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Fagnani E, Bonì F, Seneci P, Gornati D, Muzio L, Mastrangelo E, Milani M. Stabilization of the retromer complex: Analysis of novel binding sites of bis-1,3-phenyl guanylhydrazone 2a to the VPS29/VPS35 interface. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1088-1093. [PMID: 38487369 PMCID: PMC10937258 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The stabilization of the retromer protein complex can be effective in the treatment of different neurological disorders. Following the identification of bis-1,3-phenyl guanylhydrazone 2a as an effective new compound for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in this work we analyze the possible binding sites of this molecule to the VPS35/VPS29 dimer of the retromer complex. Our results show that the affinity for different sites of the protein assembly depends on compound charge and therefore slight changes in the cell microenvironment could promote different binding states. Finally, we describe a novel binding site located in a deep cleft between VPS29 and VPS35 that should be further explored to select novel molecular chaperones for the stabilization of the retromer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fagnani
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonì
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Gornati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Muzio
- INSPE—Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, I–20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Biophysics Institute, CNR-IBF, Via Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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2
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T, Nakamura T, Sato K, Sugeno N, Ishiyama S, Sekiguchi K, Tobita M, Takeda A, Aoki M. Dysregulation of SNX1-retromer axis in pharmacogenetic models of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:290. [PMID: 38886344 PMCID: PMC11183211 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 35, as a causative molecule for familial Parkinson's disease (PD), retromer-mediated endosomal machinery has been a rising factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. The retromer complex cooperates with sorting nexin (SNX) dimer and DNAJC13, another causal molecule in PD, to transport cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, and is also involved in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Retromer dysfunction may induce neuronal death leading to PD via several biological cascades, including misfolded, insoluble α-synuclein (aS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that the stagnation of retromer-mediated retrograde transport consistently occurs in different PD-mimetic conditions, i.e., overexpression of PD-linked mutant DNAJC13, excess aS induction, or toxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, DNAJC13 was found to be involved in clathrin-dependent retromer transport as a functional modulator of SNX1 together with heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (Hsc70), which was controlled by the binding and dissociation of DNAJC13 and SNX1 in an Hsc70 activity-dependent manner. In addition, excess amount of aS decreased the interaction between SNX1 and VPS35, the core component of retromer. Furthermore, R33, a pharmacological retromer chaperone, reduced insoluble aS and mitigated rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that retrograde transport regulated by SNX1-retromer may be profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of PD and is a potential target for disease-modifying therapy for the disease.
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Grants
- 20K07896 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 23K06823 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 19K16998 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 23K14769 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20K07862 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 23K19557 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, NHO Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, NHO Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8555, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Nakamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, NHO Miyagi National Hospital, Watari, Miyagi, 989-2202, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoto Sugeno
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Muneshige Tobita
- Department of Neurology, NHO Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, NHO Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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3
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Riva N, Domi T, Pozzi L, Lunetta C, Schito P, Spinelli EG, Cabras S, Matteoni E, Consonni M, Bella ED, Agosta F, Filippi M, Calvo A, Quattrini A. Update on recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12435-9. [PMID: 38802624 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the last few years, our understanding of disease molecular mechanisms underpinning ALS has advanced greatly, allowing the first steps in translating into clinical practice novel research findings, including gene therapy approaches. Similarly, the recent advent of assistive technologies has greatly improved the possibility of a more personalized approach to supportive and symptomatic care, in the context of an increasingly complex multidisciplinary line of actions, which remains the cornerstone of ALS management. Against this rapidly growing background, here we provide an comprehensive update on the most recent studies that have contributed towards our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the latest results from clinical trials as well as the future directions for improving the clinical management of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Teuta Domi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pozzi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Unit of Milan Institute, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Schito
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cabras
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteoni
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Consonni
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dalla Bella
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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4
