1
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Ero R, Leppik M, Reier K, Liiv A, Remme J. Ribosomal RNA modification enzymes stimulate large ribosome subunit assembly in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6614-6628. [PMID: 38554109 PMCID: PMC11194073 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA modifications are introduced by specific enzymes during ribosome assembly in bacteria. Deletion of individual modification enzymes has a minor effect on bacterial growth, ribosome biogenesis, and translation, which has complicated the definition of the function of the enzymes and their products. We have constructed an Escherichia coli strain lacking 10 genes encoding enzymes that modify 23S rRNA around the peptidyl-transferase center. This strain exhibits severely compromised growth and ribosome assembly, especially at lower temperatures. Re-introduction of the individual modification enzymes allows for the definition of their functions. The results demonstrate that in addition to previously known RlmE, also RlmB, RlmKL, RlmN and RluC facilitate large ribosome subunit assembly. RlmB and RlmKL have functions in ribosome assembly independent of their modification activities. While the assembly stage specificity of rRNA modification enzymes is well established, this study demonstrates that there is a mutual interdependence between the rRNA modification process and large ribosome subunit assembly.
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MESH Headings
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Methyltransferases/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Large/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Bacterial/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Bacterial/genetics
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Ribosomes/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Rya Ero
- IMCB University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Leppik
- IMCB University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaspar Reier
- IMCB University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aivar Liiv
- IMCB University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Remme
- IMCB University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Wagner A, Mutschler H. Design of Novel Synthetic RNA Replicons Based on Emesvirus zinderi. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1773-1780. [PMID: 38806167 PMCID: PMC11197098 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Self-replicating RNAs (srRNAs) are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the self-replicating ability of viral RNAs. srRNAs hold significant promise for a range of applications, including enhancing protein expression, reprogramming cells into pluripotent stem cells, and creating cell-free systems for experimental evolution. However, the development of srRNAs for use in bacterial systems remains limited. Here, we demonstrate how a srRNA scaffold from Emesvirus zinderi can be engineered into a self-encoding srRNA by incorporating the coding region of the catalytically active replicase subunit. With the help of in vitro replication assays, including an in vitro translation-coupled replication approach, we show that the resulting system enables complete replication cycles of RNA both in cis and trans, including long cargo RNAs such as tethered 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNAs. In summary, our findings suggest that these srRNAs have significant potential for fundamental research, synthetic biology, and general in vitro evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wagner
- Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Hannes Mutschler
- Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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3
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Du M, Deng C, Yu T, Zhou Q, Zeng F. YjgA plays dual roles in enhancing PTC maturation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae469. [PMID: 38842932 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a highly regulated cellular process that involves the control of numerous assembly factors. The small protein YjgA has been reported to play a role in the late stages of 50S assembly. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its function remains unclear. In this study, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures revealed that depletion of YjgA or its N-terminal loop in Escherichia coli both lead to the accumulation of immature 50S particles with structural abnormalities mainly in peptidyl transferase center (PTC) and H68/69 region. CryoDRGN analysis uncovered 8 and 6 distinct conformations of pre50S for ΔyjgA and YjgA-ΔNloop, respectively. These conformations highlighted the role of the N-terminal loop of YjgA in integrating uL16 and stabilizing H89 in PTC, which was further verified by the pull-down assays of YjgA and its mutants with uL16. Together with the function of undocking H68 through the binding of its C-terminal CTLH-like domain to the base of the L1 stalk, YjgA facilitates the maturation of PTC. This study identified critical domains of YjgA contributing to 50S assembly efficiency, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dual roles of YjgA in accelerating ribosome biogenesis and expanding our knowledge of the intricate processes governing cellular protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtan Du
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Zeng
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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4
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Mandáková T, Krumpolcová A, Matyášek R, Volkov R, Lysak MA, Kovařík A. Uniparental silencing of 5S rRNA genes in plant allopolyploids - insights from Cardamine (Brassicaceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38838061 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
