1
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Di Giorgio E, Dalla E, Tolotto V, D’Este F, Paluvai H, Ranzino L, Brancolini C. HDAC4 influences the DNA damage response and counteracts senescence by assembling with HDAC1/HDAC2 to control H2BK120 acetylation and homology-directed repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:8218-8240. [PMID: 38874468 PMCID: PMC11317144 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Access to DNA is the first level of control in regulating gene transcription, a control that is also critical for maintaining DNA integrity. Cellular senescence is characterized by profound transcriptional rearrangements and accumulation of DNA lesions. Here, we discovered an epigenetic complex between HDAC4 and HDAC1/HDAC2 that is involved in the erase of H2BK120 acetylation. The HDAC4/HDAC1/HDAC2 complex modulates the efficiency of DNA repair by homologous recombination, through dynamic deacetylation of H2BK120. Deficiency of HDAC4 leads to accumulation of H2BK120ac, impaired recruitment of BRCA1 and CtIP to the site of lesions, accumulation of damaged DNA and senescence. In senescent cells this complex is disassembled because of increased proteasomal degradation of HDAC4. Forced expression of HDAC4 during RAS-induced senescence reduces the genomic spread of γH2AX. It also affects H2BK120ac levels, which are increased in DNA-damaged regions that accumulate during RAS-induced senescence. In summary, degradation of HDAC4 during senescence causes the accumulation of damaged DNA and contributes to the activation of the transcriptional program controlled by super-enhancers that maintains senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tolotto
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Este
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Harikrishnareddy Paluvai
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Liliana Ranzino
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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Mielnicka M, Tabaro F, Sureka R, Acurzio B, Paoletti R, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Crevenna AH, Lapouge K, Remans K, Boulard M. Trim66's paternal deficiency causes intrauterine overgrowth. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302512. [PMID: 38719749 PMCID: PMC11077763 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66, also known as TIF1-delta) is a PHD-Bromo-containing protein primarily expressed in post-meiotic male germ cells known as spermatids. Biophysical assays showed that the TRIM66 PHD-Bromodomain binds to H3 N-terminus only when lysine 4 is unmethylated. We addressed TRIM66's role in reproduction by loss-of-function genetics in the mouse. Males homozygous for Trim66-null mutations produced functional spermatozoa. Round spermatids lacking TRIM66 up-regulated a network of genes involved in histone acetylation and H3K4 methylation. Profiling of H3K4me3 patterns in the sperm produced by the Trim66-null mutant showed minor alterations below statistical significance. Unexpectedly, Trim66-null males, but not females, sired pups overweight at birth, hence revealing that Trim66 mutations cause a paternal effect phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mielnicka
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Tabaro
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Rahul Sureka
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council (IBBC), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council (IBBC), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alvaro H Crevenna
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Karine Lapouge
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Remans
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthieu Boulard
- https://ror.org/01yr73893 Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
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3
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Du Z, Lin M, Li Q, Guo D, Xue Y, Liu W, Shi H, Chen T, Dan J. The totipotent 2C-like state safeguards genomic stability of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38860420 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) sporadically transition to a transient totipotent state that resembles blastomeres of the two-cell (2C) embryo stage, which has been proposed to contribute to exceptional genomic stability, one of the key features of mESCs. However, the biological significance of the rare population of 2C-like cells (2CLCs) in ESC cultures remains to be tested. Here we generated an inducible reporter cell system for specific elimination of 2CLCs from the ESC cultures to disrupt the equilibrium between ESCs and 2CLCs. We show that removing 2CLCs from the ESC cultures leads to dramatic accumulation of DNA damage, genomic mutations, and rearrangements, indicating impaired genomic instability. Furthermore, 2CLCs removal results in increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of mESCs in both serum/LIF and 2i/LIF culture conditions. Unexpectedly, p53 deficiency results in defective response to DNA damage, leading to early accumulation of DNA damage, micronuclei, indicative of genomic instability, cell apoptosis, and reduced self-renewal capacity of ESCs when devoid of 2CLCs in cultures. Together, our data reveal that transition to the privileged 2C-like state is a major component of the intrinsic mechanisms that maintain the exceptional genomic stability of mESCs for long-term self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Meiqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Qiaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yanna Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Programs in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiameng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
