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Zhou J, Cheng H, Cheng J, Wang L, Xu H. The Emergence of High-Performance Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic Semiconductor Hybrid Photoelectrodes for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300418. [PMID: 37421184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion holds great potential in converting solar energy into storable and transportable chemicals or fuels, providing a viable route toward a carbon-neutral society. Conjugated polymers are rapidly emerging as a new class of materials for PEC water splitting. They exhibit many intriguing properties including tunable electronic structures through molecular engineering, excellent light harvesting capability with high absorption coefficients, and facile fabrication of large-area thin films via solution processing. Recent advances have indicated that integrating rationally designed conjugated polymers with inorganic semiconductors is a promising strategy for fabricating efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes for high-efficiency PEC water splitting. This review introduces the history of developing conjugated polymers for PEC water splitting. Notable examples of utilizing conjugated polymers to broaden the light absorption range, improve stability, and enhance the charge separation efficiency of hybrid photoelectrodes are highlighted. Furthermore, key challenges and future research opportunities for further improvements are also presented. This review provides an up-to-date overview of fabricating stable and high-efficiency PEC devices by integrating conjugated polymers with state-of-the-art semiconductors and would have significant implications for the broad solar-to-chemical energy conversion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Li X, Zhou S, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Qi P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo C, Chen S. Supramolecular Enhancement of Charge Transport through Pillar[5]arene-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216987. [PMID: 36728903 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular charge transport is one of the essential modes for modulating charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Supermolecules are highly promising candidates for molecular devices because of their abundant structures and easy functionalization. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to enhance charge transport through pillar[5]arene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by introducing cationic guests. The current density of pillar[5]arene SAMs can be raised up to about 2.1 orders of magnitude by inserting cationic molecules into the cavity of pillar[5]arenes in SAMs. Importantly, we have also observed a positive correlation between the charge transport of pillar[5]arene-based complex SAMs and the binding affinities of the pillar[5]arene-based complexation. Such an enhancement of charge transport is attributed to the efficient host-guest interactions that stabilize the supramolecular complexes and lower the energy gaps for charge transport. This work provides a predictive pattern for the regulation of intermolecular charge transport in guiding the design of next generation switches and functional sensors in supramolecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Pan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Cunlan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shigui Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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3
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Comí M, Moncho S, Attar S, Barłóg M, Brothers E, Bazzi HS, Al-Hashimi M. Structural-Functional Properties of Asymmetric Fluoro-Alkoxy Substituted Benzothiadiazole Homopolymers with Flanked Chalcogen-Based Heterocycles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200731. [PMID: 36285613 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of asymmetric alkoxy- are reported, fluoro-benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor core derivatized with a series of six different heterocycles (selenophene, thiophene, furan, 5-thiazole, 2-thiazole and 2-oxazole). The effect of the flanked-heterocycles containing different chalcogen atoms of the six homopolymers (HPX) is studied using optical, thermal, electrochemical, and computational analysis. Computational calculations indicate a strong relationship between the most stable conformation for each homopolymer and their bearing heterocycle, thus homopolymers HPSe', HPTp', HPFu', and HPTzC5, adopted the syn-syn and syn-anti conformations due to their noncovalent interactions with shorter distances, while HPTzC2' and HPOx' demonstrate preference for the anti-anti conformation. Optical property studies of the homopolymers reveal a strong red-shift in solution and film upon exchanging the chalcogen atom from Oxygen < Sulfur < Selenium in HPFu, HPTp, and HPSe, respectively. In addition, deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels are observed when the donor-acceptor moieties (HPSe, HPTp, and HPFu) are substituted for the acceptor-acceptor systems such as HPTzC5, HPTzC2, and HPOx. Improved packing and morphology are exhibited for the donor-acceptor homopolymers. Thus, having a flanked heterocycle containing different chalcogen-atoms in polymeric systems is one way of tuning the physicochemical properties of conjugated materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Comí
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Salvador Moncho
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Salahuddin Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Edward Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Hassan S Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, 209 Reed MacDonald Building, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
