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Yadav R, Sharma A, Dahiya D, Bal A, Bhatia A. Comparative morphology of tumour microenvironment in claudin-low and claudin-high breast cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155502. [PMID: 39079385 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-low breast cancers (BCs) exhibit more aggressive behaviour compared to claudin-high types. Claudin-low BCs are often characterized by features such as a higher grade, enrichment of stemness characteristics, and a propensity for metastasis. Tumour microenvironment (TME) defined as the intricate network of surrounding cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix components influences the behaviour of cancer cells within the breast tissue. Understanding the TME is crucial for comprehending the aggressive characteristics of claudin-low BCs. METHODS In this study, we have studied the morphology of immune and non-immune TME using Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides of 15 claudin-low and 12 claudin-high tissue samples of BC. RESULTS TME of claudin-low BCs was observed to have a significantly higher frequency of retraction clefts (66.6 %; n = 10/15), immature desmoplastic response (40 %; n = 6/15), higher stromal cellularity (60 %; n = 9/15); and fibroblastic proliferation (53.3 %; n = 8/15) with a low prevalence of elastosis (66.6 %; n = 10/15). The immune microenvironment revealed a higher frequency of total (80 %; n = 12/15) as well as stromal (86.67 %; n = 13/15) and intra-tumoural TILs (60 %; n = 9/15) in them. CONCLUSION The above morphology-based study revealed that claudin-low tumours have unique immune and non-immune TME as compared to claudin-high tumours. Future studies exploring the molecular correlates of each of the above morphological features can help in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of claudin-low BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Aditti Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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2
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Giovannini S, Smirnov A, Concetti L, Scimeca M, Mauriello A, Bischof J, Rovella V, Melino G, Buonomo CO, Candi E, Bernassola F. A comprehensive molecular characterization of a claudin-low luminal B breast tumor. Biol Direct 2024; 19:66. [PMID: 39152485 PMCID: PMC11328405 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in women. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old woman, who received a diagnosis of claudin-low luminal B breast cancer. The lesion revealed to be a poorly differentiated high-grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma, which was strongly estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) negative. Her tumor underwent in-depth chromosomal, mutational and gene expression analyses. We found a pathogenic protein truncating mutation in the TP53 gene, which is predicted to disrupt its transcriptional activity. The patient also harbors germline mutations in some mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and her tumor displays the presence of immune infiltrates, high tumor mutational burden (TMB) status and the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3) associated signatures, which, overall, are predictive for the use of immunotherapy. Here, we propose promising prognostic indicators as well as potential therapeutic strategies based on the molecular characterization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Concetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Bischof
- Germany Biochemistry Laboratory, Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Oreste Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Dong Y, Bai J, Zhou J. Developing a dormancy-associated ECM signature in TNBC that is linked to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and selective sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32106. [PMID: 38868025 PMCID: PMC11168407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Cellular dormancy is a state of quiescence subpopulation of tumor cells, characterized by low differentiation and lack of mitotic activity. They could evade chemotherapy and targeted therapy, leading to drug resistance and disease recurrence. Recent studies have shown a correlation between dormant cancer cells and unique extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, which is critical in regulating cell behavior. However, their interacting roles in TNBC patients remains to be characterized. Main methods Dormant cancer cells in MDA-MB-231 cell line with highest PKH26 dye-retaining were FACS-sorted and gene expression was then analyzed. Dormant associated ECM (DA-ECM) signature was characterized by pathway analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to define distinct ECM features for TNBC patients. ECM-specific tumor biology was defined by integration of bulk RNA-seq with single-cell RNA-seq data, analysis of ligand-receptor interactions and enriched biological pathways, and in silico drug screening. We validated the sensitivity of dormant cancer cells to MAPK inhibitors by flow cytometry in vitro. Key findings We observed that dormant TNBC cells preferentially expressed ∼10 % DA-ECM genes. The DA-ECM High subtype defined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Moreover, ligand-receptor interaction and pathway analysis revealed that the DA-ECM High subtype may likely help maintain tumor cell dormancy through MAPK, Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways. Finally, in silico drug screening against the DA-ECM signature and in vitro assay showed dormant cancer cells were relatively sensitive to the MAPK pathway inhibitors, which may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating TNBC. Significance Collectively, our research revealed that dormancy-associated ECM characterized tumor cells possess significant ECM remodeling capacity, and treatment strategies towards these cells could improve TNBC patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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4
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Nair MG, Mavatkar AD, Naidu CM, V. P. S, C. E. A, Rajarajan S, Sahoo S, Mohan G, Jaikumar VS, Ramesh RS, B. S. S, Jolly MK, Maliekal TT, Prabhu JS. Elucidating the Role of MicroRNA-18a in Propelling a Hybrid Epithelial-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Driving Malignant Progression in ER-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:821. [PMID: 38786043 PMCID: PMC11119613 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations that lead to differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs/miR) are known to regulate tumour cell states, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the progression to metastasis in breast cancer. This study explores the key contribution of miRNA-18a in mediating a hybrid E/M cell state that is pivotal to the malignant transformation and tumour progression in the aggressive ER-negative subtype of breast cancer. The expression status and associated effects of miR-18a were evaluated in patient-derived breast tumour samples in combination with gene expression data from public datasets, and further validated in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer model systems. The clinical relevance of the study findings was corroborated against human breast tumour specimens (n = 446 patients). The down-regulated expression of miR-18a observed in ER-negative tumours was found to drive the enrichment of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) cells with luminal attributes, enhanced traits of migration, stemness, drug-resistance and immunosuppression. Further analysis of the miR-18a targets highlighted possible hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-mediated signalling in these tumours. This is a foremost report that validates the dual role of miR-18a in breast cancer that is subtype-specific based on hormone receptor expression. The study also features a novel association of low miR-18a levels and subsequent enrichment of hybrid E/M cells, increased migration and stemness in a subgroup of ER-negative tumours that may be attributed to HIF-1α mediated signalling. The results highlight the possibility of stratifying the ER-negative disease into clinically relevant groups by analysing miRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumathy G. Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva D. Mavatkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrakala M. Naidu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Snijesh V. P.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama C. E.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Sunil Jaikumar
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh S. Ramesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St. John’s Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath B. S.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore 560004, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jyothi S. Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India
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5
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Abdul Manap AS, Wisham AA, Wong FW, Ahmad Najmi HR, Ng ZF, Diba RS. Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1390704. [PMID: 38726321 PMCID: PMC11079208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1390704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and promoting cancer progression. Additionally, miRNAs also influence metastasis formation, including the establishment of metastatic sites and the transformation of tumor cells into migratory phenotypes. Specifically, dysregulated expression of these genes has been associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby facilitating tumor development. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the significance and function of miRNAs in breast cancer, focusing on their involvement as tumor suppressors in the antitumor immune response and as oncogenes in metastasis formation. Furthermore, miRNAs hold tremendous potential as targets for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate specific pathways that can either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. This perspective highlights the latest strategies developed for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fei Wen Wong
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Zhi Fei Ng
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dolfini D, Gnesutta N, Mantovani R. Expression and function of NF-Y subunits in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189082. [PMID: 38309445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
NF-Y is a Transcription Factor (TF) targeting the CCAAT box regulatory element. It consists of the NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimer, each containing an Histone Fold Domain (HFD), and the sequence-specific subunit NF-YA. NF-YA expression is associated with cell proliferation and absent in some post-mitotic cells. The review summarizes recent findings impacting on cancer development. The logic of the NF-Y regulome points to pro-growth, oncogenic genes in the cell-cycle, metabolism and transcriptional regulation routes. NF-YA is involved in growth/differentiation decisions upon cell-cycle re-entry after mitosis and it is widely overexpressed in tumors, the HFD subunits in some tumor types or subtypes. Overexpression of NF-Y -mostly NF-YA- is oncogenic and decreases sensitivity to anti-neoplastic drugs. The specific roles of NF-YA and NF-YC isoforms generated by alternative splicing -AS- are discussed, including the prognostic value of their levels, although the specific molecular mechanisms of activity are still to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Nerina Gnesutta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy.
