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Xie T, Adamek M, Cho H, Adamo MA, Ritaccio AL, Willie JT, Brunner P, Kubanek J. Graded decisions in the human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4308. [PMID: 38773117 PMCID: PMC11109249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decision-makers objectively commit to a definitive choice, yet at the subjective level, human decisions appear to be associated with a degree of uncertainty. Whether decisions are definitive (i.e., concluding in all-or-none choices), or whether the underlying representations are graded, remains unclear. To answer this question, we recorded intracranial neural signals directly from the brain while human subjects made perceptual decisions. The recordings revealed that broadband gamma activity reflecting each individual's decision-making process, ramped up gradually while being graded by the accumulated decision evidence. Crucially, this grading effect persisted throughout the decision process without ever reaching a definite bound at the time of choice. This effect was most prominent in the parietal cortex, a brain region traditionally implicated in decision-making. These results provide neural evidence for a graded decision process in humans and an analog framework for flexible choice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Markus Adamek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hohyun Cho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew A Adamo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Anthony L Ritaccio
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Jan Kubanek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Weber J, Solbakk AK, Blenkmann AO, Llorens A, Funderud I, Leske S, Larsson PG, Ivanovic J, Knight RT, Endestad T, Helfrich RF. Ramping dynamics and theta oscillations reflect dissociable signatures during rule-guided human behavior. Nat Commun 2024; 15:637. [PMID: 38245516 PMCID: PMC10799948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Contextual cues and prior evidence guide human goal-directed behavior. The neurophysiological mechanisms that implement contextual priors to guide subsequent actions in the human brain remain unclear. Using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), we demonstrate that increasing uncertainty introduces a shift from a purely oscillatory to a mixed processing regime with an additional ramping component. Oscillatory and ramping dynamics reflect dissociable signatures, which likely differentially contribute to the encoding and transfer of different cognitive variables in a cue-guided motor task. The results support the idea that prefrontal activity encodes rules and ensuing actions in distinct coding subspaces, while theta oscillations synchronize the prefrontal-motor network, possibly to guide action execution. Collectively, our results reveal how two key features of large-scale neural population activity, namely continuous ramping dynamics and oscillatory synchrony, jointly support rule-guided human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Weber
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for the Mechanisms of Mental Function and Dysfunction, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Alejandro O Blenkmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anais Llorens
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Funderud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leske
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tor Endestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Tiesinga P, Platonov A, Pelliccia V, LoRusso G, Sartori I, Orban GA. Uncovering the fast, directional signal flow through the human temporal pole during semantic processing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6831. [PMID: 37100843 PMCID: PMC10133264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal pole (TP) plays a central role in semantic memory, yet its neural machinery is unknown. Intracerebral recordings in patients discriminating visually the gender or actions of an actor, yielded gender discrimination responses in the ventrolateral (VL) and tip (T) regions of right TP. Granger causality revealed task-specific signals travelling first forward from VL to T, under control of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and neighboring prefrontal cortex, and then, strongly, backwards from T to VL. Many other cortical regions provided inputs to or received outputs from both TP regions, often with longer delays, with ventral temporal afferents to VL signaling the actor's physical appearance. The TP response timing reflected more that of the connections to VL, controlled by OFC, than that of the input leads themselves. Thus, visual evidence for gender categories, collected by VL, activates category labels in T, and consequently, category features in VL, indicating a two-stage representation of semantic categories in TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tiesinga
- Neuroinformatics Department, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Platonov
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39/E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - V Pelliccia
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Ospedale Niguarda-Ca' Granda, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - G LoRusso
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Ospedale Niguarda-Ca' Granda, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - I Sartori