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Wu Y, Ding Z, Zhang Q, Liang X, Yang H, Huang W, Su Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Han Y, Liu SF, Zhao K. Increasing H-Aggregates via Sequential Aggregation to Enhance the Hole Mobility of Printed Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueling Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Biswas S, Baker LR. Extreme Ultraviolet Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy: Probing Dynamics at Surfaces from a Molecular Perspective. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:893-903. [PMID: 35238529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet light sources based on high harmonic generation are enabling the development of novel spectroscopic methods to help advance the frontiers of ultrafast science and technology. In this Account, we discuss the development of extreme ultraviolet reflection-absorption (XUV-RA) spectroscopy at near grazing incident reflection geometry and highlight recent applications of this method to study ultrafast electron dynamics at surfaces. Measuring core-to-valence transitions with broadband, femtosecond pulses of XUV light extends the benefits of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to a laboratory tabletop by providing a chemical fingerprint of materials, including the ability to resolve individual elements with sensitivity to oxidation state, spin state, carrier polarity, and coordination geometry. Combining this chemical state sensitivity with femtosecond time resolution provides new insight into the material properties that govern charge carrier dynamics in complex materials. It is well-known that surface dynamics differ significantly from equivalent processes in bulk materials and that charge separation, trapping, transport, and recombination occurring uniquely at surfaces govern the efficiency of numerous technologically relevant processes spanning photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and information storage and processing. Importantly, XUV-RA spectroscopy at near grazing angle is also surface sensitive with a probe depth of ∼3 nm, providing a new window into electronic and structural dynamics at surfaces and interfaces. Here we highlight the unique capabilities and recent applications of XUV-RA spectroscopy to study photoinduced surface dynamics in metal oxide semiconductors, including photocatalytic oxides (Fe2O3, Co3O4 NiO, and CuFeO2) as well as photoswitchable magnetic oxide (CoFe2O4). We first compare the ultrafast electron self-trapping rates via small polaron formation at the surface and bulk of Fe2O3 where we note that the energetics and kinetics of this process differ significantly at the surface. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to systematically tune this kinetics by molecular functionalization, thereby providing a route to control carrier transport at surfaces. We also measure the spectral signatures of charge transfer excitons with site specific localization of both electrons and holes in a series of transition metal oxide semiconductors (Fe2O3, NiO, Co3O4). The presence of valence band holes probed at the oxygen L1-edge confirms a direct relationship between the metal-oxygen bond covalency and water oxidation efficiency. For a mixed metal oxide CuFeO2 in the layered delafossite structure, XUV-RA reveals that the sub-picosecond hole thermalization from O 2p to Cu 3d states of CuFeO2 leads to the spatial separation of electrons and holes, resulting in exceptional photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction of this material. Finally, we provide an example to show the ability of XUV-RA to probe spin state specific dynamics in a photoswitchable ferrimagnet, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). This study provides a detailed understating of ultrafast spin switching in a complex magnetic material with site-specific resolution. In summary, the applications of XUV-RA spectroscopy demonstrated here illustrate the current abilities and future promise of this method to extend molecule-level understanding from well-defined photochemical complexes to complex materials so that charge and spin dynamics at surfaces can be tuned with the precision of molecular photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - L. Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Zhang WN, Wu XQ, Wang G, Duan YA, Geng H, Liao Y. Toward High Performance Ambipolar Transport from Super-exchange Perspective: Theoretical Insights for IID-based Copolymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhou K, Zhou X, Xue W, Bi Z, Wu H, Ma Z, Ma W. Strengthening the Intermolecular Interaction of Prototypical Semicrystalline Conjugated Polymer Enables Improved Photocurrent Generation at the Heterojunction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100871. [PMID: 35075733 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular packing structure of conjugated polymers are crucial in determining their optoelectronic properties. The intra and intermolecular interactions (J- and H-type aggregation) in the conjugated polymer films were found to readily facilitate the electron and hole transport, respectively. However, how those different aggregation types influence the photocurrent generation process at the heterojunction is still mysterious, especially for the newly developed semicrystalline conjugated polymers. Here, the prototypical copolymer PM6 is used as a model semicrystalline polymer to tune the relative content of aggregation types with various halogen-free processing solvents. Various measurements reveal that the toluene-processed PM6 film exhibits the increased H-aggregates and crystallinity in the π-π stacking direction compared to its o-Xylene- and trimethylbenzene (TMB)-processed counterparts. This is partly resulted from the weak steric effect and good solubility in the PM6 solution prepared with toluene bearing small molar volume, which strengthens the intermolecular interaction of adjacent polymer segments. After analyzing the photovoltaic properties of the different PM6/Y6 bilayer devices, the faster charge carrier transport, smaller charge recombination, lower energy losses and interfacial energetic disorder can be observed in the toluene-processed device, leading to the synergistically improved short-circuit current density (JSC ) and open-circuit voltage (VOC ). Our findings indicate that the control of the molecular packing structure in terms of aggregation types is a powerful