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7
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De Blander H, Tonon L, Fauvet F, Pommier RM, Lamblot C, Benhassoun R, Angileri F, Gibert B, Rodriguez R, Ouzounova M, Morel AP, Puisieux A. Cooperative pro-tumorigenic adaptation to oncogenic RAS through epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1736. [PMID: 38354248 PMCID: PMC10866563 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In breast cancers, aberrant activation of the RAS/MAPK pathway is strongly associated with mesenchymal features and stemness traits, suggesting an interplay between this mitogenic signaling pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). By using inducible models of human mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate herein that the oncogenic activation of RAS promotes ZEB1-dependent EMP, which is necessary for malignant transformation. Notably, EMP is triggered by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from neighboring RAS-activated senescent cells, with a prominent role for IL-6 and IL-1α. Our data contrast with the common view of cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressive mechanism and EMP as a process promoting late stages of tumor progression in response to signals from the tumor microenvironment. We highlighted here a pro-tumorigenic cooperation of RAS-activated mammary epithelial cells, which leverages on oncogene-induced senescence and EMP to trigger cellular reprogramming and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien De Blander
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique ‘Gilles Thomas’, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Fauvet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane M. Pommier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique ‘Gilles Thomas’, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Lamblot
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Rahma Benhassoun
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Angileri
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Gastroenterology and Technologies for Health Group, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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8
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Miyano M, LaBarge MA. ELF5: A Molecular Clock for Breast Aging and Cancer Susceptibility. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:431. [PMID: 38275872 PMCID: PMC10813895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is predominantly an age-related disease, with aging serving as the most significant risk factor, compounded by germline mutations in high-risk genes like BRCA1/2. Aging induces architectural changes in breast tissue, particularly affecting luminal epithelial cells by diminishing lineage-specific molecular profiles and adopting myoepithelial-like characteristics. ELF5 is an important transcription factor for both normal breast and breast cancer development. This review focuses on the role of ELF5 in normal breast development, its altered expression throughout aging, and its implications in cancer. It discusses the lineage-specific expression of ELF5, its regulatory mechanisms, and its potential as a biomarker for breast-specific biological age and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Miyano
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mark A. LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers Research, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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9
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Saltzman AB, Chan DW, Holt MV, Wang J, Jaehnig EJ, Anurag M, Singh P, Malovannaya A, Kim BJ, Ellis MJ. Kinase inhibitor pulldown assay (KiP) for clinical proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38225548 PMCID: PMC10790396 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are frequently dysregulated and/or mutated in cancer and represent essential targets for therapy. Accurate quantification is essential. For breast cancer treatment, the identification and quantification of the protein kinase ERBB2 is critical for therapeutic decisions. While immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the current clinical diagnostic approach, it is only semiquantitative. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers quantitative assays that, unlike IHC, can be used to accurately evaluate hundreds of kinases simultaneously. The enrichment of less abundant kinase targets for quantification, along with depletion of interfering proteins, improves sensitivity and thus promotes more effective downstream analyses. Multiple kinase inhibitors were therefore deployed as a capture matrix for kinase inhibitor pulldown (KiP) assays designed to profile the human protein kinome as broadly as possible. Optimized assays were initially evaluated in 16 patient derived xenograft models (PDX) where KiP identified multiple differentially expressed and biologically relevant kinases. From these analyses, an optimized single-shot parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method was developed to improve quantitative fidelity. The PRM KiP approach was then reapplied to low quantities of proteins typical of yields from core needle biopsies of human cancers. The initial prototype targeting 100 kinases recapitulated intrinsic subtyping of PDX models obtained from comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling. Luminal and HER2 enriched OCT-frozen patient biopsies subsequently analyzed through KiP-PRM also clustered by subtype. Finally, stable isotope labeled peptide standards were developed to define a prototype clinical method. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD044655 and PXD046169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Saltzman
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doug W Chan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junkai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric J Jaehnig
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meenakshi Anurag
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Purba Singh
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Jokela TA, Dane MA, Smith RL, Devlin KL, Shalabi S, Lopez JC, Miyano M, Stampfer MR, Korkola JE, Gray JW, Heiser LM, LaBarge MA. Functional delineation of the luminal epithelial microenvironment in breast using cell-based screening in combinatorial microenvironments. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110958. [PMID: 37935340 PMCID: PMC10696611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment signals are potent determinants of cell fate and arbiters of tissue homeostasis, however understanding how different microenvironment factors coordinately regulate cellular phenotype has been experimentally challenging. Here we used a high-throughput microenvironment microarray comprised of 2640 unique pairwise signals to identify factors that support proliferation and maintenance of primary human mammary luminal epithelial cells. Multiple microenvironment factors that modulated luminal cell number were identified, including: HGF, NRG1, BMP2, CXCL1, TGFB1, FGF2, PDGFB, RANKL, WNT3A, SPP1, HA, VTN, and OMD. All of these factors were previously shown to modulate luminal cell numbers in painstaking mouse genetics experiments, or were shown to have a role in breast cancer, demonstrating the relevance and power of our high-dimensional approach to dissect key microenvironmental signals. RNA-sequencing of primary epithelial and stromal cell lineages identified the cell types that express these signals and the cognate receptors in vivo. Cell-based functional studies confirmed which effects from microenvironment factors were reproducible and robust to individual variation. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was the factor most robust to individual variation and drove expansion of luminal cells via cKit+ progenitor cells, which expressed abundant MET receptor. Luminal cells from women who are genetically high risk for breast cancer had significantly more MET receptor and may explain the characteristic expansion of the luminal lineage in those women. In ensemble, our approach provides proof of principle that microenvironment signals that control specific cellular states can be dissected with high-dimensional cell-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A Jokela
- Department of Population Sciences, Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mark A Dane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kaylyn L Devlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sundus Shalabi
- Department of Population Sciences, Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University of Palestine, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Jennifer C Lopez
- Department of Population Sciences, Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Masaru Miyano
- Department of Population Sciences, Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James E Korkola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Center for Cancer Biomarkers Research (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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11
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Jaradat SK, Ayoub NM, Al Sharie AH, Aldaod JM. Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as a Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241234780. [PMID: 38389413 PMCID: PMC10894558 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241234780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises a group of aggressive and heterogeneous breast carcinoma. Chemotherapy is the mainstay for the treatment of triple-negative tumors. Nevertheless, the success of chemotherapeutic treatments is limited by their toxicity and development of acquired resistance leading to therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore novel targeted therapies for TNBC. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that are key regulators of intracellular signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and motility. Aberrant activity and/or expression of several types of RTKs have been strongly connected to tumorigenesis. RTKs are frequently overexpressed and/or deregulated in triple-negative breast tumors and are further associated with tumor progression and reduced survival in patients. Therefore, targeting RTKs could be an appealing therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the antitumor activity of RTK inhibitors in preclinical models of TNBC. The review also provides insights into the clinical trials evaluating the use of RTK inhibitors for the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Jaradat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed H. Al Sharie
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Julia M. Aldaod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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12
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Coutant A, Cockenpot V, Muller L, Degletagne C, Pommier R, Tonon L, Ardin M, Michallet MC, Caux C, Laurent M, Morel AP, Saintigny P, Puisieux A, Ouzounova M, Martinez P. Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Pitfalls and Opportunities for the Detection of Rare High-Plasticity Breast Cancer Subtypes. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100258. [PMID: 37813278 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prominent types of cancers, in which therapeutic resistance is a major clinical concern. Specific subtypes, such as claudin-low and metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC), have been associated with high nongenetic plasticity, which can facilitate resistance. The similarities and differences between these orthogonal subtypes, identified by molecular and histopathological analyses, respectively, remain insufficiently characterized. Furthermore, adequate methods to identify high-plasticity tumors to better anticipate resistance are lacking. Here, we analyzed 11 triple-negative breast tumors, including 3 claudin-low and 4 MpBC, via high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. We combined pathological annotations and deconvolution approaches to precisely identify tumor spots, on which we performed signature enrichment, differential expression, and copy number analyses. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia public databases for external validation of expression markers. By focusing our spatial transcriptomic analyses on tumor cells in MpBC samples, we bypassed the negative impact of stromal contamination and identified specific markers that are neither expressed in other breast cancer subtypes nor expressed in stromal cells. Three markers (BMPER, POPDC3, and SH3RF3) were validated in external expression databases encompassing bulk tumor material and stroma-free cell lines. We unveiled that existing bulk expression signatures of high-plasticity breast cancers are relevant in mesenchymal transdifferentiated compartments but can be hindered by abundant stromal cells in tumor samples, negatively impacting their clinical applicability. Spatial transcriptomic analyses constitute powerful tools to identify specific expression markers and could thus enhance diagnosis and clinical care of rare high-plasticity breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Coutant
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lauriane Muller
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Degletagne
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane Pommier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maude Ardin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Saintigny
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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13