While the phenomenon of uniparental silencing of 35S rDNA in interspecific hybrids and allopolyploids is well documented, there is a notable absence of information regarding whether such silencing extends to the 5S RNA component of ribosomes. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed the 5S and 35S rDNA expression in Cardamine (Brassicaceae) allopolyploids, namely C. × insueta (2n = 3x = 24, genome composition RRA), C. flexuosa (2n = 4x = 32, AAHH), and C. scutata (2n = 4x = 32, PPAA) which share a common diploid ancestor (AA). We employed high-throughput sequencing of transcriptomes and genomes and phylogenetic analyses of 5S rRNA variants. The genomic organization of rDNA was further scrutinized through clustering and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In the C. × insueta allotriploid, we observed uniparental dominant expression of 5S and 35S rDNA loci. In the C. flexuosa and C. scutata allotetraploids, the expression pattern differed, with the 35S rDNA being expressed from the A subgenome, whereas the 5S rDNA was expressed from the partner subgenome. Both C. flexuosa and C. scutata but not C. × insueta showed copy and locus number changes. We conclude that in stabilized allopolyploids, transcription of ribosomal RNA components occurs from different subgenomes. This phenomenon appears to result in the formation of chimeric ribosomes comprising rRNA molecules derived from distinct parental origins. We speculate that the interplay of epigenetic silencing and rDNA rearrangements introduces an additional layer of variation in multimolecule ribosomal complexes, potentially contributing to the evolutionary success of allopolyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Mandáková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Krumpolcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Matyášek
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Volkov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, 58012, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Martin A Lysak
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Kovařík
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Kofman C, Willi JA, Karim AS, Jewett MC. Ribosome Pool Engineering Increases Protein Biosynthesis Yields. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:871-881. [PMID: 38680563 PMCID: PMC11046459 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthetic capability of the bacterial ribosome motivates efforts to understand and harness sequence-optimized versions for synthetic biology. However, functional differences between natively occurring ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operon sequences remain poorly characterized. Here, we use an in vitro ribosome synthesis and translation platform to measure protein production capabilities of ribosomes derived from all unique combinations of 16S and 23S rRNAs from seven distinct Escherichia coli rRNA operon sequences. We observe that polymorphisms that distinguish native E. coli rRNA operons lead to significant functional changes in the resulting ribosomes, ranging from negligible or low gene expression to matching the protein production activity of the standard rRNA operon B sequence. We go on to generate strains expressing single rRNA operons and show that not only do some purified in vivo expressed homogeneous ribosome pools outperform the wild-type, heterogeneous ribosome pool but also that a crude cell lysate made from the strain expressing only operon A ribosomes shows significant yield increases for a panel of medically and industrially relevant proteins. We anticipate that ribosome pool engineering can be applied as a tool to increase yields across many protein biomanufacturing systems, as well as improve basic understanding of ribosome heterogeneity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Kofman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jessica A. Willi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashty S. Karim
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford California 94305, United States
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6
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Ruan DD, Ruan XL, Wang RL, Lin XF, Zhang YP, Lin B, Li SJ, Wu M, Chen Q, Zhang JH, Cheng Q, Zhang YW, Lin F, Luo JW, Zheng Z, Li YF. Clinical phenotype and genetic function analysis of a family with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-7 caused by POLR3A mutation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7638. [PMID: 38561452 PMCID: PMC10985069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a rare genetic heterogeneous disease that can affect myelin development in the central nervous system. This study aims to analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic function of a family with HLD-7 caused by POLR3A mutation. The proband (IV6) in this family mainly showed progressive cognitive decline, dentin dysplasia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Her three old brothers (IV1, IV2, and IV4) also had different degrees of ataxia, dystonia, or dysarthria besides the aforementioned manifestations. Their brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral periventricular white matter atrophy, brain atrophy, and corpus callosum atrophy and thinning. The proband and her two living brothers (IV2 and IV4) were detected to carry a homozygous mutation of the POLR3A (NM_007055.4) gene c. 2300G > T (p.Cys767Phe), and her consanguineous married parents (III1 and III2) were p.Cys767Phe heterozygous carriers. In the constructed POLR3A wild-type and p.Cys767Phe mutant cells, it was seen that overexpression of wild-type POLR3A protein significantly enhanced Pol III transcription of 5S rRNA and tRNA Leu-CAA. However, although the mutant POLR3A protein overexpression