanthroline ligand in the case of heteroleptic [Cu(phen)(POP)]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States of America
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States of America
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16
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Kim P, Valentine AJS, Roy S, Mills AW, Castellano FN, Li X, Chen LX. Ultrafast branching in intersystem crossing dynamics revealed by coherent vibrational wavepacket motions in a bimetallic Pt(II) complex. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:259-273. [PMID: 35642929 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast excited state processes of transition metal complexes (TMCs) are governed by complicated interplays between electronic and nuclear dynamics, which demand a detailed understanding to achieve optimal functionalities of photoactive TMC-based materials for many applications. In this work, we investigated a cyclometalated platinum(II) dimer known to undergo a Pt-Pt bond contraction in the metal-metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MMLCT) excited state using femtosecond broadband transient absorption (fs-BBTA) spectroscopy in combination with geometry optimization and normal mode calculations. Using a sub-20 fs pump and broadband probe pulses in fs-BBTA spectroscopy, we were able to correlate the coherent vibrational wavepacket (CVWP) evolution with the stimulated emission (SE) dynamics of the 1MMLCT state. The results demonstrated that the 145 cm-1 CVWP motions with the damping times of ∼0.9 ps and ∼2 ps originate from coherent Pt-Pt stretching vibrations in the singlet and triplet MMLCT states, respectively. On the basis of excited state potential energy surface calculations in our previous work, we rationalized that the CVWP transfer from the Franck-Condon (FC) state to the 3MMLCT state was mediated by a triplet ligand-centered (3LC) intermediate state through two step intersystem crossing (ISC) on a time scale shorter than a period of the Pt-Pt stretching wavepacket motions. Moreover, it was found that the CVWP motion had 110 cm-1 frequency decays with the damping time of ∼0.2 ps, matching the time constant of 0.253 ps, corresponding to a redshift in the SE feature at early times. This observation indicates that the Pt-Pt bond contraction changes the stretching frequency from 110 to 145 cm-1 and stabilizes the 1MMLCT state relative to the 3LC state with a ∼0.2 ps time scale. Thus, the ultrafast ISC from the 1MMLCT to the 3LC states occurs before the Pt-Pt bond shortening. The findings herein provide insight into understanding the impact of Pt-Pt bond contraction on the ultrafast branching of the 1MMLCT population into the direct (1MMLCT → 3MMLCT) and indirect ISC pathways (1MMLCT → 3LC → 3MMLCT) in the Pt(II) dimer. These results revealed intricate excited state electronic and nuclear motions that could steer the reaction pathways with a level of detail that has not been achieved before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyosang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. .,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60349, USA
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Alexis W Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. .,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60349, USA
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17
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Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Accurate, affordable, and generalizable machine learning simulations of transition metal x-ray absorption spectra using the XANESNET deep neural network. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164102. [PMID: 35490005 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The affordable, accurate, and generalizable prediction of spectroscopic observables plays a key role in the analysis of increasingly complex experiments. In this article, we develop and deploy a deep neural network-XANESNET-for predicting the lineshape of first-row transition metal K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. XANESNET predicts the spectral intensities using only information about the local coordination geometry of the transition metal complexes encoded in a feature vector of weighted atom-centered symmetry functions. We address in detail the calibration of the feature vector for the particularities of the problem at hand, and we explore the individual feature importance to reveal the physical insight that XANESNET obtains at the Fe K-edge. XANESNET relies on only a few judiciously selected features-radial information on the first and second coordination shells suffices along with angular information sufficient to separate satisfactorily key coordination geometries. The feature importance is found to reflect the XANES spectral window under consideration and is consistent with the expected underlying physics. We subsequently apply XANESNET at nine first-row transition metal (Ti-Zn) K-edges. It can be optimized in as little as a minute, predicts instantaneously, and provides K-edge XANES spectra with an average accuracy of ∼±2%-4% in which the positions of prominent peaks are matched with a >90% hit rate to sub-eV (∼0.8 eV) error.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Rankine
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - T J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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18