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4
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Boschen KE, Dragicevich CJ, Fish EW, Hepperla AJ, Simon JM, Parnell SE. Gastrulation-stage alcohol exposure induces similar rates of craniofacial malformations in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2292. [PMID: 38116840 PMCID: PMC10872400 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure during gastrulation (embryonic day [E] 7 in mice, ~3rd week of human pregnancy) impairs eye, facial, and cortical development, recapitulating birth defects characteristic of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). However, it is not known whether the prevalence or severity of craniofacial features associated with FAS is affected by biological sex. METHODS The current study administered either alcohol (2.9 g/kg, two i.p. doses, 4 hr apart) or vehicle to pregnant C57BL/6J females on E7, prior to gonadal sex differentiation, and assessed fetal morphology at E17. RESULTS Whereas sex did not affect fetal size in controls, alcohol-exposed females were smaller than both control females and alcohol-treated males. Alcohol exposure increased the incidence of eye defects to a similar degree in males and females. Together, these data suggest that females might be more sensitive to the general developmental effects of alcohol, but not effects specific to the craniofacies. Whole transcriptomic analysis of untreated E7 embryos found 214 differentially expressed genes in females vs. males, including those in pathways related to cilia and mitochondria, histone demethylase activity, and pluripotency. CONCLUSION Gastrulation-stage alcohol induces craniofacial malformations in male and female mouse fetuses at similar rates and severity, though growth deficits are more prevalent females. These findings support the investigation of biological sex as a contributing factor in prenatal alcohol studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Boschen
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Constance J. Dragicevich
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric W. Fish
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Austin J. Hepperla
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Simon
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott E. Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Zhang CL, Zhang J, Tuersuntuoheti M, Chang Q, Liu S. Population structure, genetic diversity and prolificacy in pishan red sheep under an extreme desert environment. Front Genet 2023; 14:1092066. [PMID: 37113996 PMCID: PMC10126422 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions are a major challenge for livestock production. Changes in climate conditions, especially those that lead to extreme weather, can reduce livestock production. The screening of genes and molecular markers is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism of sheep prolificacy traits in Taklimakan Desert environment. We selected healthy adult Pishan Red Sheep (PRS) and Qira Black Sheep (QR) which live in Taklimakan Desert environment, collected blood from jugular vein, extracted DNA, and prepared Illumina Ovine SNP50 chip. For PRS, linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated using the ovine SNP50 Beadchip and the effective population size (Ne) was estimated using SMC++. The genetic characteristics of PRS were analyzed by integrated haplotype score (iHS) and fixation index (F ST ). The result showed that r 2 of PRS was 0.233 ± 0.280 in the range of 0-10 Kb and decreased with increasing distances. SMC++ tested that the Ne of PRS remained at 236.99 in recent generations. 184 genes were screened out under iHS 1% threshold, and 1148 genes were screened out with F ST under the 5% threshold, and 29 genes were obtained from the intersection of the two gene sets. In this study, the genetic characteristics of PRS and QR were compared by ovine genome chip, and the related excellent genes were searched, providing reference for the protection of sheep germplasm resources and molecular breeding in a desert environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Jihu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Mirenisa Tuersuntuoheti
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Qianqian Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
- *Correspondence: Shudong Liu,
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6
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Post-Translational Modifications by Lipid Metabolites during the DNA Damage Response and Their Role in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111655. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA damage occurs as an inevitable consequence of exposure to harmful exogenous and endogenous agents. Therefore, the effective sensing and repair of DNA damage are essential for maintaining genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. Inappropriate responses to DNA damage can lead to genomic instability and, ultimately, cancer. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are a key regulator of the DNA damage response (DDR), and recent progress in mass spectrometry analysis methods has revealed that a wide range of metabolites can serve as donors for PTMs. In this review, we will summarize how the DDR is regulated by lipid metabolite-associated PTMs, including acetylation, S-succinylation, N-myristoylation, palmitoylation, and crotonylation, and the implications for tumorigenesis. We will also discuss potential novel targets for anti-cancer drug development.