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Wicker MN, Wagner KU. Cellular Plasticity in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5605. [PMID: 38067308 PMCID: PMC10705338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is a phenomenon where cells adopt different identities during development and tissue homeostasis as a response to physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides a general introduction to processes by which cells change their identity as well as the current definition of cellular plasticity in the field of mammary gland biology. Following a synopsis of the evolving model of the hierarchical development of mammary epithelial cell lineages, we discuss changes in cell identity during normal mammary gland development with particular emphasis on the effect of the gestation cycle on the emergence of new cellular states. Next, we summarize known mechanisms that promote the plasticity of epithelial lineages in the normal mammary gland and highlight the importance of the microenvironment and extracellular matrix. A discourse of cellular reprogramming during the early stages of mammary tumorigenesis that follows focuses on the origin of basal-like breast cancers from luminal progenitors and oncogenic signaling networks that orchestrate diverse developmental trajectories of transforming epithelial cells. In addition to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, we highlight events of cellular reprogramming during breast cancer progression in the context of intrinsic molecular subtype switching and the genesis of the claudin-low breast cancer subtype, which represents the far end of the spectrum of epithelial cell plasticity. In the final section, we will discuss recent advances in the design of genetically engineered models to gain insight into the dynamic processes that promote cellular plasticity during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, EL01TM, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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14
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Pan C, Xu A, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chen C. Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226118. [PMID: 37904877 PMCID: PMC10613467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Zohair B, Chraa D, Rezouki I, Benthami H, Razzouki I, Elkarroumi M, Olive D, Karkouri M, Badou A. The immune checkpoint adenosine 2A receptor is associated with aggressive clinical outcomes and reflects an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in human breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201632. [PMID: 37753093 PMCID: PMC10518422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The crosstalk between the immune system and cancer cells has aroused considerable interest over the past decades. To escape immune surveillance cancer cells evolve various strategies orchestrating tumor microenvironment. The discovery of the inhibitory immune checkpoints was a major breakthrough due to their crucial contribution to immune evasion. The A2AR receptor represents one of the most essential pathways within the TME. It is involved in several processes such as hypoxia, tumor progression, and chemoresistance. However, its clinical and immunological significance in human breast cancer remains elusive. Methods The mRNA expression and protein analysis were performed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to estimate Kaplan-Meier analysis for overall survival. Using large-scale microarray data (METABRIC), digital cytometry was conducted to estimate cell abundance. Analysis was performed using RStudio software (7.8 + 2023.03.0) with EPIC, CIBERSORT, and ImmuneCellAI algorithms. Tumor purity, stromal and immune scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE computational method. Finally, analysis of gene set enrichment (GSEA) and the TISCH2 scRNA-seq database were carried out. Results Gene and protein analysis showed that A2AR was overexpressed in breast tumors and was significantly associated with high grade, elevated Ki-67, aggressive molecular and histological subtypes, as well as poor survival. On tumor infiltrating immune cells, A2AR was found to correlate positively with PD-1 and negatively with CTLA-4. On the other hand, our findings disclosed more profuse infiltration of protumoral cells such as M0 and M2 macrophages, Tregs, endothelial and exhausted CD8+ T cells within A2ARhigh tumors. According to the Single-Cell database, A2AR is expressed in malignant, stromal and immune cells. Moreover, it is related to tumor purity, stromal and immune scores. Our results also revealed that CD8+T cells from A2ARhigh patients exhibited an exhausted functional profile. Finally, GSEA analysis highlighted the association of A2AR with biological mechanisms involved in tumor escape and progression. Conclusion The present study is the first to elucidate the clinical and immunological relevance of A2AR in breast cancer patients. In light of these findings, A2AR could be deemed a promising therapeutic target to overcome immune evasion prevailing within the TME of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Zohair
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Dounia Chraa
- Team Immunity and Cancer, The Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, 41068, CNRS, UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Ibtissam Rezouki
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hamza Benthami
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Razzouki
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Elkarroumi
- Mohamed VI Oncology Center, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, The Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, 41068, CNRS, UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
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16
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Sepúlveda F, Mayorga-Lobos C, Guzmán K, Durán-Jara E, Lobos-González L. EV-miRNA-Mediated Intercellular Communication in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13085. [PMID: 37685891 PMCID: PMC10487525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has prioritized the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a crucial area of investigation. Understanding the communication between tumor cells and the various cell types within the TME has become a focal point. Bidirectional communication processes between these cells support cellular transformation, as well as the survival, invasion, and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer structures secreted by cells that emerge as important mediators of this cell-to-cell communication. EVs transfer their molecular cargo, including proteins and nucleic acids, and particularly microRNAs, which play critical roles in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived EVs, for example, can promote angiogenesis and enhance endothelial permeability by delivering specific miRNAs. Moreover, adipocytes, a significant component of the breast stroma, exhibit high EV secretory activity, which can then modulate metabolic processes, promoting the growth, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Comprehensive studies investigating the involvement of EVs and their miRNA cargo in the TME, as well as their underlying mechanisms driving tumoral capacities, are necessary for a deeper understanding of these complex interactions. Such knowledge holds promise for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sepúlveda
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Cristina Mayorga-Lobos
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Kevin Guzmán
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Eduardo Durán-Jara
- Subdepartamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile;
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
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17
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Srivastava N, Usmani SS, Subbarayan R, Saini R, Pandey PK. Hypoxia: syndicating triple negative breast cancer against various therapeutic regimens. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199105. [PMID: 37492478 PMCID: PMC10363988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest subtypes of breast cancer (BC) for its high aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and hypoxic nature. Based on biological and clinical observations the TNBC related mortality is very high worldwide. Emerging studies have clearly demonstrated that hypoxia regulates the critical metabolic, developmental, and survival pathways in TNBC, which include glycolysis and angiogenesis. Alterations to these pathways accelerate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) enrichment and immune escape, which further lead to tumor invasion, migration, and metastasis. Beside this, hypoxia also manipulates the epigenetic plasticity and DNA damage response (DDR) to syndicate TNBC survival and its progression. Hypoxia fundamentally creates the low oxygen condition responsible for the alteration in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) signaling within the tumor microenvironment, allowing tumors to survive and making them resistant to various therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for society to establish target-based therapies that overcome the resistance and limitations of the current treatment plan for TNBC. In this review article, we have thoroughly discussed the plausible significance of HIF-1α as a target in various therapeutic regimens such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, adjuvant therapy photodynamic therapy, adoptive cell therapy, combination therapies, antibody drug conjugates and cancer vaccines. Further, we also reviewed here the intrinsic mechanism and existing issues in targeting HIF-1α while improvising the current therapeutic strategies. This review highlights and discusses the future perspectives and the major alternatives to overcome TNBC resistance by targeting hypoxia-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Educations, Chennai, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Pandey
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Opthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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18
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O'Connell I, Dongre A. Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Breast Cancer: Lessons from Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:433-444. [PMID: 37193859 PMCID: PMC10299941 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have generated efficacious responses in certain tumor types; however, the responses of breast carcinomas have been largely limited. Moreover, the identity of various parameters that can predict responses to immunotherapies, and at the same time, serve as putative biomarkers that can be therapeutically targeted to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies for breast cancers, remains to be comprehensively delineated. Activation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer cells, including those of the breast, increases their tumor-initiating potential and promotes their aggressiveness and resistance to multiple treatment regimens. Moreover, the residence of cancer cells in alternating epithelial or mesenchymal plastic phenotypic states can also influence their immuno-modulatory properties and susceptibilities to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. In this current opinion, we discuss the lessons that can be learnt from epithelial-mesenchymal transition to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapy for breast cancers. We also discuss strategies to sensitize more-mesenchymal cancer cells to anti-tumor immunity and immune checkpoint blockade therapies, with the hope that these can serve as new translational avenues for the treatment of human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel O'Connell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7-012A VRT, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anushka Dongre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7-012A VRT, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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19
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Yu K, Basu A, Yau C, Wolf DM, Goodarzi H, Bandyopadhyay S, Korkola JE, Hirst GL, Asare S, DeMichele A, Hylton N, Yee D, Esserman L, van ‘t Veer L, Sirota M. Computational drug repositioning for the identification of new agents to sensitize drug-resistant breast tumors across treatments and receptor subtypes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1192208. [PMID: 37384294 PMCID: PMC10294228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1192208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drug resistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment and can involve a variety of different factors. Identifying effective therapies for drug resistant tumors is integral for improving patient outcomes. Methods In this study, we applied a computational drug repositioning approach to identify potential agents to sensitize primary drug resistant breast cancers. We extracted drug resistance profiles from the I-SPY 2 TRIAL, a neoadjuvant trial for early stage breast cancer, by comparing gene expression profiles of responder and non-responder patients stratified into treatments within HR/HER2 receptor subtypes, yielding 17 treatment-subtype pairs. We then used a rank-based pattern-matching strategy to identify compounds in the Connectivity Map, a database of cell line derived drug perturbation profiles, that can reverse these signatures in a breast cancer cell line. We hypothesize that reversing these drug resistance signatures will sensitize tumors to treatment and prolong survival. Results We found that few individual genes are shared among the drug resistance profiles of different agents. At the pathway level, however, we found enrichment of immune pathways in the responders in 8 treatments within the HR+HER2+, HR+HER2-, and HR-HER2- receptor subtypes. We also found enrichment of estrogen response pathways in the non-responders in 10 treatments primarily within the hormone receptor positive subtypes. Although most of our drug predictions are unique to treatment arms and receptor subtypes, our drug repositioning pipeline identified the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant as a compound that can potentially reverse resistance across 13/17 of the treatments and receptor subtypes including HR+ and triple negative. While fulvestrant showed limited efficacy when tested in a panel of 5 paclitaxel resistant breast cancer cell lines, it did increase drug response in combination with paclitaxel in HCC-1937, a triple negative breast cancer cell line. Conclusion We applied a computational drug repurposing approach to identify potential agents to sensitize drug resistant breast cancers in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL. We identified fulvestrant as a potential drug hit and showed that it increased response in a paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer cell line, HCC-1937, when treated in combination with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Yu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amrita Basu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Denise M. Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - James E. Korkola
