1
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Chakraborty D, Pradhan S, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Mechanically Interlocked Water-Soluble Pd 6 Host for the Selective Separation of Coal Tar-Based Planar Aromatic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14924-14932. [PMID: 39129449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Research on the synthesis of catenated cages has been a growing field of interest in the past few years. While multiple types of catenated cages with different structures have been synthesized, the application of such systems has been much less explored. Specifically, the use of catenated cages in the separation of industrially relevant molecules that are present in coal tar has not been explored before. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a newly synthesized interlocked cage 1 [C184H240N76O48Pd6] (M6L4), formed through the self-assembly of ligand L.HNO3 (tris(4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazonhydrazide) with acceptor cis-[(tmchda)Pd(NO3)2] [tmchda = ±N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine] (M). The interlocked cage 1 was able to separate the isomers (anthracene and phenanthrene) using a simple solvent extraction technique. Using the same technique, the much more difficult separation of structurally and physiochemically similar compounds acenaphthene and acenaphthylene was performed for the first time with 1 as the host. Other noninterlocked hexanuclear Pd6 cages having a wider cavity proved inefficient for such separation, demonstrating the uniqueness of the interlocked cage 1 for such challenging separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sailendra Pradhan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jack Kay Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Prajapati D, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Formation of a low-symmetry Pd 8 molecular barrel employing a hetero donor tetradentate ligand, and its use in the binding and extraction of C 70. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12502-12510. [PMID: 39118615 PMCID: PMC11304780 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of reported metallo-supramolecules are highly symmetric homoleptic assemblies of M x L y type, with a few reports on assemblies that are obtained using multicomponent self-assembly or using ambidentate ligands. Herein, we report the use of an unsymmetrical tetratopic ligand (Lun) containing pyridyl and imidazole donor sites in combination with a cis-protected Pd(ii) acceptor for the formation of a low-symmetry M8Lun 4 molecular barrel (UNMB). Four potential orientational isomeric (HHHH, HHHT, HHTT, and HTHT) molecular barrels can be anticipated for the M8Lun 4 type metallo-assemblies. However, the formation of an orientational isomer (HHTT) of the barrel was suggested from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR analysis of UNMB. Two large open apertures at terminals and the hydrophobic confined space surrounded by four aromatic panels of Lun make UNMB a potential host for bigger guests. UNMB encapsulates fullerenes C70 and C60 favoured by non-covalent interactions between the fullerenes and aromatic panels of the ligand molecules. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that UNMB has the ability to bind C70 more strongly than its lower analogue C60. The stronger affinity of UNMB towards C70 was exploited to separate C70 from an equimolar mixture of C70 and C60. Moreover, C70 can be extracted from the C70⊂UNMB complex by toluene, and therefore, UNMB can be reused as a recyclable separating agent for C70 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmraj Prajapati
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
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3
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Feng Q, Ding R, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Guo C, He G, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Highly Efficient Self-Assembly of Heterometallic [2]Catenanes and Cyclic Bis[2]catenanes via Orthogonal Metal-Coordination Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407923. [PMID: 38738617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although catenated cages have been widely constructed due to their unique and elegant topological structures, cyclic catenanes formed by the connection of multiple catenane units have been rarely reported. Herein, based on the orthogonal metal-coordination-driven self-assembly, we prepare a series of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes, whose structures are clearly evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Owing to the multiple positively charged nature, as well as the potential synergistic effect of the Cu(I) and Pt(II) metal ions, the cyclic bis[2]catenanes display broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes but also explores their applications as superior antibacterial agents, which will promote the construction of advanced supramolecular structures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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4
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Su P, Zhu X, Wilson SM, Feng Y, Samayoa-Oviedo HY, Sonnendecker C, Smith AJ, Zimmermann W, Laskin J. The effect of host size on binding in host-guest complexes of cyclodextrins and polyoxometalates. