1
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Yang Y, Kong X, Niu B, Yang J, Chen Q. Differences in Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Effects on Virulence and Drug Resistance of Different Strains. Foods 2024; 13:1076. [PMID: 38611380 PMCID: PMC11011679 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as one of the primary pathogens responsible for foodborne illnesses. The ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms notably increases its resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin and tetracycline, making it exceedingly difficult to eradicate. Residual bacteria within the processing environment can contaminate food products, thereby posing a significant risk to public health. In this study, we used crystal violet staining to assess the biofilm-forming capacity of seven L. monocytogenes strains and identified ATCC 19112 as the strain with the most potent biofilm-forming. Subsequent fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that the biofilm-forming capacity was markedly enhanced after two days of culture. Then, we investigated into the factors contributing to biofilm formation and demonstrated that strains with more robust extracellular polymer secretion and self-agglutination capabilities exhibited a more pronounced ability to form biofilms. No significant correlation was found between surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation capability. In addition, we found that after biofilm formation, the adhesion and invasion of cells were enhanced and drug resistance increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that the formation of biofilm makes L. monocytogenes more virulent and more difficult to remove by antibiotics. Lastly, utilizing RT-PCR, we detected the expression levels of genes associated with biofilm formation, including those involved in quorum sensing (QS), flagellar synthesis, and extracellular polymer production. These genes were significantly upregulated after biofilm formation. These findings underscore the critical relationship between extracellular polymers, self-agglutination abilities, and biofilm formation. In conclusion, the establishment of biofilms not only enhances L. monocytogenes' capacity for cell invasion and adhesion but also significantly increases its resistance to drugs, presenting a substantial threat to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
| | - Jielin Yang
- Technical Centre for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
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2
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wu H, Wang L, Wang H, Lu Z. Characterization of Hsp17, a Novel Small Heat Shock Protein, in Sphingomonas melonis TY under Heat Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0136023. [PMID: 37436164 PMCID: PMC10434288 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01360-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses. Temperature is considered one of the most important environmental factors affecting microbial growth and survival. As ubiquitous environmental microorganisms, Sphingomonas species play essential roles in the biodegradation of organic contaminants, plant protection, and environmental remediation. Understanding the mechanism by which they respond to heat shock will help further improve cell resistance by applying synthetic biological strategies. Here, we assessed the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of Sphingomonas melonis TY to heat shock and found that stressful conditions caused significant changes in functional genes related to protein synthesis at the transcriptional level. The most notable changes observed were increases in the transcription (1,857-fold) and protein expression (11-fold) of Hsp17, which belongs to the small heat shock protein family, and the function of Hsp17 in heat stress was further investigated in this study. We found that the deletion of hsp17 reduced the capacity of the cells to tolerate high temperatures, whereas the overexpression of hsp17 significantly enhanced the ability of the cells to withstand high temperatures. Moreover, the heterologous expression of hsp17 in Escherichia coli DH5α conferred to the bacterium the ability to resist heat stress. Interestingly, its cells were elongated and formed connected cells following the increase in temperature, while hsp17 overexpression restored their normal morphology under high temperature. In general, these results indicate that the novel small heat shock protein Hsp17 greatly contributes to maintaining cell viability and morphology under stress conditions. IMPORTANCE Temperature is generally considered the most important factor affecting metabolic functions and the survival of microbes. As molecular chaperones, small heat shock proteins can prevent damaged protein aggregation during abiotic stress, especially heat stress. Sphingomonas species are widely distributed in nature, and they can frequently be found in various extreme environments. However, the role of small heat shock proteins in Sphingomonas under high-temperature stress has not been elucidated. This study greatly enhances our understanding of a novel identified protein, Hsp17, in S. melonis TY in terms of its ability to resist heat stress and maintain cell morphology under high temperature, leading to a