was increased compared to the wild-type protein overexpression, it did not show the expected further enhancement of Pol III function. On the contrary, Pol III transcription function was frustrated (POLR3A, BC200, and tRNA Leu-CAA expression decreased), and MBP and 18S rRNA expressions were decreased. This study indicates that the POLR3A p.Cys767Phe variant caused increased expression of mutated POLR3A protein and abnormal expression of Pol III transcripts, and the mutant POLR3A protein function was abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Ruan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xing-Lin Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ruo-Li Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xin-Fu Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Pediatrics Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yi-Wu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Youxi County General Hospital, Sanming, 365100, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jie-Wei Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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7
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Gerovac M, Chihara K, Wicke L, Böttcher B, Lavigne R, Vogel J. Phage proteins target and co-opt host ribosomes immediately upon infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:787-800. [PMID: 38443577 PMCID: PMC10914614 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages must seize control of the host gene expression machinery to replicate. To bypass bacterial anti-phage defence systems, this host takeover occurs immediately upon infection. A general understanding of phage mechanisms for immediate targeting of host transcription and translation processes is lacking. Here we introduce an integrative high-throughput approach to uncover phage-encoded proteins that target the gene expression machinery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immediately upon infection with the jumbo phage ΦKZ. By integrating biochemical, genetic and structural analyses, we identify an abundant and conserved phage factor ΦKZ014 that targets the large ribosomal subunit by binding the 5S ribosomal RNA, and rapidly promotes replication in several clinical isolates. ΦKZ014 is among the earliest ΦKZ proteins expressed after infection and remains bound to ribosomes during the entire translation cycle. Our study provides a strategy to decipher molecular components of phage-mediated host takeover and argues that phage genomes represent an untapped discovery space for proteins that modulate the host gene expression machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Gerovac
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kotaro Chihara
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Wicke
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Biocenter and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany.
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8
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Zhou S, Van Bortle K. The Pol III transcriptome: Basic features, recurrent patterns, and emerging roles in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1782. [PMID: 36754845 PMCID: PMC10498592 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcriptome is universally comprised of short, highly structured noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Through RNA-protein interactions, the Pol III transcriptome actuates functional activities ranging from nuclear gene regulation (7SK), splicing (U6, U6atac), and RNA maturation and stability (RMRP, RPPH1, Y RNA), to cytoplasmic protein targeting (7SL) and translation (tRNA, 5S rRNA). In higher eukaryotes, the Pol III transcriptome has expanded to include additional, recently evolved ncRNA species that effectively broaden the footprint of Pol III transcription to additional cellular activities. Newly evolved ncRNAs function as riboregulators of autophagy (vault), immune signaling cascades (nc886), and translation (Alu, BC200, snaR). Notably, upregulation of Pol III transcription is frequently observed in cancer, and multiple ncRNA species are linked to both cancer progression and poor survival outcomes among cancer patients. In this review, we outline the basic features and functions of the Pol III transcriptome, and the evidence for dysregulation and dysfunction for each ncRNA in cancer. When taken together, recurrent patterns emerge, ranging from shared functional motifs that include molecular scaffolding and protein sequestration, overlapping protein interactions, and immunostimulatory activities, to the biogenesis of analogous small RNA fragments and noncanonical miRNAs, augmenting the function of the Pol III transcriptome and further broadening its role in cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Zhou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Van Bortle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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9
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Zhang H, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Gan H, Li H, Chen S, Shan H, Pang P, He H. DDX24 Mutation Alters NPM1 Phase Behavior and Disrupts Nucleolar Homeostasis in Vascular Malformations. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4123-4138. [PMID: 37705750 PMCID: PMC10496494 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in the DEAD-box helicase DDX24 are associated with vascular malformations such as multi-organ venous and lymphatic defect (MOVLD) syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome, with the pathogenesis largely uncharacterized. DDX24 is mainly located in the nucleolus, where nucleophosmin (NPM1) regulates nucleolar homeostasis via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). However, the connection between DDX24 and NPM1 in vascular malformation remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that DDX24 formed biomolecular condensates in vitro and the mutated DDX24 protein, DDX24E271K, partitioned less into the nucleoli in tissues from patients with MOVLD syndrome and cultured endothelial cells (ECs), altering nucleolar morphology. Furthermore, DDX24 was directly associated with NPM1 to regulate its phase behavior as a client in the nucleolar granular component (GC). Functionally, we showed that DDX24 was essential in maintaining nucleolar homeostasis of ECs and that either mutation or knockdown of DDX24 led to the dysfunction of ribosome biogenesis and the elevated capability of cell migration and tube formation. Our findings illustrate how DDX24 mutation affects nucleolar structure and function by regulating the phase behavior of NPM1 in the setting of vascular malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China 519000
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Hairun Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Hanjie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
| | - Huanhuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China 519000
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10
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Watt KE, Macintosh J, Bernard G, Trainor PA. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:49-63. [PMID: 35422389 PMCID: PMC9550887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that are globally required for the translation of all proteins in all cells. Ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell growth, proliferation and survival, commences with transcription of a variety of RNAs by RNA Polymerases I and III. RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), while RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNA) in addition to a wide variety of small non-coding RNAs. Interestingly, despite their global importance, disruptions in Pol I and Pol III function result in tissue-specific developmental disorders, with craniofacial anomalies and leukodystrophy/neurodegenerative disease being among the most prevalent. Furthermore, pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits shared between Pol I and Pol III give rise to distinct syndromes depending on whether Pol I or Pol III function is disrupted. In this review, we discuss the global roles of Pol I and III transcription, the consequences of disruptions in Pol I and III transcription, disorders arising from pathogenic variants in Pol I and Pol III subunits, and mechanisms underpinning their tissue-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin En Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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11
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Kofman C, Watkins AM, Kim D, Willi JA, Wooldredge A, Karim A, Das R, Jewett MC. Computationally-guided design and selection of high performing ribosomal active site mutants. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:13143-13154. [PMID: 36484094 PMCID: PMC9825160 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how modifications to the ribosome affect function has implications for studying ribosome biogenesis, building minimal cells, and repurposing ribosomes for synthetic biology. However, efforts to design sequence-modified ribosomes have been limited because point mutations in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA), especially in the catalytic active site (peptidyl transferase center; PTC), are often functionally detrimental. Moreover, methods for directed evolution of rRNA are constrained by practical considerations (e.g. library size). Here, to address these limitations, we developed a computational rRNA design approach for screening guided libraries of mutant ribosomes. Our method includes in silico library design and selection using a Rosetta stepwise Monte Carlo method (SWM), library construction and in vitro testing of combined ribosomal assembly and translation activity, and functional characterization in vivo. As a model, we apply our method to making modified ribosomes with mutant PTCs. We engineer ribosomes with as many as 30 mutations in their PTCs, highlighting previously unidentified epistatic interactions, and show that SWM helps identify sequences with beneficial phenotypes as compared to random library sequences. We further demonstrate that some variants improve cell growth in vivo, relative to wild type ribosomes. We anticipate that SWM design and selection may serve as a powerful tool for rRNA engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Kofman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Andrew M Watkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Prescient Design, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Do Soon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Inceptive Nucleics, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jessica A Willi
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexandra C Wooldredge
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rhiju Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Khairullina ZZ, Makarov GI, Tereshchenkov AG, Buev VS, Lukianov DA, Polshakov VI, Tashlitsky VN, Osterman IA, Sumbatyan NV. Conjugates of Desmycosin with Fragments of Antimicrobial Peptide Oncocin: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity, Interaction with Ribosome. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:871-889. [PMID: 36180983 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of conjugates consisting of the macrolide antibiotic desmycosin and fragments of the antibacterial peptide oncocin were performed in attempt to develop new antimicrobial compounds. New compounds were shown to bind to the E. coli 70S ribosomes, to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis in vitro, as well as to suppress bacterial growth. The conjugates of N-terminal hexa- and tripeptide fragments of oncocin and 3,2',4''-triacetyldesmycosin were found to be active against some strains of macrolide-resistant bacteria. By simulating molecular dynamics of the complexes of these compounds with the wild-type bacterial ribosomes and with ribosomes, containing A2059G 23S RNA mutation, the specific structural features of their interactions were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey G Tereshchenkov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Vitaly S Buev