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11825-11836. [PMID: 39092096 PMCID: PMC11290418 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing flexible host cavities opens opportunities for the design of novel supramolecular architectures that accommodate nanosized guests. This research examines unprecedented gas-phase structures of Keggin-type polyoxometalate PW12O40 3- (WPOM) and cyclodextrins (X-CD, X = α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) including previously unexplored large, flexible CDs. Using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we provide first insights into the binding modes between WPOM and larger CD hosts as isolated structures. Notably, γ-CD forms two distinct structures with WPOM through binding to its primary and secondary faces. We also demonstrate that ε-CD forms a deep inclusion complex, which encapsulates WPOM within its annular inner cavity. In contrast, ζ-CD adopts a saddle-like conformation in its complex with WPOM, which resembles its free form in solution. More intriguingly, the gas-phase CD-WPOM structures are highly correlated with their counterparts in solution as characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The strong correlation between the gas- and solution phase structures of CD-WPOM complexes highlight the power of gas-phase IM-MS for the structural characterization of supramolecular complexes with nanosized guests, which may be difficult to examine using conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Solita M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Hugo Y Samayoa-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Christian Sonnendecker
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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5
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Wang Y, Liu T, Zhang YY, Li B, Tan L, Li C, Shen XC, Li J. Cross-catenation between position-isomeric metallacages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1363. [PMID: 38355599 PMCID: PMC10866959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of cross-catenated metallacages, which are complex self-assembly systems arising from multiple supramolecular interactions and hierarchical assembly processes, is currently lacking but could provide facile insights into achieving more precise control over low-symmetry/high-complexity hierarchical assembly systems. Here, we report a cross-catenane formed between two position-isomeric Pt(II) metallacages in the solid state. These two metallacages formed [2]catenanes in solution, whereas a 1:1 mixture selectively formed a cross-catenane in crystals. Varied temperature nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and time-of-flight mass spectra are employed to characterize the cross-catenation in solutions, and the dynamic library of [2]catenanes are shown. Additionally, we searched for the global-minimum structures of three [2]catenanes and re-optimized the low-lying structures using density functional theory calculations. Our results suggest that the binding energy of cross-catenanes is significantly larger than that of self-catenanes within the dynamic library, and the selectivity in crystallization of cross-catenanes is thermodynamic. This study presents a cross-catenated assembly from different metallacages, which may provide a facile insight for the development of low-symmetry/high-complexity self-assemble systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Taotao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Liting Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, PR China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
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6
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Zhang HN, Jin GX. Controllable Topological Transformations of 8 18 Molecular Metalla-knots by Oxidation of Thiazole-Based Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313605. [PMID: 37783666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting coordination-driven self-assembly, high yields of two 818 molecular metalla-knots could be obtained using a thiazole-moiety-containing asymmetric dipyridyl ligand 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzo[d]thiazole (L1 ), as confirmed using X-ray crystallographic analysis, electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS), and detailed liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To modulate the self-assembled structures, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) was utilized to oxidize thiazole-based ligand L1 to N-thiazole-oxide-based ligand 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzo[d]thiazole 3-oxide (L2 ), which enabled the selective construction of the corresponding tetranuclear macrocycles. Notably, two molecular metalla-knots could be topologically transformed from 818 knots to simple monocycles because the L1 alkyne bond was inert toward m-CPBA, as confirmed by liquid-state NMR spectroscopy, ESI-TOF/MS, and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Zhu J, Chen X, Jin X, Wang Q. Light-driven interconversion of Pd2L4 cage and mononuclear PdL2 mediated by the isomerization of azobenzene ligand. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Chen J, Yang Z, Zhu G, Fu E, Li P, Chen F, Yu C, Wang S, Zhang S. Heterochiral Diastereomer-Discriminative Diphanes That Form Hierarchical Superstructures with Nonlinear Optical Properties. JACS AU 2022; 2:1661-1668. [PMID: 35911451 PMCID: PMC9327085 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the emergence of homochirality during complex molecular systems, most works mainly concentrated on the resolution of a pair of enantiomers. However, the preference of homochiral over heterochiral isomers has been overlooked, with very limited examples focusing only on noncovalent interactions. We herein report on diastereomeric discrimination of twin-cavity cages (denoted as diphanes) against heterochiral tris-(2-aminopropyl)amine (TRPN) bearing triple stereocenters. This diastereomeric selectivity results from distinct spatial orientation of reactive secondary amines on TRPN. Homochiral TRPNs with all reactive moieties rotating in the same way facilitate the formation of homochiral and achiral meso diphanes with low strain energy, while heterochiral TRPNs with uneven orientation of secondary amines preclude the formation of cage-like entity, since the virtual diphanes exhibit considerably high strain. Moreover, homochiral diphanes self-assemble into an acentric superstructure composed of single-handed helices, which exhibits interesting nonlinear optical behavior. Such a property is a unique occurrence for organic cages, which thus showcases their potential to spawn novel materials with interesting properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gucheng Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Enguang Fu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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9
