1
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Sabath K, Nabih A, Arnold C, Moussa R, Domjan D, Zaugg JB, Jonas S. Basis of gene-specific transcription regulation by the Integrator complex. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00474-X. [PMID: 38906142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The Integrator complex attenuates gene expression via the premature termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) at promoter-proximal pausing sites. It is required for stimulus response, cell differentiation, and neurodevelopment, but how gene-specific and adaptive regulation by Integrator is achieved remains unclear. Here, we identify two sites on human Integrator subunits 13/14 that serve as binding hubs for sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) and other transcription effector complexes. When Integrator is attached to paused RNAP2, these hubs are positioned upstream of the transcription bubble, consistent with simultaneous TF-promoter tethering. The TFs co-localize with Integrator genome-wide, increase Integrator abundance on target genes, and co-regulate responsive transcriptional programs. For instance, sensory cilia formation induced by glucose starvation depends on Integrator-TF contacts. Our data suggest TF-mediated promoter recruitment of Integrator as a widespread mechanism for targeted transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sabath
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Amena Nabih
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Arnold
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rim Moussa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Domjan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jonas
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Razew M, Fraudeau A, Pfleiderer MM, Linares R, Galej WP. Structural basis of the Integrator complex assembly and association with transcription factors. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00431-3. [PMID: 38823386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Integrator is a multi-subunit protein complex responsible for premature transcription termination of coding and non-coding RNAs. This is achieved via two enzymatic activities, RNA endonuclease and protein phosphatase, acting on the promoter-proximally paused RNA polymerase Ⅱ (RNAPⅡ). Yet, it remains unclear how Integrator assembly and recruitment are regulated and what the functions of many of its core subunits are. Here, we report the structures of two human Integrator sub-complexes: INTS10/13/14/15 and INTS5/8/10/15, and an integrative model of the fully assembled Integrator bound to the RNAPⅡ paused elongating complex (PEC). An in silico protein-protein interaction screen of over 1,500 human transcription factors (TFs) identified ZNF655 as a direct interacting partner of INTS13 within the fully assembled Integrator. We propose a model wherein INTS13 acts as a platform for the recruitment of TFs that could modulate the stability of the Integrator's association at specific loci and regulate transcription attenuation of the target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Razew
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Angelique Fraudeau
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Moritz M Pfleiderer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Linares
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Wojciech P Galej
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
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3
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Fianu I, Ochmann M, Walshe JL, Dybkov O, Cruz JN, Urlaub H, Cramer P. Structural basis of Integrator-dependent RNA polymerase II termination. Nature 2024; 629:219-227. [PMID: 38570683 PMCID: PMC11062913 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The Integrator complex can terminate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region of genes. Previous work has shed light on how Integrator binds to the paused elongation complex consisting of Pol II, the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and the negative elongation factor (NELF) and how it cleaves the nascent RNA transcript1, but has not explained how Integrator removes Pol II from the DNA template. Here we present three cryo-electron microscopy structures of the complete Integrator-PP2A complex in different functional states. The structure of the pre-termination complex reveals a previously unresolved, scorpion-tail-shaped INTS10-INTS13-INTS14-INTS15 module that may use its 'sting' to open the DSIF DNA clamp and facilitate termination. The structure of the post-termination complex shows that the previously unresolved subunit INTS3 and associated sensor of single-stranded DNA complex (SOSS) factors prevent Pol II rebinding to Integrator after termination. The structure of the free Integrator-PP2A complex in an inactive closed conformation2 reveals that INTS6 blocks the PP2A phosphatase active site. These results lead to a model for how Integrator terminates Pol II transcription in three steps that involve major rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Fianu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Moritz Ochmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - James L Walshe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olexandr Dybkov
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Neos Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics Group, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Twumasi G, Wang H, Xi Y, Qi J, Li L, Bai L, Liu H. Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Pigmentation Patterns of Single Feathers of Tianfu Nonghua Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:85. [PMID: 38200816 PMCID: PMC10778472 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern advanced genetics and breeding programs, the study of genes related to pigmentation in ducks is gaining much attention and popularity. Genes and DNA mutation cause variations in the plumage color traits of ducks. Therefore, discovering related genes responsible for different color traits and pigment patterns on each side of the single feathers in Chinese ducks is important for genetic studies. In this study, we collected feather images from 340 ducks and transported them into Image Pro Plus (IPP) 6.0 software to quantify the melanin content in the feathers. Thereafter, a genome-wide association study was conducted to reveal the genes responsible for variations in the feather color trait. The results from this study revealed that the pigmented region was larger in the male ducks as compared to the female ducks. In addition, the pigmented region was larger on the right side of the feather vane than on the left side in both dorsal and ventral feathers, and a positive correlation was observed among the feather color traits. Further, among the annotated genes, WNT3A, DOCK1, RAB1A, and ALDH1A3 were identified to play important roles in the variation in pigmented regions of the various feathers. This study also revealed that five candidate genes, including DPP8, HACD3, INTS14, SLC24A1, and DENND4A, were associated with the color pigment on the dorsal feathers of the ducks. Genes such as PRKG1, SETD6, RALYL, and ZNF704 reportedly play important roles in ventral feather color traits. This study revealed that genes such as WNT3A, DOCK1, RAB1A, and ALDH1A3 were associated with different pigmentation patterns, thereby providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms of single-feather pigmentation patterns in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Twumasi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huazhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.T.); (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Q.); (L.L.); (L.B.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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5