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Ospedale Niguarda-Ca' Granda, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - G A Orban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39/E, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Mercier MR, Dubarry AS, Tadel F, Avanzini P, Axmacher N, Cellier D, Vecchio MD, Hamilton LS, Hermes D, Kahana MJ, Knight RT, Llorens A, Megevand P, Melloni L, Miller KJ, Piai V, Puce A, Ramsey NF, Schwiedrzik CM, Smith SE, Stolk A, Swann NC, Vansteensel MJ, Voytek B, Wang L, Lachaux JP, Oostenveld R. Advances in human intracranial electroencephalography research, guidelines and good practices. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119438. [PMID: 35792291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the second-half of the twentieth century, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), including both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), has provided an intimate view into the human brain. At the interface between fundamental research and the clinic, iEEG provides both high temporal resolution and high spatial specificity but comes with constraints, such as the individual's tailored sparsity of electrode sampling. Over the years, researchers in neuroscience developed their practices to make the most of the iEEG approach. Here we offer a critical review of iEEG research practices in a didactic framework for newcomers, as well addressing issues encountered by proficient researchers. The scope is threefold: (i) review common practices in iEEG research, (ii) suggest potential guidelines for working with iEEG data and answer frequently asked questions based on the most widespread practices, and (iii) based on current neurophysiological knowledge and methodologies, pave the way to good practice standards in iEEG research. The organization of this paper follows the steps of iEEG data processing. The first section contextualizes iEEG data collection. The second section focuses on localization of intracranial electrodes. The third section highlights the main pre-processing steps. The fourth section presents iEEG signal analysis methods. The fifth section discusses statistical approaches. The sixth section draws some unique perspectives on iEEG research. Finally, to ensure a consistent nomenclature throughout the manuscript and to align with other guidelines, e.g., Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and the OHBM Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), we provide a glossary to disambiguate terms related to iEEG research.
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Du J, Zhu Y, Zhao C, Yang D, Yu T, Zhang X, Ren L, Wang Y. Distinct Patterns of Automatic and Controlled Incongruent Information Processing in the Human Brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:836374. [PMID: 35601902 PMCID: PMC9121373 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.836374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a fundamental ability to discriminate incongruent information in daily activity. However, the underlying neural dynamics are still unclear. Using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), in this study, we investigated the fine-grained and different states of incongruent information processing in patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent intracranial electrode implantation. All patients performed a delayed match-to-sample paradigm in the sequential pairs of visual stimuli (S1 followed by S2). Participants were asked to discriminate whether the relevant feature of S2 was identical to S1 while ignoring the irrelevant feature. The spatiotemporal cortical responses evoked by different conditions were calculated and compared, respectively, in the context of brain intrinsic functional networks. In total, we obtained SEEG recordings from 241 contacts in gray matter. In the processing of irrelevant incongruent information, the activated brain areas included the superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. By comparing the relevant incongruent condition with the congruent condition, the activated brain areas included the middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and posterior cingulate cortex. We demonstrated the dynamics of incongruent information processing with high spatiotemporal resolution and suggested that the process of automatic detection of irrelevant incongruent information requires the involvement of local regions and relatively few networks. Meanwhile, controlled discrimination of relevant incongruent information requires the participation of extensive regions and a wide range of nodes in the network. Furthermore, both the frontoparietal control network and default mode network were engaged in the incongruent information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongju Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liankun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liankun Ren
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Wang
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Cardellicchio P, Dolfini E, D'Ausilio A. The role of dorsal premotor cortex in joint action stopping. iScience 2021; 24:103330. [PMID: 34805791 PMCID: PMC8586805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sensorimotor interaction requires mutual behavioral adaptation as well as shared cognitive task representations (Joint Action, JA). Yet, an under-investigated aspect of JA is the neurobehavioral mechanisms employed to stop actions if the context calls for it. Sparse evidence points to the possible contribution of the left dorsal premotor cortex (lPMd) in sculpting movements according to the socio-interactive context. To clarify this issue, we ran two experiments integrating a classical stop signal paradigm with an ecological JA task. The first behavioral study shows longer Stop performance in the JA condition. In the second, we use transcranial magnetic stimulation to inhibit the lPMd or a control site (vertex). Results show that lPMd modulates the JA stopping performance. Action stopping is an important component of JA coordination, and here we provide evidence that lPMd is a key node of a brain network recruited for online mutual co-adaptation in social contexts. Interaction requires mutual adaptation and a shared cognitive task representation Sensorimotor representations must be negotiated between partners to achieve the goal Motor suppression mechanisms might be essential in Joint Action coordination Dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) plays a key role in guiding Joint Action coordination
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cardellicchio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Dolfini