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7
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Franco-Echevarría E, Rutherford TJ, Fiedler M, Dean C, Bienz M. Plant vernalization proteins contain unusual PHD superdomains without histone H3 binding activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102540. [PMID: 36174674 PMCID: PMC9640981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PHD fingers are modular domains in chromatin-associated proteins that decode the methylation status of histone H3 tails. A PHD finger signature is found in plant vernalization (VEL) proteins, which function as accessory factors of the Polycomb system to control flowering in Arabidopsis through an epigenetic silencing mechanism. It has been proposed that VEL PHD fingers bind to methylated histone H3 tails to facilitate association of the Polycomb silencing machinery with target genes. Here, we use structural analysis by X-ray crystallography to show that the VEL PHD finger forms the central module of a larger compact tripartite superdomain that also contains a zinc finger and a four-helix bundle. This PHD superdomain fold is only found in one other family, the OBERON proteins, which have multiple functions in Arabidopsis meristems to control plant growth. The putative histone-binding surface of OBERON proteins exhibits the characteristic three-pronged pocket of histone-binding PHD fingers and binds to methylated histone H3 tails. However, that of VEL PHD fingers lacks this architecture and exhibits unusually high positive surface charge. This VEL PHD superdomain neither binds to unmodified nor variously modified histone H3 tails, as demonstrated by isothermal calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy. Instead, the VEL PHD superdomain interacts with negatively charged polymers. Our evidence argues for evolution of a divergent function for the PHD superdomain in vernalization that does not involve histone tail decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Fiedler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dean
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom; John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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8
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Sekirnik A, Reynolds JK, See L, Bluck JP, Scorah AR, Tallant C, Lee B, Leszczynska KB, Grimley RL, Storer RI, Malattia M, Crespillo S, Caria S, Duclos S, Hammond EM, Knapp S, Morris GM, Duarte F, Biggin PC, Conway SJ. Identification of Histone Peptide Binding Specificity and Small-Molecule Ligands for the TRIM33α and TRIM33β Bromodomains. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2753-2768. [PMID: 36098557 PMCID: PMC9594046 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TRIM33 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins, some of which possess E3 ligase activity and are involved in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins. Four of the TRIM family proteins, TRIM24 (TIF1α), TRIM28 (TIF1β), TRIM33 (TIF1γ) and TRIM66, contain C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) and bromodomain (BRD) modules, which bind to methylated lysine (KMen) and acetylated lysine (KAc), respectively. Here we investigate the differences between the two isoforms of TRIM33, TRIM33α and TRIM33β, using structural and biophysical approaches. We show that the N1039 residue, which is equivalent to N140 in BRD4(1) and which is conserved in most BRDs, has a different orientation in each isoform. In TRIM33β, this residue coordinates KAc, but this is not the case in TRIM33α. Despite these differences, both isoforms show similar affinities for H31-27K18Ac, and bind preferentially to H31-27K9Me3K18Ac. We used this information to develop an AlphaScreen assay, with which we have identified four new ligands for the TRIM33 PHD-BRD cassette. These findings provide fundamental new information regarding which histone marks are recognized by both isoforms of TRIM33 and suggest starting points for the development of chemical probes to investigate the cellular function of TRIM33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina
R. Sekirnik
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jessica K. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Larissa See
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Joseph P. Bluck
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Amy R. Scorah
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Nuffield
Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, U.K.
