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Lin X, Li Q, Tang Y, Chen Z, Chen R, Sun Y, Lin W, Yi G, Li Q. Physical Unclonable Functions with Hyperspectral Imaging System for Ultrafast Storage and Authentication Enabled by Random Structural Color Domains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401983. [PMID: 38894574 PMCID: PMC11336904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable function (PUF) is attractive in modern encryption technologies. Addressing the disadvantage of slow data storage/authentication in optical PUF is paramount for practical applications but remains an on-going challenge. Here, a highly efficient PUF strategy based on random structural color domains (SCDs) of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is proposed for the first time, combing with hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) for ultrafast storage and authentication. By controlling the growth and fusion behavior of the tactoids of CNC, the SCDs display an irregular and random distribution of colors, shapes, sizes, and reflectance spectra, which grant unique and inherent fingerprint-like characteristics that are non-duplicated. Based on images and spectra, these fingerprint features are used to develop two sets of PUF key generation methods, which can be respectively authenticated at the user-end and the manufacturer-front-end that achieving a high coding capacity of at least 22304. Notably, the use of HIS greatly shortens the time of key reading and generation (≈5 s for recording, 0.5-0.7 s for authentication). This new optical PUF labels can not only solve slow data storage and complicated authentication in optical PUF, but also impulse the development of CNC in industrial applications by reducing color uniformity requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang CenterJieyang515200China
| | - Quhai Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189China
| | - Zhaohan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Yingjuan Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang CenterJieyang515200China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang CenterJieyang515200China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang CenterJieyang515200China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189China
- Materials Science Graduate ProgramKent State UniversityKentOH44242USA
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2
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Han Y, Bao S, Shi B, Wu J, Wang B, Ding P, Chen Q. Fast and Accurate Recognition of Perovskite Fluorescent Anti-counterfeiting Labels Based on Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39052538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Anti-counterfeiting technology has always been a key issue in the field of information security. Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) labels, which are random patterns produced by a stochastic process, emerge as an effective anti-counterfeiting strategy due to the inherent randomness of their physical patterns. In this study, we developed a high-throughput droplet array generation technique based on surface tension confinement to prepare perovskite crystal films with controllable shapes and sizes. We utilized the random distribution of perovskite nanocrystal particles to construct the PUF textures of the labels. Compared to other anti-counterfeiting labels, our labels not only possess fluorescent properties but also feature microscale dimensions (less than 5.3 × 10-2mm2), low cost (less than 3 × 10-4 USD), and high encoding capacity (1.7 × 101956), providing support for multilevel anti-counterfeiting protection. Additionally, we introduce an innovative PUF recognition method based on a Partial Convolutional Network (PaCoNet), effectively addressing the limitations of previous methods, in terms of recognition accuracy and speed. Experimental validation on a data set of perovskite nanocrystal films with up to 60 different macroscopic shapes and unique microscopic textures demonstrates that our method achieves a recognition accuracy of up to 99.65% and significantly reduces the recognition time per image to just 0.177 s, highlighting the potential application of these labels in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Han
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengqi Bao
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bori Shi
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiaochuan Chen
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200444, China
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3
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Shang H, Le X, Sun Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Théato P, Chen T. Water-sensitive fluorescent microgel inks to produce verifiable information for highly secured anti-counterfeiting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2856-2864. [PMID: 38804229 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The decryption and verification of encrypted information via a simple and efficient method is always difficult and challenging in the field of information security. Herein, a series of water-sensitive fluorescent microgels are fabricated for highly secured anti-counterfeiting with authenticity identification. The initial negatively charged microgels (MG) are made up of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), acrylic acid (AAc) and anthracen-9-yl acrylate (9-ANA, blue fluorescent monomer). The prepared MGs can bind cationic fluorescent dyes such as 5-aminofluorescein (FITC, green fluorescent dye) and rhodamine B (Rh B, red fluorescent dye) via electrostatic interaction, emitting multi-fluorescent colors based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Furthermore, the fluorescence colors of MG-derived systems can be rapidly changed by swelling in water, which can block the FRET process and change the aggregation state of dyes. With the assistance of inkjet printing, multi-color security patterns can be designed and encoded, which can be revealed by UV irradiation and further verified by water stimulation. This study has pioneered a novel strategy to verify the authenticity of decrypted information, which greatly improves the security level of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Yuking Water Soluble Material Tech Co., Ltd, Banxia Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Patrick Théato
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesser Str.18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Jiao F, Lin C, Dong L, Mao X, Wu Y, Dong F, Zhang Z, Sun J, Li S, Yang X, Liu K, Wang L, Shan C. Silicon Vacancies Diamond/Silk/PVA Hierarchical Physical Unclonable Functions for Multi-Level Encryption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308337. [PMID: 38572504 PMCID: PMC11186112 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising encryption technology, utilizing intrinsic physical identifiers that offer enhanced security and tamper resistance. Multi-level PUFs boost system complexity, thereby improving system reliability and fault tolerance. However, crosstalk-free multi-level PUFs remain a persistent challenge. In this study, a hierarchical PUF system that harnesses the spontaneous phase separation of silk fibroin /PVA blend and the random distribution of silicon-vacancy diamonds within the blend is presented. The thermodynamic instability of phase separation and inherent unpredictability of diamond dispersion gives rise to intricate random patterns at two distinct scales, enabling time-efficient hierarchical authentication for cryptographic keys. These patterns are complementary yet independent, inherently resistant to replication and damage thus affording robust security and reliability to the proposed system. Furthermore, customized authentication algorithms are constructed: visual PUFs authentication utilizes neural network combined structural similarity index measure, while spectral PUFs authentication employs Hamming distance and cross-correlation bit operation. This hierarchical PUF system attains a high recognition rate without interscale crosstalk. Additionally, the coding capacity is exponentially enhanced using M-ary encoding to reinforce multi-level encryption. Hierarchical PUFs hold significant potential for immediate application, offering unprecedented data protection and cryptographic key authentication capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhang Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Xin Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities MeasurementHubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum PhysicsPGMFSchool of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Fuying Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Junlu Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Xun Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Chong‐Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
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5
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Wang Z, Wang H, Wang P, Shao Y. Robust Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Total Internal Reflection for Portable Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27926-27935. [PMID: 38743936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) utilize uncontrollable manufacturing randomness to yield cryptographic primitives. Currently, the fabrication of the most generally employed optical PUFs mainly depends on fluorescent, Raman, or plasmonic materials, which suffer inherent robustness issues. Herein, we construct an optical PUF with high environmental stability via total internal reflection (TIR-PUF) perturbed by randomly distributed polymer microspheres. The response image is transformed into encoded keys via an iterative binning procedure. The concentration of the polymer solution is optimized to debias the bit nonuniformity and maximize encoding capacity. The constructed TIR-PUF shows significantly high encoding capacity (2370) and markedly low total authentication error probability (1.614 × 10-23). The intra-Hamming distance is as low as 0.068, indicating the excellent readout reliability of TIR-PUF. The environmental stability of TIR-PUF has demonstrated promising results under a range of challenging conditions such as ultrasonic washing, high temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and severe chemical environments. Moreover, the challenge-response pairs of our TIR-PUFs are demonstrated on an authentication system with low-power dissipation, lightweight components, and wireless imaging capture, rendering the possibility of portable authentication for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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6
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Im H, Yoon J, So B, Choi J, Park DH, Kim S, Park W. Four-Dimensional Physical Unclonable Functions and Cryptographic Applications Based on Time-Varying Chaotic Phosphorescent Patterns. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11703-11716. [PMID: 38651359 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted interest in demonstrating authentication and cryptographic processes for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. We demonstrated four-dimensional PUFs (4D PUFs) to realize time-varying chaotic phosphorescent randomness on MoS2 atomic seeds. By forming hybrid states involving more than one emitter with distinct lifetimes in 4D PUFs, irregular lifetime distribution throughout patterns functions as a time-varying disorder that is impossible to replicate. Moreover, we established a bit extraction process incorporating multiple 64 bit-stream challenges and experimentally obtained physical features of 4D PUFs, producing countless random 896 bit-stream responses. Furthermore, the weak and strong PUF models were conceptualized and demonstrated based on 4D PUFs, exhibiting superior cryptological performances, including randomness, uniqueness, degree of freedom, and independent bit ratio. Finally, the data encryption and decryption in pictures were performed by a single 4D PUF. Therefore, 4D PUFs could enhance the counterfeiting deterrent of existing optical PUFs and be used as an anticounterfeiting security strategy for advanced authentication and cryptographic processes of IoT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Healin Im