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Vakili M, Bielecki J, Knoška J, Otte F, Han H, Kloos M, Schubert R, Delmas E, Mills G, de Wijn R, Letrun R, Dold S, Bean R, Round A, Kim Y, Lima FA, Dörner K, Valerio J, Heymann M, Mancuso AP, Schulz J. 3D printed devices and infrastructure for liquid sample delivery at the European XFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:331-346. [PMID: 35254295 PMCID: PMC8900844 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521013370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Sample Environment and Characterization (SEC) group of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) develops sample delivery systems for the various scientific instruments, including systems for the injection of liquid samples that enable serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) and single-particle imaging (SPI) experiments, among others. For rapid prototyping of various device types and materials, sub-micrometre precision 3D printers are used to address the specific experimental conditions of SFX and SPI by providing a large number of devices with reliable performance. This work presents the current pool of 3D printed liquid sample delivery devices, based on the two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique. These devices encompass gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVNs), mixing-GDVNs, high-viscosity extruders (HVEs) and electrospray conical capillary tips (CCTs) with highly reproducible geometric features that are suitable for time-resolved SFX and SPI experiments at XFEL facilities. Liquid sample injection setups and infrastructure on the Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument are described, this being the instrument which is designated for biological structure determination at the EuXFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juraj Knoška
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Otte
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Huijong Han
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Marco Kloos
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Delmas
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Grant Mills
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Romain Letrun
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Dold
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Richard Bean
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adam Round
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Joana Valerio
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
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19
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Mara MW, Phelan BT, Xie ZL, Kim TW, Hsu DJ, Liu X, Valentine AJS, Kim P, Li X, Adachi SI, Katayama T, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Unveiling ultrafast dynamics in bridged bimetallic complexes using optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1715-1724. [PMID: 35282628 PMCID: PMC8827017 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic systems employing multiple transition metal centers, the properties of charge-transfer states are tuned by the coupling between metal centers. Here, we use ultrafast optical and X-ray spectroscopies to elucidate the effects of metal–metal interactions in a bimetallic tetrapyridophenazine-bridged Os(ii)/Cu(i) complex. Despite having an appropriate driving force for Os-to-Cu hole transfer in the Os(ii) moiety excited state, no such charge transfer was observed. However, excited-state coupling between the metal centers is present, evidenced by variations in the Os MLCT lifetime depending on the identity of the opposite metal center. This coupling results in concerted coherent vibrations appearing in the relaxation kinetics of the MLCT states for both Cu and Os centers. These vibrations are dominated by metal–ligand contraction at the Cu/Os centers, which are in-phase and linked through the conjugated bridging ligand. This study shows how vibronic coupling between transition metal centers affects the ultrafast dynamics in bridged, multi-metallic systems from the earliest times after photoexcitation to excited-state decay, presenting avenues for tuning charge-transfer states through judicious choice of metal/ligand groups. In photosynthetic systems employing multiple transition metal centers, the properties of charge-transfer states are tuned by the coupling between metal centers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Mara
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
| | - Darren J. Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Pyosang Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60437, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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20
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Sension RJ, Chung T, Dewan P, McClain TP, Lamb RM, Penner-Hahn JE. Time-resolved spectroscopy: Advances in understanding the electronic structure and dynamics of cobalamins. Methods Enzymol 2022; 669:303-331. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Kim Y, Ma R, Lee J, Harich J, Nam D, Kim S, Kim M, Ochmann M, Eom I, Huse N, Lee JH, Kim TK. Ligand-Field Effects in a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex Probed by Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12165-12172. [PMID: 34914396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We employ femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy of [Ru(m-bpy)3]2+ (m-bpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) to elucidate the time evolution of the spin and charge density upon metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation. The core-level transitions at the Ru L3-edge reveal a very short MLCT lifetime of 0.9 ps and relaxation to the lowest triplet metal-centered state (3MC) which exhibits a lifetime of about 300 ps. Time-dependent density functional theory relates ligand methylation to a lower ligand field strength that stabilizes the 3MC state. A quarter of the 3MLCT population appears to be trapped which may be attributed to intramolecular vibrational relaxation or further electron transfer to the solvent. Our results demonstrate that small changes in the ligand field allow control of the photophysical properties. Moreover, this study underscores the high information content of femtosecond L-edge spectroscopy as a probe of valence charge density and spin-state in 4d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Junho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica Harich
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ochmann
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nils Huse
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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22