strategy to promote the photocurrent generation process at the conjugated polymer-based heterojunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Meng T, Yuan T, Ni R, Li Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Lei S, Fan L. Red Phosphorescent Carbon Quantum Dot Organic Framework-Based Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes Exceeding 5% External Quantum Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18941-18951. [PMID: 34747168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have developed into prospective nanomaterials for next-generation lighting and displays due to their intrinsic advantages of high stability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, confined by the spin-forbidden nature of triplet state transitions, the highest theoretical value of external quantum efficiency (EQE) of fluorescent CQDs is merely 5%, which fundamentally limits their further application in electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Soluble phosphorescent CQDs offer a means of breaking the shackle to achieve efficient monochromatic electroluminescence, especially red emission, which is a pivotal constituent in full-color displays. Here, the synthesis of red (625 nm) phosphorescent carbon quantum dot organic frameworks (CDOFs) with a quantum yield of up to 42.3% and realization of high-efficiency red phosphorescent electroluminescent LEDs are reported. The LEDs based on the CDOFs exhibited a red emission with a maximum luminance of 1818 cd m-2 and an EQE of 5.6%. This work explores the possibility of a new perspective for developing high-performance CQD-based electroluminescent LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruihao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Nicolini T, Marquez AV, Goudeau B, Kuhn A, Salinas G. In Situ Spectroelectrochemical-Conductance Measurements as an Efficient Tool for the Evaluation of Charge Trapping in Conducting Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10422-10428. [PMID: 34672581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In situ UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry has been intensively used to evaluate the electronic transitions during the charging/discharging process of π-conjugated polymers. However, the type of charge carrier and the mechanisms of their transport, remains still a point of discussion. Herein, the coupling between UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and in situ electrochemical-conductance measurements is proposed to compare the doping process of three different thiophene-based conducting polymers. The simultaneous monitoring of electrical and absorption properties, associated with low energy electronic transitions characteristic for polarons and bipolarons, was achieved. In addition, this method allows evaluating the reversible charge trapping mechanism of poly-3,4-o-xylendioxythiophene (PXDOT), caused by the formation of σ-dimers, making it a very useful tool to determine relevant physicochemical properties of conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Nicolini
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, F-33607 Pessac, France
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11
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Li Y, Fu H, Wu Z, Wu X, Wang M, Qin H, Lin F, Woo HY, Jen AKY. Regulating the Aggregation of Unfused Non-Fullerene Acceptors via Molecular Engineering towards Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3579-3589. [PMID: 34037333 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuning molecular aggregation via structure design to manipulate the film morphology still remains as a challenge for polymer solar cells based on unfused non-fullerene acceptors (UF-NFAs). Herein, a strategy was developed to modulate the aggregation patterns of UF-NFAs by systematically varying the π-bridge (D) unit and central core (A') unit in A-D-A'-D-A framework (A and D refer to electron-withdrawing and electron-donating moieties, respectively). Specifically, the quantified contents of H- or J-aggregation and crystallite disorder of three UF-NFAs (BDIC2F, BCIC2F, and TCIC2F) were analyzed via UV/Vis spectrometry and grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The results showed that the H-aggregate-dominated BCIC2F with less crystallite disorder exhibited a more favorable blend morphology with polymer donor PBDB-T (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]) relative the other two UF-NFAs, resulting in improved exciton dissociation and charge tranport. Consequently, photovoltaic devices based on BCIC2F delivered a promising power conversion efficiency of 12.4 % with an exceptionally high short-circuit current density of 22.1 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2120, USA
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12
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Chang X, Balooch Qarai M, Spano FC. HJ-aggregates of donor-acceptor-donor oligomers and polymers. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034905. [PMID: 34293903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A vibronic exciton model is developed to account for the spectral signatures of HJ-aggregates of oligomers and polymers containing donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) repeat units. In (DAD)N π-stacks, J-aggregate-promoting intrachain interactions compete with H-aggregate-promoting interchain interactions. The latter includes Coulombic coupling, which arises from "side-by-side" fragment transition dipole moments as well as intermolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is enhanced in geometries with substantial overlap between donors on one chain and acceptors on a neighboring chain. J-behavior is dominant in single (DAD)N chains with enhanced intrachain order as evidenced by an increased red-shift in the low-energy absorption band along with a heightened A1/A2 peak ratio, where A1 and A2 are the oscillator strengths of the first two vibronic peaks in the progression sourced by the symmetric quinoidal-aromatic vibration. By contrast, the positive H-promoting interchain Coulomb interactions operative in aggregates cause the vibronic ratio to attenuate, similar to what has been established in H-aggregates of homopolymers such as P3HT. An attenuated A1/A2 ratio can also be caused by H-promoting ICT which occurs when the electron and hole transfer integrals are out-of-phase. In this case, the A1 peak is red-shifted, in contrast to conventional Kasha H-aggregates. With slight modifications, the ratio formula derived previously for P3HT aggregates is shown to apply to (DAD)N aggregates as well, allowing one to determine the effective free-exciton interchain coupling from the A1/A2 ratio. Applications are made to polymers based on 2T-DPP-2T and 2T-BT-2T repeat units, where the importance of the admixture of the excited acceptor state in the lowest energy band is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | | | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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13