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States of America
| | - Jinsik Yoon
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjun So
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Park
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li Y, Li Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Feng M, Liu L, Song F, Huang W. Dual Challenge-Response Systems of a Three-Dimensional "Bionic" Fluorescent Physically Unclonable Function Label. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38703103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the light and dark variations observed in natural cloud clusters under sunlight, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) "bionic" fluorescent physically unclonable function (PUF) label. The minimalist preparation process eliminates the need for expensive traditional instruments, thus offering new insight into the widespread adoption of 3D PUF labels. The Eu(CCA)3(H2O)2 powder, which is the first to propose its secondary building unit, was chosen as the fluorescent material. Its 3D morphology is preserved in the resin to mimic cloud-like structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties are elucidated through experimental tests and first-principles calculations. To overcome the coding capacity limitation of traditional two-dimensional (2D) fluorescent PUF labels, a dual challenge-response system model is proposed. The shallow and deep models provide anticounterfeiting information from macro and micro perspectives, respectively. This successfully increases the encoding capacity from 210×10 to 2100×10000 for a 10 × 10 pixel binary code. Therefore, 3D "bionic" fluorescent PUF labels strike a balance between the simple usage of PUF labels and enhanced label security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- School of Electronic Information, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa Liu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Song
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People's Republic of China
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Guo J, Gao Y, Pan M, Li X, Kong F, Wu M, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhao R, Ma H. Photorewriting, Time-Resolved Encryption, and Unclonable Anticounterfeiting with Artificial Intelligence Authentication via a Reversible Photoswitchable System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38682804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In the fields of photolithographic patterning, optical anticounterfeiting, and information encryption, reversible photochromic materials with solid-state fluorescence are emerging as a potential class of systems. A design strategy for reversible photochromic materials has been proposed and synthesized through the introduction of photoactive thiophene groups into the molecular backbone of aryl vinyls, compounds with unique aggregation-induced emission properties, and solid-state reversible photocontrollable fluorescence and color-changing properties. This work develops novel photochromic inks, films, and cellulose hydrogels for enhancing the security of information encryption and anticounterfeiting technologies. They achieve rapid and reversible color change under ultraviolet light irradiation. Dependent upon the rate of color change, higher levels of time-resolved security can be achieved. This feature is important for enhancing the confidentiality of encrypted information and the reliability of security labels. Color-changing cellulose hydrogels, inks, and films consisting of three photochromic fluorescent molecules have quick photoactivity, great photoreversibility and photostability, and good processability, making them ideal for time-delayed anticounterfeiting and smart encryption. Furthermore, specialized algorithms are used to construct convolutional neural networks, and image analysis is performed on these systems, thus solving the current problem of the time-consuming information decryption process. This artificial intelligence method offers new opportunities for enhanced data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Pan
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Zhao
- Harbin No.6 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Complex Traits and Protein Machines in Organisms, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
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Wang K, Shi J, Lai W, He Q, Xu J, Ni Z, Liu X, Pi X, Yang D. All-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical physical unclonable functions for integrated circuit anti-counterfeiting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3203. [PMID: 38615044 PMCID: PMC11016093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrated circuit anti-counterfeiting based on optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) plays a crucial role in guaranteeing secure identification and authentication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring optical PUFs, two critical challenges remain: incompatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and limited information entropy. Here, we demonstrate all-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs fabricated by integrating silicon (Si) metasurface and erbium-doped Si quantum dots (Er-Si QDs) with a CMOS-compatible procedure. Five in-situ optical responses have been manifested within a single pixel, rendering an ultrahigh information entropy of 2.32 bits/pixel. The position-dependent optical responses originate from the position-dependent radiation field and Purcell effect. Our evaluation highlights their potential in IoT security through advanced metrics like bit uniformity, similarity, intra- and inter-Hamming distance, false-acceptance and rejection rates, and encoding capacity. We finally demonstrate the implementation of efficient lightweight mutual authentication protocols for IoT applications by using the all-Si multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenxuan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering & National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- School of Microelectronics, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhenyi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xiaodong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Wang H, Li F, Gao X, Shao Y. Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17954-17964. [PMID: 38562008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) based on uncontrollable fabrication randomness are promising candidates for anticounterfeiting applications. Currently, the most popular optical PUFs are generally constructed from the scattering, fluorescent, or Raman phenomenon of nanomaterials. To further improve the security level of optical PUFs, advanced functions transparent to the above optical phenomenon have always been perused by researchers. Herein, we propose a new type of PUF based on the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles, which shows negligible scattering, fluorescent, or Raman responses. The gold nanoparticles are randomly dispersed onto the surface of fused silica, which can enhance the photothermal effect and facilitate high contrast responses. By tuning the areal density of the gold nanoparticles, the optimized encoding capacity (2319) and the total authentication error probability (3.6428 × 10-24) are achieved from our PUF due to excellent bit uniformity (0.519) and inter Hamming distances (0.503). Moreover, the intra-Hamming distance (0.044) indicates the desired reliability. This advanced PUF with invisible features and high contrast responses provides a promising opportunity to implement authentication and identification with high security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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11
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Yang C, Zhu K, Yan B. Efficient Multi-stimulus-Responsive Luminescent Eu(III)-Modified HOFs Materials: Detecting Thiram and Caffeic Acid and Constructing a Flexible Substrate Anti-counterfeiting Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38597280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The powerful capability of multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to respond to external chemical or physical stimuli in various manners makes them appealing in the luminescence anti-counterfeiting field. Herein, a novel Eu3+-functionalized HOF (Eu@GC-2) that combines the emission of HOFs with the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions has been successfully synthesized, which can generate various fluorescence at different excitation wavelengths. Eu@GC-2 has enormous potential as a raw material for a paper-based sensor that is designed for detecting the pesticides thiram and caffeic acid in crops with favorable selectivity, anti-interference, and high efficiency. Based on the above excellent properties, Ln3+-functionalized HOFs (Ln@GC-2) were then employed to produce four luminescent anti-counterfeiting inks. With the incorporation of back-propagation neural network and Gray code conversion functions, a multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent anti-counterfeiting platform, coregulated by the excitation light and the chemical reagent, has been constructed. This approach can not only achieve multiple encryptions and fast information identification but also enhance the code-breaking complexity, making it an efficient strategy for information encryption and decryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Kim J, Kim H, Kang H, Kim W, Chen Y, Choi J, Lee H, Rho J. A water-soluble label for food products prevents packaging waste and counterfeiting. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:293-300. [PMID: 38575840 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sustainability, humidity sensing and product origin are important features of food packaging. While waste generated from labelling and packaging causes environmental destruction, humidity can result in food spoilage during delivery and counterfeit-prone labelling undermines consumer trust. Here we introduce a food label based on a water-soluble nanocomposite ink with a high refractive index that addresses these issues. By patterning the nanocomposite ink using nanoimprint lithography, the resultant metasurface shows bright and vivid structural colours. This method makes it possible to quickly and inexpensively create patterns on large surfaces. A QR code is also developed that can provide up-to-date information on food products. Microprinting hidden in the QR code protects against counterfeiting, cannot be physically detached or replicated and may be used as a humidity indicator. Our proposed food label can reduce waste while ensuring customers receive accurate product information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Materials, Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Jonghyun Choi