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Romano‐Moreno M, Astorga‐Simón EN, Rojas AL, Hierro A. Retromer-mediated recruitment of the WASH complex involves discrete interactions between VPS35, VPS29, and FAM21. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4980. [PMID: 38607248 PMCID: PMC11010949 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking ensures the proper distribution of lipids and proteins to various cellular compartments, facilitating intracellular communication, nutrient transport, waste disposal, and the maintenance of cell structure. Retromer, a peripheral membrane protein complex, plays an important role in this process by recruiting the associated actin-polymerizing WASH complex to establish distinct sorting domains. The WASH complex is recruited through the interaction of the VPS35 subunit of retromer with the WASH complex subunit FAM21. Here, we report the identification of two separate fragments of FAM21 that interact with VPS35, along with a third fragment that binds to the VPS29 subunit of retromer. The crystal structure of VPS29 bound to a peptide derived from FAM21 shows a distinctive sharp bend that inserts into a conserved hydrophobic pocket with a binding mode similar to that adopted by other VPS29 effectors. Interestingly, despite the network of interactions between FAM21 and retromer occurring near the Parkinson's disease-linked mutation (D620N) in VPS35, this mutation does not significantly impair the direct association with FAM21 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romano‐Moreno
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)BilbaoSpain
- GAIKER Technology CentreBasque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)ZamudioSpain
| | | | - Adriana L. Rojas
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)BilbaoSpain
| | - Aitor Hierro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)BilbaoSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Present address:
Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
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5
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Guise AJ, Misal SA, Carson R, Chu JH, Boekweg H, Van Der Watt D, Welsh NC, Truong T, Liang Y, Xu S, Benedetto G, Gagnon J, Payne SH, Plowey ED, Kelly RT. TDP-43-stratified single-cell proteomics of postmortem human spinal motor neurons reveals protein dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113636. [PMID: 38183652 PMCID: PMC10926001 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A limitation of conventional bulk-tissue proteome studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the confounding of motor neuron (MN) signals by admixed non-MN proteins. Here, we leverage laser capture microdissection and nanoPOTS single-cell mass spectrometry-based proteomics to query changes in protein expression in single MNs from postmortem ALS and control tissues. In a follow-up analysis, we examine the impact of stratification of MNs based on cytoplasmic transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)+ inclusion pathology on the profiles of 2,238 proteins. We report extensive overlap in differentially abundant proteins identified in ALS MNs with or without overt TDP-43 pathology, suggesting early and sustained dysregulation of cellular respiration, mRNA splicing, translation, and vesicular transport in ALS. Together, these data provide insights into proteome-level changes associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and begin to demonstrate the utility of pathology-stratified trace sample proteomics for understanding single-cell protein dynamics in human neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santosh A Misal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Richard Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Hannah Boekweg
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | | - Thy Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | | | | - Samuel H Payne
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Ryan T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Mishra S, Knupp A, Kinoshita C, Williams CA, Rose SE, Martinez R, Theofilas P, Young JE. Pharmacologic enhancement of retromer rescues endosomal pathology induced by defects in the Alzheimer's gene SORL1. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2434-2450. [PMID: 37949073 PMCID: PMC10724056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The SORL1 gene (SORLA) is strongly associated with risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). SORLA is a regulator of endosomal trafficking in neurons and interacts with retromer, a complex that is a "master conductor" of endosomal trafficking. Small molecules can increase retromer expression in vitro, enhancing its function. We treated hiPSC-derived cortical neurons that are either fully deficient, haploinsufficient, or that harbor one copy of SORL1 variants linked to AD with TPT-260, a retromer-enhancing molecule. We show significant increases in retromer subunit VPS26B expression. We tested whether endosomal, amyloid, and TAU pathologies were corrected. We observed that the degree of rescue by TPT-260 treatment depended on the number of copies of functional SORL1 and which SORL1 variant was expressed. Using a disease-relevant preclinical model, our work illuminates how the SORL1-retromer pathway can be therapeutically harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Andrew Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Refugio Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Panos Theofilas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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7