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Fujiwara R, Zhai SN, Liang D, Shah AP, Tracey M, Ma XK, Fields CJ, Mendoza-Figueroa MS, Meline MC, Tatomer DC, Yang L, Wilusz JE. IntS6 and the Integrator phosphatase module tune the efficiency of select premature transcription termination events. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4445-4460.e7. [PMID: 37995689 PMCID: PMC10841813 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The metazoan-specific Integrator complex catalyzes 3' end processing of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and premature termination that attenuates the transcription of many protein-coding genes. Integrator has RNA endonuclease and protein phosphatase activities, but it remains unclear if both are required for complex function. Here, we show IntS6 (Integrator subunit 6) over-expression blocks Integrator function at a subset of Drosophila protein-coding genes, although having no effect on snRNAs or attenuation of other loci. Over-expressed IntS6 titrates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits, thereby only affecting gene loci where phosphatase activity is necessary for Integrator function. IntS6 functions analogous to a PP2A regulatory B subunit as over-expression of canonical B subunits, which do not bind Integrator, is also sufficient to inhibit Integrator activity. These results show that the phosphatase module is critical at only a subset of Integrator-regulated genes and point to PP2A recruitment as a tunable step that modulates transcription termination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Si-Nan Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongming Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aayushi P Shah
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Tracey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xu-Kai Ma
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christopher J Fields
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - María Saraí Mendoza-Figueroa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele C Meline
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deirdre C Tatomer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Jung JH, Jeon S, Kim H, Jung SH. Generation of ints14 Knockout Zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 for the Study of Development and Disease Mechanisms. Dev Reprod 2023; 27:205-211. [PMID: 38292235 PMCID: PMC10824568 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2023.27.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTS14/VWA9, a component of the integrator complex subunits, plays a pivotal role in regulating the fate of numerous nascent RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, particularly in the biogenesis of small nuclear RNAs and enhancer RNAs. Despite its significance, a comprehensive mutation model for developmental research has been lacking. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of INTS14 during zebrafish embryonic development. We generated ints14 mutant strains using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We validated the gRNA activity by co-injecting Cas9 protein and a single guide RNA into fertilized zebrafish eggs, subsequently confirming the presence of a 6- or 9-bp deletion in the ints14 gene. In addition, we examined the two mutant alleles through PCR analysis, T7E1 assay, TA-cloning, and sequencing. For the first time, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to create a model in which some sequences of the ints14 gene were removed. This breakthrough opens new avenues for in-depth exploration of the role of ints14 in animal diseases. The mutant strains generated in this study can provide a valuable resource for further investigations into the specific consequences of ints14 gene deletion during zebrafish development. This research establishes a foundation for future studies exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of ints14, its interactions with other genes or proteins, and its broader implications for biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jung
- Department of Genetic Resources, 75 National Marine
Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662,
Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jeon
- Department of Genetic Resources, 75 National Marine
Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662,
Korea
| | - Heabin Kim
- Department of Genetic Resources, 75 National Marine
Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Genetic Resources, 75 National Marine
Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662,
Korea
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7
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Zhang T, Zhu B. Integrator integrates transcription surveillance and genomic integrity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2687-2688. [PMID: 37919159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Xu C, Li C, Chen J, Xiong Y, Qiao Z, Fan P, Li C, Ma S, Liu J, Song A, Tao B, Xu T, Xu W, Chi Y, Xue J, Wang P, Ye D, Gu H, Zhang P, Wang Q, Xiao R, Cheng J, Zheng H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Wu J, Liang K, Liu YJ, Lu H, Chen FX. R-loop-dependent promoter-proximal termination ensures genome stability. Nature 2023; 621:610-619. [PMID: 37557913 PMCID: PMC10511320 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The proper regulation of transcription is essential for maintaining genome integrity and executing other downstream cellular functions1,2. Here we identify a stable association between the genome-stability regulator sensor of single-stranded DNA (SOSS)3 and the transcription regulator Integrator-PP2A (INTAC)4-6. Through SSB1-mediated recognition of single-stranded DNA, SOSS-INTAC stimulates promoter-proximal termination of transcription and attenuates R-loops associated with paused RNA polymerase II to prevent R-loop-induced genome instability. SOSS-INTAC-dependent attenuation of R-loops is enhanced by the ability of SSB1 to form liquid-like condensates. Deletion of NABP2 (encoding SSB1) or introduction of cancer-associated mutations into its intrinsically disordered region leads to a pervasive accumulation of R-loops, highlighting a genome surveillance function of SOSS-INTAC that enables timely termination of transcription at promoters to constrain R-loop accumulation and ensure genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congling Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Qiao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyu Fan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Conghui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangyu Ma
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aixia Song