broader understanding of how microbes adapt to environmental extremes. Furthermore, our study will provide potential heat resistance elements for further enhancing cellular resistance as well as the synthetic biological applications of Sphingomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvjing Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Yu Z, Zhang W, Yang H, Chou SH, Galperin MY, He J. Gas and light: triggers of c-di-GMP-mediated regulation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad034. [PMID: 37339911 PMCID: PMC10505747 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is responsible for regulating many important physiological functions such as biofilm formation, motility, cell differentiation, and virulence. The synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP in bacterial cells depend, respectively, on diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Since c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes (CMEs) are often fused to sensory domains, their activities are likely controlled by environmental signals, thereby altering cellular c-di-GMP levels and regulating bacterial adaptive behaviors. Previous studies on c-di-GMP-mediated regulation mainly focused on downstream signaling pathways, including the identification of CMEs, cellular c-di-GMP receptors, and c-di-GMP-regulated processes. The mechanisms of CME regulation by upstream signaling modules received less attention, resulting in a limited understanding of the c-di-GMP regulatory networks. We review here the diversity of sensory domains related to bacterial CME regulation. We specifically discuss those domains that are capable of sensing gaseous or light signals and the mechanisms they use for regulating cellular c-di-GMP levels. It is hoped that this review would help refine the complete c-di-GMP regulatory networks and improve our understanding of bacterial behaviors in changing environments. In practical terms, this may eventually provide a way to control c-di-GMP-mediated bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - He Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Jin He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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4
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Yoon CK, Lee SH, Zhang J, Lee HY, Kim MK, Seok YJ. HPr prevents FruR-mediated facilitation of RNA polymerase binding to the fru promoter in Vibrio cholerae. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5432-5448. [PMID: 36987873 PMCID: PMC10287919 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation state-dependent interactions of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) components with transcription factors play a key role in carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose in bacteria. Glucose inhibits the PTS-dependent transport of fructose and is preferred over fructose in Vibrio cholerae, but the mechanism is unknown. We have recently shown that, contrary to Escherichia coli, the fructose-dependent transcriptional regulator FruR acts as an activator of the fru operon in V. cholerae and binding of the FruR-fructose 1-phosphate (F1P) complex to an operator facilitates RNA polymerase (RNAP) binding to the fru promoter. Here we show that, in the presence of glucose, dephosphorylated HPr, a general PTS component, binds to FruR. Whereas HPr does not affect DNA-binding affinity of FruR, regardless of the presence of F1P, it prevents the FruR-F1P complex from facilitating the binding of RNAP to the fru promoter. Structural and biochemical analyses of the FruR-HPr complex identify key residues responsible for the V. cholerae-specific FruR-HPr interaction not observed in E. coli. Finally, we reveal how the dephosphorylated HPr interacts with FruR in V. cholerae, whereas the phosphorylated HPr binds to CcpA, which is a global regulator of CCR in Bacillus subtilis and shows structural similarity to FruR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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5
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Baek J, Yoon H. Cyclic di-GMP Modulates a Metabolic Flux for Carbon Utilization in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0368522. [PMID: 36744926 PMCID: PMC10100716 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03685-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen spreading via the fecal-oral route. Transmission across humans, animals, and environmental reservoirs has forced this pathogen to rapidly respond to changing environments and adapt to new environmental conditions. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that controls the transition between planktonic and sessile lifestyles, in response to environmental cues. Our study reveals the potential of c-di-GMP to alter the carbon metabolic pathways in S. Typhimurium. Cyclic di-GMP overproduction decreased the transcription of genes that encode components of three phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) allocated for the uptake of glucose (PTSGlc), mannose (PTSMan), and fructose (PTSFru). PTS gene downregulation by c-di-GMP was alleviated in the absence of the three regulators, SgrS, Mlc, and Cra, suggesting their intermediary roles between c-di-GMP and PTS regulation. Moreover, Cra was found to bind to the promoters of ptsG, manX, and fruB. In contrast, c-di-GMP increased the transcription of genes important for gluconeogenesis. However, this effect of c-di-GMP in gluconeogenesis disappeared in the absence of Cra, indicating that Cra is a pivotal regulator that coordinates the carbon flux between PTS-mediated sugar uptake and gluconeogenesis, in response to cellular c-di-GMP concentrations. Since gluconeogenesis supplies precursor sugars required for extracellular polysaccharide production, Salmonella may exploit c-di-GMP as a dual-purpose signal that rewires carbon flux from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis and promotes biofilm formation using the end products of gluconeogenesis. This study sheds light on a new role for c-di-GMP in modulating carbon flux, to coordinate bacterial behavior in response to hostile environments. IMPORTANCE Cyclic di-GMP is a central signaling molecule that determines the transition between motile and nonmotile lifestyles in many bacteria. It stimulates biofilm formation at high concentrations but leads to biofilm dispersal and planktonic status at low concentrations. This study provides new insights into the role of c-di-GMP in programming carbon metabolic pathways. An increase in c-di-GMP downregulated the expression of PTS genes important for sugar uptake, while simultaneously upregulating the transcription of genes important for bacterial gluconeogenesis. The directly opposing effects of c-di-GMP on sugar metabolism were mediated by Cra (catabolite repressor/activator), a dual transcriptional regulator that modulates the direction of carbon flow. Salmonella may potentially harness c-di-GMP to promote its survival and fitness in hostile environments via the coordination of carbon metabolic pathways and the induction of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Elongation factor P modulates Acinetobacter baumannii physiology and virulence as a cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate effector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209838119. [PMID: 36191190 PMCID: PMC9564936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209838119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is widely used by bacteria to control biological functions in response to diverse signals or cues. A previous study showed that potential c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes play a role in the regulation of biofilm formation and motility in Acinetobacter baumannii. However, it was unclear whether and how A. baumannii cells use c-di-GMP signaling to modulate biological functions. Here, we report that c-di-GMP is an important intracellular signal in the modulation of biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in A. baumannii. The intracellular level of c-di-GMP is principally controlled by the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) A1S_1695, A1S_2506, and A1S_3296 and the phosphodiesterase (PDE) A1S_1254. Intriguingly, we revealed that A1S_2419 (an elongation factor P [EF-P]), is a novel c-di-GMP effector in A. baumannii. Response to a c-di-GMP signal boosted A1S_2419 activity to rescue ribosomes from stalling during synthesis of proteins containing consecutive prolines and thus regulate A. baumannii physiology and pathogenesis. Our study presents a unique and widely conserved effector that controls bacterial physiology and virulence by sensing the second messenger c-di-GMP.
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7
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A mannose-sensing AraC-type transcriptional activator regulates cell–cell aggregation of Vibrio cholerae. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:65. [PMID: 35987769 PMCID: PMC9392796 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to catalyzing coupled transport and phosphorylation of carbohydrates, the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) regulates various physiological processes in most bacteria. Therefore, the transcription of genes encoding the PTS is precisely regulated by transcriptional regulators depending on substrate availability. As the distribution of the mannose-specific PTS (PTSMan) is limited to animal-associated bacteria, it has been suggested to play an important role in host-bacteria interactions. In Vibrio cholerae, mannose is known to inhibit biofilm formation. During host infection, the transcription level of the V. cholerae gene encoding the putative PTSMan (hereafter referred to as manP) significantly increases, and mutations in this gene increase host survival rate. Herein, we show that an AraC-type transcriptional regulator (hereafter referred to as ManR) acts as a transcriptional activator of the mannose operon and is responsible for V. cholerae growth and biofilm inhibition on a mannose or fructose-supplemented medium. ManR activates mannose operon transcription by facilitating RNA polymerase binding to the promoter in response to mannose 6-phosphate and, to a lesser extent, to fructose 1-phosphate. When manP or manR is impaired, the mannose-induced inhibition of biofilm formation was reversed and intestinal colonization was significantly reduced in a Drosophila melanogaster infection model. Our results show that ManR recognizes mannose and fructose in the environment and facilitates V. cholerae survival in the host.