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Grupe M, Boden P, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Gui X, Bruschi C, Israil R, Schmitt M, Nieger M, Gerhards M, Klopper W, Riehn C, Bizzarri C, Diller R. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Mono-and Dinuclear Pyridyl-Triazole/DPEPhos-Based Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15251-15270. [PMID: 34550622 PMCID: PMC8597052 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of the mononuclear photosensitizers [(DPEPhos)Cu(I)(MPyrT)]0/+ (CuL, CuLH) and their dinuclear analogues (Cu2 L', Cu2 L'H2 ), backed by (TD)DFT and high-level GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, exemplifies the complex influence of charge, nuclearity and structural flexibility on UV-induced photophysical pathways. Ultrafast transient absorption and step-scan FTIR spectroscopy reveal flattening distortion in the triplet state of CuLH as controlled by charge, which also appears to have a large impact on the symmetry of the long-lived triplet states in Cu2 L' and Cu2 L'H2 . Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (solid state), supported by transient photodissociation spectroscopy (gas phase), confirm a lifetime of some tens of μs for the respective triplet states, as well as the energetics of thermally activated delayed luminescence, both being essential parameters for application of these materials based on earth-abundant copper in photocatalysis and luminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merten Grupe
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roumany Israil
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Marcel Schmitt
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
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23
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Kim P, Valentine AJS, Roy S, Mills AW, Chakraborty A, Castellano FN, Li X, Chen LX. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Photoluminescent Pt(II) Dimers Probed by a Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6794-6803. [PMID: 34270259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intricate potential energy surfaces (PESs) of some transition metal complexes (TMCs) pose challenges in mapping out initial excited-state pathways that could influence photochemical outcomes. Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) dynamics of four structurally related platinum(II) dimer complexes were examined by detecting their coherent vibrational wavepacket (CVWP) motions of Pt-Pt stretching mode in the metal-metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer excited states. Structurally dependent CVWP behaviors (frequency, dephasing time, and oscillation amplitudes) were captured by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, analyzed by short-time Fourier transformation, and rationalized by quantum mechanical calculations, revealing dual ISC pathways. The results suggest that the ligands could fine-tune the PESs to influence the proximity of the conical intersections of the excited states with the Franck-Condon state and thus to control the branching ratio of the dual ISC pathways. This comparative study presents future opportunities in control excited-state trajectories of TMCs via ligand structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyosang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Alexis W Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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24
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Gaffney KJ. Capturing photochemical and photophysical transformations in iron complexes with ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8010-8025. [PMID: 34194691 PMCID: PMC8208315 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-driven chemical transformations provide a compelling approach to understanding chemical reactivity with the potential to use this understanding to advance solar energy and catalysis applications. Capturing the non-equilibrium trajectories of electronic excited states with precision, particularly for transition metal complexes, would provide a foundation for advancing both of these objectives. Of particular importance for 3d metal compounds is characterizing the population dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) and metal-centered (MC) electronic excited states and understanding how the inner coordination sphere structural dynamics mediate the interaction between these states. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray laser science has enabled the electronic excited state dynamics in 3d metal complexes to be followed with unprecedented detail. This review will focus on simultaneous X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS) studies of iron coordination and organometallic complexes. These simultaneous XES-XSS studies have provided detailed insight into the mechanism of light-induced spin crossover in iron coordination compounds, the interaction of CT and MC excited states in iron carbene photosensitizers, and the mechanism of Fe-S bond dissociation in cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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25
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Bergmann U, Kern J, Schoenlein RW, Wernet P, Yachandra VK, Yano J. Using X-ray free-electron lasers for spectroscopy of molecular catalysts and metalloenzymes. NATURE REVIEWS. PHYSICS 2021; 3:264-282. [PMID: 34212130 PMCID: PMC8245202 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-021-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable selective pathways of charge and spin transfer, bond breaking/making and the formation of new molecules. Mapping the electronic structural changes at the metal sites during the reactions gives a unique mechanistic insight that has been difficult to obtain to date. The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables powerful new probes of electronic structure dynamics to advance our understanding of metalloenzymes. The ultrashort, intense and tunable XFEL pulses enable X-ray spectroscopic studies of metalloenzymes, molecular catalysts and chemical reactions, under functional conditions and in real time. In this Technical Review, we describe the current state of the art of X-ray spectroscopy studies at XFELs and highlight some new techniques currently under development. With more XFEL facilities starting operation and more in the planning or construction phase, new capabilities are expected, including high repetition rate, better XFEL pulse control and advanced instrumentation. For the first time, it will be possible to make real-time molecular movies of metalloenzymes and catalysts in solution, while chemical reactions are taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert W. Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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26