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gillian L. Hirst
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Smita Asare
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- QuantumLeap Healthcare Collaborative, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Nola Hylton
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Yee
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laura Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laura van ‘t Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Voutsadakis IA. Comparison of Clinical Subtypes of Breast Cancer within the Claudin-Low Molecular Cluster Reveals Distinct Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2689. [PMID: 37345027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular subtyping of breast cancer has provided a new perspective on the pathogenesis of the disease and a foundation for building a clinical classification for this heterogeneous disease. The initial classification categorizing breast cancers into five groups, luminal A, luminal B, ERBB2-overexpressing, basal-like and normal-like, was later supplemented by an additional group, claudin-low tumors. However, the claudin-low group has been more difficult to align with clinically used immunohistochemical categories. The identity of this group among clinical cases remains ill defined. METHODS The METABRIC cohort comprising more than 1700 breast cancers and providing information for classifying them in both clinical groups and the genomic PAM50/claudin-low groups was analyzed to derive relationships and clarify potential pathogenic ramifications. Comparisons of the claudin-low cases bearing different clinical group classifications and of the respective cases with the same clinical non-claudin-low classifications were performed. RESULTS ER-negative/HER2-negative breast cancers are predominantly (88.4%) basal-like and claudin low. Conversely, most basal-like cancers (83.6%) are ER negative/HER2 negative. However, claudin-low breast cancers are only in 68.4% of cases ER negative/HER2 negative and the other clinical phenotypes, mostly ER positive/HER2 negative/low proliferation, are also represented in more than 30% of claudin-low cancers. These claudin-low non-ER-negative/HER2-negative breast cancers differ from claudin-low ER-negative/HER2-negative cases in grade, prevalence of integrative clusters, and prevalence of common mutations and common amplifications. Differences also exist between the two groups classified clinically as ER negative/HER2 negative, that are genomically basal-like or claudin-low, including in menopause status, grade, histology, prevalence of high tumor mutation burden, distribution of integrative clusters, prevalence of TP53 mutations and of amplifications in the MYC and MCL1 loci. Furthermore, distinct characteristics are observed between the luminal A and claudin-low groups within the clinical ER-positive/HER2-negative/low proliferation group. CONCLUSION Within genomically claudin-low breast cancers, the ER-negative/HER2-negative group is distinct from the group with either ER or HER2 positivity. Conversely, within clinical phenotypes, claudin-low and non-claudin-low breast cancers differ in clinical characteristics and molecular attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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21
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Murakami-Nishimagi Y, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi M, Tachibana K, Kojima M, Okano M, Hashimoto Y, Saji S, Ohtake T, Chiba H. Claudin-4-adhesion signaling drives breast cancer metabolism and progression via liver X receptor β. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:41. [PMID: 37059993 PMCID: PMC10105442 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion is indispensable for appropriate tissue architecture and function in multicellular organisms. Besides maintaining tissue integrity, cell adhesion molecules, including tight-junction proteins claudins (CLDNs), exhibit the signaling abilities to control a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, it is still fragmentary how cell adhesion signaling accesses the nucleus and regulates gene expression. METHODS By generating a number of knockout and rescued human breast cell lines and comparing their phenotypes, we determined whether and how CLDN4 affected breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. We also identified by RNA sequencing downstream genes whose expression was altered by CLDN4-adhesion signaling. Additionally, we analyzed by RT-qPCR the CLDN4-regulating genes by using a series of knockout and add-back cell lines. Moreover, by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantification, we verified the clinicopathological significance of CLDN4 and the nuclear receptor LXRβ (liver X receptor β) expression in breast cancer tissues from 187 patients. RESULTS We uncovered that the CLDN4-adhesion signaling accelerated breast cancer metabolism and progression via LXRβ. The second extracellular domain and the carboxy-terminal Y197 of CLDN4 were required to activate Src-family kinases (SFKs) and the downstream AKT in breast cancer cells to promote their proliferation. Knockout and rescue experiments revealed that the CLDN4 signaling targets the AKT phosphorylation site S432 in LXRβ, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth, as well as cholesterol homeostasis and fatty acid metabolism, in breast cancer cells. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed the CLDN4-regulated genes are classified into at least six groups according to distinct LXRβ- and LXRβS432-dependence. Furthermore, among triple-negative breast cancer subjects, the "CLDN4-high/LXRβ-high" and "CLDN4-low and/or LXRβ-low" groups appeared to exhibit poor outcomes and relatively favorable prognoses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The identification of this machinery highlights a link between cell adhesion and transcription factor signalings to promote metabolic and progressive processes of malignant tumors and possibly to coordinate diverse physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Murakami-Nishimagi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazunoshin Tachibana
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Maiko Okano
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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22
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Vitaliti A, Roccatani I, Iorio E, Perta N, Gismondi A, Chirico M, Pisanu ME, Di Marino D, Canini A, De Luca A, Rossi L. AKT-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition is affected by copper bioavailability in HER2 negative breast cancer cells via a LOXL2-independent mechanism. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:93-115. [PMID: 36454513 PMCID: PMC9947069 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main mechanism underlying cancer dissemination is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is orchestrated by cytokines like TGFβ, involving "non-canonical" AKT- or STAT3-driven pathways. Recently, the alteration of copper homeostasis seems involved in the onset and progression of cancer. METHODS We expose different breast cancer cell lines, including two triple negative (TNBC) ones, an HER2 enriched and one cell line representative of the Luminal A molecular subtype, to short- or long-term copper-chelation by triethylenetetramine (TRIEN). We analyse changes in the expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin and αSMA), in the levels and activity of extracellular matrix components (LOXL2, fibronectin and MMP2/9) and of copper homeostasis markers by Western blot analyses, immunofluorescence, enzyme activity assays and RT-qPCR. Boyden Chamber and wound healing assays revealed the impact of copper chelation on cell migration. Additionally, we explored whether perturbation of copper homeostasis affects EMT prompted by TGFβ. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses were applied to search the effects of copper chelation on the metabolism of breast cancer cells. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of data on breast cancer patients obtained from different databases was employed to correlate changes in kinases and copper markers with patients' survival. RESULTS Remarkably, only HER2 negative breast cancer cells differently responded to short- or long-term exposure to TRIEN, initially becoming more aggressive but, upon prolonged exposure, retrieving epithelial features, reducing their invasiveness. This phenomenon may be related to the different impact of the short and prolonged activation of the AKT kinase and to the repression of STAT3 signalling. Bioinformatics analyses confirmed the positive correlation of breast cancer patients' survival with AKT activation and up-regulation of CCS. Eventually, metabolomics studies demonstrate a prevalence of glycolysis over mitochondrial energetic metabolism and of lipidome changes in TNBC cells upon TRIEN treatment. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of a pivotal role of copper in AKT-driven EMT activation, acting independently of HER2 in TNBC cells and via a profound change in their metabolism. Our results support the use of copper-chelators as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vitaliti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy ,PhD program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Roccatani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities High Resolution NMR Unit, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzio Perta
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattea Chirico
- Core Facilities High Resolution NMR Unit, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- Core Facilities High Resolution NMR Unit, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Wang G, Romero Y, Thevarajan I, Zolkiewska A. ADAM12 abrogation alters immune cell infiltration and improves response to checkpoint blockade therapy in the T11 murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158006. [PMID: 36545255 PMCID: PMC9762783 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) impedes anti-tumor immune responses and contributes to immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ADAM12, a member of cell surface metalloproteases, is selectively upregulated in mesenchymal/claudin-low TNBCs, where its expression is largely restricted to tumor cells. The role of cancer cell-expressed ADAM12 in modulating the immune TME is not known. We show that Adam12 knockout in the T11 mouse syngeneic transplantation model of claudin-low TNBC leads to decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs)/polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells. ADAM12 loss in cancer cells increases chemotaxis of B cells in vitro and this effect is eliminated by inhibition of CXCR4, a receptor for CXCL12, or anti-CXCL12 blocking antibody. Importantly, ADAM12 loss in T11 cancer cells sensitizes tumors to anti-PD1/anti-CTLA4 combination therapy, although the initial responsiveness is followed by acquired therapy resistance. Depletion of B cells in mice eliminates the improved response to immune checkpoint blockade of Adam12 knockout T11 tumors. Analysis of gene expression data for claudin-low TNBCs from the METABRIC patient cohort shows significant inverse correlations between ADAM12 and gene expression signatures of several anti-tumor immune cell populations, as well as a significant positive correlation between ADAM12 and gene expression signature of TINs/PMN-MDSCs. Collectively, these results implicate ADAM12 in immunosuppression within the TME in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanpeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yeni Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Indhujah Thevarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Anna Zolkiewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA,CONTACT Anna Zolkiewska Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS66506, USA
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24
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Yadav R, Kumar Y, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Claudins: The Newly Emerging Targets in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:737-752. [PMID: 36175290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancers are recently described entities showing low expression of certain claudins and cell adhesion molecules. Claudins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) formed between 2 cells. Their dysregulation plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. First part of the article focuses on the role of claudins in the TJ organization, their structural-functional characteristics, and post-transcriptional and translational modifications. The latter part of the review attempts to summarize existing knowledge regarding the status of claudins in breast cancer. The article also provides an overview of the effect of claudins on tumor progression, metastasis, stemness, chemotherapy resistance, and their crosstalk with relevant signaling pathways in breast cancer. Claudins can act as 2-edged swords in tumors. Some claudins have either tumor-suppressive/ promoting action, while others work as both in a context-dependent manner. Claudins regulate many important events in breast cancer. However, the intricacies involved in their activity are poorly understood. Post-translational modifications in claudins and their impact on TJ integrity, function, and tumor behavior are still unclear. Although their role in adverse events in breast cancer is recognized, their potential to serve as relevant targets for future therapeutics, especially for difficult-to-treat subtypes of the above malignancy, remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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25