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bolin Tao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayun Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijing Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huasong Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Xavier Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Chen X, Li Y, Zhu F, Xu X, Estrella B, Pazos MA, McGuire JT, Karagiannis D, Sahu V, Mustafokulov M, Scuoppo C, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Soto-Feliciano YM, Pasqualucci L, Ciccia A, Amengual JE, Lu C. Context-defined cancer co-dependency mapping identifies a functional interplay between PRC2 and MLL-MEN1 complex in lymphoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4259. [PMID: 37460547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interplay between chromatin-associated complexes and modifications critically contribute to the partitioning of epigenome into stable and functionally distinct domains. Yet there is a lack of systematic identification of chromatin crosstalk mechanisms, limiting our understanding of the dynamic transition between chromatin states during development and disease. Here we perform co-dependency mapping of genes using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated fitness screens in pan-cancer cell lines to quantify gene-gene functional relationships. We identify 145 co-dependency modules and further define the molecular context underlying the essentiality of these modules by incorporating mutational, epigenome, gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles of cell lines. These analyses assign new protein complex composition and function, and predict new functional interactions, including an unexpected co-dependency between two transcriptionally counteracting chromatin complexes - polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and MLL-MEN1 complex. We show that PRC2-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation regulates the genome-wide distribution of MLL1 and MEN1. In lymphoma cells with EZH2 gain-of-function mutations, the re-localization of MLL-MEN1 complex drives oncogenic gene expression and results in a hypersensitivity to pharmacologic inhibition of MEN1. Together, our findings provide a resource for discovery of trans-regulatory interactions as mechanisms of chromatin regulation and potential targets of synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, China
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Union Hospital Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian Estrella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Manuel A Pazos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - John T McGuire
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mustafo Mustafokulov
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Claudio Scuoppo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yadira M Soto-Feliciano
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer E Amengual
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Offley SR, Pfleiderer MM, Zucco A, Fraudeau A, Welsh SA, Razew M, Galej WP, Gardini A. A combinatorial approach to uncover an additional Integrator subunit. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112244. [PMID: 36920904 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) controls expression of all protein-coding genes and most noncoding loci in higher eukaryotes. Calibrating RNAPII activity requires an assortment of polymerase-associated factors that are recruited at sites of active transcription. The Integrator complex is one of the most elusive transcriptional regulators in metazoans, deemed to be recruited after initiation to help establish and modulate paused RNAPII. Integrator is known to be composed of 14 subunits that assemble and operate in a modular fashion. We employed proteomics and machine-learning structure prediction (AlphaFold2) to identify an additional Integrator subunit, INTS15. We report that INTS15 assembles primarily with the INTS13/14/10 module and interfaces with the Int-PP2A module. Functional genomics analysis further reveals a role for INTS15 in modulating RNAPII pausing at a subset of genes. Our study shows that omics approaches combined with AlphaFold2-based predictions provide additional insights into the molecular architecture of large and dynamic multiprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Offley
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moritz M Pfleiderer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Avery Zucco
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Angelique Fraudeau
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Michal Razew
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Wojciech P Galej
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
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11
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Welsh SA, Gardini A. Genomic regulation of transcription and RNA processing by the multitasking Integrator complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:204-220. [PMID: 36180603 PMCID: PMC9974566 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator complex is the only Pol II-associated large multiprotein complex that is metazoan specific, and has therefore been understudied for years. Integrator comprises at least 14 subunits, which are grouped into distinct functional modules. The phosphodiesterase activity of the core catalytic module is co-transcriptionally directed against several RNA species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), enhancer RNAs and nascent pre-mRNAs. Processing of non-coding RNAs by Integrator is essential for their biogenesis, and at protein-coding genes, Integrator is a key modulator of Pol II promoter-proximal pausing and transcript elongation. Recent studies have identified an Integrator-specific serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) module, which targets Pol II and other components of the basal transcription machinery. In this Review, we discuss how the activity of Integrator regulates transcription, RNA processing, chromatin landscape and DNA repair. We also discuss the diverse roles of Integrator in development and tumorigenesis.
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12
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Wagner EJ, Tong L, Adelman K. Integrator is a global promoter-proximal termination complex. Mol Cell 2023; 83:416-427. [PMID: 36634676 PMCID: PMC10866050 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrator is a metazoan-specific protein complex capable of inducing termination at all RNAPII-transcribed loci. Integrator recognizes paused, promoter-proximal RNAPII and drives premature termination using dual enzymatic activities: an endonuclease that cleaves nascent RNA and a protein phosphatase that removes stimulatory phosphorylation associated with RNAPII pause release and productive elongation. Recent breakthroughs in structural biology have revealed the overall architecture of Integrator and provided insights into how multiple Integrator modules are coordinated to elicit termination effectively. Furthermore, functional genomics and biochemical studies have unraveled how Integrator-mediated termination impacts protein-coding and noncoding loci. Here, we review the current knowledge about the assembly and activity of Integrator and describe the role of Integrator in gene regulation, highlighting the importance of this complex for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Towards a structurally resolved human protein interaction network. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:216-225. [PMID: 36690744 PMCID: PMC9935395 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular functions are governed by molecular machines that assemble through protein-protein interactions. Their atomic details are critical to studying their molecular mechanisms. However, fewer than 5% of hundreds of thousands of human protein interactions have been structurally characterized. Here we test the potential and limitations of recent progress in deep-learning methods using AlphaFold2 to predict structures for 65,484 human protein interactions. We show that experiments can orthogonally confirm higher-confidence models. We identify 3,137 high-confidence models, of which 1,371 have no homology to a known structure. We identify interface residues harboring disease mutations, suggesting potential mechanisms for pathogenic variants. Groups of interface phosphorylation sites show patterns of co-regulation across conditions, suggestive of coordinated tuning of multiple protein interactions as signaling responses. Finally, we provide examples of how the predicted binary complexes can be used to build larger assemblies helping to expand our understanding of human cell biology.