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8
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Teschler JK, Nadell CD, Drescher K, Yildiz FH. Mechanisms Underlying Vibrio cholerae Biofilm Formation and Dispersion. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:503-532. [PMID: 35671532 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111021-053553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model bacterium Vibrio cholerae and summarize the current understanding of biofilm formation, including initial attachment, matrix components, community dynamics, social interactions, molecular regulation, and dispersal. The regulatory network that orchestrates the decision to form and disperse from biofilms coordinates various environmental inputs. These cues are integrated by several transcription factors, regulatory RNAs, and second-messenger molecules, including bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Through complex mechanisms, V. cholerae weighs the energetic cost of forming biofilms against the benefits of protection and social interaction that biofilms provide. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Teschler
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA;
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Fitnat H Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA;
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9
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Bridges AA, Prentice JA, Fei C, Wingreen NS, Bassler BL. Quantitative input-output dynamics of a c-di-GMP signal transduction cascade in Vibrio cholerae. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001585. [PMID: 35302986 PMCID: PMC8967002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are multicellular communities that collectively overcome environmental threats and clinical treatments. To regulate the biofilm lifecycle, bacteria commonly transduce sensory information via the second messenger molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). Using experimental and modeling approaches, we quantitatively capture c-di-GMP signal transmission via the bifunctional polyamine receptor NspS-MbaA, from ligand binding to output, in the pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Upon binding of norspermidine or spermidine, NspS-MbaA synthesizes or degrades c-di-GMP, respectively, which, in turn, drives alterations specifically to biofilm gene expression. A long-standing question is how output specificity is achieved via c-di-GMP, a diffusible molecule that regulates dozens of effectors. We show that NspS-MbaA signals locally to specific effectors, sensitizing V. cholerae to polyamines. However, local signaling is not required for specificity, as changes to global cytoplasmic c-di-GMP levels can selectively regulate biofilm genes. This work establishes the input-output dynamics underlying c-di-GMP signaling, which could be useful for developing bacterial manipulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bridges
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jojo A. Prentice
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chenyi Fei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ned S. Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NSW); (BLB)
| | - Bonnie L. Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NSW); (BLB)
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10
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Heo K, Lee JW, Jang Y, Kwon S, Lee J, Seok C, Ha NC, Seok YJ. A pGpG-specific phosphodiesterase regulates cyclic di-GMP signaling in Vibrio cholerae. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101626. [PMID: 35074425 PMCID: PMC8861645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial second messenger bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) controls various cellular processes, including motility, toxin production, and biofilm formation. c-di-GMP is enzymatically synthesized by GGDEF domain–containing diguanylate cyclases and degraded by HD-GYP domain–containing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to 2 GMP or by EAL domain–containing PDE-As to 5ʹ-phosphoguanylyl-(3ʹ,5ʹ)-guanosine (pGpG). Since excess pGpG feedback inhibits PDE-A activity and thereby can lead to the uncontrolled accumulation of c-di-GMP, a PDE that degrades pGpG to 2 GMP (PDE-B) has been presumed to exist. To date, the only enzyme known to hydrolyze pGpG is oligoribonuclease Orn, which degrades all kinds of oligoribonucleotides. Here, we identified a pGpG-specific PDE, which we named PggH, using biochemical approaches in the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Biochemical experiments revealed that PggH exhibited specific PDE activity only toward pGpG, thus differing from the previously reported Orn. Furthermore, the high-resolution structure of PggH revealed the basis for its PDE activity and narrow substrate specificity. Finally, we propose that PggH could modulate the activities of PDE-As and the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP, resulting in phenotypic changes including in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo Heo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaok Seok