- Bioengineering Technology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zhang J, Tan R, Liu Y, Albino M, Zhang W, Stevens MM, Loeffler FF. Printed smart devices for anti-counterfeiting allowing precise identification with household equipment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1040. [PMID: 38310090 PMCID: PMC10838302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Counterfeiting has become a serious global problem, causing worldwide losses and disrupting the normal order of society. Physical unclonable functions are promising hardware-based cryptographic primitives, especially those generated by chemical processes showing a massive challenge-response pair space. However, current chemical-based physical unclonable function devices typically require complex fabrication processes or sophisticated characterization methods with only binary (bit) keys, limiting their practical applications and security properties. Here, we report a flexible laser printing method to synthesize unclonable electronics with high randomness, uniqueness, and repeatability. Hexadecimal resistive keys and binary optical keys can be obtained by the challenge with an ohmmeter and an optical microscope. These readout methods not only make the identification process available to general end users without professional expertise, but also guarantee device complexity and data capacity. An adopted open-source deep learning model guarantees precise identification with high reliability. The electrodes and connection wires are directly printed during laser writing, which allows electronics with different structures to be realized through free design. Meanwhile, the electronics exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The high physical unclonable function performance and the widely accessible readout methods, together with the flexibility and stability, make this synthesis strategy extremely attractive for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rong Tan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteo Albino
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weinan Zhang
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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14
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Fu Y, Cheng Q, Zheng J, Yuan Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Cai W, Sun S, Zhou H, Wang Y. Tristate Photonic Crystal Film with Structural, Fluorescent, and Up-Conversion Luminescent Color for Multilevel Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4984-4990. [PMID: 38232979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Counterfeit items are growing worldwide, affecting the global economy and human health. Anticounterfeiting tags based on a physical microstructure or chemical materials have enjoyed long-term commercial success due to their visualization and inexpensive production. However, conventional anticounterfeiting tags can be readily imitated. Herein, we have overcome this limitation by assembling colloidal nanospheres and two luminescent micromaterials into a composited photonic crystal (PhC) and achieved massive scale-up fabrication of multilevel anticounterfeiting PhC films in just several minutes of thermal rolling. The fabricated PhC film exhibits three optical states, including angle-dependent structural color (reflectivity = 66%) under white light, emits green light under 980 nm light, and emits red light under ultraviolet light. Multilevel anticounterfeiting colorful images were obtained by further use of masking templates, which integrate colors from both physically colored microstructures and chemical luminescent materials. Besides, the thermal-rolling process also shows excellent feasibility for assembling microunits with different sizes into high-quality functional PhC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei441000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Qikuan Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Weihao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Yunming Wang
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei441000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
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15
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Xu R, Feng M, Xie J, Sang X, Yang J, Wang J, Li Y, Khan A, Liu L, Song F. Physically Unclonable Holographic Encryption and Anticounterfeiting Based on the Light Propagation of Complex Medium and Fluorescent Labels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2888-2901. [PMID: 38165225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Physically unclonable function (PUF) methods have high security, but their wide application is limited by complex encoding, large database, advanced external characterization equipment, and complicated comparative authentication. Therefore, we creatively propose the physically unclonable holographic encryption and anticounterfeiting based on the light propagation of complex medium and fluorescent labels. As far as we know, this is the first holographic encryption and anticounterfeiting method with a fluorescence physically unclonable property. The proposed method reduces the above requirements of traditional PUF methods and significantly reduces the cost. The angle-multiplexed PUF fluorescent label is the physical secret key. The information is encrypted as computer-generated holograms (CGH). Many physical parameters in the system are used as the parameter secret keys. The Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm is improved to transfer parameter secret keys. A variety of complex medium hologram generation methods are proposed and compared. The effectiveness, security, and robustness of the method are studied and analyzed. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for the convenience of users. The advantages of this method include lower PUF encoding complexity, effective reduction of the database size, lower requirements for characterization equipment, and direct use of decrypted information without complicated comparative authentication to reduce misjudgment. It is believed that the method proposed in this paper will pave the way for the popularization and application of PUF-based anticounterfeiting and encryption methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jinyue Xie
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Sang
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lisa Liu
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng Song
- School of Physics, The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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16
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Rodriguez-Nieves AL, Taylor ML, Wilson R, Eldridge BK, Nawalage S, Annamer A, Miller HG, Alle MR, Gomrok S, Zhang D, Wang Y, Huang X. Multiplexed Surface Protein Detection and Cancer Classification Using Gap-Enhanced Magnetic-Plasmonic Core-Shell Raman Nanotags and Machine Learning Algorithm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2041-2057. [PMID: 38173420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death attributed to disease worldwide. Current standard detection methods often rely on a single cancer marker, which can lead to inaccurate results, including false negatives, and an inability to detect multiple cancers simultaneously. Here, we developed a multiplex method that can effectively detect and classify surface proteins associated with three distinct types of breast cancer by utilizing gap-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags and machine learning algorithm. We synthesized anisotropic magnetic core-gold shell gap-enhanced Raman nanotags incorporating three different Raman reporters. These multicolor Raman nanotags were employed to distinguish specific surface protein markers in breast cancer cells. The acquired signals were deconvoluted and analyzed using classical least-squares regression to generate a surface protein profile and characterize the breast cancer cells. Furthermore, computational data obtained via finite-difference time-domain and discrete dipole approximation showed the amplification of the electric fields within the gap region due to plasmonic coupling between the two gold layers. Finally, a random forest classifier achieved an impressive classification and profiling accuracy of 93.9%, enabling effective distinguishing between the three different types of breast cancer cell lines in a mixed solution. With the combination of immunomagnetic multiplex target specificity and separation, gap-enhancement Raman nanotags, and machine learning, our method provides an accurate and integrated platform to profile and classify different cancer cells, giving implications for identification of the origin of circulating tumor cells in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell Lee Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Raymond Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Brinton King Eldridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Samadhi Nawalage
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Assam Annamer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Hailey Grace Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Alle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Saghar Gomrok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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17
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Park J, Leem JW, Park M, Kim JO, Ku Z, Chegal W, Kang SW, Kim YL. Heteronanostructured Field-Effect Transistors for Enhancing Entropy and Parameter Space in Electrical Unclonable Primitives. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1041-1053. [PMID: 38117976 PMCID: PMC10786166 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hardware security is not a new problem but is ever-growing in consumer and medical domains owing to hyperconnectivity. A physical unclonable function (PUF) offers a promising hardware security solution for cryptographic key generation, identification, and authentication. However, electrical PUFs using nanomaterials or two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) often have limited entropy and parameter space sources, both of which increase the vulnerability to attacks and act as bottlenecks for practical applications. We report an electrical PUF with enhanced entropy as well as parameter space by incorporating 2D TMDC heteronanostructures into field-effect transistors (FETs). Lateral heteronanostructures of 2D molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide serve as a potent entropy source. The variable feature of FETs is further leveraged to enhance the parameter space that provides multiple challenge-response pairs, which are essential for PUFs. This combination results in stably repeatable yet highly variable FET characteristics as alternative electrical PUFs. Comprehensive PUF performance analyses validate the bit uniformity, reproducibility, uniqueness, randomness, false rates, and encoding capacity. The 2D material heteronanostructure-driven electrical PUFs with strong FET-to-FET variability can potentially be augmented as an immediately deployable and scalable security solution for various hardware devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseo Park
- Advanced
Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research
Institute of Standard & Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Precision
Measurement, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Minji Park
- Advanced
Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research
Institute of Standard & Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Advanced
Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research
Institute of Standard & Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Won Chegal
- Advanced
Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research