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Benchimol E, Nguyen BNT, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Transformation networks of metal-organic cages controlled by chemical stimuli. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5101-5135. [PMID: 35661155 PMCID: PMC9207707 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of biomolecules enables them to adapt and transform as a result of signals received from the external environment, expressing different functions in different contexts. In similar fashion, coordination cages can undergo stimuli-triggered transformations owing to the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Different types of stimuli can trigger dynamic reconfiguration of these metal-organic assemblies, to switch on or off desired functionalities. Such adaptable systems are of interest for applications in switchable catalysis, selective molecular recognition or as transformable materials. This review highlights recent advances in the transformation of cages using chemical stimuli, providing a catalogue of reported strategies to transform cages and thus allow the creation of new architectures. Firstly we focus on strategies for transformation through the introduction of new cage components, which trigger reconstitution of the initial set of components. Secondly we summarize conversions triggered by external stimuli such as guests, concentration, solvent or pH, highlighting the adaptation processes that coordination cages can undergo. Finally, systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli are described. Such systems constitute composite chemical networks with the potential for more complex behaviour. We aim to offer new perspectives on how to design transformation networks, in order to shed light on signal-driven transformation processes that lead to the preparation of new functional metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Bao-Nguyen T Nguyen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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10
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Shi B, Qin P, Chai Y, Qu WJ, Shangguan L, Lin Q, Zhang YM, Sun Y, Huang F, Stang PJ. An Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycle-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile and Its Application in Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8090-8095. [PMID: 35542969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials are emerging as important candidates for bioanalytical and biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibilities and sensitivities. However, the lack of promising operation platforms compatible with enzyme responsiveness greatly limits the scope and functionality of smart materials. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a naphthalene-functionalized organoplatinum(II) metallacycle 1 by means of coordination-driven self-assembly, which is subsequently exploited as the organometallic platform to enable enzyme-responsive supramolecular materials. Specifically, a [2 + 2] self-assembled metallacycle 1 first self-assembles into nanosheets in aqueous solution, which can further transform into vesicles with the introduction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) because of the formation of a bola-type supramolecular amphiphile β-CD-1. Interestingly, these vesicles show rare α-amylase responsiveness, as demonstrated by structurally transforming back into nanosheets after the addition of α-amylase to their solutions due to the enzyme-induced degradation of cyclodextrins. We also demonstrate the potential application of the self-assembled vesicles in amylase-responsive controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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11
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee PS. Recent trends in organic cage synthesis: push towards water-soluble organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5558-5573. [PMID: 35420101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on organic cages has blossomed over the past few years into a mature field of study which can contribute to solving some of the challenging problems. In this review we aim to showcase the recent trends in synthesis of organic cages including a brief discussion on their use in catalysis, gas sorption, host-guest chemistry and energy transfer. Among the organic cages, water-soluble analogues are a special class of compounds which have gained renewed attention in recent times. Due to their advantage of being compatible with water, such cages have the potential of showing biomimetic activities and can find use in drug delivery and also as hosts for catalysis in aqueous medium. Hence, the synthetic strategies for the formation of water-soluble organic cages shall be discussed along with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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12
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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13
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Abstract
SignificanceDuring the past decades, the development of efficient methodologies for the creation of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as catenanes and rotaxanes, has not only laid the foundation for the design and syntheses of artificial molecular machines (AMMs) but also opened up new research opportunities in multiple disciplines, ranging from contemporary chemistry to materials science. In this study, we describe a suitane-based strategy for the construction of three-dimensional (3D) catenanes, a subset of MIMs that are far from easy to make. Together with synthetic methodologies based on the metal coordination and dynamic covalent chemistry, this approach brings us one step closer to realizing routine syntheses of 3D catenanes.