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Wang D, Tan J, Zhu H, Mei Y, Liu X. Biomedical Implants with Charge-Transfer Monitoring and Regulating Abilities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004393. [PMID: 34166584 PMCID: PMC8373130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane charge (ion/electron) transfer is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is involved in many biological processes, from protein synthesis to embryonic development in organisms. Designing implant devices that can detect or regulate cellular transmembrane charge transfer is expected to sense and modulate the behaviors of host cells and tissues. Thus, charge transfer can be regarded as a bridge connecting living systems and human-made implantable devices. This review describes the mode and mechanism of charge transfer between organisms and nonliving materials, and summarizes the strategies to endow implants with charge-transfer regulating or monitoring abilities. Furthermore, three major charge-transfer controlling systems, including wired, self-activated, and stimuli-responsive biomedical implants, as well as the design principles and pivotal materials are systematically elaborated. The clinical challenges and the prospects for future development of these implant devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Ji Tan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
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Abstract
The discovery of neural signals that reflect the dynamics of perceptual decision formation has had a considerable impact. Not only do such signals enable detailed investigations of the neural implementation of the decision-making process but they also can expose key elements of the brain's decision algorithms. For a long time, such signals were only accessible through direct animal brain recordings, and progress in human neuroscience was hampered by the limitations of noninvasive recording techniques. However, recent methodological advances are increasingly enabling the study of human brain signals that finely trace the dynamics of the unfolding decision process. In this review, we highlight how human neurophysiological data are now being leveraged to furnish new insights into the multiple processing levels involved in forming decisions, to inform the construction and evaluation of mathematical models that can explain intra- and interindividual differences, and to examine how key ancillary processes interact with core decision circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Simon P Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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Gerbella M, Borra E, Pothof F, Lanzilotto M, Livi A, Fogassi L, Paul O, Orban G, Ruther P, Bonini L. Histological assessment of a chronically implanted cylindrically-shaped, polymer-based neural probe in the monkey. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33461177 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abdd11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies demonstrated the possibility to fabricate stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) probes with high channel count and great design freedom, which incorporate macro- as well as micro-electrodes offering potential benefits for the pre-surgical evaluation of drug resistant epileptic patients. These new polyimide probes allowed to record local field potentials and multi-unit activity in the macaque monkey as early as one hour after implantation, yielding stable single-unit activity for up to 26 days after implantation. The findings opened new perspectives for investigating mechanisms underlying focal epilepsy and its treatment, but before moving to possible human applications, safety data are needed. Thus, in the present study we evaluate the biocompatibility of this new neural interface by assessing post-mortem the reaction of brain tissue along and around the probe implantation site. APPROACH Three probes were implanted, independently, in the brain of one monkey (Macaca mulatta) at different times. We used specific immunostaining methods for visualizing neuronal cells and astrocytes, for measuring the extent of damage caused by the probe and for relating it with the implantation time. MAIN RESULTS The size of the region where neurons cannot be detected did not exceed the size of the probe, indicating that a complete loss of neuronal cells is only present where the probe was physically positioned in the brain. Furthermore, around the probe shank, we observed a slightly reduced number of neurons within a radius of 50 µm and a modest increase in the number of astrocytes within 100 µm. SIGNIFICANCE In the light of previous electrophysiological findings, the present biocompatibility data suggest the potential usefulness and safety of this probe for human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Gerbella
- University of Parma Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, ITALY
| | - Elena Borra
- University of Parma Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, 43126, ITALY
| | - Frederick Pothof
- University of Freiburg, Germany, 79085, Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, 79085, GERMANY
| | - Marco Lanzilotto
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Verdi 8, Torino, Piemonte, 10124, ITALY
| | - Alessandro Livi
- University of Parma Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, 43126, ITALY
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, ITALY
| | - Oliver Paul
- University of Freiburg, Germany, 79085, Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, 79085, GERMANY
| | - Guy Orban
- University of Parma Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, 43126, ITALY
| | - Patrick Ruther
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany, 79085, Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, Freiburg, 79085, GERMANY
| | - Luca Bonini
- Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, University of Parma Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, 43126, ITALY
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