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Eleuteri S, Fang TSZ, Cutillo G, Persico M, Simon DK. Retromer stabilization using a pharmacological chaperone protects in an α-synuclein based mouse model of Parkinson's. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3417076. [PMID: 37886523 PMCID: PMC10602148 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3417076/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background In the present study we assessed the protective effects of a pharmacological approach to stabilize the retromer complex in a PD mouse model. Missense mutations in the VPS35 gene are a rare cause of familial PD. The VPS35 protein is a subunit of the retromer cargo recognition complex and has a variety of functions within neurons, many of which are potentially relevant for the pathophysiology of PD. Prior studies have revealed a role for the retromer complex in controlling accumulation and clearance of α-synuclein aggregates. We previously identified an aminoguanidine hydrazone, 1,3 phenyl bis guanylhydrazone (compound 2a), as a pharmacological stabilizer of the retromer complex that increases retromer subunit protein levels and function. Methods Here, we validate the efficacy of 2a in protecting against αSynuclein pathology and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in a PD mouse model generated by unilateral injection of AAV-A53T-αSynuclein in the substantia nigra. Results Daily intraperitoneal administration of 2a at 10 mg/Kg for 100 days led to robust protection against behavioral deficits, dopaminergic neuronal loss and loss of striatal dopaminergic fibers and striatal monoamines. Treatment with 2a activated αSynuclein degradation pathways in the SN and led to significant reductions in aggregates and pathological αSynuclein. Conclusion These data suggest retromer stabilization as a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease leading to neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and rescue in the accumulation of pathological and aggregates αSynuclein. We identified 2a compound as potential clinical drug candidate for future testing in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Chen X, Tsika E, Levine N, Moore DJ. VPS35 and α-Synuclein fail to interact to modulate neurodegeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 37542299 PMCID: PMC10403858 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene cause late-onset, autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), with a single missense mutation (Asp620Asn, D620N) known to segregate with disease in families with PD. The VPS35 gene encodes a core component of the retromer complex, involved in the endosomal sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo proteins. VPS35-linked PD is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD, although it is not yet known whether VPS35-PD brains exhibit α-synuclein-positive brainstem Lewy pathology that is characteristic of sporadic cases. Prior studies have suggested a functional interaction between VPS35 and the PD-linked gene product α-synuclein in lower organisms, where VPS35 deletion enhances α-synuclein-induced toxicity. In mice, VPS35 overexpression is reported to rescue hippocampal neuronal loss in human α-synuclein transgenic mice, potentially suggesting a retromer deficiency in these mice. METHODS Here, we employ multiple well-established genetic rodent models to explore a functional or pathological interaction between VPS35 and α-synuclein in vivo. RESULTS We find that endogenous α-synuclein is dispensable for nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by the viral-mediated delivery of human D620N VPS35 in mice, suggesting that α-synuclein does not operate downstream of VPS35. We next evaluated retromer levels in affected brain regions from human A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice, but find normal levels of the core subunits VPS35, VPS26 or VPS29. We further find that heterozygous VPS35 deletion fails to alter the lethal neurodegenerative phenotype of these A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice, suggesting the absence of retromer deficiency in this PD model. Finally, we explored the neuroprotective capacity of increasing VPS35 expression in a viral-based human wild-type α-synuclein rat model of PD. However, we find that the overexpression of wild-type VPS35 is not sufficient for protection against α-synuclein-induced nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration, α-synuclein pathology and reactive gliosis. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest a limited interaction of VPS35 and α-synuclein in neurodegenerative models of PD, and do not provide support for their interaction within a common pathophysiological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Elpida Tsika
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, 1015, Switzerland
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Levine
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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9
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Carosi JM, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Receptor Recycling by Retromer. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:317-334. [PMID: 37350516 PMCID: PMC10348044 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2222053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved retromer complex controls the fate of hundreds of receptors that pass through the endolysosomal system and is a central regulatory node for diverse metabolic programs. More than 20 years ago, retromer was discovered as an essential regulator of endosome-to-Golgi transport in yeast; since then, significant progress has been made to characterize how metazoan retromer components assemble to enable its engagement with endosomal membranes, where it sorts cargo receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane through recognition of sorting motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In this review, we examine retromer regulation by exploring its assembled structure with an emphasis on how a range of adaptor proteins shape the process of receptor trafficking. Specifically, we focus on how retromer is recruited to endosomes, selects cargoes, and generates tubulovesicular carriers that deliver cargoes to target membranes. We also examine how cells adapt to distinct metabolic states by coordinating retromer expression and function. We contrast similarities and differences between retromer and its related complexes: retriever and commander/CCC, as well as their interplay in receptor trafficking. We elucidate how loss of retromer regulation is central to the pathology of various neurogenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as microbial infections, and highlight both opportunities and cautions for therapeutics that target retromer. Finally, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that govern retromer regulation, we outline new directions for the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Guise AJ, Misal SA, Carson R, Boekweg H, Watt DVD, Truong T, Liang Y, Chu JH, Welsh NC, Gagnon J, Payne SH, Plowey ED, Kelly RT. TDP-43-stratified single-cell proteomic profiling of postmortem human spinal motor neurons reveals protein dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544233. [PMID: 37333094 PMCID: PMC10274884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Unbiased proteomics has been employed to interrogate central nervous system (CNS) tissues (brain, spinal cord) and fluid matrices (CSF, plasma) from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; yet, a limitation of conventional bulk tissue studies is that motor neuron (MN) proteome signals may be confounded by admixed non-MN proteins. Recent advances in trace sample proteomics have enabled quantitative protein abundance datasets from single human MNs (Cong et al., 2020b). In this study, we leveraged laser capture microdissection (LCM) and nanoPOTS (Zhu et al., 2018c) single-cell mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to query changes in protein expression in single MNs from postmortem ALS and control donor spinal cord tissues, leading to the identification of 2515 proteins across MNs samples (>900 per single MN) and quantitative comparison of 1870 proteins between disease groups. Furthermore, we studied the impact of enriching/stratifying MN proteome samples based on the presence and extent of immunoreactive, cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions, allowing identification of 3368 proteins across MNs samples and profiling of 2238 proteins across TDP-43 strata. We found extensive overlap in differential protein abundance profiles between MNs with or without obvious TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions that together point to early and sustained dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, mRNA splicing and translation, and retromer-mediated vesicular transport in ALS. Our data are the first unbiased quantification of single MN protein abundance changes associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and begin to demonstrate the utility of pathology-stratified trace sample proteomics for understanding single-cell protein abundance changes in human neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santosh A. Misal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Richard Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Hannah Boekweg
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Thy Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | | | | | | | - Samuel H. Payne
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Ryan T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
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11
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Daly JL, Danson CM, Lewis PA, Zhao L, Riccardo S, Di Filippo L, Cacchiarelli D, Lee D, Cross SJ, Heesom KJ, Xiong WC, Ballabio A, Edgar JR, Cullen PJ. Multi-omic approach characterises the neuroprotective role of retromer in regulating lysosomal health. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3086. [PMID: 37248224 PMCID: PMC10227043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer controls cellular homeostasis through regulating integral membrane protein sorting and transport and by controlling maturation of the endo-lysosomal network. Retromer dysfunction, which is linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, manifests in complex cellular phenotypes, though the precise nature of this dysfunction, and its relation to neurodegeneration, remain unclear. Here, we perform an integrated multi-omics approach to provide precise insight into the impact of Retromer dysfunction on endo-lysosomal health and homeostasis within a human neuroglioma cell model. We quantify widespread changes to the lysosomal proteome, indicative of broad lysosomal dysfunction and inefficient autophagic lysosome reformation, coupled with a reconfigured cell surface proteome and secretome reflective of increased lysosomal exocytosis. Through this global proteomic approach and parallel transcriptomic analysis, we provide a holistic view of Retromer function in regulating lysosomal homeostasis and emphasise its role in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Daly
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
| | - Chris M Danson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Philip A Lewis
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucio Di Filippo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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12
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Muzio L, Ghirelli A, Agosta F, Martino G. Novel therapeutic approaches for motor neuron disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:523-537. [PMID: 37620088 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to the neurodegeneration and death of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Although MNs are the main cells involved in the process of neurodegeneration, a growing body of evidence points toward other cell types as concurrent to disease initiation and propagation. Given the current absence of effective therapies, the quest for other therapeutic targets remains open and still challenges the scientific community. Both neuronal and extra-neuronal mechanisms of cellular stress and damage have been studied and have posed the basis for the development of novel therapies that have been investigated on both animal models and humans. In this chapter, a thorough review of the main mechanisms of cellular damage and the respective therapeutic attempts targeting them is reported. The main areas covered include neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, RNA metabolism, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Muzio
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, InsPE, Milan, Italy
| | - Alma Ghirelli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, InsPE, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, InsPE, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, InsPE, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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13