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Sadashivaiah S, Wolny JA, Scherthan L, Jenni K, Omlor A, Müller CS, Sergueev I, Herlitschke M, Leupold O, Wille HC, Röhlsberger R, Schünemann V. High-Repetition Rate Optical Pump-Nuclear Resonance Probe Experiments Identify Transient Molecular Vibrations after Photoexcitation of a Spin Crossover Material. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3240-3245. [PMID: 33764073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phonon modes play a vital role in the cooperative phenomenon of light-induced spin transitions in spin crossover (SCO) molecular complexes. Although the cooperative vibrations, which occur over several hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds after photoexcitation, are understood to play a crucial role in this phase transition, they have not been precisely identified. Therefore, we have performed a novel optical laser pump-nuclear resonance probe experiment to identify the Fe-projected vibrational density of states (pDOS) during the first few nanoseconds after laser excitation of the mononuclear Fe(II) SCO complex [Fe(PM-BiA)2(NCS)2]. Evaluation of the so obtained nanosecond-resolved pDOS yields an excitation of ∼8% of the total volume of the complex from the low-spin to high-spin state. Density functional theory calculations allow simulation of the observed changes in the pDOS and thus identification of the transient inter- and intramolecular vibrational modes at nanosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshath Sadashivaiah
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juliusz A Wolny
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lena Scherthan
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kevin Jenni
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andreas Omlor
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christina S Müller
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergueev
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Herlitschke
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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27
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Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Progress in the Theory of X-ray Spectroscopy: From Quantum Chemistry to Machine Learning and Ultrafast Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4276-4293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Rankine
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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28
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Tsuru S, Vidal ML, Pápai M, Krylov AI, Møller KB, Coriani S. An assessment of different electronic structure approaches for modeling time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:024101. [PMID: 33786337 PMCID: PMC7986275 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We assess the performance of different protocols for simulating excited-state x-ray absorption spectra. We consider three different protocols based on equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles, two of them combined with the maximum overlap method. The three protocols differ in the choice of a reference configuration used to compute target states. Maximum-overlap-method time-dependent density functional theory is also considered. The performance of the different approaches is illustrated using uracil, thymine, and acetylacetone as benchmark systems. The results provide guidance for selecting an electronic structure method for modeling time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tsuru
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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29
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Titov AA, Filippov OA, Smol’yakov AF, Averin AA, Shubina ES. New mix-ligand copper(i) and copper(ii) pyrazolate complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Rein C, Uhlig J, Carrasco-Busturia D, Khalili K, Gertsen AS, Moltke A, Zhang X, Katayama T, Lastra JMG, Nielsen MM, Adachi SI, Haldrup K, Andreasen JW. Element-specific investigations of ultrafast dynamics in photoexcited Cu 2ZnSnS 4 nanoparticles in solution. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:024501. [PMID: 33869663 PMCID: PMC8032451 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast, light-induced dynamics in copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) photovoltaic nanoparticles are investigated through a combination of optical and x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Laser-pump, x-ray-probe spectroscopy on a colloidal CZTS nanoparticle ink yields element-specificity, which reveals a rapid photo-induced shift of electron density away from Cu-sites, affecting the molecular orbital occupation and structure of CZTS. We observe the formation of a stable charge-separated and thermally excited structure, which persists for nanoseconds and involves an increased charge density at the Zn sites. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the results provide new insight into the structural and electronic dynamics of CZTS absorbers for solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rein
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Uhlig