Institute of Standard & Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kang
- Advanced
Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research
Institute of Standard & Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Precision
Measurement, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue
Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Bi X, Lin L, Chen Z, Ye J. Artificial Intelligence for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301243. [PMID: 37888799 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), well acknowledged as a fingerprinting and sensitive analytical technique, has exerted high applicational value in a broad range of fields including biomedicine, environmental protection, food safety among the others. In the endless pursuit of ever-sensitive, robust, and comprehensive sensing and imaging, advancements keep emerging in the whole pipeline of SERS, from the design of SERS substrates and reporter molecules, synthetic route planning, instrument refinement, to data preprocessing and analysis methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), which is created to imitate and eventually exceed human behaviors, has exhibited its power in learning high-level representations and recognizing complicated patterns with exceptional automaticity. Therefore, facing up with the intertwining influential factors and explosive data size, AI has been increasingly leveraged in all the above-mentioned aspects in SERS, presenting elite efficiency in accelerating systematic optimization and deepening understanding about the fundamental physics and spectral data, which far transcends human labors and conventional computations. In this review, the recent progresses in SERS are summarized through the integration of AI, and new insights of the challenges and perspectives are provided in aim to better gear SERS toward the fast track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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19
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Yu D, Zhu W, Shen AG. Raman encoding for security labels: a review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6365-6381. [PMID: 38024325 PMCID: PMC10662010 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its excellent multiplexing ability, high stability, and molecular fingerprint characteristics, Raman encoding has been widely used in security labels for medical safety, jewelry identification and food supervision. Various growing demands have promoted the anti-counterfeiting mode of security labels based on Raman encoding from the classic one that relies on specific patterns to the more secure one that depends on random patterns. As impressive progress has been made in Raman encoding for security labels in recent years, this review attempts to comprehensively cover security labels based on Raman encoding, from label preparation to image verification. For the labels with different anti-counterfeiting modes, the different basic elements they need are summarized, and the role of Raman encoding in different modes is introduced. In addition, security labels based on Raman encoding still have some drawbacks. Therefore, suggestions on how to improve its anti-counterfeiting performance are also discussed, as well as future challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430220 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430220 China
| | - Ai-Guo Shen
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430220 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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20
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Chen P, Li D, Li Z, Xu X, Wang H, Zhou X, Zhai T. Programmable Physical Unclonable Functions Using Randomly Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Flakes. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37982379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have been developed as promising strategies for secure authentication. Conventional strategies of PUFs have a limitation in the aspect of security for their static single channel. The introduction of polarization will endow a static PUF with many dynamic transformations based on polarized properties. Herein, high-security PUFs based on the polarized luminescence of chaotic luminescent patterns are fabricated by anisotropic rare earth (RE) material Er3O4Cl flakes. These derivatives under different polarizations show strong randomness (with similarity of the same PUF as high as 97%, while that for different PUFs is as low as 44%), which further widens the security and capacity of PUFs. Polarized luminescence control of Er3O4Cl patterns gives freedom to the PUFs and ensures a high encoding capacity of 2380000. Furthermore, we build a convolutional neural network (CNN) to realize fast intelligent authentication by extracting image features for convolution operation with a very high accuracy of 99.8% and fast classification speed in only 5 epochs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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21
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Li J, Liu F, Bi X, Ye J. Imaging immune checkpoint networks in cancer tissues with supermultiplexed SERS nanoprobes. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122327. [PMID: 37716283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Combined immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors maximize immune response rates of patients compared to the single-drug treatment strategy in cancer immunotherapy, and prediction of such optimal combinations requires high-throughput imaging techniques and suitable data analysis. In this work, we report a rational strategy for predicting combined drugs of ICP inhibitors based on supermultiplexed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging and correlation network analysis. To this end, we first built an ultrasensitive and supermultiplexed volume-active SERS (VASERS) nanoprobe platform, where Raman molecules are randomly arranged in 3D volumetric electromagnetic hotspots. By examining various bio-orthogonal Raman molecules with different electronic properties, we developed frequency modulation guidelines and achieved 32 resolvable colors in the Raman-silent region, the largest number of resolvable SERS colors demonstrated to date. We then demonstrated one-shot ten-color imaging of ICPs with high spectral resolution in clinical biopsies of breast cancer tissues, suggesting highly heterogeneous expression patterns of ICPs across tumor subtypes. Through correlation network analysis of these high-throughput Raman data, we investigated co-expression relationships among these ten-panel ICPs in cancer tissues and finally identified a variety of possible ICP combinations for synergistic immunotherapy of breast cancers, which may lead to novel therapeutical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xinyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China.
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22
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Meijs ZC, Yun HS, Fandre P, Park G, Yoon DK, Isa L. Pixelated Physical Unclonable Functions through Capillarity-Assisted Particle Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37910785 PMCID: PMC10658447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have shown the need for trustworthy, unclonable, and durable tokens as proof of authenticity for a large variety of products to combat the economic cost of counterfeits. An excellent solution is physical unclonable functions (PUFs), which are intrinsically random objects that cannot be recreated, even if illegitimate manufacturers have access to the same methods. We propose a robust and simple way to make pixelated PUFs through the deposition of a random mixture of fluorescent colloids in a predetermined lattice using capillarity-assisted particle assembly. As the encoding capacity scales exponentially with the number of deposited particles, we can easily achieve encoding capacities above 10700 for sub millimeter scale samples, where the pixelated nature of the PUFs allows for easy and trustworthy readout. Our method allows for the PUFs to be transferred to, and embedded in, a range of transparent materials to protect them from environmental challenges, leading to improved stability and robustness and allowing their implementation for a large number of different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zazo Cazimir Meijs
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hee Seong Yun
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pascal Fandre
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Reichstein J, Müssig S, Wintzheimer S, Mandel K. Communicating Supraparticles to Enable Perceptual, Information-Providing Matter. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306728. [PMID: 37786273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials are the fundament of the physical world, whereas information and its exchange are the centerpieces of the digital world. Their fruitful synergy offers countless opportunities for realizing desired digital transformation processes in the physical world of materials. Yet, to date, a perfect connection between these worlds is missing. From the perspective, this can be achieved by overcoming the paradigm of considering materials as passive objects and turning them into perceptual, information-providing matter. This matter is capable of communicating associated digitally stored information, for example, its origin, fate, and material type as well as its intactness on demand. Herein, the concept of realizing perceptual, information-providing matter by integrating customizable (sub-)micrometer-sized communicating supraparticles (CSPs) is presented. They are assembled from individual nanoparticulate and/or (macro)molecular building blocks with spectrally differentiable signals that are either robust or stimuli-susceptible. Their combination yields functional signal characteristics that provide an identification signature and one or multiple stimuli-recorder features. This enables CSPs to communicate associated digital information on the tagged material and its encountered stimuli histories upon signal readout anywhere across its life cycle. Ultimately, CSPs link the materials and digital worlds with numerous use cases thereof, in particular fostering the transition into an age of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Reichstein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wintzheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Lee S, Jang BC, Kim M, Lim SH, Ko E, Kim HH, Yoo H. Machine Learning Attacks-Resistant Security by Mixed-Assembled Layers-Inserted Graphene Physically Unclonable Function. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302604. [PMID: 37587782 PMCID: PMC10602573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed layers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FOTS) on an active layer of graphene are used to induce a disordered doping state and form a robust defense system against machine-learning attacks (ML attacks). The resulting security key is formed from a 12 × 12 array of currents produced at a low voltage of 100 mV. The uniformity and inter-Hamming distance (HD) of the security key are 50.0 ± 12.3% and 45.5 ± 16.7%, respectively, indicating higher security performance than other graphene-based security keys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the uniqueness of the 10,000 points, with the degree of shift of the G peak distinguishing the number of carriers. The resulting defense system has a 10.33% ML attack accuracy, while a FOTS-inserted graphene device is easily predictable with a 44.81% ML attack accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jang