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Zhang C, Li Y, Qian J, Zhu Z, Huang C, He Z, Zhou L, Gong Y. Identification of a claudin-low subtype in clear cell renal cell carcinoma with implications for the evaluation of clinical outcomes and treatment efficacy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020729. [PMID: 36479115 PMCID: PMC9719924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In bladder and breast cancer, the claudin-low subtype is widely identified, revealing a distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunological feature. Although we have previously identified individual claudin members as prognostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the existence of an intrinsic claudin-low subtype and its interplay with TME and clinical outcomes remains unclear. Methods Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)- kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) cohort and E-MTAB-1980 were derived as the training and validation cohorts, respectively. In addition, GSE40435, GSE53757, International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets, and RNA-sequencing data from local ccRCC patients were utilized as validation cohorts for claudin clustering based on silhouette scores. Using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and multiple machine learning algorithms, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), CoxBoost, and random forest, we constructed a claudin-TME related (CTR) risk signature. Furthermore, the CTR associated genomic characteristics, immunity, and treatment sensitivity were evaluated. Results A claudin-low phenotype was identified and associated with an inferior survival and distinct TME and cancer immunity characteristics. Based on its interaction with TME, a risk signature was developed with robust prognostic prediction accuracy. Moreover, we found its association with a claudin-low, stem-like phenotype and advanced clinicopathological features. Intriguingly, it was also effective in kidney chromophobe and renal papillary cell carcinoma. The high CTR group exhibited genomic characteristics similar to those of claudin-low phenotype, including increased chromosomal instability (such as deletions at 9p) and risk genomic alterations (especially BAP1 and SETD2). In addition, a higher abundance of CD8 T cells and overexpression of immune checkpoints, such as LAG3, CTLA4 and PDCD1, were identified in the high CTR group. Notably, ccRCC patients with high CTR were potentially more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors; their counterparts could have more clinical benefits when treated with antiangiogenic drugs, mTOR, or HIF inhibitors. Conclusion We comprehensively evaluated the expression features of claudin genes and identified a claudin-low phenotype in ccRCC. In addition, its related signature could robustly predict the prognosis and provide guide for personalizing management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqin Qian
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yanqing Gong,
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Tsirigoti C, Ali MM, Maturi V, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Loss of SNAI1 induces cellular plasticity in invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:832. [PMID: 36171192 PMCID: PMC9519755 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor SNAI1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and controls inter-tissue migration. High SNAI1 expression characterizes metastatic triple-negative breast carcinomas, and its knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 uncovered an epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype accompanied by reduced signaling by the cytokine TGFβ. The SNAI1 knockout cells exhibited plasticity in differentiation, drifting towards the luminal phenotype, gained stemness potential and could differentiate into acinar mammospheres in 3D culture. Loss of SNAI1 de-repressed the transcription factor FOXA1, a pioneering factor of mammary luminal progenitors. FOXA1 induced a specific gene program, including the androgen receptor (AR). Inhibiting AR via a specific antagonist regenerated the basal phenotype and blocked acinar differentiation. Thus, loss of SNAI1 in the context of triple-negative breast carcinoma cells promotes an intermediary luminal progenitor phenotype that gains differentiation plasticity based on the dual transcriptional action of FOXA1 and AR. This function of SNAI1 provides means to separate cell invasiveness from progenitor cell de-differentiation as independent cellular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Tsirigoti
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varun Maturi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Insights into Epigenetic Changes Related to Genetic Variants and Cells-of-Origin of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Algorithm for Practical Workup. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184444. [PMID: 36139607 PMCID: PMC9496769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are composite entities due to their heterogeneity illustrated in clinical behavior, mutational pattern, and site of origin. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors display a low mutation burden with frequently epigenetic alterations, such as histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, or DNA methylation status. Using the epigenomic data of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors converged to the identification of molecularly distinct subgroups. Furthermore, epigenetic signatures could be used as biomarkers due to their link to cell lineages and genetic driver mutations. We integrated the current knowledge on genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in endocrine lineage associated with these neoplasms to present a pathway-based overview. In this review, we suggest a simplified algorithm on how to manage pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from a practical perspective based on pathologist ’analysis. Abstract Current knowledge on the molecular landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) has advanced significantly. Still, the cellular origin of PanNETs is uncertain and the associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 are the three most frequently altered genes that drive PanNETs. They are recognized as a link between genetics and epigenetics. Moreover, the acknowledged impact on DNA methylation by somatic mutations in MEN1 is a valid hallmark of epigenetic mechanism. DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 can be studied at the immunohistochemical level as a reliable surrogate for sequencing. DAXX/ATRX mutations promote alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) activation, determined by specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. ALT phenotype is considered a significant predictor of worse prognosis and a marker of pancreatic origin. Additionally, ARX/PDX1 expression is linked to important epigenomic alterations and can be used as lineage associated immunohistochemical marker. Herein, ARX/PDX1 association with DAXX/ATRX/MEN1 and ALT can be studied through pathological assessment, as these biomarkers may provide important clues to the mechanism underlying disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of a new approach to tumor stratification based on genetic and epigenetic characteristics as well as cellular origin, with prognostic consequences.
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Hollis PR, Mobley RJ, Bhuju J, Abell AN, Sutter CH, Sutter TR. CYP1B1 Augments the Mesenchymal, Claudin-Low, and Chemoresistant Phenotypes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9670. [PMID: 36077068 PMCID: PMC9456208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) is elevated in breast cancer. Studies indicate a relationship between CYP1B1 and aggressive cancer phenotypes. Here, we report on in vitro studies in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, where knockdown (KD) of CYP1B1 was used to determine the influence of its expression on invasive cell phenotypes. CYP1B1 KD in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the loss of mesenchymal morphology, altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal genes, and increased claudin (CLDN) RNA and protein. CYP1B1 KD cells had increased cell-to-cell contact and paracellular barrier function, a reduced rate of cell proliferation, abrogation of migratory and invasive activity, and diminished spheroid formation. Analysis of clinical breast cancer tumor samples revealed an association between tumors exhibiting higher CYP1B1 RNA levels and diminished overall and disease-free survival. Tumor expression of CYP1B1 was inversely associated with CLDN7 expression, and CYP1B1HI/CLDN7LOW identified patients with lower median survival. Cells with CYP1B1 KD had an enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin. Our findings that CYP1B1 KD can increase chemosensitivity points to therapeutic targeting of this enzyme. CYP1B1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs may provide a novel targeted and effective approach to adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy against certain forms of highly metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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29
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Pinilla K, Drewett LM, Lucey R, Abraham JE. Precision Breast Cancer Medicine: Early Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer-A Review of Molecular Characterisation, Therapeutic Targets and Future Trends. Front Oncol 2022; 12:866889. [PMID: 36003779 PMCID: PMC9393396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised approaches to the management of all solid tumours are increasing rapidly, along with wider accessibility for clinicians. Advances in tumour characterisation and targeted therapies have placed triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) at the forefront of this approach. TNBC is a highly heterogeneous disease with various histopathological features and is driven by distinct molecular alterations. The ability to tailor individualised and effective treatments for each patient is of particular importance in this group due to the high risk of distant recurrence and death. The mainstay of treatment across all subtypes of TNBC has historically been cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is often associated with off-target tissue toxicity and drug resistance. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used as it allows close monitoring of early treatment response and provides valuable prognostic information. Patients who achieve a complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are known to have significantly improved long-term outcomes. Conversely, poor responders face a higher risk of relapse and death. The identification of those subgroups that are more likely to benefit from breakthroughs in the personalised approach is a challenge of the current era where several targeted therapies are available. This review presents an overview of contemporary practice, and promising future trends in the management of early TNBC. Platinum chemotherapy, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and androgen receptor (AR) pathways are some of the increasingly studied therapies which will be reviewed. We will also discuss the growing evidence for less-developed agents and predictive biomarkers that are likely to contribute to the forthcoming advances in this field. Finally, we will propose a framework for the personalised management of TNBC based upon the integration of clinico-pathological and molecular features to ensure that long-term outcomes are optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pinilla
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey M. Drewett
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lucey
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean E. Abraham
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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30
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer susceptibility. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1025-1043. [PMID: 35786748 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a plethora of recognized risk factors for breast cancer (BC) with poorly understood or speculative biological mechanisms. The lack of prevention options highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic basis of cancer susceptibility and finding new targets for breast cancer prevention. Until now, we have understood risk and cancer susceptibility primarily through the application of epidemiology and assessing outcomes in large human cohorts. Relative risks are assigned to various human behaviors and conditions, but in general the associations are weak and there is little understanding of mechanism. Aging is by far the greatest risk factor for BC, and there are specific forms of inherited genetic risk that are well-understood to cause BC. We propose that bringing focus to the biology underlying these forms of risk will illuminate biological mechanisms of BC susceptibility.