- NanoLund and Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Carrasco-Busturia
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khadijeh Khalili
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders S. Gertsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Moltke
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan, and RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Juan Maria García Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Meedom Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan and Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Skomorowski W, Krylov AI. Feshbach-Fano approach for calculation of Auger decay rates using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster wave functions. I. Theory and implementation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084124. [PMID: 33639760 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption creates electron vacancies in the core shell. These highly excited states often relax by Auger decay-an autoionization process in which one valence electron fills the core hole and another valence electron is ejected into the ionization continuum. Despite the important role of Auger processes in many experimental settings, their first-principles modeling is challenging, even for small systems. The difficulty stems from the need to describe many-electron continuum (unbound) states, which cannot be tackled with standard quantum-chemistry methods. We present a novel approach to calculate Auger decay rates by combining Feshbach-Fano resonance theory with the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster single double (EOM-CCSD) framework. We use the core-valence separation scheme to define projectors into the bound (square-integrable) and unbound (continuum) subspaces of the full function space. The continuum many-body decay states are represented by products of an appropriate EOM-CCSD state and a free-electron state, described by a continuum orbital. The Auger rates are expressed in terms of reduced quantities, two-body Dyson amplitudes (objects analogous to the two-particle transition density matrix), contracted with two-electron bound-continuum integrals. Here, we consider two approximate treatments of the free electron: a plane wave and a Coulomb wave with an effective charge, which allow us to evaluate all requisite integrals analytically; however, the theory can be extended to incorporate a more sophisticated description of the continuum orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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32
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Velasco L, Llanos L, Levín P, Vega A, Yu J, Zhang X, Lemus L, Aravena D, Moonshiram D. Structure and excited-state dynamics of dimeric copper(i) photosensitizers investigated by time-resolved X-ray and optical transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3656-3667. [PMID: 33527942 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray (tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy in the picosecond time scale coupled with Density Functional theory (DFT) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) calculations are applied to study three homoleptic Cu(i) dimeric chromophores with ethyl and longer propyl spacers, denoted as [Cu2(mphenet)2]Cl2 (C1), [Cu2(mphenet)2](ClO4)2 (C2) and [Cu2(mphenpr)2](ClO4)2 (C3) (where mphenet = 1,2-bis(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)ethane and mphenpr = 1,3-bis(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)propane). Tr-XAS analysis after light illumination at ∼ 100 ps illustrate the formation of a flattened triplet excited state in all 3 complexes. Optical transient absorption (OTA) analysis for C1 monitored in water and C2 and C3 measured in acetonitrile reveals distinct excited-state lifetimes of 169 ps, 670 ps and 1600 ps respectively. These differences are associated to changes in the solvent (comparing C1 and C2) and the flexibility of the ligand to adapt after Cu flattening upon excitation (C2 and C3). Our results are important for the improved structural dynamics of these types of Cu-based dimeric compounds, and can guide the integration of these chromophores into more complex solar energy conversion schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Velasco
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Choi J, Ahn M, Lee JH, Ahn DS, Ki H, Oh I, Ahn CW, Choi EH, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim J, Cho DW, Wee KR, Ihee H. Ultrafast excited state relaxation dynamics in a heteroleptic Ir( iii) complex, fac-Ir(ppy) 2(ppz), revealed by femtosecond X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The experimental and calculation results demonstrate that the 3MLppzCT state generated by the spin-forbidden transition rapidly relaxes to 3MLppyCT through internal conversion process with a time constant of ∼450 fs.
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34
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Huang TH, Wu TC, Zhao FZ, Zheng D, Luo C, Liang GM, Zhao B. Structures, electronic and luminescent properties of Cu(I)-quinoline complex at different temperatures and its application to red light-emitting diode. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Femtosecond Optical Laser System with Spatiotemporal Stabilization for Pump-Probe Experiments at SACLA. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a synchronized femtosecond optical laser system with spatiotemporal stabilization for pump-probe experiments at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser (SACLA). Stabilization of output power and pointing has been achieved with a small fluctuation level of a few percent by controlling conditions of temperature and air-flow in the optical paths. A feedback system using a balanced optical-microwave phase detector (BOMPD) has been successfully realized to reduce jitter down to 50 fs. We demonstrated the temporal stability with a time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurement and observed the coherent phonon oscillation of the photo-excited Bi without the post-processing using the timing monitor.