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Cao Z, Wu D, Li M, Yang F, Li Z, An W, Jiang S, Zheng X, Niu C, Qu D. An acid-base responsive linear-cyclic polymer rotaxane molecular shuttle with fluorescence signal output. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Abstract
A variety of organic cages with different geometries have been developed during the last decade, most of them exhibiting a single cavity. In contrast, the number of organic cages featuring a pair of cavities remains scarce. These structures may pave the way towards novel porous materials with emergent properties and functions.We herein report on rational design of a three-dimensional hexaformyl precursor 1, which exhibits two types of conformers, i.e. Conformer-1 and -2, with different cleft positions and sizes. Aided by molecular dynamics simulations, we select two triamino conformation capturers (denoted CC). Small-sized CC-1 selectively capture Conformer-1 by matching its cleft size, while the large-sized CC-2 is able to match and capture both conformers. This strategy allows the formation of three compounds with twin cavities, which we coin diphane. The self-assembly of diphane units results in superstructures with tunable proton conductivity, which reaches up to 1.37×10-5 S cm-1. The preparation of nanocages with unprecedented architectures may lead to new functions. Here the authors report the self-assembly of organic cages featuring twin cavities; the geometry and pocket size determine the molecular packing and the proton conductivity performance.
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16
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Jia X, Li C. One-Pot and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17904-17909. [PMID: 34036741 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic cages are fascinating because of their well-defined 3D cavities, excellent stability, and accessible post-modification. However, the synthesis is normally realized by fragment coupling approach in low yields. Herein, we report one-pot, gram-scale and shape-controlled synthesis of two covalent organic cages (box-shaped [4]cage and triangular prism-shaped [2]cage) in yields of 46 % and 52 %, involving direct condensation of triangular 1,3,5-tris(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)benzene monomer with paraformaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde, respectively. The cages can convert into high-yielding per-hydroxylated analogues. The [2]cage can be utilized as gas chromatographic stationary phase for high-resolution separation of benzene/cyclohexane and toluene/methylcyclohexane. By changing the central moiety of the triangular monomer and/or aldehyde, this synthetic method would have the potential to be a general strategy to access diverse cages with tunable shape, size, and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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17
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Jia X, Li C. One‐Pot and Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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18
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Chakraborty D, Modak R, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. De novo approach for the synthesis of water-soluble interlocked and non-interlocked organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3995-3998. [PMID: 33885682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures has bloomed in recent times. Analogous metal-free organic architectures with water solubility are highly challenging. We report here a unique class of triazine based immidazolium water-soluble metal-free interlocked organic cage (1), which was synthesized in a one-pot reaction without using dynamic covalent chemistry and without any chromatographic separation. An analogous non-interlocked cage (2) was also successfully achieved by steric control using different positional isomers of the building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Ritwik Modak
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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19
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Mishra I, Bhol M, Kalimuthu P, Sathiyendiran M. Emerging Spacers-Based Ligands for Supramolecular Coordination Complexes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:594-614. [PMID: 33615668 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) i. e., discrete cyclic metalloarchitectures such as cycles, cages, mesocates, and helicates with desired size, shape, and properties have been increasing exponentially owing to their potential applications in molecular sensors, molecular cargos, molecular recognition, and catalysis. The introduction of the organic motifs and metal complexes as a spacer provides functionality to the metalloarchitecture. This review mainly focusses on newly evolving spacer based ligands employed to yield simple to high-order metallosupramolecular assemblies using straight-forward approaches. The new spacers including corannulene, organic cyclic framework, bicyclic organic motifs, aliphatic chain, metalloligands, triarylboron, BODIPY, azaphosphatrane, phosphine, and thio/selenophosphates offer a great set of properties and in-built functionalities to the metalloarchitectures which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Mamina Bhol
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Chen M, Cao JN, Li S, Liu D, Wang J, Zhao H, Wang G, Wu T, Jiang Z, Wang P. Customized self-assembled molecules: rim adjustable coronal polygons with multiple-folds symmetry. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three desired discrete metallomacrocyclic wreaths with four-, five- and six-fold symmetry were successfully realized in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-nan Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Suqing Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Die Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - He Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guotao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tun Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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