| | - Bernadette Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Katarzyna B. Leszczynska
- Oxford Institute
for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Rachel L. Grimley
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pfizer Ltd, The Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - R. Ian Storer
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pfizer Ltd, The Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - Marta Malattia
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Sara Crespillo
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Sofia Caria
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Stephanie Duclos
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Oxford Institute
for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Structural
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Garrett M. Morris
- Department
of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Philip C. Biggin
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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9
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Horjus J, van Mourik-Banda T, Heerings MAP, Hakobjan M, De Witte W, Heersema DJ, Jansen AJ, Strijbis EMM, de Jong BA, Slettenaar AEJ, Zeinstra EMPE, Hoogervorst ELJ, Franke B, Kruijer W, Jongen PJ, Visser LJ, Poelmans G. Whole Exome Sequencing in Multi-Incident Families Identifies Novel Candidate Genes for Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911461. [PMID: 36232761 PMCID: PMC9570223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which auto-immunity-induced demyelination occurs. MS is thought to be caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic risk factors. While most genetic studies have focused on identifying common genetic variants for MS through genome-wide association studies, the objective of the present study was to identify rare genetic variants contributing to MS susceptibility. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by co-segregation analyses in nine multi-incident families with two to four affected individuals. WES was performed in 31 family members with and without MS. After applying a suite of selection criteria, co-segregation analyses for a number of rare variants selected from the WES results were performed, adding 24 family members. This approach resulted in 12 exonic rare variants that showed acceptable co-segregation with MS within the nine families, implicating the genes MBP, PLK1, MECP2, MTMR7, TOX3, CPT1A, SORCS1, TRIM66, ITPR3, TTC28, CACNA1F, and PRAM1. Of these, three genes (MBP, MECP2, and CPT1A) have been previously reported as carrying MS-related rare variants. Six additional genes (MTMR7, TOX3, SORCS1, ITPR3, TTC28, and PRAM1) have also been implicated in MS through common genetic variants. The proteins encoded by all twelve genes containing rare variants interact in a molecular framework that points to biological processes involved in (de-/re-)myelination and auto-immunity. Our approach provides clues to possible molecular mechanisms underlying MS that should be studied further in cellular and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Horjus
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van Mourik-Banda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco A. P. Heerings
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothea J. Heersema
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Bravis Hospital, 4708 AE Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M. M. Strijbis
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit A. de Jong
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe Kruijer
- Independent Life Science Consultant, 3831 CE Leusden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Jongen
- MS4 Research Institute, 6522 KJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Visser
- Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, 3512 HD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abe K, Li J, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid Hormone-mediated Histone Modification Protects Cortical Neurons From the Toxic Effects of Hypoxic Injury. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac139. [PMID: 36817622 PMCID: PMC9562813 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Thyroid hormone has been shown to have a protective role in neuronal injury, although the mechanisms have not been established. The cellular response to stress that promotes adaptation and survival has been shown to involve epigenetic modifications. Objective We hypothesized that the neuroprotective role of thyroid hormone was associated with epigenetic modifications of histone proteins. We used hypoxic neurons as a model system for hypoxia-induced brain injury. Methods Mouse primary cortical neurons were exposed to 0.2% oxygen for 7 hours, with or without, treatment with triiodothyronine (T3). We analyzed the expression of histone-modifying enzymes by RNA-seq and the post-translationally modified histone 3 proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Results We found that methylation of H3K27, associated with inactive promoters, was highly induced in hypoxic neurons, and this histone methylation was reduced by T3 treatment. H3K4 methylation is the hallmark of active promoters. The expression of 3 (Set1db, Kmta2c, and Kmt2e) out of 6 H3K4 methyltransferases was downregulated by hypoxia and expression was restored by T3 treatment. H3K4me3 protein, measured by ELISA, was increased 76% in T3-treated hypoxic neurons compared with the levels without T3 treatment. H3K56ac plays a critical role in transcription initiation and was markedly increased in T3-treated hypoxic neurons compared with those without T3 treatment, indicating stimulation of gene transcription. Additionally, T3 treatment restored hypoxia-induced downregulation of histone acetyltransferase, Kat6a, Kat6b, and Crebbp, which function as transcription factors. Conclusion These findings indicate that T3 treatment mitigates hypoxia-induced histone modifications and protects neurons from hypoxia-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Abe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Yan Yun Liu
- Correspondence: Yan-Yun Liu, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. ; or Gregory A. Brent, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Correspondence: Yan-Yun Liu, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. ; or Gregory A. Brent, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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11
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Kolobynina KG, Rapp A, Cardoso MC. Chromatin Ubiquitination Guides DNA Double Strand Break Signaling and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:928113. [PMID: 35865631 PMCID: PMC9294282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.928113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is the context for all DNA-based molecular processes taking place in the cell nucleus. The initial chromatin structure at the site of the DNA damage determines both, lesion generation and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In turn, proceeding DDR changes the chromatin at the damaged site and across large fractions of the genome. Ubiquitination, besides phosphorylation and methylation, was characterized as an important chromatin post-translational modification (PTM) occurring at the DNA damage site and persisting during the duration of the DDR. Ubiquitination appears to function as a highly versatile “signal-response” network involving several types of players performing various functions. Here we discuss how ubiquitin modifiers fine-tune the DNA damage recognition and response and how the interaction with other chromatin modifications ensures cell survival.