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14
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Almentina Ramos Shidi F, Cologne A, Delous M, Besson A, Putoux A, Leutenegger AL, Lacroix V, Edery P, Mazoyer S, Bordonné R. Mutations in the non-coding RNU4ATAC gene affect the homeostasis and function of the Integrator complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:712-727. [PMID: 36537210 PMCID: PMC9881141 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genetic diseases associated with microcephaly and developmental defects are due to pathogenic variants in the U4atac small nuclear RNA (snRNA), a component of the minor spliceosome essential for the removal of U12-type introns from eukaryotic mRNAs. While it has been shown that a few RNU4ATAC mutations result in impaired binding of essential protein components, the molecular defects of the vast majority of variants are still unknown. Here, we used lymphoblastoid cells derived from RNU4ATAC compound heterozygous (g.108_126del;g.111G>A) twin patients with MOPD1 phenotypes to analyze the molecular consequences of the mutations on small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) formation and on splicing. We found that the U4atac108_126del mutant is unstable and that the U4atac111G>A mutant as well as the minor di- and tri-snRNPs are present at reduced levels. Our results also reveal the existence of 3'-extended snRNA transcripts in patients' cells. Moreover, we show that the mutant cells have alterations in splicing of INTS7 and INTS10 minor introns, contain lower levels of the INTS7 and INTS10 proteins and display changes in the assembly of Integrator subunits. Altogether, our results show that compound heterozygous g.108_126del;g.111G>A mutations induce splicing defects and affect the homeostasis and function of the Integrator complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimat Almentina Ramos Shidi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Audric Cologne
- INRIA Erable, CNRS LBBE UMR 5558, University Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marion Delous
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon U1028 UMR5292, GENDEV, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Alicia Besson
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon U1028 UMR5292, GENDEV, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon U1028 UMR5292, GENDEV, 69500 Bron, France,Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Polymalformatifs, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - Vincent Lacroix
- INRIA Erable, CNRS LBBE UMR 5558, University Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon U1028 UMR5292, GENDEV, 69500 Bron, France,Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Polymalformatifs, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon U1028 UMR5292, GENDEV, 69500 Bron, France
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15
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Sabath K, Jonas S. Take a break: Transcription regulation and RNA processing by the Integrator complex. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 77:102443. [PMID: 36088798 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metazoan-specific Integrator complex is a >1.5 MDa machinery that interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) to attenuate coding gene transcription by early termination close to transcription start sites. Using a highly related mechanism, Integrator also performs the initial 3'-end processing step for many non-coding RNAs. Its transcription regulation functions are essential for cell differentiation and response to external stimuli. Recent studies revealed that the complex incorporates phosphatase PP2A to counteract phosphorylation reactions that are required for transcription elongation. Structures of Integrator bound to RNAP2 explain the basis for its recruitment to promoter proximal RNAP2 by recognition of its paused state. Furthermore, several studies indicate that Integrator's cleavage activity is regulated at multiple levels through activators, modifications, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sabath
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Jonas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Bragado L, Magalnik M, Mammi P, Romero A, Gaioli N, Pozzi B, Srebrow A. SUMO conjugation regulates the activity of the Integrator complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12444-12461. [PMID: 36454007 PMCID: PMC9757034 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes in close proximity to Cajal bodies, subnuclear compartments that depend on the SUMO isopeptidase USPL1 for their assembly. We show here that overexpression of USPL1 as well as of another nuclear SUMO isopeptidase, SENP6, alters snRNA 3'-end cleavage, a process carried out by the Integrator complex. Beyond its role in snRNA biogenesis, this complex is responsible for regulating the expression of different RNAPII transcripts. While several subunits of the complex are SUMO conjugation substrates, we found that the SUMOylation of the INTS11 subunit is regulated by USPL1 and SENP6. We defined Lys381, Lys462 and Lys475 as bona fide SUMO attachment sites on INTS11 and observed that SUMOylation of this protein modulates its subcellular localization and is required for Integrator activity. Moreover, while an INTS11 SUMOylation-deficient mutant is still capable of interacting with INTS4 and INTS9, its interaction with other subunits of the complex is affected. These findings point to a regulatory role for SUMO conjugation on Integrator activity and suggest the involvement of INTS11 SUMOylation in the assembly of the complex. Furthermore, this work adds Integrator-dependent RNA processing to the growing list of cellular processes regulated by SUMO conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano Bragado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Magalnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Mammi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gaioli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Berta Pozzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Funk L, Su KC, Ly J, Feldman D, Singh A, Moodie B, Blainey PC, Cheeseman IM. The phenotypic landscape of essential human genes. Cell 2022; 185:4634-4653.e22. [PMID: 36347254 PMCID: PMC10482496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basis for cellular growth, proliferation, and function requires determining the roles of essential genes in diverse cellular processes, including visualizing their contributions to cellular organization and morphology. Here, we combined pooled CRISPR-Cas9-based functional screening of 5,072 fitness-conferring genes in human HeLa cells with microscopy-based imaging of DNA, the DNA damage response, actin, and microtubules. Analysis of >31 million individual cells identified measurable phenotypes for >90% of gene knockouts, implicating gene targets in specific cellular processes. Clustering of phenotypic similarities based on hundreds of quantitative parameters further revealed co-functional genes across diverse cellular activities, providing predictions for gene functions and associations. By conducting pooled live-cell screening of ∼450,000 cell division events for 239 genes, we additionally identified diverse genes with functional contributions to chromosome segregation. Our work establishes a resource detailing the consequences of disrupting core cellular processes that represents the functional landscape of essential human genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Funk
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kuan-Chung Su
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jimmy Ly
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Avtar Singh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brittania Moodie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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18
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Stein CB, Field AR, Mimoso CA, Zhao C, Huang KL, Wagner EJ, Adelman K. Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4232-4245.e11. [PMID: 36309014 PMCID: PMC9680917 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing in early elongation is critical for gene regulation. Paused RNAPII can be released into productive elongation by the kinase P-TEFb or targeted for premature termination by the Integrator complex. Integrator comprises endonuclease and phosphatase activities, driving termination by cleavage of nascent RNA and removal of stimulatory phosphorylation. We generated a degron system for rapid Integrator endonuclease (INTS11) depletion to probe the direct consequences of Integrator-mediated RNA cleavage. Degradation of INTS11 elicits nearly universal increases in active early elongation complexes. However, these RNAPII complexes fail to achieve optimal elongation rates and exhibit persistent Integrator phosphatase activity. Thus, only short transcripts are significantly upregulated following INTS11 loss, including transcription factors, signaling regulators, and non-coding RNAs. We propose a uniform molecular function for INTS11 across all RNAPII-transcribed loci, with differential effects on particular genes, pathways, or RNA biotypes reflective of transcript lengths rather than specificity of Integrator activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad B Stein
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew R Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudia A Mimoso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - ChenCheng Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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19
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Mascibroda LG, Shboul M, Elrod ND, Colleaux L, Hamamy H, Huang KL, Peart N, Singh MK, Lee H, Merriman B, Jodoin JN, Sitaram P, Lee LA, Fathalla R, Al-Rawashdeh B, Ababneh O, El-Khateeb M, Escande-Beillard N, Nelson SF, Wu Y, Tong L, Kenney LJ, Roy S, Russell WK, Amiel J, Reversade B, Wagner EJ. INTS13 variants causing a recessive developmental ciliopathy disrupt assembly of the Integrator complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6054. [PMID: 36229431 PMCID: PMC9559116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders characterized by malformations of the face and oral cavity, and digit anomalies. Mutations within 12 cilia-related genes have been identified that cause several types of OFD, suggesting that OFDs constitute a subgroup of developmental ciliopathies. Through homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing of two families with variable OFD type 2, we identified distinct germline variants in INTS13, a subunit of the Integrator complex. This multiprotein complex associates with RNA Polymerase II and cleaves nascent RNA to modulate gene expression. We determined that INTS13 utilizes its C-terminus to bind the Integrator cleavage module, which is disrupted by the identified germline variants p.S652L and p.K668Nfs*9. Depletion of INTS13 disrupts ciliogenesis in human cultured cells and causes dysregulation of a broad collection of ciliary genes. Accordingly, its knockdown in Xenopus embryos leads to motile cilia anomalies. Altogether, we show that mutations in INTS13 cause an autosomal recessive ciliopathy, which reveals key interactions between components of the Integrator complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Mascibroda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nathan D Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hanan Hamamy
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Natoya Peart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Moirangthem Kiran Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- 3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Barry Merriman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeanne N Jodoin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Poojitha Sitaram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Laura A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Raja Fathalla
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Baeth Al-Rawashdeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Osama Ababneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Department of Medical Genetics, KOÇ University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Linda J Kenney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Génétique, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Department of Medical Genetics, KOÇ University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
- Smart-Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, 137673, Singapore.