- School of Electronics EngineeringKyungpook National University80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| | - Si Heon Lim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbee Ko
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
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25
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Cheng R, Jia D, Du Z, Cheng JX, Yang C. Gap-enhanced gold nanodumbbells with single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27321-27332. [PMID: 37711380 PMCID: PMC10498718 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) have been widely used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging due to their excellent SERS performances. Here, we reported a synthetic strategy for novel gap-enhanced dumbbell-like nanoparticles with anisotropic shell coatings. Controlled shell growth at the tips of gold nanorods was achieved by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a capping agent. A mechanism related to the shape-directing effects of CTAB was proposed to explain the findings. Optimized gap-enhanced gold dumbbells exhibited highly enhanced SERS responses compared to rod cores, with an enhancement ratio of 101.5. We further demonstrated that gap-enhanced AuNDs exhibited single-particle SERS sensitivity with an acquisition time as fast as 0.1 s per spectrum, showing great potential for high-speed SERS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
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26
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Park SM, Park G, Yoon DK. Paintable Physical Unclonable Functions using DNA. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302135. [PMID: 37145961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Controversy over artwork's authenticity is ongoing despite numerous technologies for copyright protection. Artists should build their own ways to protect the authority, but these are still open to piracy. Here, a platform is proposed for developing anticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), in an artist-friendly manner, brushstrokes. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is natural, biocompatible, and eco-friendly, can be applied as a paint that shows entropy-driven buckling instability of the liquid crystal phase. Brushed and wholly dried DNA exhibits line-shaped zig-zag textures with inherent randomness as a source of the PUF, and its primary performance and reliability are systematically examined. This breakthrough enables the utilization of these drawings in a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lee S, Pekdemir S, Kayaci N, Kalay M, Onses MS, Ye J. Graphene-Based Physically Unclonable Functions with Dual Source of Randomness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37428956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in systems with randomized responses for generating physically unclonable functions (PUFs) in anticounterfeiting and authentication applications. Atomic-level control over its thickness and unique Raman spectrum make graphene an attractive material for PUF applications. Herein, we report graphene PUFs that emerge from two independent stochastic processes. Randomized variations in the shape and number of graphene adlayers were achieved by exploiting and improving the mechanistic understanding of the chemical vapor deposition of graphene. The randomized positioning of the graphene domains was then facilitated by dewetting the polymer film, followed by oxygen plasma etching. This approach yielded surfaces with randomly positioned and shaped graphene islands with varied numbers of layers and, therefore, Raman spectra. Raman mapping of surfaces resulted in multicolor images with a high encoding capacity. Advanced feature-matching algorithms were employed for the authentication of multicolor images. The use of two independent stochastic processes on a two-dimensional nanomaterial platform enables the creation of unique and complex surfaces that excessively challenge clonability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sami Pekdemir
- ERNAM─Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Kayaci
- ERNAM─Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kalay
- ERNAM─Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Electricity and Energy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serdar Onses
- ERNAM─Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Jongpil Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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28
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Yuan X, Cui E, Liu K, Artizzu F, Liao X, Zhao J, Tang J, Sun W, Liu J, Liu Y. Triple-Mode upconversion emission for dynamic multicolor luminescent anti-Counterfeiting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:961-971. [PMID: 36989822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln3+) luminescent materials play a crucial role in information security and data storage owing to their excellent and unique optical properties. The advances in dynamic colorful luminescent anti-counterfeiting nanomaterials enable the generation of a high-level information encryption. In this work, a superior thermal, optical wavelength and excitation power triple-mode stimuli-responsive emission color modulation is demonstrated in a lanthanide-doped nanostructured luminescent material. The plentiful emission colors are manipulated by modulating the composition of a fluoride core-shell nanostructure with different Ln3+ at different doping concentrations. The nanomaterials display remarkable excitation wavelength/power-dependent color change, along with temperature-dependent color variation in the range from 298 K to 437 K, with a good relative sensitivity Sr of 1.1387% K-1 at 398 K. The universal optical modulation, combined with the excellent optical and structural stability of the luminescent nanoparticles, renders many advantages for the anti-counterfeiting application. This work explores a universal strategy for the manipulation of triple-mode stimuli-responsive dynamic luminescence and demonstrates its good potential for anti-counterfeiting application.
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29
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Dhar M, Kara UI, Das S, Xu Y, Mandal S, Dupont RL, Boerner EC, Chen B, Yao Y, Wang X, Manna U. Design of a self-cleanable multilevel anticounterfeiting interface through covalent chemical modulation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2204-2214. [PMID: 37000456 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeit products have posed a significant threat to consumers safety and the global economy. To address this issue, extensive studies have been exploring the use of coatings with unclonable, microscale features for authentication purposes. However, the ease of readout, and the stability of these features against water, deposited dust, and wear, which are required for practical use, remain challenging. Here we report a novel class of chemically functionalizable coatings with a combination of a physically unclonable porous topography and distinct physiochemical properties (e.g., fluorescence, water wettability, and water adhesion) obtained through orthogonal chemical modifications (i.e., 1,4-conjugate addition reaction and Schiff-base reaction at ambient conditions). Unprecedentedly, a self-cleanable and physically unclonable coating is introduced to develop a multilevel anticounterfeiting interface. We demonstrate that the authentication of the fluorescent porous topography can be verified using deep learning. More importantly, the spatially selective chemical modifications can be read with the naked eye via underwater exposure and UV light illumination. Overall, the results reported in this work provide a facile basis for designing functional surfaces capable of independent and multilevel decryption of authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manideepa Dhar
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Ufuoma I Kara
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Supriya Das
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sohini Mandal
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Eric C Boerner
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Boyuan Chen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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30
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Gao X, Wang H, Dong H, Shao J, Shao Y, Zhang L. Tunable Key-Size Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Phase Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23429-23438. [PMID: 37140137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have been considered as an effective tool for anti-counterfeiting owing to the uncontrollable manufacturing process and excellent resistance to machine-learning attacks. However, most optical PUFs exhibit fixed challenge-response pairs and static encoding structures after they are manufactured, which significantly impedes the actual development. Herein, we propose a tunable key-size PUF based on reversible phase segregation in mixed halide perovskites with uncontrollable Br/I ratios under variable power densities. The basic performance of encryption keys of low and high power density was evaluated and indicated a high degree of uniformity, uniqueness, and readout repeatability. Merging the binary keys of low and high power density, tunable key-size PUF is realized with higher security. The proposed tunable key-size PUF offers new insights into the development of dynamic-structure PUFs and demonstrates a novel scheme for achieving higher security of anti-counterfeiting and authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jianda Shao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800 Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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31
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Zhang T, Wang L, Wang J, Wang Z, Gupta M, Guo X, Zhu Y, Yiu YC, Hui TKC, Zhou Y, Li C, Lei D, Li KH, Wang X, Wang Q, Shao L, Chu Z. Multimodal dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting using robust diamond microparticles on heterogeneous substrate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2507. [PMID: 37130871 PMCID: PMC10154296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of counterfeit products worldwide poses serious threats to economic security and human health. Developing advanced anti-counterfeiting materials with physical unclonable functions offers an attractive defense strategy. Here, we report multimodal, dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting labels based on diamond microparticles containing silicon-vacancy centers. These chaotic microparticles are heterogeneously grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition, facilitating low-cost scalable fabrication. The intrinsically unclonable functions are introduced by the randomized features of each particle. The highly stable signals of photoluminescence from silicon-vacancy centers and light scattering from diamond microparticles can enable high-capacity optical encoding. Moreover, time-dependent encoding is achieved by modulating photoluminescence signals of silicon-vacancy centers via air oxidation. Exploiting the robustness of diamond, the developed labels exhibit ultrahigh stability in extreme application scenarios, including harsh chemical environments, high temperature, mechanical abrasion, and ultraviolet irradiation. Hence, our proposed system can be practically applied immediately as anti-counterfeiting labels in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Opto-Electronics, Peking University, Dongguan, China