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12
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Zuo F, Jiang J, Fu H, Yan K, Liefke R, Zhang J, Hong Y, Chang Z, Liu N, Wang Z, Xi Q. A TRIM66/DAX1/Dux axis suppresses the totipotent 2-cell-like state in murine embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:948-961.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Khan P, Chaudhuri RN. Acetylation of H3K56 orchestrates UV-responsive chromatin events that generate DNA accessibility during Nucleotide Excision Repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 113:103317. [PMID: 35290816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications have long been related to DNA damage response. Nucleotide excision repair pathway that removes helix-distorting lesions necessitates DNA accessibility through chromatin modifications. Previous studies have linked H3 tail residue acetylation to UV-induced NER. Here we present evidences that acetylation of H3K56 is crucial for early phases of NER. Using H3K56 mutants K56Q and K56R, which mimic acetylated and unacetylated lysines respectively, we show that recruitment of the repair factor Rad16, a Swi/Snf family member is dependent on H3K56 acetylation. With constitutive H3K56 acetylation, Rad16 recruitment became UV-independent. Furthermore, H3K56 acetylation promoted UV-induced hyperacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14. Importantly, constitutive H3K56 acetylation prominently increased chromatin accessibility. During NER, lack of H3K56 acetylation that effectively aborted H3 tail residue acetylation and Rad16 recruitment, thus failed to impart essential chromatin modulations. The NER-responsive oscillation of chromatin structure observed in wild type, was distinctly eliminated in absence of H3K56 acetylation. In vitro assay with wild type and H3K56 mutant cell extracts further indicated that absence of H3K56 acetylation negatively affected DNA relaxation during NER. Overall, H3K56 acetylation regulates Rad16 redistribution and UV-induced H3 tail residue hyperacetylation, and the resultant modification code promotes chromatin accessibility and recruitment of subsequent repair factors during NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Ronita Nag Chaudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India.
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14
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Song H, Shen R, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Guo Z, Wang D. Histone post-translational modification and the DNA damage response. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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15
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Fragment-Based Discovery of AF9 YEATS Domain Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073893. [PMID: 35409252 PMCID: PMC8998803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
YEATS (YAF9, ENL, AF9, TAF14, SAS5) family proteins recognize acylated histones and in turn regulate chromatin structure, gene transcription, and stress signaling. The chromosomal translocations of ENL and mixed lineage leukemia are considered oncogenic drivers in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoid leukemia. However, known ENL YEATS domain inhibitors have failed to suppress the proliferation of 60 tested cancer cell lines. Herein, we identified four hits from the NMR fragment-based screening against the AF9 YEATS domain. Ten inhibitors of new chemotypes were then designed and synthesized guided by two complex structures and affinity assays. The complex structures revealed that these inhibitors formed an extra hydrogen bond to AF9, with respect to known ENL inhibitors. Furthermore, these inhibitors demonstrated antiproliferation activities in AF9-sensitive HGC-27 cells, which recapitulated the phenotype of the CRISPR studies against AF9. Our work will provide the basis for further structured-based optimization and reignite the campaign for potent AF9 YEATS inhibitors as a precise treatment for AF9-sensitive cancers.