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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20
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Lin MH, Jensen MK, Elrod ND, Huang KL, Welle KA, Wagner EJ, Tong L. Inositol hexakisphosphate is required for Integrator function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5742. [PMID: 36180473 PMCID: PMC9525679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrator is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), with critical roles in noncoding RNA 3'-end processing and transcription attenuation of a broad collection of mRNAs. IntS11 is the endonuclease for RNA cleavage, as a part of the IntS4-IntS9-IntS11 Integrator cleavage module (ICM). Here we report a cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila ICM, at 2.74 Å resolution, revealing stable association of an inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) molecule. The IP6 binding site is located in a highly electropositive pocket at an interface among all three subunits of ICM, 55 Å away from the IntS11 active site and generally conserved in other ICMs. We also confirmed IP6 association with the same site in human ICM. IP6 binding is not detected in ICM samples harboring mutations in this binding site. Such mutations or disruption of IP6 biosynthesis significantly reduced Integrator function in snRNA 3'-end processing and mRNA transcription attenuation. Our structural and functional studies reveal that IP6 is required for Integrator function in Drosophila, humans, and likely other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Madeline K Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nathan D Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
| | - Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kevin A Welle
- Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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21
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BRAT1 links Integrator and defective RNA processing with neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5026. [PMID: 36028512 PMCID: PMC9418311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BRAT1, encoding BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1, have been associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders characterized by heterogeneous phenotypes with varying levels of clinical severity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we show that BRAT1 tightly interacts with INTS9/INTS11 subunits of the Integrator complex that processes 3' ends of various noncoding RNAs and pre-mRNAs. We find that Integrator functions are disrupted by BRAT1 deletion. In particular, defects in BRAT1 impede proper 3' end processing of UsnRNAs and snoRNAs, replication-dependent histone pre-mRNA processing, and alter the expression of protein-coding genes. Importantly, impairments in Integrator function are also evident in patient-derived cells from BRAT1 related neurological disease. Collectively, our data suggest that defects in BRAT1 interfere with proper Integrator functions, leading to incorrect expression of RNAs and proteins, resulting in neurodegeneration.
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22
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Efficient Identification of the MYC Regulator with the Use of the CRISPR Library and Context-Matched Database Screenings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147723. [PMID: 35887071 PMCID: PMC9317319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a major oncogene that plays an important role in cell proliferation in human cancers. Therefore, the mechanism behind MYC regulation is a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Comprehensive and efficient screening of MYC regulators is needed, and we had previously established a promoter screening system using fluorescent proteins and the CRISPR library. For the efficient identification of candidate genes, a database was used, for which mRNA expression was correlated with MYC using datasets featuring “Similar” and “Not exactly similar” contexts. INTS14 and ERI2 were identified using datasets featuring the “Similar” context group, and INTS14 and ERI2 were capable of enhancing MYC promoter activity. In further database analysis of human cancers, a higher expression of MYC mRNA was observed in the INTS14 mRNA high-expressing prostate and liver cancers. The knockdown of INTS14 in prostate cell lines resulted in decreased MYC mRNA and protein expression and also induced G0/1 arrest. This study confirmed that CRISPR screening combined with context-matched database screening is effective in identifying genes that regulate the MYC promoter. This method can be applied to other genes and is expected to be useful in identifying the regulators of other proto-oncogenes.