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yoon JH, Jeon MS, Eyun SI, Seok YJ. Evidence for reciprocal evolution of the global repressor Mlc and its cognate phosphotransferase system sugar transporter. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:122-136. [PMID: 34708498 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Because the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in addition to carbohydrate transport, its expression is precisely regulated in response to the availability of PTS sugars. The PTS consists of enzyme I and histidine phosphocarrier protein, and several sugar-specific enzymes II. In Escherichia coli, genes for enzymes II specific for glucose and related sugars are co-regulated by the global repressor Mlc, and glucose induction of the Mlc regulon genes is achieved by its interaction with glucose-specific enzyme II (EIIGlc ). In this study, we revealed that, in Vibrio species, which are phylogenetically older than Enterobacteriaceae, the membrane sequestration of Mlc and thereby the induction of its regulon genes is mediated by N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-specific EII. While Vibrio Mlc interacts only with the EIIB domain of EIINag , E. coli Mlc interacts with the EIIB domain of both EIIGlc and EIINag . The present data suggest that EIINag may be the primordial regulator of Mlc, and EIIGlc has evolved to interact with Mlc since an EIIA domain was fused to EIINag in Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings provide insight into the coevolutionary dynamics between a transcription factor and its cognate regulator according to long-term resource availability in the bacterial natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Yoon
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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An Intracellular Sensing and Signal Transduction System That Regulates the Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bacteria. mSystems 2021; 6:e0063621. [PMID: 34609168 PMCID: PMC8547461 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00636-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria utilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) as carbon and energy sources for growth. These bacteria play an important role in the amelioration of PAH pollution in various environments. However, it is unclear how bacteria sense PAHs and how PAH degradation pathways are regulated via signal transduction. Here, we investigated these mechanisms in Cycloclasticus, a ubiquitous PAH-degrading bacterium in marine environments. We identified the key genes involved in intracellular PAH sensing, signal transduction, and the differential regulation of degradation pathways for each PAH examined. Our results showed that PAHs bind specifically to a diguanylate cyclase PdgC, leading to the generation of cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), which subsequently binds to two CRP/FNR family regulators, DPR-1 and DPR-2. c-di-GMP activates the transcription of DPR-1 and DPR-2 to positively regulate degradation pathways specific to pyrene and phenanthrene/naphthalene, respectively. This is the first report of an intracellular signal transduction pathway associated with PAH degradation in bacteria. Our results improve our understanding of the intracellular responses to PAHs. The existence of the identified genes in other bacteria indicates that the strategy described here is widely used by other PAH-degrading bacteria. IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed and have been found indoors, in the atmosphere, in terrestrial soils, in marine waters and sediments, and even in outer space. Bacteria degrade PAHs via degradation pathways. PAH signal sensing and transduction, as well as the regulation of PAH degradation pathways, are crucial for bacterial PAH biodegradation. However, prior to this study, these processes were poorly known. This study employed multiple molecular approaches to better understand the regulatory networks controlling PAH metabolism in bacteria. This report illustrates, for the first time, PAH-specific intracellular sensing, signal transduction, and metabolic regulatory pathways. Our results will help to increase our understanding of the hydrocarbon-metabolism regulatory network as well as the regulatory intricacies that control microbial biodegradation of organic matter. These key data should be considered to improve the rational design and efficiency of recombinant biodegradable, bacterial biosensors, and biocatalysts in modern green chemistry.
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Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signal transduction systems provide bacteria with the ability to sense changing cell status or environmental conditions and then execute suitable physiological and social behaviors in response. In this review, we provide a comprehensive census of the stimuli and receptors that are linked to the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP. Emerging evidence indicates that c-di-GMP networks sense light, surfaces, energy, redox potential, respiratory electron acceptors, temperature, and structurally diverse biotic and abiotic chemicals. Bioinformatic analysis of sensory domains in diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases as well as the receptor complexes associated with them reveals that these functions are linked to a diverse repertoire of protein domain families. We describe the principles of stimulus perception learned from studying these modular sensory devices, illustrate how they are assembled in varied combinations with output domains, and summarize a system for classifying these sensor proteins based on their complexity. Biological information processing via c-di-GMP signal transduction not only is fundamental to bacterial survival in dynamic environments but also is being used to engineer gene expression circuitry and synthetic proteins with à la carte biochemical functionalities.