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Garcia-Venzor A, Toiber D. SIRT6 Through the Brain Evolution, Development, and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747989. [PMID: 34720996 PMCID: PMC8548377 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During an organism's lifespan, two main phenomena are critical for the organism's survival. These are (1) a proper embryonic development, which permits the new organism to function with high fitness, grow and reproduce, and (2) the aging process, which will progressively undermine its competence and fitness for survival, leading to its death. Interestingly these processes present various similarities at the molecular level. Notably, as organisms became more complex, regulation of these processes became coordinated by the brain, and failure in brain activity is detrimental in both development and aging. One of the critical processes regulating brain health is the capacity to keep its genomic integrity and epigenetic regulation-deficiency in DNA repair results in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. As the brain becomes more complex, this effect becomes more evident. In this perspective, we will analyze how the brain evolved and became critical for human survival and the role Sirt6 plays in brain health. Sirt6 belongs to the Sirtuin family of histone deacetylases that control several cellular processes; among them, Sirt6 has been associated with the proper embryonic development and is associated with the aging process. In humans, Sirt6 has a pivotal role during brain aging, and its loss of function is correlated with the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, Sirt6 roles during brain development and aging, especially the last one, are not observed in all species. It appears that during the brain organ evolution, Sirt6 has gained more relevance as the brain becomes bigger and more complex, observing the most detrimental effect in the brains of Homo sapiens. In this perspective, we part from the evolution of the brain in metazoans, the biological similarities between brain development and aging, and the relevant functions of Sirt6 in these similar phenomena to conclude with the evidence suggesting a more relevant role of Sirt6 gained in the brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Garcia-Venzor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Association of the SNP rs112369934 near TRIM66 Gene with POAG Endophenotypes in African Americans. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091420. [PMID: 34573402 PMCID: PMC8471280 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs112369934 near the TRIM66 gene with qualitative and quantitative phenotypes of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). AA subjects over 35 years old were recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study in Philadelphia, PA. Glaucoma cases were evaluated for phenotypes associated with POAG pathogenesis, and the associations between rs112369934 and phenotypes were investigated by logistic regression analysis and in gender-stratified case cohorts: The SNP rs112369934 was found to have a suggestive association with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) in 1087 male AA POAG cases, individuals with the TC genotype having thinner RNFL (95% CI 0.85 to 6.61, p = 0.01) and larger CDR (95% CI -0.07 to -0.01, p = 0.02) than those with wildtype TT. No other significant associations were found. In conclusion SNP rs112369934 may play a role in POAG pathogenesis in male AA individuals. However, this SNP has been implicated in higher POAG risk in both male and female AA POAG cases.
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18
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Sun X, Xu H, Wei X, Wei Y, Xiao G, Song Z, Zhou F. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces radioresistance in colorectal cancer by activating [Ca 2+] m-PDP1-PDH-histone acetylation retrograde signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:837. [PMID: 34489398 PMCID: PMC8421510 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial retrograde signaling (mito-RTG) triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction plays a potential role in regulating tumor metabolic reprogramming and cellular sensitivity to radiation. Our previous studies showed phos-pyruvate dehydrogenase (p-PDH) and PDK1, which involved in aerobic glycolysis, were positively correlated with radioresistance, but how they initiate and work in the mito-RTG pathway is still unknown. Our further genomics analysis revealed that complex I components were widely downregulated in mitochondrial dysfunction model. In the present study, high expression of p-PDH was found in the complex I deficient cells and induced radioresistance. Mechanistically, complex I defects led to a decreased PDH both in cytoplasm and nucleus through [Ca2+]m-PDP1-PDH axis, and decreased PDH in nucleus promote DNA damage repair (DDR) response via reducing histone acetylation. Meanwhile, NDUFS1 (an important component of the complex I) overexpression could enhance the complex I activity, reverse glycolysis and resensitize cancer cells to radiation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, low NDUFS1 and PDH expression were validated to be correlated with poor tumor regression grading (TRG) in local advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Here, we propose that the [Ca2+]m-PDP1-PDH-histone acetylation retrograde signaling activated by mitochondrial complex I defects contribute to cancer cell radioresistance, which provides new insight in the understanding of the mito-RTG. For the first time, we reveal that NDUFS1 could be served as a promising predictor of radiosensitivity and modification of complex I function may improve clinical benefits of radiotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huangang Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xue Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guohui Xiao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei clinical cancer study center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Nin DS, Wujanto C, Tan TZ, Lim D, Damen JMA, Wu KY, Dai ZM, Lee ZW, Idres SB, Leong YH, Jha S, Ng JSY, Low JJH, Chang SC, Tan DSP, Wu W, Choo BA, Deng LW. GAGE mediates radio resistance in cervical cancers via the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109621. [PMID: 34469741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in cancers that use definitive RT as their primary treatment modality. This study identifies the cancer/testis (CT) antigen G antigen (GAGE) as a mediator of radio resistance in cervical cancers. Elevated GAGE expression positively associates with de novo RT resistance in clinical samples. GAGE, specifically the GAGE12 protein variant, confers RT resistance through synemin-dependent chromatin localization, promoting the association of histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC1/2) to its inhibitor actin. This cumulates to elevated histone 3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56Ac) levels, increased chromatin accessibility, and improved DNA repair efficiency. Molecular or pharmacological disruption of the GAGE-associated complex restores radiosensitivity. Molecularly, this study demonstrates the role of GAGE in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. Clinically, this study puts forward the utility of GAGE as a pre-screening biomarker to identify poor responders at initial diagnosis and the therapeutic potential of agents that target GAGE and its associated complex in combination with radiotherapy to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Caryn Wujanto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology, NUH, Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - J Mirjam A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ziyu Melvin Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Zheng-Wei Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yiat Horng Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Joseph Soon-Yau Ng