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Sordini L, Garrudo FFF, Rodrigues CAV, Linhardt RJ, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Morgado J. Effect of Electrical Stimulation Conditions on Neural Stem Cells Differentiation on Cross-Linked PEDOT:PSS Films. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:591838. [PMID: 33681153 PMCID: PMC7928331 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.591838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to culture and differentiate neural stem cells (NSCs) to generate functional neural populations is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to enable cell-therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that electrical stimulation improves neuronal differentiation of stem cells populations, highlighting the importance of the development of electroconductive biocompatible materials for NSC culture and differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report the use of the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS CLEVIOS P AI 4083) for the manufacture of conductive substrates. Two different protocols, using different cross-linkers (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and divinyl sulfone (DVS) were tested to enhance their stability in aqueous environments. Both cross-linking treatments influence PEDOT:PSS properties, namely conductivity and contact angle. However, only GOPS-cross-linked films demonstrated to maintain conductivity and thickness during their incubation in water for 15 days. GOPS-cross-linked films were used to culture ReNcell-VM under different electrical stimulation conditions (AC, DC, and pulsed DC electrical fields). The polymeric substrate exhibits adequate physicochemical properties to promote cell adhesion and growth, as assessed by Alamar Blue® assay, both with and without the application of electric fields. NSCs differentiation was studied by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study demonstrates that the pulsed DC stimulation (1 V/cm for 12 days), is the most efficient at enhancing the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordini
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Balooch Qarai M, Chang X, Spano FC. Vibronic exciton model for low bandgap donor–acceptor polymers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0029193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - F. C. Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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15
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Attar AR, Chang HT, Britz A, Zhang X, Lin MF, Krishnamoorthy A, Linker T, Fritz D, Neumark DM, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Ajayan P, Vashishta P, Bergmann U, Leone SR. Simultaneous Observation of Carrier-Specific Redistribution and Coherent Lattice Dynamics in 2H-MoTe 2 with Femtosecond Core-Level Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15829-15840. [PMID: 33085888 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We employ few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal simultaneously the intra- and interband carrier relaxation and the light-induced structural dynamics in nanoscale thin films of layered 2H-MoTe2 semiconductor. By interrogating the valence electronic structure via localized Te 4d (39-46 eV) and Mo 4p (35-38 eV) core levels, the relaxation of the photoexcited hole distribution is directly observed in real time. We obtain hole thermalization and cooling times of 15 ± 5 fs and 380 ± 90 fs, respectively, and an electron-hole recombination time of 1.5 ± 0.1 ps. Furthermore, excitations of coherent out-of-plane A1g (5.1 THz) and in-plane E1g (3.7 THz) lattice vibrations are visualized through oscillations in the XUV absorption spectra. By comparison to Bethe-Salpeter equation simulations, the spectral changes are mapped to real-space excited-state displacements of the lattice along the dominant A1g coordinate. By directly and simultaneously probing the excited carrier distribution dynamics and accompanying femtosecond lattice displacement in 2H-MoTe2 within a single experiment, our work provides a benchmark for understanding the interplay between electronic and structural dynamics in photoexcited nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Attar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hung-Tzu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Britz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aravind Krishnamoorthy
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Linker
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - David Fritz