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Hegazy M, Koetsier JL, Huffine AL, Broussard JA, Godsel BM, Cohen-Barak E, Sprecher E, Wolfgeher DJ, Kron SJ, Godsel LM, Green KJ. Epidermal stratification requires retromer-mediated desmoglein-1 recycling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2683-2698.e8. [PMID: 36495876 PMCID: PMC9973369 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sorting transmembrane cargo is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. However, mechanisms of intracellular trafficking in stratified epidermis are poorly understood. Here, we identify an interaction between the retromer endosomal trafficking component, VPS35, and the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-1 (Dsg1). Dsg1 is specifically expressed in stratified epidermis and, when properly localized on the plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes, promotes stratification. We show that the retromer drives Dsg1 recycling from the endo-lysosomal system to the plasma membrane to support human keratinocyte stratification. The retromer-enhancing chaperone, R55, promotes the membrane localization of Dsg1 and a trafficking-deficient mutant associated with a severe inflammatory skin disorder, enhancing its ability to promote stratification. In the absence of Dsg1, retromer association with and expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 increases, exposing a potential link between Dsg1 deficiency and epidermal metabolism. Our work provides evidence for retromer function in epidermal regeneration, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amber L Huffine
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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14
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Casañas JJ, Montesinos ML. Proteomic characterization of spinal cord synaptoneurosomes from Tg-SOD1/G93A mice supports a role for MNK1 and local translation in the early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103792. [PMID: 36372157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of synaptoneurosomes (SNs) represents a useful means to study synaptic events. However, the size and density of synapses varies in different regions of the central nervous system (CNS), and this also depends on the experimental species studied, making it difficult to define a generic protocol for SNs preparation. To characterize synaptic failure in the spinal cord (SC) in the Tg-SOD1/G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we applied a method we originally designed to isolate cortical and hippocampal SNs to SC tissue. Interestingly, we found that the SC SNs were isolated in a different gradient fraction to the cortical/hippocampal SNs. We compared the relative levels of synaptoneurosomal proteins in wild type (WT) animals, with control (Tg-SOD1) or Tg-SOD1/G93A mice at onset and those that were symptomatic using iTRAQ proteomics. The results obtained suggest that an important regulator of local synaptic translation, MNK1 (MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1), might well influence the early stages of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Casañas
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Luz Montesinos
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Ahmed T. Neural stem cell engineering for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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16
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Curtis ME, Smith T, Blass BE, Praticò D. Dysfunction of the retromer complex system contributes to amyloid and tau pathology in a stem cell model of Down syndrome. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12334. [PMID: 35910668 PMCID: PMC9322819 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Retromer complex proteins are decreased in Down syndrome (DS) brains and correlate inversely with brain amyloidosis. However, whether retromer dysfunction contributes to the amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathology of DS remains unknown. Methods Human trisomic induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls were differentiated into forebrain neurons, and changes in retromer proteins, tau phosphorylated epitopes, and Aβ levels were assessed in euploid and trisomic neurons using western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genetic overexpression and pharmacological retromer stabilization were used to determine the functional role of the retromer complex system in modulating amyloid and tau pathology. Results Trisomic neurons developed age-dependent retromer core protein deficiency associated with accumulation of Aβ peptides and phosphorylated tau isoforms. Enhancing retromer function through overexpression or pharmacological retromer stabilization reduced amyloid and tau pathology in trisomic neurons. However, the effect was greater using a pharmacological approach, suggesting that targeting the complex stability may be more effective in addressing this neuropathology in DS. Discussion Our results demonstrate that the retromer complex is directly involved in the development of the neuropathologic phenotype in DS, and that pharmacological stabilization of the complex should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Curtis
- Alzheimer's Center at TempleLewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Alzheimer's Center at TempleLewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at TempleLewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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17
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Pérez-Torres EJ, Utkina-Sosunova I, Mishra V, Barbuti P, De Planell-Saguer M, Dermentzaki G, Geiger H, Basile AO, Robine N, Fagegaltier D, Politi KA, Rinchetti P, Jackson-Lewis V, Harms M, Phatnani H, Lotti F, Przedborski S. Retromer dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118755119. [PMID: 35749364 PMCID: PMC9245686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118755119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a heteropentameric complex that plays a specialized role in endosomal protein sorting and trafficking. Here, we report a reduction in the retromer proteins-vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), VPS26A, and VPS29-in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in the ALS model provided by transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the mutant superoxide dismutase-1 G93A. These changes are accompanied by a reduction of levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA1, a proxy of retromer function, in spinal cords from Tg SOD1G93A mice. Correction of the retromer deficit by a viral vector expressing VPS35 exacerbates the paralytic phenotype in Tg SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, lowering Vps35 levels in Tg SOD1G93A mice ameliorates the disease phenotype. In light of these findings, we propose that mild alterations in retromer inversely modulate neurodegeneration propensity in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Irina Utkina-Sosunova