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31
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Wang L, Jin Z, Master RP, Maharjan CK, Carelock ME, Reccoppa TBA, Kim MC, Kolb R, Zhang W. Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Signaling Pathways, Cellular Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3287. [PMID: 35805056 PMCID: PMC9265870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) constitute a small population of cells within breast cancer and are characterized by their ability to self-renew, differentiate, and recapitulate the heterogeneity of the tumor. Clinically, BCSCs have been correlated with cancer progression, metastasis, relapse, and drug resistance. The tumorigenic roles of BCSCs have been extensively reviewed and will not be the major focus of the current review. Here, we aim to highlight how the crucial intrinsic signaling pathways regulate the fate of BCSCs, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as how different cell populations crosstalk with BCSCs within the TME, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Based on the molecular and cellular activities of BCSCs, we will also summarize the targeting strategies for BCSCs and related clinical trials. This review will highlight that BCSC development in breast cancer is impacted by both BCSC endogenous signaling and external factors in the TME, which provides an insight into how to establish a comprehensively therapeutic strategy to target BCSCs for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Immunology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zeng Jin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rohan P. Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Madison E. Carelock
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tiffany B. A. Reccoppa
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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32
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Wagner KU. Know thy cells: commonly used triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines carry mutations in RAS and effectors. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:44. [PMID: 35761335 PMCID: PMC9238191 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Mail Code EL01TM, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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33
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Canino F, Piacentini F, Omarini C, Toss A, Barbolini M, Vici P, Dominici M, Moscetti L. Role of Intrinsic Subtype Analysis with PAM50 in Hormone Receptors Positive HER2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137079. [PMID: 35806079 PMCID: PMC9266387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET), associated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors, represents the first choice of treatment for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Primary or secondary endocrine resistance could develop; however validated biomarkers capable of predicting such a conditions are not available. Several studies have shown that HR+/HER2- mBC comprises five intrinsic subtypes. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the potential correlations between intrinsic subtype, efficacy of treatment, and patient outcome. Five papers that analyzed the intrinsic subtype with PAM50 assay in patients (pts) with HR+/HER2- mBC treated with ET (alone or in combination) within seven phase III clinical trials (EGF30008, BOLERO-2, PALOMA-2,3, MONALEESA-2,3,7) were identified. Non-luminal subtypes are more frequent in endocrine-resistant pts and in metastatic sites (vs. primary tumors), have less benefit from ET, and worse prognosis. Among these, HER2-enriched subtypes are similar to HER2+ tumors and benefit from the addition of anti-HER2 agents (lapatinib) and, for less clear reasons, of ribociclib (unconfirmed data for palbociclib and everolimus). Basal-like subtypes are similar to triple-negative tumors, making them more sensitive to chemotherapy. The intrinsic subtype is also not static but can vary over time with the evolution of the disease. Currently, the intrinsic subtype does not play a decisive role in the choice of treatment in clinical practice, but has potential prognostic and predictive value that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Canino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.); (M.D.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
- Gruppo Oncologico Italiano per la Ricerca Clinica (GOIRC), 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Omarini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Angela Toss
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.); (M.D.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Monica Barbolini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Department of Phase IV Clinical Trials, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.); (M.D.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Moscetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.O.); (M.B.); (L.M.)
- Gruppo Oncologico Italiano per la Ricerca Clinica (GOIRC), 43100 Parma, Italy
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34
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Moyret-Lalle C, Prodhomme MK, Burlet D, Kashiwagi A, Petrilli V, Puisieux A, Seimiya H, Tissier A. Role of EMT in the DNA damage response, double-strand break repair pathway choice and its implications in cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2214-2223. [PMID: 35534984 PMCID: PMC9277259 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics have now been demonstrated to participate in tumor development. Indeed, EMT is involved in invasion, acquisition of stem cell properties, and therapy‐associated resistance of cancer cells. Together, these mechanisms offer advantages in adapting to changes in the tumor microenvironment. However, recent findings have shown that EMT‐associated transcription factors (EMT‐TFs) may also be involved in DNA repair. A better understanding of the coordination between the DNA repair pathways and the role played by some EMT‐TFs in the DNA damage response (DDR) should pave the way for new treatments targeting tumor‐specific molecular vulnerabilities, which result in selective destruction of cancer cells. Here we review recent advances, providing novel insights into the role of EMT in the DDR and repair pathways, with a particular focus on the influence of EMT on cellular sensitivity to damage, as well as the implications of these relationships for improving the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie K Prodhomme
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Delphine Burlet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ayaka Kashiwagi
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Institut Curie, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnès Tissier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
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35
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Role of Anti-Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Potential. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Speisky D, Táquez Delgado MA, Iotti A, Nicoud MB, Ospital IA, Vigovich F, Dezanzo P, Ernst G, Uriburu JL, Medina VA. Histamine H4 Receptor Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Study. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:311-322. [PMID: 35227109 PMCID: PMC8971688 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221083670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype. There are neither universally accepted prognostic markers nor molecular targets related to TNBC. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) has been characterized in TNBC experimental models, demonstrating its critical role in tumor development and progression. In this study, H4R expression was compared in breast cancer subtypes and correlated with clinical features using The Cancer Genome Atlas data (Pan-Cancer Atlas). The H4R status was further evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 30 TNBC human samples in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Results indicate that H4R was downregulated in basal-like/TNBC compared with luminal A and normal breast-like tumors. The higher expression of H4R was associated with improved progression-free and overall survival outcomes in basal-like/TNBC. H4R immunoreactivity was detected in about 70% of tumors, and its expression was positively correlated with the levels in the histologically normal peritumoral tissue. High H4R expression in peritumoral tissue correlated with reduced number of lymph node involvement and unifocal TNBC, while it was associated with increased patient survival. In conclusion, the H4R might represent a potential prognostic biomarker in TNBC. Further studies in large cohorts are needed to better understand the significance of H4R in breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica A Táquez Delgado
- British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Melisa B Nicoud
- British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Ospital
- British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Vanina A Medina
- British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Simon T, Riemer P, Jarosch A, Detjen K, Di Domenico A, Bormann F, Menne A, Khouja S, Monjé N, Childs LH, Lenze D, Leser U, Rossner F, Morkel M, Blüthgen N, Pavel M, Horst D, Capper D, Marinoni I, Perren A, Mamlouk S, Sers C. DNA methylation reveals distinct cells of origin for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Genome Med 2022; 14:24. [PMID: 35227293 PMCID: PMC8886788 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) fall into two subclasses: the well-differentiated, low- to high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), and the poorly-differentiated, high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). While recent studies suggest an endocrine descent of PanNETs, the origin of PanNECs remains unknown. Methods We performed DNA methylation analysis for 57 PanNEN samples and found that distinct methylation profiles separated PanNENs into two major groups, clearly distinguishing high-grade PanNECs from other PanNETs including high-grade NETG3. DNA alterations and immunohistochemistry of cell-type markers PDX1, ARX, and SOX9 were utilized to further characterize PanNECs and their cell of origin in the pancreas. Results Phylo-epigenetic and cell-type signature features derived from alpha, beta, acinar, and ductal adult cells suggest an exocrine cell of origin for PanNECs, thus separating them in cell lineage from other PanNENs of endocrine origin. Conclusions Our study provides a robust and clinically applicable method to clearly distinguish PanNECs from G3 PanNETs, improving patient stratification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01018-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tincy Simon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Riemer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Jarosch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Detjen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Menne
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slim Khouja
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanna Monjé
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam H Childs
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Leser
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Rossner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Integrative Research Institute (IRI) Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marianne Pavel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Marinoni
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soulafa Mamlouk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Tang YH, Rockstroh A, Sokolowski KA, Lynam LR, Lehman M, Thompson EW, Gregory PA, Nelson CC, Volpert M, Hollier BG. Neuropilin-1 is over-expressed in claudin-low breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through acquisition of stem cell characteristics and RAS/MAPK pathway activation. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:8. [PMID: 35078508 PMCID: PMC8787892 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a relatively poor prognosis and responses to targeted therapies. Between 25 and 39% of TNBCs are claudin-low, a poorly differentiated subtype enriched for mesenchymal, stem cell and mitogen-activated signaling pathways.