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23
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Bley CJ, Nie S, Mobbs GW, Petrovic S, Gres AT, Liu X, Mukherjee S, Harvey S, Huber FM, Lin DH, Brown B, Tang AW, Rundlet EJ, Correia AR, Chen S, Regmi SG, Stevens TA, Jette CA, Dasso M, Patke A, Palazzo AF, Kossiakoff AA, Hoelz A. Architecture of the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore. Science 2022; 376:eabm9129. [PMID: 35679405 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm9129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The subcellular compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells requires selective transport of folded proteins and protein-nucleic acid complexes. Embedded in nuclear envelope pores, which are generated by the circumscribed fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole bidirectional gateways for nucleocytoplasmic transport. The ~110-MDa human NPC is an ~1000-protein assembly that comprises multiple copies of ~34 different proteins, collectively termed nucleoporins. The symmetric core of the NPC is composed of an inner ring encircling the central transport channel and outer rings formed by Y‑shaped coat nucleoporin complexes (CNCs) anchored atop both sides of the nuclear envelope. The outer rings are decorated with compartment‑specific asymmetric nuclear basket and cytoplasmic filament nucleoporins, which establish transport directionality and provide docking sites for transport factors and the small guanosine triphosphatase Ran. The cytoplasmic filament nucleoporins also play an essential role in the irreversible remodeling of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) as they exit the central transport channel. Unsurprisingly, the NPC's cytoplasmic face represents a hotspot for disease‑associated mutations and is commonly targeted by viral virulence factors. RATIONALE Previous studies established a near-atomic composite structure of the human NPC's symmetric core by combining (i) biochemical reconstitution to elucidate the interaction network between symmetric nucleoporins, (ii) crystal and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure determination of nucleoporins and nucleoporin complexes to reveal their three-dimensional shape and the molecular details of their interactions, (iii) quantitative docking in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) maps of the intact human NPC to uncover nucleoporin stoichiometry and positioning, and (iv) cell‑based assays to validate the physiological relevance of the biochemical and structural findings. In this work, we extended our approach to the cytoplasmic filament nucleoporins to reveal the near-atomic architecture of the cytoplasmic face of the human NPC. RESULTS Using biochemical reconstitution, we elucidated the protein-protein and protein-RNA interaction networks of the human and Chaetomium thermophilum cytoplasmic filament nucleoporins, establishing an evolutionarily conserved heterohexameric cytoplasmic filament nucleoporin complex (CFNC) held together by a central heterotrimeric coiled‑coil hub that tethers two separate mRNP‑remodeling complexes. Further biochemical analysis and determination of a series of crystal structures revealed that the metazoan‑specific cytoplasmic filament nucleoporin NUP358 is composed of 16 distinct domains, including an N‑terminal S‑shaped α‑helical solenoid followed by a coiled‑coil oligomerization element, numerous Ran‑interacting domains, an E3 ligase domain, and a C‑terminal prolyl‑isomerase domain. Physiologically validated quantitative docking into cryo-ET maps of the intact human NPC revealed that pentameric NUP358 bundles, conjoined by the oligomerization element, are anchored through their N‑terminal domains to the central stalk regions of the CNC, projecting flexibly attached domains as far as ~600 Å into the cytoplasm. Using cell‑based assays, we demonstrated that NUP358 is dispensable for the architectural integrity of the assembled interphase NPC and RNA export but is required for efficient translation. After NUP358 assignment, the remaining 4-shaped cryo‑ET density matched the dimensions of the CFNC coiled‑coil hub, in close proximity to an outer-ring NUP93. Whereas the N-terminal NUP93 assembly sensor motif anchors the properly assembled related coiled‑coil channel nucleoporin heterotrimer to the inner ring, biochemical reconstitution confirmed that the NUP93 assembly sensor is reused in anchoring the CFNC to the cytoplasmic face of the human NPC. By contrast, two C. thermophilum CFNCs are anchored by a divergent mechanism that involves assembly sensors located in unstructured portions of two CNC nucleoporins. Whereas unassigned cryo‑ET density occupies the NUP358 and CFNC binding sites on the nuclear face, docking of the nuclear basket component ELYS established that the equivalent position on the cytoplasmic face is unoccupied, suggesting that mechanisms other than steric competition promote asymmetric distribution of nucleoporins. CONCLUSION We have substantially advanced the biochemical and structural characterization of the asymmetric nucleoporins' architecture and attachment at the cytoplasmic and nuclear faces of the NPC. Our near‑atomic composite structure of the human NPC's cytoplasmic face provides a biochemical and structural framework for elucidating the molecular basis of mRNP remodeling, viral virulence factor interference with NPC function, and the underlying mechanisms of nucleoporin diseases at the cytoplasmic face of the NPC. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Si Nie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George W Mobbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Stefan Petrovic
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anna T Gres
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sho Harvey
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ferdinand M Huber
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Daniel H Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bonnie Brown
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Aaron W Tang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emily J Rundlet
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ana R Correia
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shane Chen
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saroj G Regmi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Taylor A Stevens
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Claudia A Jette
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alina Patke
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexander F Palazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Anthony A Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - André Hoelz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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24
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Mapping information-rich genotype-phenotype landscapes with genome-scale Perturb-seq. Cell 2022; 185:2559-2575.e28. [PMID: 35688146 PMCID: PMC9380471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of genetics is to define the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. High-content phenotypic screens such as Perturb-seq (CRISPR-based screens with single-cell RNA-sequencing readouts) enable massively parallel functional genomic mapping but, to date, have been used at limited scales. Here, we perform genome-scale Perturb-seq targeting all expressed genes with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) across >2.5 million human cells. We use transcriptional phenotypes to predict the function of poorly characterized genes, uncovering new regulators of ribosome biogenesis (including CCDC86, ZNF236, and SPATA5L1), transcription (C7orf26), and mitochondrial respiration (TMEM242). In addition to assigning gene function, single-cell transcriptional phenotypes allow for in-depth dissection of complex cellular phenomena—from RNA processing to differentiation. We leverage this ability to systematically identify genetic drivers and consequences of aneuploidy and to discover an unanticipated layer of stress-specific regulation of the mitochondrial genome. Our information-rich genotype-phenotype map reveals a multidimensional portrait of gene and cellular function. Unbiased, genome-scaling profiling of genetic perturbations via single-cell RNA sequencing enables systematic assignment of function to genes and indepth study of complex cellular phenotypes such as aneuploidy and stress-specific regulation of the mitochondrial genome.