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vartika Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Peter Barbuti
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Mariangels De Planell-Saguer
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Georgia Dermentzaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Heather Geiger
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
| | - Anna O. Basile
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
| | - Nicolas Robine
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
| | - Delphine Fagegaltier
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
| | - Kristin A. Politi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Paola Rinchetti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vernice Jackson-Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Matthew Harms
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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18
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Understanding the contributions of VPS35 and the retromer in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105768. [PMID: 35588987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of the endolysosomal pathway have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, VPS35 and the retromer complex play an important role in the endolysosomal system and are implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. A single missense mutation in VPS35, Asp620Asn (D620N), is known to cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial PD. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of the PD-linked D620N mutation in causing retromer dysfunction and dissect its implications in neurodegeneration. Additionally, we will discuss how VPS35 and the retromer are linked to AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary tauopathies. Interestingly, reduced levels of VPS35 and other retromer components have been observed in post-mortem brain tissue, suggesting a role for the retromer in the pathophysiology of these diseases. This review will provide a comprehensive dive into the mechanisms of VPS35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight outstanding questions in the field and the retromer as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease at large.
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19
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Fanizza F, Campanile M, Forloni G, Giordano C, Albani D. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based organ-on-a-chip as personalized drug screening tools: A focus on neurodegenerative disorders. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221095339. [PMID: 35570845 PMCID: PMC9092580 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221095339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) technology shows great potential to revolutionize the
drugs development pipeline by mimicking the physiological environment and
functions of human organs. The translational value of OoC is further enhanced
when combined with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to
develop more realistic disease models, paving the way for the development of a
new generation of patient-on-a-chip devices. iPSCs differentiation capacity
leads to invaluable improvements in personalized medicine. Moreover, the
connection of single-OoC into multi-OoC or body-on-a-chip allows to investigate
drug pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics through the study of multi-organs
cross-talks. The need of a breakthrough thanks to this technology is
particularly relevant within the field of neurodegenerative diseases, where the
number of patients is increasing and the successful rate in drug discovery is
worryingly low. In this review we discuss current iPSC-based OoC as drug
screening models and their implication in development of new therapies for
neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanizza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Campanile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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20
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Beware of Misdelivery: Multifaceted Role of Retromer Transport in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:897688. [PMID: 35601613 PMCID: PMC9120357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.897688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a highly integrated multimeric protein complex that mediates retrograde cargo sorting from endosomal compartments. In concert with its accessory proteins, the retromer drives packaged cargoes to tubular and vesicular structures, thereby transferring them to the trans-Golgi network or to the plasma membrane. In addition to the endosomal trafficking, the retromer machinery participates in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and thus contributes to cellular homeostasis. The retromer components and their associated molecules are expressed in different types of cells including neurons and glial cells, and accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies suggests that retromer dysfunction is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, targeting retromer components could alleviate the neurodegenerative process, suggesting that the retromer complex may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will provide the latest insight into the regulatory mechanisms of retromer and discuss how its dysfunction influences the pathological process leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hasegawa,
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21
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Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231123. [PMID: 35394021 PMCID: PMC9109462 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
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22