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pulickel Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Opoku H, Lee JH, Nketia-Yawson B, Bae S, Lee JJ, Ahn H, Jo JW. Configurationally Random Polythiophene for Improved Polymer Ordering and Charge-Transporting Ability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40599-40606. [PMID: 32805855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Random polythiophene polymers are characterized by the arbitrary sequences of monomeric units along polymer backbones. These untailored orientations generally result in the twisting of thiophene rings out of the conjugation planarity in addition to steric repulsions experienced among substituted alkyl chains. These tendencies have limited close polymer packing, which has been detrimental to charge transport in these moieties. To ameliorate charge transport in these classes of polymers, we make use of simple Stille coupling polymerization to synthesize highly random polythiophene polymers. We induced a positive microstructural change between polymer chains by attuning the ratio between alkyl-substituted and nonalkyl-substituted monomer units along the backbones. The optimized random polythiophene was found to have enhanced intermolecular interaction, increased size of crystallites, and stronger tendency to take edge orientation compared with both regiorandom and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymers. Incorporation of the optimized random polythiophene as an active material in solid-state electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors exhibited better performance than the control device using regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), with a high hole mobility up to 4.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Opoku
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Bae
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chonan, Chungcheongnam 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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17
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Brohmann M, Wieland S, Angstenberger S, Herrmann NJ, Lüttgens J, Fazzi D, Zaumseil J. Guiding Charge Transport in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Local Optical Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28392-28403. [PMID: 32476400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable, ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated with dense networks of polymer-sorted, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in top-gate geometry with photochromic molecules mixed in the polymer matrix of the gate dielectric. Both hole and electron transport are strongly affected by the presence of spiropyran and its photoisomer merocyanine. A strong and persistent reduction of charge carrier mobilities and thus drain currents upon UV illumination (photoisomerization) and its recovery by annealing give these SWCNT transistors the basic properties of optical memory devices. Temperature-dependent mobility measurements and density functional theory calculations indicate scattering of charge carriers by the large dipoles of the merocyanine molecules and electron trapping by protonated merocyanine as the underlying mechanism. The direct dependence of carrier mobility on UV exposure is employed to pattern high- and low-resistance areas within the FET channel and thus to guide charge transport through the nanotube network along predefined paths with micrometer resolution. Near-infrared electroluminescence imaging enables the direct visualization of such patterned current pathways with good contrast. Elaborate mobility and thus current density patterns can be created by local optical switching, visualized and erased again by reverse isomerization through heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brohmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Wieland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Angstenberger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas J Herrmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüttgens
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität zu Köln, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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He K, Li X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Kumar P, Ngai JHL, Wang J, Li Y. D‐A Polymer with a Donor Backbone ‐ Acceptor‐side‐chain Structure for Organic Solar Cells. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
- Institute of ChemistryHenan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
- Institute of ChemistryHenan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jenner H. L. Ngai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of ChemistryHenan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN)University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada
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19
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Zorn N, Scuratti F, Berger FJ, Perinot A, Heimfarth D, Caironi M, Zaumseil J. Probing Mobile Charge Carriers in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Charge Modulation Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2412-2423. [PMID: 31999430 PMCID: PMC7045696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed networks of semiconducting, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable attention as materials for next-generation electronic devices and circuits. However, the impact of the SWCNT network composition on charge transport on a microscopic level remains an open and complex question. Here, we use charge-modulated absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy to probe exclusively the mobile charge carriers in monochiral (6,5) and mixed SWCNT network field-effect transistors. Ground-state bleaching and charge-induced trion absorption features as well as exciton quenching are observed depending on applied voltage and modulation frequency. Through correlation of the modulated mobile carrier density and the optical response of the nanotubes, we find that charge transport in mixed SWCNT networks depends strongly on the diameter and thus bandgap of the individual species. Mobile charges are preferentially transported by small bandgap SWCNTs especially at low gate voltages, whereas large bandgap species only start to participate at higher carrier concentrations. Our results demonstrate the excellent suitability of modulation spectroscopy to investigate charge transport in nanotube network transistors and highlight the importance of SWCNT network composition for their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Scuratti
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Perinot
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Heimfarth
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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