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey J H Low
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Shao Peng Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, NUHS, Singapore 119228, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Bok Ai Choo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore 119074, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119074, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, YLLSOM, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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Boyson SP, Gao C, Quinn K, Boyd J, Paculova H, Frietze S, Glass KC. Functional Roles of Bromodomain Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3606. [PMID: 34298819 PMCID: PMC8303718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is generally associated with an open chromatin configuration that facilitates many cellular processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Aberrant levels of histone lysine acetylation are associated with the development of cancer. Bromodomains represent a family of structurally well-characterized effector domains that recognize acetylated lysines in chromatin. As part of their fundamental reader activity, bromodomain-containing proteins play versatile roles in epigenetic regulation, and additional functional modules are often present in the same protein, or through the assembly of larger enzymatic complexes. Dysregulated gene expression, chromosomal translocations, and/or mutations in bromodomain-containing proteins have been correlated with poor patient outcomes in cancer. Thus, bromodomains have emerged as a highly tractable class of epigenetic targets due to their well-defined structural domains, and the increasing ease of designing or screening for molecules that modulate the reading process. Recent developments in pharmacological agents that target specific bromodomains has helped to understand the diverse mechanisms that bromodomains play with their interaction partners in a variety of chromatin processes, and provide the promise of applying bromodomain inhibitors into the clinical field of cancer treatment. In this review, we explore the expression and protein interactome profiles of bromodomain-containing proteins and discuss them in terms of functional groups. Furthermore, we highlight our current understanding of the roles of bromodomain-containing proteins in cancer, as well as emerging strategies to specifically target bromodomains, including combination therapies using bromodomain inhibitors alongside traditional therapeutic approaches designed to re-program tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Boyson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Joseph Boyd
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Hana Paculova
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Mancini M, Magnani E, Macchi F, Bonapace IM. The multi-functionality of UHRF1: epigenome maintenance and preservation of genome integrity. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6053-6068. [PMID: 33939809 PMCID: PMC8216287 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During S phase, the cooperation between the macromolecular complexes regulating DNA synthesis, epigenetic information maintenance and DNA repair is advantageous for cells, as they can rapidly detect DNA damage and initiate the DNA damage response (DDR). UHRF1 is a fundamental epigenetic regulator; its ability to coordinate DNA methylation and histone code is unique across proteomes of different species. Recently, UHRF1’s role in DNA damage repair has been explored and recognized to be as important as its role in maintaining the epigenome. UHRF1 is a sensor for interstrand crosslinks and a determinant for the switch towards homologous recombination in the repair of double-strand breaks; its loss results in enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage. These functions are finely regulated by specific post-translational modifications and are mediated by the SRA domain, which binds to damaged DNA, and the RING domain. Here, we review recent studies on the role of UHRF1 in DDR focusing on how it recognizes DNA damage and cooperates with other proteins in its repair. We then discuss how UHRF1’s epigenetic abilities in reading and writing histone modifications, or its interactions with ncRNAs, could interlace with its role in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA 21052, Italy
| | - Elena Magnani
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA 21052, Italy
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22
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The Association between TIF1 Family Members and Cancer Stemness in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071528. [PMID: 33810347 PMCID: PMC8061774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stem cell-associated molecular features of solid tumors, collectively known as cancer stemness, are of great importance in the development, progression, and reoccurrence of cancer. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation is significantly associated with cancer stemness. Here, we investigated the association between the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of TIF1 members in predicting a stem-like cancer phenotype. Our results indicate that only TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) high expression is consequently associated with a “stemness high” phenotype, regardless of the tumor type, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. The oncogenic signature of TRIM28HIGH tumors significantly reflects the enrichment of “stemness high” cancers with targets for c-Myc (MYC Proto-Oncogene). TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles are also robustly enriched with stemness markers. Our results demonstrate that the association between high TRIM28 expression and an enriched cancer stem cell-like phenotype is a common phenomenon across solid tumors. Abstract Cancer progression entails a gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype in parallel with the acquisition of stem cell-like features. Cancer de-differentiation and the acquisition of stemness features are mediated by the transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation of cancer cells. Here, using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and harnessing several bioinformatic tools, we characterized the association between Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in 27 distinct types of solid tumors. We aimed to define the prognostic value for TIF1 members in predicting a stem cell-like cancer phenotype and patient outcome. Our results demonstrate that high expression of only one member of the TIF1 family, namely TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) is consequently associated with enriched cancer stemness across the tested solid tumor types, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. TRIM28 is highly expressed in higher grade tumors that exhibit stem cell-like traits. In contrast to other TIF1 members, only TIF1β/TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles were robustly enriched with stemness markers regardless of the tumor type. Our work demonstrates that TIF1 family members exhibit distinct expression patterns in stem cell-like tumors, despite their structural and functional similarity. Among other TIF1 members, only TRIM28 might serve as a marker of cancer stemness features.