| | - Madhav Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau Chuen Yiu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Primemax Biotech Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwai Hei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Opto-Electronics, Peking University, Dongguan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Opto-Electronics, Peking University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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32
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Sun N, Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Xie Y, Liu Q. Random fractal-enabled physical unclonable functions with dynamic AI authentication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2185. [PMID: 37069144 PMCID: PMC10110537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a foundation of anti-counterfeiting processes due to its inherent uniqueness. However, the self-limitation of conventional graphical/spectral PUFs in materials often makes it difficult to have both high code flexibility and high environmental stability in practice. In this study, we propose a universal, fractal-guided film annealing strategy to realize the random Au network-based PUFs that can be designed on demand in complexity, enabling the tags' intrinsic uniqueness and stability. A dynamic deep learning-based authentication system with an expandable database is built to identify and trace the PUFs, achieving an efficient and reliable authentication with 0% "false positives". Based on the roughening-enabled plasmonic network platform, Raman-based chemical encoding is conceptionally demonstrated, showing the potential for improvements in security. The configurable tags in mass production can serve as competitive PUF carriers for high-level anti-counterfeiting and data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Sun
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanke Wang
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76344, Germany
| | - Shu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Xie
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Equipment Electromagnetic Environment Effect, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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33
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Sun H, Maji S, Chandrakasan AP, Marelli B. Integrating biopolymer design with physical unclonable functions for anticounterfeiting and product traceability in agriculture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1978. [PMID: 36947609 PMCID: PMC10032598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Smallholder farmers and manufacturers in the Agri-Food sector face substantial challenges because of increasing circulation of counterfeit products (e.g., seeds), for which current countermeasures are implemented mainly at the secondary packaging level, and are generally vulnerable because of limited security guarantees. Here, by integrating biopolymer design with physical unclonable functions (PUFs), we propose a cryptographic protocol for seed authentication using biodegradable and miniaturized PUF tags made of silk microparticles. By simply drop casting a mixture of variant silk microparticles on a seed surface, tamper-evident PUF tags can be seamlessly fabricated on a variety of seeds, where the unclonability comes from the stochastic assembly of spectrally and visually distinct silk microparticles in the tag. Unique, reproducible, and unpredictable PUF codes are generated from both Raman mapping and microscopy imaging of the silk tags. Together, the proposed technology offers a highly secure solution for anticounterfeiting and product traceability in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saurav Maji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anantha P. Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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34
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Ye X, Wang S, Zhou P, Zhang D, Zhu P. Fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites for anti-counterfeiting applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9492-9499. [PMID: 36938804 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly anti-counterfeiting materials with high optical transparency and bright luminescence in the aggregate state is tremendously challenging. Herein, waterborne polyurethane/tetraphenylethylene-cellulose nanocrystal (WPU/TPE-CNC) nanocomposite aqueous solutions and films were prepared via direct blending aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active fluorescent CNCs (TPE-CNCs) with WPU and then applied in the anti-counterfeiting field. TPE-CNCs are compatible with WPU and dispersed homogeneously in the nanocomposite aqueous solutions and films. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of these films significantly improved with the increase in the content of TPE-CNCs. WPU/TPE-CNC nanocomposite films display high transparency (above 80%), excellent fluorescence properties, high mechanical strength, and good flexibility and then successfully applied to anti-counterfeit marking. Moreover, the dispersions of the aqueous WPU/TPE-CNC nanocomposite were nearly colorless and demonstrated promise as fluorescent anti-counterfeiting inks. This novel eco-friendly nanocomposite exhibited the potential for applications in anti-counterfeiting, fluorescent transparent paper and coating, fluorescent 3D printing, and optical/sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Ye
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Sai Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Institute of Critical Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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35
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Bioorthogonal surface-enhanced Raman scattering flower-like nanoprobe with embedded standards for accurate cancer cell imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340895. [PMID: 36764777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing precise and effective strategies for cancer identification and imaging is attractive due to their importance for early cancer detection, prognosis, and subsequent treatment. Herein, we reported a novel bioorthogonal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe for accurate cancer cell imaging. A novel core-molecule-shell nanoflower (Au@4-MBN@Au) with rich electromagnetic hot spots and enhanced Raman scattering was first synthesized by optimizing the embedded concentrations of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN). Then, Au@4-MBN@Au was further modified with FA-PEG-SH molecules to acquire the bioorthogonal SERS nanoprobe Au@4-MBN@Au-PEG-FA. The SERS nanoprobe illustrated a robust and stable nitrile stretching vibration Raman signal (2223 cm-1) in the cellular silent region, ensuring high sensitivity and ultra-accuracy SERS imaging of cancer cells. Furthermore, cell imaging results demonstrated Au@4-MBN@Au-PEG-FA could recognize FR-positive HeLa cells with high selectivity due to the high affinity between folate receptor and folic acid. More notably, Au@4-MBN@Au-PEG-FA has been applied to identify FR-positive Hela cells from co-cultured cancer cells with similar morphology by SERS imaging for the first time. With improved signal-to-background ratio, high selectivity, and excellent stability, we anticipate the SERS nanoprobe Au@4-MBN@Au-PEG-FA could be applied for FR-related cancer theranostics and clinical detection in the future.
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36
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Gurbatov SO, Puzikov V, Storozhenko D, Modin E, Mitsai E, Cherepakhin A, Shevlyagin A, Gerasimenko AV, Kulinich SA, Kuchmizhak AA. Multigram-Scale Production of Hybrid Au-Si Nanomaterial by Laser Ablation in Liquid (LAL) for Temperature-Feedback Optical Nanosensing, Light-to-Heat Conversion, and Anticounterfeit Labeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3336-3347. [PMID: 36602431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in hybrid optical nanomaterials composed of dissimilar constituents permitted an improvement in the performance and functionality of novel devices developed for optoelectronics, catalysis, medical diagnostics, and sensing. However, the rational combination of contrasting materials such as noble metals and semiconductors within individual hybrid nanostructures via a ready-to-use and lithography-free fabrication approach is still a challenge. Here, we report on a two-step synthesis of hybrid Au-Si microspheres generated by laser ablation of silicon in isopropanol followed by laser irradiation of the produced Si nanoparticles in the presence of HAuCl4. Thermal reduction of [AuCl4]- species to a metallic gold phase, along with its subsequent mixing with silicon under laser irradiation, creates a nanostructured material with a unique composition and morphology, as revealed by electron microscopy, tomography, and elemental analysis. A combination of basic plasmonic and nanophotonic materials such as gold and silicon within a single microsphere allows for efficient light-to-heat conversion, as well as single-particle SERS sensing with temperature-feedback modality and expanded functionality. Moreover, the characteristic Raman signal and hot-electron-induced nonlinear photoluminescence coexisting within the novel Au-Si hybrids, as well as the commonly criticized randomness of the nanomaterials prepared by laser ablation in liquid, were proved to be useful for the realization of anticounterfeiting labels based on a physically unclonable function approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav O Gurbatov
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok690922, Russia
| | - Vladislav Puzikov
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Storozhenko
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian20018, Spain
| | - Eugeny Mitsai
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
| | - Artem Cherepakhin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
| | - Alexander Shevlyagin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
| | | | - Sergei A Kulinich
- Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa259-1292, Japan
| | - Aleksandr A Kuchmizhak
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok690922, Russia
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37
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Killaire G, Walia J, Variola F, Weck A, Berini P. Laser-machined thin copper films on silicon as physical unclonable functions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2072-2087. [PMID: 36785229 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are receiving significant attention with the rise of cryptography and the drive towards creating unique structures for security applications and anti-counterfeiting. Specifically, nanoparticle based PUFs can produce a high degree of randomness through their size, shape, spatial distribution, chemistry, and optical properties, rendering them very difficult to replicate. However, nanoparticle PUFs typically rely on complex preparation procedures involving chemical synthesis in solution, therefore requiring dispersion, and embedding within a host medium for application. We propose laser machining of surfaces as a one-step process for the creation of complex nanoparticle based PUFs by machining 600 nm thick copper films on a silicon substrate to yield a complex spatial and chemical distribution of redeposited copper, silicon, and oxide species. The approaches and material system investigated have potential applications in silicon chip authentication.