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36
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37
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Kim JG, Nozawa S, Kim H, Choi EH, Sato T, Kim TW, Kim KH, Ki H, Kim J, Choi M, Lee Y, Heo J, Oang KY, Ichiyanagi K, Fukaya R, Lee JH, Park J, Eom I, Chun SH, Kim S, Kim M, Katayama T, Togashi T, Owada S, Yabashi M, Lee SJ, Lee S, Ahn CW, Ahn DS, Moon J, Choi S, Kim J, Joo T, Kim J, Adachi SI, Ihee H. Mapping the emergence of molecular vibrations mediating bond formation. Nature 2020; 582:520-524. [PMID: 32581378 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental studies of chemical reactions often consider the molecular dynamics along a reaction coordinate using a calculated or suggested potential energy surface1-5. But fully mapping such dynamics experimentally, by following all nuclear motions in a time-resolved manner-that is, the motions of wavepackets-is challenging and has not yet been realized even for the simple stereotypical bimolecular reaction6-8: A-B + C → A + B-C. Here we track the trajectories of these vibrational wavepackets during photoinduced bond formation of the gold trimer complex [Au(CN)2-]3 in an aqueous monomer solution, using femtosecond X-ray liquidography9-12 with X-ray free-electron lasers13,14. In the complex, which forms when three monomers A, B and C cluster together through non-covalent interactions15,16, the distance between A and B is shorter than that between B and C. Tracking the wavepacket in three-dimensional nuclear coordinates reveals that within the first 60 femtoseconds after photoexcitation, a covalent bond forms between A and B to give A-B + C. The second covalent bond, between B and C, subsequently forms within 360 femtoseconds to give a linear and covalently bonded trimer complex A-B-C. The trimer exhibits harmonic vibrations that we map and unambiguously assign to specific normal modes using only the experimental data. In principle, more intense X-rays could visualize the motion not only of highly scattering atoms such as gold but also of lighter atoms such as carbon and nitrogen, which will open the door to the direct tracking of the atomic motions involved in many chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hanui Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tokushi Sato
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Ki
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Key Young Oang
- Radiation Center for Ultrafast Science, Quantum Optics Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Chun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Sigeki Owada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Woo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Rankine CD, Madkhali MMM, Penfold TJ. A Deep Neural Network for the Rapid Prediction of X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4263-4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Rankine
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - M. M. M. Madkhali
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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39
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Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. CHEM REC 2020; 20:831-856. [PMID: 32267093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article recent progress in the development of molecules exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is discussed with a particular focus upon their application as emitters in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key aspects controlling the desirable functional properties, e. g. fast intersystem crossing, high radiative rate and unity quantum yield, are introduced with a particular focus upon the competition between the key requirements needed to achieve high performance OLEDs. The design rules required for organic and metal organic materials are discussed, and the correlation between them outlined. Recent progress towards understanding the influence of the interaction between a molecule and its environment are explained as is the role of the mechanism for excited state formation in OLEDs. Finally, all of these aspects are combined to discuss the ability to implement high level design rules for achieving higher quality materials for commercial applications. This article highlights the significant progress that has been made in recent years, but also outlines the significant challenges which persist to achieve a full understanding of the TADF mechanism and improve the stability and performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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40
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Ultrafast X-ray Photochemistry at European XFEL: Capabilities of the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) Instrument. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray methods are widely used for monitoring transient intermediates over the course of photochemical reactions. Ultrafast X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies as well as elastic X-ray scattering deliver detailed electronic and structural information on chemical dynamics in the solution phase. In this work, we describe the opportunities at the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) instrument of European XFEL. Guided by the idea of combining spectroscopic and scattering techniques in one experiment, the FXE instrument has completed the initial commissioning phase for most of its components and performed first successful experiments within the baseline capabilities. This is demonstrated by its currently 115 fs (FWHM) temporal resolution to acquire ultrafast X-ray emission spectra by simultaneously recording iron Kα and Kβ lines, next to wide angle X-ray scattering patterns on a photoexcited aqueous solution of [Fe(bpy)3]2+, a transition metal model compound.