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23
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Yuan YG, Mesalam A, Song SH, Lee KL, Xu L, Joo MD, Kong IK. Effect of nicotinamide supplementation in in vitro fertilization medium on bovine embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:1070-1081. [PMID: 32885880 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is one of the main causes of poorly developed embryos in assisted reproductive technologies. Nicotinamide (NAM) has been shown to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through its potent antioxidative and anti-senescent effects. In the present study, we explored the effects of short-term NAM-treatment (3 and 5 h) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the development of bovine embryos. Treatment with 10 mM NAM for 3 h significantly increased the blastocyst formation but extending the treatment to 5 h did not enhance the benefits any further. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that treatment with 10 mM NAM for 3 h decreased the expression of intracellular ROS, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, caspase-3, and increased the expression of Sirt1, and incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in one-cell stage embryos. Similarly, the level of H3K56ac significantly increased in the NAM-treated (3 and 5 h) one-cell stage embryos. Contrastingly, the treatment with 10 mM NAM for 5 h increased the caspase-9 level in blastocysts. Collectively, these findings suggest that NAM possesses antioxidant activity and supplementation of IVF medium with 10 mM NAM for 3 h improves the in vitro developmental competence of bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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TIF1 Proteins in Genome Stability and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082094. [PMID: 32731534 PMCID: PMC7463590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells which results in excessive DNA damage. To counteract this, cells have evolved a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR) to rapidly sense DNA damage and promote its repair whilst halting cell cycle progression. The DDR functions predominantly within the context of chromatin and requires the action of chromatin-binding proteins to coordinate the appropriate response. TRIM24, TRIM28, TRIM33 and TRIM66 make up the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family of chromatin-binding proteins, a subfamily of the large tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases. All four TIF1 proteins are aberrantly expressed across numerous cancer types, and increasing evidence suggests that TIF1 family members can function to maintain genome stability by mediating chromatin-based responses to DNA damage. This review provides an overview of the TIF1 family in cancer, focusing on their roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation and cell cycle regulation.
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25
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Liu X, Liu X, Wang H, Dou Z, Ruan K, Hill DL, Li L, Shi Y, Yao X. Phase separation drives decision making in cell division. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13419-13431. [PMID: 32699013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomolecules drives the formation of subcellular compartments with distinct physicochemical properties. These compartments, free of lipid bilayers and therefore called membraneless organelles, include nucleoli, centrosomes, heterochromatin, and centromeres. These have emerged as a new paradigm to account for subcellular organization and cell fate decisions. Here we summarize recent studies linking LLPS to mitotic spindle, heterochromatin, and centromere assembly and their plasticity controls in the context of the cell division cycle, highlighting a functional role for phase behavior and material properties of proteins assembled onto heterochromatin, centromeres, and central spindles via LLPS. The techniques and tools for visualizing and harnessing membraneless organelle dynamics and plasticity in mitosis are also discussed, as is the potential for these discoveries to promote new research directions for investigating chromosome dynamics, plasticity, and interchromosome interactions in the decision-making process during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haowei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Donald L Hill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China.
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