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A Lukianov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Polshakov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vadim N Tashlitsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
| | - Natalia V Sumbatyan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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13
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A Conundrum of r-Protein Stability: Unbalanced Stoichiometry of r-Proteins during Stationary Phase in Escherichia coli. mBio 2022; 13:e0187322. [PMID: 35980033 PMCID: PMC9601097 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01873-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ribosomes are composed of three rRNA and over 50 ribosomal protein (r-protein) molecules. r-proteins are essential for ribosome assembly and structural stability and also participate in almost all ribosome functions. Ribosomal components are present in stoichiometric amounts in the mature 70S ribosomes during exponential and early stationary growth phases. Ribosomes are degraded in stationary phase; however, the stability and fate of r-proteins during stationary growth phase are not known. In this study, we report a quantitative analysis of ribosomal components during extended stationary-phase growth in Escherichia coli. We show that (i) the quantity of ribosomes per cell mass decreases in stationary phase, (ii) 70S ribosomes contain r-proteins in stoichiometric amounts, (iii) 30S subunits are degraded faster than 50S subunits, (iv) the quantities of 21 r-proteins in the total proteome decrease during 14 days (short-lived r-proteins) concomitantly with the reduction of cellular RNA, and (e) 30 r-proteins are stable and form a pool of free r-proteins (stable r-proteins). Thus, r-proteins are present in nonstoichiometric amounts in the proteome of E. coli during the extended stationary phase.
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14
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Tirumalai MR, Rivas M, Tran Q, Fox GE. The Peptidyl Transferase Center: a Window to the Past. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e0010421. [PMID: 34756086 PMCID: PMC8579967 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00104-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In his 2001 article, "Translation: in retrospect and prospect," the late Carl Woese made a prescient observation that there was a need for the then-current view of translation to be "reformulated to become an all-embracing perspective about which 21st century Biology can develop" (RNA 7:1055-1067, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355838201010615). The quest to decipher the origins of life and the road to the genetic code are both inextricably linked with the history of the ribosome. After over 60 years of research, significant progress in our understanding of how ribosomes work has been made. Particularly attractive is a model in which the ribosome may facilitate an ∼180° rotation of the CCA end of the tRNA from the A-site to the P-site while the acceptor stem of the tRNA would then undergo a translation from the A-site to the P-site. However, the central question of how the ribosome originated remains unresolved. Along the path from a primitive RNA world or an RNA-peptide world to a proto-ribosome world, the advent of the peptidyl transferase activity would have been a seminal event. This functionality is now housed within a local region of the large-subunit (LSU) rRNA, namely, the peptidyl transferase center (PTC). The PTC is responsible for peptide bond formation during protein synthesis and is usually considered to be the oldest part of the modern ribosome. What is frequently overlooked is that by examining the origins of the PTC itself, one is likely going back even further in time. In this regard, it has been proposed that the modern PTC originated from the association of two smaller RNAs that were once independent and now comprise a pseudosymmetric region in the modern PTC. Could such an association have survived? Recent studies have shown that the extant PTC is largely depleted of ribosomal protein interactions. It is other elements like metallic ion coordination and nonstandard base/base interactions that would have had to stabilize the association of RNAs. Here, we present a detailed review of the literature focused on the nature of the extant PTC and its proposed ancestor, the proto-ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan R. Tirumalai
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mario Rivas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quyen Tran
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George E. Fox