We investigated the role of the cell-surface co-receptor NRP1 in the biology of claudin-low TNBC. Methods The clinical prognostic value of NRP1 was determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis. GSVA analysis of METABRIC and Oslo2 transcriptomics datasets was used to correlate NRP1 expression with claudin-low gene signature scores. NRP1 siRNA knockdown was performed in MDA-MB-231, BT-549, SUM159 and Hs578T claudin-low cells and proliferation and viability measured by live cell imaging and DNA quantification. In SUM159 orthotopic xenograft models using NSG mice, NRP1 was suppressed by shRNA knockdown or systemic treatment with the NRP1-targeted monoclonal antibody Vesencumab. NRP1-mediated signaling pathways were interrogated by protein array and Western blotting. Results High NRP1 expression was associated with shorter relapse- and metastasis-free survival specifically in ER-negative BrCa cohorts. NRP1 was over-expressed specifically in claudin-low clinical samples and cell lines, and NRP1 knockdown reduced proliferation of claudin-low cells and prolonged survival in a claudin-low orthotopic xenograft model. NRP1 inhibition suppressed expression of the mesenchymal and stem cell markers ZEB1 and ITGA6, respectively, compromised spheroid-initiating capacity and exerted potent anti-tumor effects on claudin-low orthotopic xenografts (12.8-fold reduction in endpoint tumor volume). NRP1 was required to maintain maximal RAS/MAPK signaling via EGFR and PDGFR, a hallmark of claudin-low tumors. Conclusions These data implicate NRP1 in the aggressive phenotype of claudin-low breast cancer and offer a novel targeted therapeutic approach to this poor prognosis subtype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01501-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hin Tang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Layla-Rose Lynam
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Marianna Volpert
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Fu Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zuo K, Xing Y, Jiang S, Qin Z, Li E, Guo H, Liu Z, Yang J. Single-cell chromatin accessibility landscape in kidney identifies additional cell-of-origin in heterogenous papillary renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35013217 PMCID: PMC8748507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the most heterogenous renal cell carcinoma. Patient survival varies and no effective therapies for advanced pRCC exist. Histological and molecular characterization studies have highlighted the heterogeneity of pRCC tumours. Recent studies identified the proximal tubule (PT) cell as a cell-of-origin for pRCC. However, it remains elusive whether other pRCC subtypes have different cell-of-origin. Here, by obtaining genome-wide chromatin accessibility profiles of normal human kidney cells using single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing and comparing the profiles with pRCC samples, we discover that besides PT cells, pRCC can also originate from kidney collecting duct principal cells. We show pRCCs with different cell-of-origin exhibit different molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors. Further, metabolic reprogramming appears to mediate the progression of pRCC to the advanced state. Here, our results suggest that determining cell-of-origin and monitoring origin-dependent metabolism could potentially be useful for early diagnosis and treatment of pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Bolei Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Ke Zuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Yuexian Xing
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Song Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Jingping Yang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Li X, Sun H, Liu Q, Liu Y, Hou Y, Jin W. Conjoint analysis of circulating tumor cells and solid tumors for exploring potential prognostic markers and constructing a robust novel predictive signature for breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:708. [PMID: 34953500 PMCID: PMC8710246 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distance metastasis is the leading cause of death for breast cancer patients, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role in cancer metastasis. There have been few studies on CTCs at the molecular level due to their rarity, and the heterogeneity of CTCs may provide special information for solid tumor analysis. Methods In this study, we used the gene expression and clinical information of single-cell RNA-seq data of CTCs of breast cancer and discovered a cluster of epithelial cells that had more aggressive characteristics. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the identified epithelial cells cluster and others from single-CTCs were selected for further analysis in bulk sequence data of solid breast cancers. Results Eighteen genes closely related to the specific CTC epithelial phenotype and breast cancer patient prognosis were identified. Among these 18 genes, we selected the GARS gene, which has not been studied in breast cancer, for functional research and confirmed that it may be a potential oncogene in breast cancer. A risk score was established by the 18 genes, and a high-risk score was strongly associated with a high metastasis rate and poor survival prognosis in breast cancer. The high-risk score group was related to a defective immune infiltration environment in breast cancer, and the immune checkpoint therapy response rate was lower in this group. The drug-sensitive analysis shows that the high-risk score patients may be more sensitive to AKT-mTOR and the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathways drugs than low-risk score patients. Conclusions Our 18-gene risk score shows good prognostic and predictive values and might be a personalized prognostic marker or therapy guide marker in breast cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02415-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hefen Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang Q, Karvelsson ST, Johannsson F, Vilhjalmsson AI, Hagen L, de Miranda Fonseca D, Sharma A, Slupphaug G, Rolfsson O. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase expression is upregulated following EMT and differentially affects intracellular glycerophosphocholine and acetylaspartate levels in breast mesenchymal cell lines. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1816-1840. [PMID: 34942055 PMCID: PMC9067156 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is one of the indispensable drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in breast cancer metastasis. In this study, we explored the metabolic changes during spontaneous EMT in three separately established breast EMT cell models using a proteomics approach supported by metabolomic analysis. We identified common proteomic changes, including in the expression of CDH1, CDH2, VIM, LGALS1, SERPINE1, PKP3, ATP2A2, JUP, MTCH2, RPL26L1 and PLOD2. Consistently altered metabolic enzymes included: FDFT1, SORD, TSTA3 and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH). Of these, UGDH was most prominently altered and has previously been associated with breast cancer patient survival. siRNA-mediated knockdown of UGDH resulted in delayed cell proliferation and dampened invasive potential of mesenchymal cells, and downregulated expression of the EMT transcription factor SNAI1. Metabolomic analysis revealed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of UGDH decreased intracellular glycerophosphocholine (GPC), whereas levels of acetylaspartate (NAA) increased. Finally, our data suggested that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) signaling was activated in mesenchymal cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRB downregulated UGDH expression, potentially via NFkB-p65. Our results support an unexplored relationship between UGDH and GPC, both of which have previously been independently associated with breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Trausti Karvelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arnar Ingi Vilhjalmsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wang Q, Karvelsson ST, Kotronoulas A, Gudjonsson T, Halldorsson S, Rolfsson O. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) is upregulated in breast epithelial-mesenchymal transition and responds to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 21:100185. [PMID: 34923141 PMCID: PMC8803663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells that have undergone partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are believed to be more invasive than cells that have completed EMT. To study metabolic reprogramming in different mesenchymal states, we analyzed protein expression following EMT in the breast epithelial cell model D492 with single-shot LFQ supported by a SILAC proteomics approach. The D492 EMT cell model contains three cell lines: the epithelial D492 cells, the mesenchymal D492M cells, and a partial mesenchymal, tumorigenic variant of D492 that overexpresses the oncogene HER2. The analysis classified the D492 and D492M cells as basal-like and D492HER2 as claudin-low. Comparative analysis of D492 and D492M to tumorigenic D492HER2 differentiated metabolic markers of migration from those of invasion. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) was one of the top dysregulated enzymes in D492HER2. Gene expression analysis of the cancer genome atlas showed that GFPT2 expression was a characteristic of claudin-low breast cancer. siRNA-mediated knockdown of GFPT2 influenced the EMT marker vimentin and both cell growth and invasion in vitro and was accompanied by lowered metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Knockdown of GFPT2 decreased cystathionine and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) in the transsulfuration pathway that regulates H2S production and mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-β. Our results demonstrate that GFPT2 controls growth and invasion in the D492 EMT model, is a marker for oxidative stress, and associated with poor prognosis in claudin-low breast cancer. GFPT2 is upregulated following EMT. GFPT2 is a marker for claudin-low breast cancer. GFPT2 affects vimentin, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. GFPT2 responds to oxidative stress. GFPT2 is regulated by insulin and EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Trausti Karvelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Thennavan A, Beca F, Xia Y, Recio SG, Allison K, Collins LC, Tse GM, Chen YY, Schnitt SJ, Hoadley KA, Beck A, Perou CM. Molecular analysis of TCGA breast cancer histologic types. CELL GENOMICS 2021; 1. [PMID: 35465400 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is classified into multiple distinct histologic types, and many of the rarer types have limited characterization. Here, we extend The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) dataset with additional histologic type annotations, in a total of 1063 breast cancers. We analyze this extended dataset to define transcriptomic and genomic profiles of six rare special histologic types: cribriform, micropapillary, mucinous, papillary, metaplastic, and invasive carcinoma with medullary pattern. We show the broader applicability of our constructed special histologic type gene signatures in the TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas dataset with a predictive model that detects mucinous histologic type across cancers of other organ systems. Using a normal mammary cell differentiation score analysis, we order histologic types into a continuum from stem cell-like to luminal progenitor-like to mature luminal-like. Finally, we classify TCGA-BRCA into 12 consensus groups based on integrated genomic and histological features. We present a rich openly accessible resource of histologic and genomic characterization of TCGA-BRCA to enable studies of the range of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatish Thennavan
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Francisco Beca
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Youli Xia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Susana Garcia Recio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kimberly Allison
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Dual recombinase action in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland epithelium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20775. [PMID: 34675248 PMCID: PMC8531329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a transgenic mouse line that expresses the codon-optimized Flp recombinase under the control of the MMTV promoter in luminal epithelial cells of the mammary gland. In this report, we demonstrate the versatile applicability of the new MMTV-Flp strain to manipulate genes in a temporally and spatially controlled manner in the normal mammary gland, in luminal-type mammary tumors that overexpress ERBB2, and in a new KRAS-associated mammary cancer model. Although the MMTV-Flp is expressed in a mosaic pattern in the luminal epithelium, the Flp-mediated activation of a mutant KrasG12D allele resulted in basal-like mammary tumors that progressively acquired mesenchymal features. Besides its applicability as a tool for gene activation and cell lineage tracing to validate the cellular origin of primary and metastatic tumor cells, we employed the MMTV-Flp transgene together with the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase to demonstrate that the combinatorial action of both recombinases can be used to delete or to activate genes in established tumors. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we conditionally deleted the JAK1 tyrosine kinase in KRAS-transformed mammary cancer cells using the dual recombinase approach and found that lack of JAK1 was sufficient to block the constitutive activation of STAT3. The collective results from the various lines of investigation showed that it is, in principle, feasible to manipulate genes in a ligand-controlled manner in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, even when cancer cells acquire a state of cellular plasticity that may no longer support the expression of the MMTV-Flp transgene.