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41
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Kunnus K, Vacher M, Harlang TCB, Kjær KS, Haldrup K, Biasin E, van Driel TB, Pápai M, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Källman E, Delcey M, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Sandberg L, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Lemke HT, Canton SE, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Vankó G, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Lundberg M, Uhlig J, Gaffney KJ. Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32005815 PMCID: PMC6994595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elisa Biasin
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mickaël Delcey
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Sandberg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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42
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Miller NA, Michocki LB, Konar A, Alonso-Mori R, Deb A, Glownia JM, Sofferman DL, Song S, Kozlowski PM, Kubarych KJ, Penner-Hahn JE, Sension RJ. Ultrafast XANES Monitors Femtosecond Sequential Structural Evolution in Photoexcited Coenzyme B 12. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:199-209. [PMID: 31850761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polarized X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) at the Co K-edge and broadband UV-vis transient absorption are used to monitor the sequential evolution of the excited-state structure of coenzyme B12 (adenosylcobalamin) over the first picosecond following excitation. The initial state is characterized by sub-100 fs sequential changes around the central cobalt. These are polarized first in the y-direction orthogonal to the transition dipole and 50 fs later in the x-direction along the transition dipole. Expansion of the axial bonds follows on a ca. 200 fs time scale as the molecule moves out of the Franck-Condon active region of the potential energy surface. On the same 200 fs time scale there are electronic changes that result in the loss of stimulated emission and the appearance of a strong absorption at 340 nm. These measurements provide a cobalt-centered movie of the excited molecule as it evolves to the local excited-state minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Lindsay B Michocki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1040 , United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States.,Department of Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Danielle L Sofferman
- Program in Applied Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1040 , United States
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Pawel M Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , 2320 South Brook Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States.,Department of Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States.,Department of Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1040 , United States.,Department of Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
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43
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Northey T, Norell J, Fouda AEA, Besley NA, Odelius M, Penfold TJ. Ultrafast nonadiabatic dynamics probed by nitrogen K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2667-2676. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dynamics simulations are used to simulate the ultrafast X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectra of photoexcited pyrazine including two strongly coupled electronically excited states and four normal mode degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Northey
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - J. Norell
- Department of Physics
- Stockholm University
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | | | - N. A. Besley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - M. Odelius
- Department of Physics
- Stockholm University
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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44
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Levi G, Biasin E, Dohn AO, Jónsson H. On the interplay of solvent and conformational effects in simulated excited-state dynamics of a copper phenanthroline photosensitizer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:748-757. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
QM/MM direct dynamics simulations in acetonitrile reveal the interplay between solvent and conformational effects in the photoinduced ultrafast flattening of a copper photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
| | - Elisa Biasin
- PULSE Institute
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- California 94025
- USA
| | - Asmus O. Dohn
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
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45
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Zerdane S, Cammarata M, Iasco O, Boillot ML, Collet E. Photoselective MLCT to d-d pathways for light-induced excited spin state trapping. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:171101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zerdane
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - M. Cammarata
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - O. Iasco
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Orsay, France
| | - M.-L. Boillot
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Orsay, France
| | - E. Collet
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Katayama T, Nozawa S, Umena Y, Lee S, Togashi T, Owada S, Yabashi M. A versatile experimental system for tracking ultrafast chemical reactions with X-ray free-electron lasers. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:054302. [PMID: 31531388 PMCID: PMC6742500 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An experimental system, SPINETT (SACLA Pump-probe INstrumEnt for Tracking Transient dynamics), dedicated for ultrafast pump-probe experiments using X-ray free-electron lasers has been developed. SPINETT consists of a chamber operated under 1 atm helium pressure, two Von Hamos spectrometers, and a large two-dimensional detector having a short work distance. This platform covers complementary X-ray techniques; one can perform time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy, and time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering. Two types of liquid injectors have been prepared for low-viscosity chemical solutions and for protein microcrystals embedded in a matrix. We performed a test experiment at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser and demonstrated the capability of SPINETT to obtain the local electronic structure and geometrical information simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasufumi Umena
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tshushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - SungHee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | | | | | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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