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25
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Pan J, Kwon JJ, Talamas JA, Borah AA, Vazquez F, Boehm JS, Tsherniak A, Zitnik M, McFarland JM, Hahn WC. Sparse dictionary learning recovers pleiotropy from human cell fitness screens. Cell Syst 2022; 13:286-303.e10. [PMID: 35085500 PMCID: PMC9035054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In high-throughput functional genomic screens, each gene product is commonly assumed to exhibit a singular biological function within a defined protein complex or pathway. In practice, a single gene perturbation may induce multiple cascading functional outcomes, a genetic principle known as pleiotropy. Here, we model pleiotropy in fitness screen collections by representing each gene perturbation as the sum of multiple perturbations of biological functions, each harboring independent fitness effects inferred empirically from the data. Our approach (Webster) recovered pleiotropic functions for DNA damage proteins from genotoxic fitness screens, untangled distinct signaling pathways upstream of shared effector proteins from cancer cell fitness screens, and predicted the stoichiometry of an unknown protein complex subunit from fitness data alone. Modeling compound sensitivity profiles in terms of genetic functions recovered compound mechanisms of action. Our approach establishes a sparse approximation mechanism for unraveling complex genetic architectures underlying high-dimensional gene perturbation readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jessica A Talamas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashir A Borah
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard University, Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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26
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Control of non-productive RNA polymerase II transcription via its early termination in metazoans. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:283-295. [PMID: 35166324 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription establishes the universal first step of gene expression where RNA is produced by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The most versatile of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase II (Pol II), transcribes a broad range of DNA including protein-coding and a variety of non-coding transcription units. Although Pol II can be configured as a durable enzyme capable of transcribing hundreds of kilobases, there is reliable evidence of widespread abortive Pol II transcription termination shortly after initiation, which is often followed by rapid degradation of the associated RNA. The molecular details underlying this phenomenon are still vague but likely reflect the action of quality control mechanisms on the early Pol II complex. Here, we summarize current knowledge of how and when such promoter-proximal quality control is asserted on metazoan Pol II.
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27
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Fianu I, Chen Y, Dienemann C, Dybkov O, Linden A, Urlaub H, Cramer P. Structural basis of Integrator-mediated transcription regulation. Science 2021; 374:883-887. [PMID: 34762484 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Fianu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olexandr Dybkov
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Linden
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics Group, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics Group, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Pfleiderer MM, Galej WP. Emerging insights into the function and structure of the Integrator complex. Transcription 2021; 12:251-265. [PMID: 35311473 PMCID: PMC9006982 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2022.2047583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Integrator was originally discovered as a specialized 3'-end processing endonuclease complex required for maturation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Since its discovery, Integrator's spectrum of substrates was significantly expanded to include non-polyadenylated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), telomerase RNA (tertRNA), several Herpesvirus transcripts, and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Recently emerging transcriptome-wide studies reveled an important role of the Integrator in protein-coding genes, where it contributes to gene expression regulation through promoter-proximal transcription attenuation. These new functional data are complemented by several structures of Integrator modules and higher-order complexes, providing mechanistic insights into Integrator-mediated processing events. In this work, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the structure and function of the Integrator complex.
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29
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Hennig T, Djakovic L, Dölken L, Whisnant AW. A Review of the Multipronged Attack of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 on the Host Transcriptional Machinery. Viruses 2021; 13:1836. [PMID: 34578417 PMCID: PMC8473234 DOI: 10.3390/v13091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During lytic infection, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 induces a rapid shutoff of host RNA synthesis while redirecting transcriptional machinery to viral genes. In addition to being a major human pathogen, there is burgeoning clinical interest in HSV as a vector in gene delivery and oncolytic therapies, necessitating research into transcriptional control. This review summarizes the array of impacts that HSV has on RNA Polymerase (Pol) II, which transcribes all mRNA in infected cells. We discuss alterations in Pol II holoenzymes, post-translational modifications, and how viral proteins regulate specific activities such as promoter-proximal pausing, splicing, histone repositioning, and termination with respect to host genes. Recent technological innovations that have reshaped our understanding of previous observations are summarized in detail, along with specific research directions and technical considerations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hennig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (T.H.); (L.D.)
| | - Lara Djakovic
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (T.H.); (L.D.)
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (T.H.); (L.D.)
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adam W. Whisnant
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (T.H.); (L.D.)