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38
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Lee S, Kim HH, Seo J, Jang BC, Yoo H. Disordered Mixture of Self-Assembled Molecular Functional Groups on Heterointerfaces with p-Si Leads to Multiple Key Generation in Physical Unclonable Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1693-1703. [PMID: 36512688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical unclonable function (PUF) security devices based on hardware are becoming an effective strategy to overcome the dependency of the internet cloud and software-based hacking vulnerabilities. On the other hand, existing Si-based artificial security devices have several issues, including the absence of a method for multiple key generation, complex and expensive fabrication processes, and easy prediction compared to devices retaining natural randomness. Herein, to generate unique and unpredictable multiple security keys, this paper proposes novel PUF devices consisting of a disordered random mixture of two self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed onto p-type Si. The proposed PUF devices exhibited multikeys at different voltage biasing, including 0 V, through the arbitrary dipole effect. As a result, multiple unpredictable hardware security keys were generated from one device using a simple solution-coating process. The PUF security device based on the mixture of materials with different dipoles developed in this study can provide valuable insights for implementing various PUF devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehakro, Gumi39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
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39
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He H, Zhou L, Guo Z, Li P, Gao S, Liu Z. Dual Biomimetic Recognition-Driven Plasmonic Nanogap-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Ultrasensitive Protein Fingerprinting and Quantitation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9664-9671. [PMID: 36413654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein assays with fingerprints and high sensitivity are essential for biomedical research and applications. However, the prevailing methods mainly rely on indirect or labeled immunoassays, failing to provide fingerprint information. Herein, we report a dual biomimetic recognition-driven plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering (DBR-PNERS) strategy for ultrasensitive protein fingerprinting and quantitation. A pair of molecularly imprinted nanoantennas were rationally engineered for specifically trapping a target protein into well-defined plasmonic nanogaps through dual-terminal recognition for ultrahigh Raman signal amplification. Meanwhile, a Raman-active small molecule was embedded into the nanoantenna as an internal standard to provide a ratiometric assay for robust quantitation. DBR-PNERS exhibited several significant merits over existing approaches, including fingerprinting, ultrahigh sensitivity, quantitation robustness, speed, sample consumption, and so on. Therefore, it can be a promising tool for a protein assay and holds a great perspective in important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
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40
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Li D, Brunie J, Sun F, Nizard P, Onidas D, Lamouri A, Noël V, Mangeney C, Mattana G, Luo Y. Anti-counterfeiting SERS security labels derived from silver nanoparticles and aryl diazonium salts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5037-5043. [PMID: 36504752 PMCID: PMC9680943 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of anti-counterfeiting inks based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) labels have attracted great interest in recent years for their use as security labels in anti-counterfeiting applications. Indeed, they are promising alternatives to luminescent inks, which suffer from several limitations including emission peak overlap, toxicity and photobleaching. Most of the reported SERS security labels developed so far rely on the use of thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the immobilization of Raman reporters on metallic nanoparticle surface. However, SAMs are prone to spontaneous desorption and degradation under laser irradiation, thereby compromising the ink long-term stability. To overcome this issue, we develop herein a new generation of SERS security labels based on silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) functionalized by aryl diazonium salts, carrying various substituents (-NO2, -CN, -CCH) with distinguishable Raman fingerprints. The resulting SERS tags were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption and SERS. Then, they were incorporated into ink formulations to be printed on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates, using handwriting or inkjet printing. Proof-of-concept Raman imaging experiments confirmed the remarkable potential of diazonium salt chemistry to design Ag NPs-based SERS security labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
| | - Julien Brunie
- University Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 75013 Paris France
| | - Fan Sun
- PSL Université, Chimie Paris Tech, IRCP, CNRS UMR 8247 75005 Paris France
| | - Philippe Nizard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
| | - Delphine Onidas
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
| | | | - Vincent Noël
- University Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 75013 Paris France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
| | | | - Yun Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
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41
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Chen S, Fan J, Lv M, Hua C, Liang G, Zhang S. Internal Standard Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoprobe with 4-NTP as Recognition Unit for Ratiometric Imaging Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14675-14681. [PMID: 36222749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third endogenous gasotransmitter, is closely associated with various physiological and pathological processes, whereas many aspects of its functions remain unclear. Effective tools for the accurate detection of H2S in living organisms are urgently needed. We herein reported an internal standard assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe for ratiometric detection of H2S in vitro and in living cells based on the reduction of nitros with H2S. This nanoprobe consists of an internal standard (4-mercaptobenzonitrile, MPBN) embedded core-molecule-shell Au nanoflower (Au@MPBN@Au) as the high plasmonic active SERS substrate and the 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) molecule immobilized on the surface as the H2S recognition unit. With the addition of H2S, the nitros peak (1329 cm-1) decreased. Meanwhile, three obvious new peaks appeared at 1139, 1387, and 1433 cm-1, which were related to the vibration of the dimerized product 4,4'-dimercaptoazobisbenzene (DMAB) of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). However, the peak intensity at 2223 cm-1 derived from MPBN was not influenced by the outer environment. Thus, the H2S level was able to be determined based on the ratio of two peak intensities (I1139/I2223) with a detection limit as low as 0.24 μM. Notably, we have proved that SERS nanoprobe Au@MPBN@Au@4-NTP could ratiometrically image both the endogenous and exogenous H2S in living cells. We anticipate that Au@MPBN@Au@4-NTP could be applied for the study of H2S-related physiological function in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Center for Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiayi Fan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengya Lv
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenfeng Hua
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Center for Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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42
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Using intrinsic properties of quantum dots to provide additional security when uniquely identifying devices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16919. [PMID: 36209282 PMCID: PMC9547896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique identification of optical devices is important for anti-counterfeiting. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), which use random physical characteristics for authentication, are advantageous over existing optical solutions, such as holograms, due to the inherent asymmetry in their fabrication and reproduction complexity. However, whilst unique, PUFs are potentially vulnerable to replication and simulation. Here we introduce an additional benefit of a small modification to an established model of nanoparticle PUFs by using a second measurement parameter to verify their authenticity. A randomly deposited array of quantum dots is encapsulated in a transparent polymer, forming a tag. Photoluminescence is measured as a function of excitation power to assess uniqueness as well as the intrinsic nonlinear response of the quantum material. This captures a fingerprint, which is non-trivial to clone or simulate. To demonstrate this concept practically, we show that these tags can be read using an unmodified smartphone, with its built-in flash for excitation. This development over constellation-style optical PUFs paves the way for more secure, facile authentication of devices without requiring complex fabrication or characterisation techniques.