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Davidian AG, Dyomin AG, Galkina SA, Makarova NE, Dmitriev SE, Gaginskaya ER. 45S rDNA Repeats of Turtles and Crocodiles Harbor a Functional 5S rRNA Gene Specifically Expressed in Oocytes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6432055. [PMID: 34905062 PMCID: PMC8789306 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotic genomes, tandemly repeated copies of 5S rRNA genes are clustered outside the nucleolus organizer region (NOR), which normally encodes three other major rRNAs: 18S, 5.8S, and 28S. Our analysis of turtle rDNA sequences has revealed a 5S rDNA insertion into the NOR intergenic spacer in antisense orientation. The insertion (hereafter called NOR-5S rRNA gene) has a length of 119 bp and coexists with the canonical 5S rDNA clusters outside the NOR. Despite the ∼20% nucleotide difference between the two 5S gene sequences, their internal control regions for RNA polymerase III are similar. Using the turtle Trachemys scripta as a model species, we showed the NOR-5S rDNA specific expression in oocytes. This expression is concurrent with the NOR rDNA amplification during oocyte growth. We show that in vitellogenic oocytes, the NOR-5S rRNA prevails over the canonical 5S rRNA in the ribosomes, suggesting a role of modified ribosomes in oocyte-specific translation. The orders Testudines and Crocodilia seem to be the only taxa of vertebrates with such a peculiar rDNA organization. We speculate that the amplification of the 5S rRNA genes as a part of the NOR DNA during oogenesis provides a dosage balance between transcription of all the four ribosomal RNAs while producing a maternal pool of extra ribosomes. We further hypothesize that the NOR-5S rDNA insertion appeared in the Archelosauria clade during the Permian period and was lost later in the ancestors of Aves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya G Davidian
- Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander G Dyomin
- Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Galkina
- Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Makarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena R Gaginskaya
- Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Korostelev AA. Diversity and Similarity of Termination and Ribosome Rescue in Bacterial, Mitochondrial, and Cytoplasmic Translation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:1107-1121. [PMID: 34565314 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921090066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
When a ribosome encounters the stop codon of an mRNA, it terminates translation, releases the newly made protein, and is recycled to initiate translation on a new mRNA. Termination is a highly dynamic process in which release factors (RF1 and RF2 in bacteria; eRF1•eRF3•GTP in eukaryotes) coordinate peptide release with large-scale molecular rearrangements of the ribosome. Ribosomes stalled on aberrant mRNAs are rescued and recycled by diverse bacterial, mitochondrial, or cytoplasmic quality control mechanisms. These are catalyzed by rescue factors with peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase activity (bacterial ArfA•RF2 and ArfB, mitochondrial ICT1 and mtRF-R, and cytoplasmic Vms1), that are distinct from each other and from release factors. Nevertheless, recent structural studies demonstrate a remarkable similarity between translation termination and ribosome rescue mechanisms. This review describes how these pathways rely on inherent ribosome dynamics, emphasizing the active role of the ribosome in all translation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Korostelev
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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17
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Nikolay R, Hilal T, Schmidt S, Qin B, Schwefel D, Vieira-Vieira CH, Mielke T, Bürger J, Loerke J, Amikura K, Flügel T, Ueda T, Selbach M, Deuerling E, Spahn CMT. Snapshots of native pre-50S ribosomes reveal a biogenesis factor network and evolutionary specialization. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1200-1215.e9. [PMID: 33639093 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental multi-step cellular process that culminates in the formation of ribosomal subunits, whose production and modification are regulated by numerous biogenesis factors. In this study, we analyze physiologic prokaryotic ribosome biogenesis by isolating bona fide pre-50S subunits from an Escherichia coli strain with the biogenesis factor ObgE, affinity tagged at its native gene locus. Our integrative structural approach reveals a network of interacting biogenesis factors consisting of YjgA, RluD, RsfS, and ObgE on the immature pre-50S subunit. In addition, our study provides mechanistic insight into how the GTPase ObgE, in concert with other biogenesis factors, facilitates the maturation of the 50S functional core and reveals both conserved and divergent evolutionary features of ribosome biogenesis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Nikolay
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tarek Hilal
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Research Centre for Electron Microscopy, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bo Qin
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Schwefel
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos H Vieira-Vieira
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bürger
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Loerke
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuaki Amikura
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, FSB-401, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Timo Flügel
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takuya Ueda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, FSB-401, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Deuerling
- Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian M T Spahn