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30
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Zhang P, Sui P, Chen S, Guo Y, Li Y, Ge G, Zhu G, Yang H, Rogers CM, Sung P, Nimer SD, Xu M, Yang FC. INTS11 regulates hematopoiesis by promoting PRC2 function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1684. [PMID: 34516911 PMCID: PMC8442872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTS11, the catalytic subunit of the Integrator (INT) complex, is crucial for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNAs and enhancer RNAs. However, the role of INTS11 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) biology is unknown. Here, we report that INTS11 is required for normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic-specific genetic deletion of Ints11 leads to cell cycle arrest and impairment of fetal and adult HSPCs. We identified a novel INTS11-interacting protein complex, Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), that maintains HSPC functions. Loss of INTS11 destabilizes the PRC2 complex, decreases the level of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), and derepresses PRC2 target genes. Reexpression of INTS11 or PRC2 proteins in Ints11-deficient HSPCs restores the levels of PRC2 and H3K27me3 as well as HSPC functions. Collectively, our data demonstrate that INTS11 is an essential regulator of HSPC homeostasis through the INTS11-PRC2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Pinpin Sui
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Guo Ge
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ganqian Zhu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cody M. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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31
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Wu Y, Lin Z, Luo M, Yu X, Chen S, Liu L. Effects of genetic polymorphisms in INTS10 and their interaction with environmental factors on progression from persistent HBV infection to hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:620-626. [PMID: 34133796 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study recently identified a novel antiviral gene INTS10 (index rs7000921) in suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. However, data were lacking on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of INTS10 in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by HBV infection. Herein, we conducted a case-control study, including 737 HBV-related HCC cases and 750 persistently HBV-infected controls, to investigate the effect of INTS10 SNPs and their gene-environment interactions on HBV-related HCC. In multivariate analysis, the CT genotype of rs7000921 conferred a decreased risk of HBV-related HCC compared to the TT genotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.98, p for permutation test = .038). Among the 12 tagSNPs, the rs4268139 yielded a borderline significant association with disease risk under the additive model (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63-1.00, p for permutation test = .061). Random forest model further suggested the rs7000921 and rs7822495 as the two-top ranked important SNPs, and thus a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was generated from these two SNPs plus rs4268139. The highest tertile of wGRS was associated with an increased risk, with an adjusted OR of 1.36 (95% CI = 1.05-1.75, p for permutation test = .016) compared to the lowest wGRS. Furthermore, an additive interaction was seen between wGRS and drinking (attributable proportion due to interaction [AP] = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.02-0.43, p = .016). The additive interaction between wGRS and smoking approached near significance (AP = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.00-0.32, p = .045). INTS10 polymorphisms may contribute to the progression from HBV infection to HCC. More importantly, INTS10 polymorphisms interact with drinking and smoking to affect the progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zibo Lin
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinfa Yu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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32
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Zahid S, Seif El Dahan M, Iehl F, Fernandez-Varela P, Le Du MH, Ropars V, Charbonnier JB. The Multifaceted Roles of Ku70/80. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084134. [PMID: 33923616 PMCID: PMC8073936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are accidental lesions generated by various endogenous or exogenous stresses. DSBs are also genetically programmed events during the V(D)J recombination process, meiosis, or other genome rearrangements, and they are intentionally generated to kill cancer during chemo- and radiotherapy. Most DSBs are processed in mammalian cells by the classical nonhomologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) pathway. Understanding the molecular basis of c-NHEJ has major outcomes in several fields, including radiobiology, cancer therapy, immune disease, and genome editing. The heterodimer Ku70/80 (Ku) is a central actor of the c-NHEJ as it rapidly recognizes broken DNA ends in the cell and protects them from nuclease activity. It subsequently recruits many c-NHEJ effectors, including nucleases, polymerases, and the DNA ligase 4 complex. Beyond its DNA repair function, Ku is also involved in several other DNA metabolism processes. Here, we review the structural and functional data on the DNA and RNA recognition properties of Ku implicated in DNA repair and in telomeres maintenance.
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33
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Pfleiderer MM, Galej WP. Structure of the catalytic core of the Integrator complex. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1246-1259.e8. [PMID: 33548203 PMCID: PMC7980224 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Integrator is a specialized 3' end-processing complex involved in cleavage and transcription termination of a subset of nascent RNA polymerase II transcripts, including small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). We provide evidence of the modular nature of the Integrator complex by biochemically characterizing its two subcomplexes, INTS5/8 and INTS10/13/14. Using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined a 3.5-Å-resolution structure of the INTS4/9/11 ternary complex, which constitutes Integrator's catalytic core. Our structure reveals the spatial organization of the catalytic nuclease INTS11, bound to its catalytically impaired homolog INTS9 via several interdependent interfaces. INTS4, a helical repeat protein, plays a key role in stabilizing nuclease domains and other components. In this assembly, all three proteins form a composite electropositive groove, suggesting a putative RNA binding path within the complex. Comparison with other 3' end-processing machineries points to distinct features and a unique architecture of the Integrator's catalytic module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Pfleiderer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Wojciech P Galej
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
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34
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Kirstein N, Gomes Dos Santos H, Blumenthal E, Shiekhattar R. The Integrator complex at the crossroad of coding and noncoding RNA. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 70:37-43. [PMID: 33340967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic transcription is fundamental to all organisms. In metazoans, the Integrator complex is required for endonucleolytic processing of noncoding RNAs, regulation of RNA polymerase II pause-release, and premature transcription attenuation at coding genes. Recent insights into the structural composition and evolution of Integrator subunits have informed our understanding of its biochemical functionality. Moreover, studies in multiple model organisms point to an essential function of Integrator in signaling response and cellular development, highlighting a key role in neuronal differentiation. Indeed, alterations in Integrator complex subunits have been identified in patients with neurodevelopmental diseases and cancer. Taken together, we propose that Integrator is a central regulator of transcriptional processes and that its evolution reflects genomic complexity in regulatory elements and chromatin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kirstein
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, Room 719, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Helena Gomes Dos Santos
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, Room 719, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ezra Blumenthal
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, Room 719, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, Room 719, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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35
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Huang KL, Jee D, Stein CB, Elrod ND, Henriques T, Mascibroda LG, Baillat D, Russell WK, Adelman K, Wagner EJ. Integrator Recruits Protein Phosphatase 2A to Prevent Pause Release and Facilitate Transcription Termination. Mol Cell 2020; 80:345-358.e9. [PMID: 32966759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient release of promoter-proximally paused RNA Pol II into productive elongation is essential for gene expression. Recently, we reported that the Integrator complex can bind paused RNA Pol II and drive premature transcription termination, potently attenuating the activity of target genes. Premature termination requires RNA cleavage by the endonuclease subunit of Integrator, but the roles of other Integrator subunits in gene regulation have yet to be elucidated. Here we report that Integrator subunit 8 (IntS8) is critical for transcription repression and required for association with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We find that Integrator-bound PP2A dephosphorylates the RNA Pol II C-terminal domain and Spt5, preventing the transition to productive elongation. Thus, blocking PP2A association with Integrator stimulates pause release and gene activity. These results reveal a second catalytic function associated with Integrator-mediated transcription termination and indicate that control of productive elongation involves active competition between transcriptional kinases and phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - David Jee
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chad B Stein
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan D Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Telmo Henriques
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren G Mascibroda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - David Baillat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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