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Park G, Park H, Wolska JM, Park JG, Yoon DK. Racemized photonic crystals for physical unclonable function. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2542-2550. [PMID: 35972262 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As Internet of Things-based technologies continue to digitalize our society, the development of secure and robust identification systems against evolving adversaries remains a grave challenge. Recently, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have garnered tremendous scientific interest due to their intrinsic randomness, which makes them difficult to counterfeit. Herein, we present a facile approach for fabricating optical PUFs using spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking of molecular self-assembly. The PUF composed of racemic helical structures that generate chiroptical signals exhibits high encoding capacity (∼1013 000), precise recognition rate, and impressive reconfigurability. The present study demonstrates that the utilization of random symmetry breaking is a promising approach to the design of high-level security systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joanna M Wolska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Jesse G Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Shan J, Li X, Han S, Ren T, Jin M, Wang X. Gap-enhance Raman tags (GERTs) competitive immunoassay based Raman imaging for the quantitative detection of trace florfenicol in milk. Food Chem 2022; 391:133233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Li J, Liu F, Ye J. Boosting the Brightness of Thiolated Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoprobes by Maximal Utilization of the Three-Dimensional Volume of Electromagnetic Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6496-6502. [PMID: 35820179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiols on plasmonic nanoparticles constitute one of the most common methods for fabricating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes with wide applications. However, this method greatly limits the sufficient utilization of electromagnetic fields derived from plasmon excitation of the nanoparticles, because the thickness of SAMs (<1 nm) is usually much smaller than the attenuation length (>10 nm) of the fields. To overcome this, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) volume-active SERS (VASERS) technique to break the SAM limit, which integrates large amounts of thiol reporters into polydopamine shells on silver nanoparticles via Michael addition and allows sufficient utilization of 3D electromagnetic fields, leading to a dramatic increase in the intensity of the signal of the nanoprobes by about one order of magnitude. We demonstrate the universality of this strategy on various thiol reporters and plasmonic substrates. We also show that orthogonal VASERS nanoprobes with alkyne readout allow for high-precision in vivo tumor targeting and margin delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Moglianetti M, Pedone D, Morerio P, Scarsi A, Donati P, Bustreo M, Del Bue A, Pompa PP. Nanocatalyst-Enabled Physically Unclonable Functions as Smart Anticounterfeiting Tags with AI-Aided Smartphone Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25898-25906. [PMID: 35612325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeiting is a worldwide issue affecting many industrial sectors, ranging from specialized technologies to retail market, such as fashion brands, pharmaceutical products, and consumer electronics. Counterfeiting is not only a huge economic burden (>$ 1 trillion losses/year), but it also represents a serious risk to human health, for example, due to the exponential increase of fake drugs and food products invading the market. Considering such a global problem, numerous anticounterfeit technologies have been recently proposed, mostly based on tags. The most advanced category, based on encryption and cryptography, is represented by physically unclonable functions (PUFs). A PUF tag is based on a unique physical object generated through chemical methods with virtually endless possible combinations, providing remarkable encoding capability. However, most methods adopted nowadays are based on expensive and complex technologies, relying on instrumental readouts, which make them not effective in real-world applications. To achieve a simple yet cryptography-based anticounterfeit method, herein we exploit a combination of nanotechnology, chemistry, and artificial intelligence (AI). Notably, we developed platinum nanocatalyst-enabled visual tags, exhibiting the properties of PUFs (encoding capability >10300) along with fast (1 min) ON/OFF readout and full reversibility, enabling multiple onsite authentication cycles. The development of an accurate AI-aided algorithm powers the system, allowing for smartphone-based PUF authentications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Moglianetti
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Morerio
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Donati
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bustreo
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Del Bue
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Yu D, Shen Y, Zhu W, Hu JM, Shen AG. Raman inks based on triple-bond-containing polymeric nanoparticles for security. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7864-7871. [PMID: 35583267 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing security inks with spectral outputs/multiple colors, which have unique identification characteristics, is of great importance in enhancing the anti-counterfeiting strength of ink anti-counterfeiting technology. Herein, a print-driven triple-bond coding mode is proposed for the first time. Two kinds of triple-bond-containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with Raman shifts at 2227 and 2241 cm-1 have been designed into printable ink, and the decimal coding output can be easily obtained by reasonably adjusting the proportions of the two polymeric NPs. Single Raman scattering inks can be used as invisible inks to print monochromatic patterns and words that the decoder can read out. According to the two-dimensional pixels of the graphics decoder, invisible colorful graphics can be printed with mixed inks under different polymer proportions. More interestingly, three-dimensional invisible patterns with stronger anti-counterfeiting strength can also be obtained in the double-layer anti-counterfeiting patterns with different proportions of ink by the spatial complementary coding mode. It is predicted that more security inks associated with triple-bond Raman signals will spur the application of the anti-counterfeiting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yao Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Research Center of Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Ai-Guo Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
- Research Center of Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Highly Stable, Graphene-Wrapped, Petal-like, Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101626. [PMID: 35630847 PMCID: PMC9144347 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) were widely used in cell or biological tissue imaging due to their narrow spectral linewidth, weak photobleaching effect, and low biological matrix interference. Here, we reported a new kind of graphene-wrapped, petal-like, gap-enhanced Raman tags (GP-GERTs). The 4-Nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) Raman reporters were embedded in the petal-like nanogap, and graphene was wrapped on the surface of the petal-like, gap-enhanced Raman tags. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and Raman experimental studies jointly reveal the Raman enhancement mechanism of graphene. The SERS enhancement of GP-GERTs is jointly determined by the petal-like “interstitial hotspots” and electron transfer between graphene and 4-NBT molecules, and the total Raman enhancement factor (EF) can reach 1010. Mesoporous silica was grown on the surface of GP-GERTs by tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis to obtain Raman tags of MS-GP-GERTs. Raman tag stability experiments showed that: MS-GP-GERTs not only can maintain the signal stability in aqueous solutions of different pH values (from 3 to 12) and simulated the physiological environment (up to 72 h), but it can also stably enhance the signal of different Raman molecules. These highly stable, high-signal-intensity nanotags show great potential for SERS-based bioimaging and multicolor imaging.
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Zhu J, Wang S, Yang Z, Liao S, Lin J, Yao H, Huang F, Zheng Y, Chen D. A single-beam NIR laser-triggered full-color upconversion tuning of a Er/Tm:CsYb 2F 7@glass photothermal nanocomposite for optical security. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3407-3415. [PMID: 35175270 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced luminescent materials is highly desirable for addressing the rising threat of forgery. However, it is challenging to achieve stable full-color upconversion (UC) tuning in the same matrix upon a single-beam light excitation so as to ensure that authentic items are irreproducible. Herein, hexagonal Er/Tm:CsYb2F7 nanocrystals (NCs) embedded inorganic glass via an in situ crystallization strategy is fabricated, which can emit blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, red and near-infrared (NIR) UC emissions by simply modifying an incident 980 nm laser power. This UC tuning is attributed to the combination roles of the highly efficient laser-induced photothermal effect of the CsYb2F7 host and simultaneous emissions of Er and Tm activators. Importantly, the robust inorganic glass matrix endows Er/Tm:CsYb2F7 NCs with excellent water resistance and the ability to withstand high-power laser irradiation. Based on these unique characteristics, a proof-of-concept anti-counterfeiting experiment is designed. The results indicate that dynamic full-color UC luminescence patterns can be easily tuned by simply changing the power of the incident 980 nm laser. The present work not only confirms that the designed photothermal material can increase information security, but also provides a new idea for practical applications in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Zhu
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Shaoxiong Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Zezhong Yang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Shengxiang Liao
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Jidong Lin
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Hurong Yao
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Feng Huang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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50
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Anastasiou A, Zacharaki EI, Tsakas A, Moustakas K, Alexandropoulos D. Laser fabrication and evaluation of holographic intrinsic physical unclonable functions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2891. [PMID: 35190557 PMCID: PMC8861088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are well established as the most powerful anticounterfeiting tool. Despite the merits of optical PUFs, widespread use is hindered by existing implementations that are complicated and expensive. On top, the overwhelming majority of optical PUFs refer to extrinsic implementations. Here we overcome these limitations to demonstrate for the first time strong intrinsic optical PUFs with exceptional security characteristics. In doing so, we use Computer-Generated Holograms (CGHs) as optical, intrinsic, and image-based PUFs. The required randomness is offered by the non-deterministic fabrication process achieved with industrial friendly, nanosecond pulsed fiber lasers. Adding to simplicity and low cost, the digital fingerprint is derived by a setup which is designed to be adjustable in a production line. In addition, we propose a novel signature encoding and authentication mechanism that exploits manifold learning techniques to efficiently differentiate data reconstruction-related variation from counterfeit attacks. The proposed method is applied experimentally on silver plates. The robustness of the fabricated intrinsic optical PUFs is evaluated over time. The results have shown exceptional values for robustness and a probability of cloning up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$10^{-14}$$\end{document}10-14, which exceeds the standard acceptance rate in security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Anastasiou
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelia I Zacharaki
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsakas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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