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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De Blander H, Morel AP, Senaratne AP, Ouzounova M, Puisieux A. Cellular Plasticity: A Route to Senescence Exit and Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4561. [PMID: 34572787 PMCID: PMC8468602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a dynamic, multistep program that results in permanent cell cycle arrest and is triggered by developmental or environmental, oncogenic or therapy-induced stress signals. Senescence is considered as a tumor suppressor mechanism that prevents the risk of neoplastic transformation by restricting the proliferation of damaged cells. Cells undergoing senescence sustain important morphological changes, chromatin remodeling and metabolic reprogramming, and secrete pro-inflammatory factors termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP activation is required for the clearance of senescent cells by innate immunity. Therefore, escape from senescence and the associated immune editing would be a prerequisite for tumor initiation and progression as well as therapeutic resistance. One of the possible mechanisms for overcoming senescence could be the acquisition of cellular plasticity resulting from the accumulation of genomic alterations and genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. The modified composition of the SASP produced by these reprogrammed cancer cells would create a permissive environment, allowing their immune evasion. Additionally, the SASP produced by cancer cells could enhance the cellular plasticity of neighboring cells, thus hindering their recognition by the immune system. Here, we propose a comprehensive review of the literature, highlighting the role of cellular plasticity in the pro-tumoral activity of senescence in normal cells and in the cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien De Blander
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aruni P. Senaratne
- UMR3664—Nuclear Dynamics, Development, Biology, Cancer, Genetics and Epigenetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR3666, Inserm U1143, Cellular and Chemical Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR3666, Inserm U1143, Cellular and Chemical Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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47
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Prodhomme MK, Péricart S, Pommier RM, Morel AP, Brunac AC, Franchet C, Moyret-Lalle C, Brousset P, Puisieux A, Hoffmann JS, Tissier A. Opposite Roles for ZEB1 and TMEJ in the Regulation of Breast Cancer Genome Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727429. [PMID: 34458275 PMCID: PMC8388841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently acquire mutations in faithful DNA repair genes, as exemplified by BRCA-deficiency. Moreover, overexpression of an inaccurate DNA repair pathway may also be at the origin of the genetic instability arising during the course of cancer progression. The specific gain in expression of POLQ, encoding the error-prone DNA polymerase Theta (POLθ) involved in theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ), is associated with a characteristic mutational signature. To gain insight into the mechanistic regulation of POLQ expression, this review briefly presents recent findings on the regulation of POLQ in the claudin-low breast tumor subtype, specifically expressing transcription factors involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as ZEB1 and displaying a paucity in genomic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie K Prodhomme
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Brunac
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Franchet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Institut Curie, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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48
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Miyano M, Sayaman RW, Shalabi SF, Senapati P, Lopez JC, Angarola BL, Hinz S, Zirbes A, Anczukow O, Yee LD, Sedrak MS, Stampfer MR, Seewaldt VL, LaBarge MA. Breast-Specific Molecular Clocks Comprised of ELF5 Expression and Promoter Methylation Identify Individuals Susceptible to Cancer Initiation. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:779-794. [PMID: 34140348 PMCID: PMC8338914 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A robust breast cancer prevention strategy requires risk assessment biomarkers for early detection. We show that expression of ELF5, a transcription factor critical for normal mammary development, is downregulated in mammary luminal epithelia with age. DNA methylation of the ELF5 promoter is negatively correlated with expression in an age-dependent manner. Both ELF5 methylation and gene expression were used to build biological clocks to estimate chronological ages of mammary epithelia. ELF5 clock-based estimates of biological age in luminal epithelia from average-risk women were within three years of chronological age. Biological ages of breast epithelia from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, who were high risk for developing breast cancer, suggested they were accelerated by two decades relative to chronological age. The ELF5 DNA methylation clock had better performance at predicting biological age in luminal epithelial cells as compared with two other epigenetic clocks based on whole tissues. We propose that the changes in ELF5 expression or ELF5-proximal DNA methylation in luminal epithelia are emergent properties of at-risk breast tissue and constitute breast-specific biological clocks. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: ELF5 expression or DNA methylation level at the ELF5 promoter region can be used as breast-specific biological clocks to identify women at higher than average risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Miyano
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rosalyn W Sayaman
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sundus F Shalabi
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jennifer C Lopez
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Stefan Hinz
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Arrianna Zirbes
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Olga Anczukow
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mina S Sedrak
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Victoria L Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California.
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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49
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Rädler PD, Wehde BL, Triplett AA, Shrestha H, Shepherd JH, Pfefferle AD, Rui H, Cardiff RD, Perou CM, Wagner KU. Highly metastatic claudin-low mammary cancers can originate from luminal epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3742. [PMID: 34145248 PMCID: PMC8213728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer represents an aggressive molecular subtype that is comprised of mostly triple-negative mammary tumor cells that possess stem cell-like and mesenchymal features. Little is known about the cellular origin and oncogenic drivers that promote claudin-low breast cancer. In this study, we show that persistent oncogenic RAS signaling causes highly metastatic triple-negative mammary tumors in mice. More importantly, the activation of endogenous mutant KRAS and expression of exogenous KRAS specifically in luminal epithelial cells in a continuous and differentiation stage-independent manner induces preneoplastic lesions that evolve into basal-like and claudin-low mammary cancers. Further investigations demonstrate that the continuous signaling of oncogenic RAS, as well as regulators of EMT, play a crucial role in the cellular plasticity and maintenance of the mesenchymal and stem cell characteristics of claudin-low mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Rädler
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Barbara L Wehde
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aleata A Triplett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hridaya Shrestha
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shepherd
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam D Pfefferle
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center of Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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50
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Xiang Y, Zou X, Shi H, Xu X, Wu C, Zhong W, Wang J, Zhou W, Zeng X, He M, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang X. Elastic Net Models Based on DNA Copy Number Variations Predicts Clinical Features, Expression Signatures, and Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:668040. [PMID: 34135942 PMCID: PMC8202527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the precision medicine of lung adenocarcinoma, the identification and prediction of tumor phenotypes for specific biomolecular events are still not studied in depth. Various earlier researches sheds light on the close correlation between genetic expression signatures and DNA copy number variations (CNVs), for which analysis of CNVs provides valuable information about molecular and phenotypic changes in tumorigenesis. In this study, we propose a comprehensive analysis combining genome-wide association analysis and an Elastic Net Regression predictive model, focus on predicting the levels of many gene expression signatures in lung adenocarcinoma, based upon DNA copy number features alone. Additionally, we predicted many other key phenotypes, including clinical features (pathological stage), gene mutations, and protein expressions. These Elastic Net prediction methods can also be applied to other gene sets, thereby facilitating their use as biomarkers in monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huaqiu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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