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Kang D, Ham HI, Lee SH, Cho YJ, Kim YR, Yoon CK, Seok YJ. Functional dissection of the phosphotransferase system provides insight into the prevalence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the host intestinal environment. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4726-4740. [PMID: 34296500 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a dominant member of healthy human colon microbiota, regarded as a beneficial gut bacterium due to its ability to produce anti-inflammatory substances. However, little is known about how F. prausnitzii utilizes the nutrients present in the human gut, influencing its prevalence in the host intestinal environment. The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a widely distributed and highly efficient carbohydrate transport system found in most bacterial species that catalyses the simultaneous phosphorylation and import of cognate carbohydrates; its components play physiological roles through interaction with other regulatory proteins. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of the 16 genes encoding putative PTS components (2 enzyme I, 2 HPr, and 12 enzyme II components) in F. prausnitzii A2-165. We identified the general PTS components responsible for the PEP-dependent phosphotransfer reaction and the sugar-specific PTS components involved in the transport of two carbohydrates, N-acetylglucosamine and fructose, among five enzyme II complexes. We suggest that the dissection of the functional PTS in F. prausnitzii may help to understand how this species outcompetes other bacterial species in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-In Ham
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liu Y, Liu B, Xu T, Wang Q, Li W, Wu J, Zheng X, Liu B, Liu R, Liu X, Guo X, Feng L, Wang L. A fructose/H + symporter controlled by a LacI-type regulator promotes survival of pandemic Vibrio cholerae in seawater. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4649. [PMID: 34330925 PMCID: PMC8324912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Vibrio cholerae can colonize the human intestine and cause cholera, but spends much of its life cycle in seawater. The pathogen must adapt to substantial environmental changes when moving between seawater and the human intestine, including different availability of carbon sources such as fructose. Here, we use in vitro experiments as well as mouse intestinal colonization assays to study the mechanisms used by pandemic V. cholerae to adapt to these environmental changes. We show that a LacI-type regulator (FruI) and a fructose/H+ symporter (FruT) are important for fructose uptake at low fructose concentrations, as those found in seawater. FruT is downregulated by FruI, which is upregulated when O2 concentrations are low (as in the intestine) by ArcAB, a two-component system known to respond to changes in oxygen levels. As a result, the bacteria predominantly use FruT for fructose uptake under seawater conditions (low fructose, high O2), and use a known fructose phosphotransferase system (PTS, Fpr) for fructose uptake under conditions found in the intestine. PTS activity leads to reduced levels of intracellular cAMP, which in turn upregulate virulence genes. Our results indicate that the FruT/FruI system may be important for survival of pandemic V. cholerae in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wendi Li
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Wu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xi Guo
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China ,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, P. R. China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P.R. China ,grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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16
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Jiang F, Lei T, Wang Z, He M, Zhang J, Wang J, Zeng H, Chen M, Xue L, Ye Q, Pang R, Wu S, Gu Q, Ding Y, Wu Q. A Novel Gene vp0610 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656380. [PMID: 33897670 PMCID: PMC8064395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen and its biofilm formation ability facilitates its colonization and persistence in foods by protecting it from stresses including environmental variation and antibiotic exposure. Several important proteins are involved in biofilm formation; however, the identity and function of many remain unknown. In this study, we discovered a hypothetical protein, VP0610 that negatively regulates biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and we found that the loss of vp0610 typically results in pleiotropic phenotypes that contribute toward promoting biofilm formation, including significantly increased insoluble exopolysaccharide production and swimming motility, decreased soluble exopolysaccharide production, and decreased bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate production. Pull-down assays revealed that VP0610 can interact with 180 proteins, some of which (Hfq, VP0710, VP0793, and CyaA) participate in biofilm formation. Moreover, deleting vp0610 enhanced the expression of genes responsible for biofilm component (flaE), the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) EIIA component (vp0710 and vp0793), and a high-density regulator of quorum sensing (opaR), while reducing the expression of the bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate degradation protein (CdgC), resulting in faster biofilm formation. Taken together, our results indicate that vp0610 is an integral member of the key biofilm regulatory network of V. parahaemolyticus that functions as a repressor of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufeng Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Agius JE, Phalen DN, Rose K, Eden JS. Genomic Insights Into the Pathogenicity of a Novel Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus sp. Bacteria ( Enterococcus lacertideformus) Identified in Reptiles. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635208. [PMID: 33737921 PMCID: PMC7960928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome analysis of a novel species of enterococci, Enterococcus lacertideformus, causing multi-systemic and invariably fatal disease in critically endangered Christmas Island reptiles was undertaken to determine the genetic elements and potential mechanisms conferring its pathogenic nature, biofilm-forming capabilities, immune recognition avoidance, and inability to grow in vitro. Comparative genomic analyses with related and clinically significant enterococci were further undertaken to infer the evolutionary history of the bacterium and identify genes both novel and absent. The genome had a G + C content of 35.1%, consisted of a circular chromosome, no plasmids, and was 2,419,934 bp in length (2,321 genes, 47 tRNAs, and 13 rRNAs). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of multiple E. lacertideformus samples revealed they were effectively indistinguishable from one another and highly clonal. E. lacertideformus was found to be located within the Enterococcus faecium species clade and was closely related to Enterococcus villorum F1129D based on 16S rDNA and MLST house-keeping gene analysis. Antimicrobial resistance (DfreE, EfrB, tetM, bcrRABD, and sat4) and virulence genes (Fss3 and ClpP), and genes conferring tolerance to metals and biocides (n = 9) were identified. The detection of relatively few genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence indicates that this bacterium may have had no exposure to recently developed and clinically significant antibiotics. Genes potentially imparting beneficial functional properties were identified, including prophages, insertion elements, integrative conjugative elements, and genomic islands. Functional CRISPR-Cas arrays, and a defective prophage region were identified in the genome. The study also revealed many genomic loci unique to E. lacertideformus which contained genes enriched in cell wall/membrane/envelop biogenesis, and carbohydrate metabolism and transport functionality. This finding and the detection of putative enterococcal biofilm determinants (EfaAfs, srtC, and scm) may underpin the novel biofilm phenotype observed for this bacterium. Comparative analysis of E. lacertideformus with phylogenetically related and clinically significant enterococci (E. villorum F1129D, Enterococcus hirae R17, E. faecium AUS0085, and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF) revealed an absence of genes (n = 54) in E. lacertideformus, that encode metabolic functionality, which potentially hinders nutrient acquisition and/or utilization by the bacterium and precludes growth in vitro. These data provide genetic insights into the previously determined phenotype and pathogenic nature of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Esther Agius
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - David Norton Phalen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - John-Sebastian Eden
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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18
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Liu L, Xiao X, Li K, Li X, Yu K, Liao X, Shi B. Prevention of Bacterial Colonization Based on Self-Assembled Metal-Phenolic Nanocoating from Rare-Earth Ions and Catechin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22237-22245. [PMID: 32312042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinically related infection is a critical risk for human health and is usually caused by biofilm formation on medical devices. Herein, typical polyphenols, catechin (Cat), and rare-earth ions (Re3+) were used for self-assembled Cat-Re nanoparticles that can be facilely coated on the surface of a polyamide (PA) membrane to synergistically prevent bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. The antibacterial adhesion feature of the assembled Cat-Re nanoparticles coated on the PA membrane surface was assessed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, as probe bacteria under static and dynamic simulation flow conditions. The Cat-Re nanocoating showed excellent antibacterial and anti-adhesion activities against P. aeruginosa and successfully prevented biofilm formation on the material's surface. Regardless of the conditions, the Cat-Re nanocoating significantly suppressed the growth and attachment of P. aeruginosa and maintained >90% inhibition activity with favorable reusability and long-term stability. The results suggest that the self-assembled rare-earth-phenolic nanocoating has promising application potential in the prevention of medical device-related biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xuepin Liao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
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