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Tobiasson V, Gahura O, Aibara S, Baradaran R, Zíková A, Amunts A. Interconnected assembly factors regulate the biogenesis of mitoribosomal large subunit. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106292. [PMID: 33576519 PMCID: PMC7957421 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA and protein components, coordinated assembly of which is critical for function. We used mitoribosomes from Trypanosoma brucei with reduced RNA and increased protein mass to provide insights into the biogenesis of the mitoribosomal large subunit. Structural characterization of a stable assembly intermediate revealed 22 assembly factors, some of which have orthologues/counterparts/homologues in mammalian genomes. These assembly factors form a protein network that spans a distance of 180 Å, shielding the ribosomal RNA surface. The central protuberance and L7/L12 stalk are not assembled entirely and require removal of assembly factors and remodeling of the mitoribosomal proteins to become functional. The conserved proteins GTPBP7 and mt‐EngA are bound together at the subunit interface in proximity to the peptidyl transferase center. A mitochondrial acyl‐carrier protein plays a role in docking the L1 stalk, which needs to be repositioned during maturation. Additional enzymatically deactivated factors scaffold the assembly while the exit tunnel is blocked. Together, this extensive network of accessory factors stabilizes the immature sites and connects the functionally important regions of the mitoribosomal large subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tobiasson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Gahura
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Shintaro Aibara
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rozbeh Baradaran
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
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19
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Stepanov VG, Fox GE. Expansion segments in bacterial and archaeal 5S ribosomal RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:133-150. [PMID: 33184227 PMCID: PMC7812874 DOI: 10.1261/rna.077123.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The large ribosomal RNAs of eukaryotes frequently contain expansion sequences that add to the size of the rRNAs but do not affect their overall structural layout and are compatible with major ribosomal function as an mRNA translation machine. The expansion of prokaryotic ribosomal RNAs is much less explored. In order to obtain more insight into the structural variability of these conserved molecules, we herein report the results of a comprehensive search for the expansion sequences in prokaryotic 5S rRNAs. Overall, 89 expanded 5S rRNAs of 15 structural types were identified in 15 archaeal and 36 bacterial genomes. Expansion segments ranging in length from 13 to 109 residues were found to be distributed among 17 insertion sites. The strains harboring the expanded 5S rRNAs belong to the bacterial orders Clostridiales, Halanaerobiales, Thermoanaerobacterales, and Alteromonadales as well as the archael order Halobacterales When several copies of a 5S rRNA gene are present in a genome, the expanded versions may coexist with normal 5S rRNA genes. The insertion sequences are typically capable of forming extended helices, which do not seemingly interfere with folding of the conserved core. The expanded 5S rRNAs have largely been overlooked in 5S rRNA databases.
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MESH Headings
- Alteromonadaceae/classification
- Alteromonadaceae/genetics
- Alteromonadaceae/metabolism
- Base Pairing
- Base Sequence
- Clostridiales/classification
- Clostridiales/genetics
- Clostridiales/metabolism
- Firmicutes/classification
- Firmicutes/genetics
- Firmicutes/metabolism
- Genome, Archaeal
- Genome, Bacterial
- Halobacteriales/classification
- Halobacteriales/genetics
- Halobacteriales/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Archaeal/metabolism
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/metabolism
- Thermoanaerobacterium/classification
- Thermoanaerobacterium/genetics
- Thermoanaerobacterium/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Stepanov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5001, USA
| | - George E Fox
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5001, USA
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20
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu M, Ma Z, Huang Z, Tian F, Dong S, Luo S, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Li N, He X, Cao H. The scientific elucidation of daodi medicinal materials. Chin Med 2020; 15:86. [PMID: 32843892 PMCID: PMC7439724 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Daodi medicinal materials (DMMs), with unique characteristics and specific ecological growing environments, are recognized as high-quality medicinal products of Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs). The quality evaluation of CMMs is fundamental for standardization. The concept and application of DMMs have a long history as described in records in ancient books and rooted in practice and experience over generations. DMM is the specific term for pure, superior medicinal herbs with the following characteristics: optimum harvest season (reflecting the appropriate developmental stage of the plant), scrupulous processing, traditional preparation technology, etc. As DMM and high-quality medicinal products are traditionally thought to be closely related, modern scientific studies that confirm the association of these products are described. This article aims to clarify the scientific elucidation of DMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Liu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Zihan Huang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Fang Tian
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Sihan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Simin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Jinju Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Nanxin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xiaofang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Hui Cao
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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