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Curtis ME, Smith T, Yu D, Praticò D. The association of retromer deficiency and tau pathology in Down syndrome. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:561-567. [PMID: 35150166 PMCID: PMC8940634 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retromer deficiency is reported in Down syndrome and correlates with amyloidosis, however, its association with tau neuropathology remains unclear. Down syndrome and control brain tissues were evaluated for phosphorylated tau, tau modulators, and cathepsin-D activity. Several kinases and phosphatase PP2A were unchanged, but tau phosphorylation was elevated, and cathepsin-D activity decreased in aged Down syndrome subjects. Retromer proteins positively associated with soluble tau, whereas pathogenic tau negatively correlated with retromer proteins and cathepsin-D activity. Retromer deficiency and consequent reduction of cathepsin-D activity may contribute to pathogenic tau accumulation, thus, retromer represents a viable therapeutic target against tau pathology in Down syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Curtis
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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23
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Pampalakis G, Angelis G, Zingkou E, Vekrellis K, Sotiropoulou G. A chemogenomic approach is required for effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e657. [PMID: 35064780 PMCID: PMC8783349 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal untreatable disease involving degeneration of motor neurons. Μultiple causative genes encoding proteins with versatile functions have been identified indicating that diverse biological pathways lead to ALS. Chemical entities still represent a promising choice to delay ALS progression, attenuate symptoms and/or increase life expectancy, but also gene-based and stem cell-based therapies are in the process of development, and some are tested in clinical trials. Various compounds proved effective in transgenic models overexpressing distinct ALS causative genes unfortunately though, they showed no efficacy in clinical trials. Notably, while animal models provide a uniform genetic background for preclinical testing, ALS patients are not stratified, and the distinct genetic forms of ALS are treated as one group, which could explain the observed discrepancies between treating genetically homogeneous mice and quite heterogeneous patient cohorts. We suggest that chemical entity-genotype correlation should be exploited to guide patient stratification for pharmacotherapy, that is administered drugs should be selected based on the ALS genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
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24
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Dominko K, Rastija A, Sobocanec S, Vidatic L, Meglaj S, Lovincic Babic A, Hutter-Paier B, Colombo AV, Lichtenthaler SF, Tahirovic S, Hecimovic S. Impaired Retromer Function in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease Is Dependent on Intracellular Cholesterol Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13256. [PMID: 34948052 PMCID: PMC8705785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol within late endosomes and lysosomes due to NPC1 or NPC2 dysfunction. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that retromer impairment may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC and may contribute to increased amyloidogenic processing of APP and enhanced BACE1-mediated proteolysis observed in NPC disease. Using NPC1-null cells, primary mouse NPC1-deficient neurons and NPC1-deficient mice (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N), we show that retromer function is impaired in NPC. This is manifested by altered transport of the retromer core components Vps26, Vps35 and/or retromer receptor sorLA and by retromer accumulation in neuronal processes, such as within axonal swellings. Changes in retromer distribution in NPC1 mouse brains were observed already at the presymptomatic stage (at 4-weeks of age), indicating that the retromer defect occurs early in the course of NPC disease and may contribute to downstream pathological processes. Furthermore, we show that cholesterol depletion in NPC1-null cells and in NPC1 mouse brains reverts retromer dysfunction, suggesting that retromer impairment in NPC is mechanistically dependent on cholesterol accumulation. Thus, we characterized retromer dysfunction in NPC and propose that the rescue of retromer impairment may represent a novel therapeutic approach against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dominko
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Ana Rastija
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sandra Sobocanec
- Laboratory for Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Diabetes, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sarah Meglaj
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Andrea Lovincic Babic
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | | | - Alessio-Vittorio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
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25
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Chen KE, Guo Q, Hill TA, Cui Y, Kendall AK, Yang Z, Hall RJ, Healy MD, Sacharz J, Norwood SJ, Fonseka S, Xie B, Reid RC, Leneva N, Parton RG, Ghai R, Stroud DA, Fairlie DP, Suga H, Jackson LP, Teasdale RD, Passioura T, Collins BM. De novo macrocyclic peptides for inhibiting, stabilizing, and probing the function of the retromer endosomal trafficking complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg4007. [PMID: 34851660 PMCID: PMC8635440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The retromer complex (Vps35-Vps26-Vps29) is essential for endosomal membrane trafficking and signaling. Mutation of the retromer subunit Vps35 causes late-onset Parkinson’s disease, while viral and bacterial pathogens can hijack the complex during cellular infection. To modulate and probe its function, we have created a novel series of macrocyclic peptides that bind retromer with high affinity and specificity. Crystal structures show that most of the cyclic peptides bind to Vps29 via a Pro-Leu–containing sequence, structurally mimicking known interactors such as TBC1D5 and blocking their interaction with retromer in vitro and in cells. By contrast, macrocyclic peptide RT-L4 binds retromer at the Vps35-Vps26 interface and is a more effective molecular chaperone than reported small molecules, suggesting a new therapeutic avenue for targeting retromer. Last, tagged peptides can be used to probe the cellular localization of retromer and its functional interactions in cells, providing novel tools for studying retromer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Hall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael D. Healy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Joanna Sacharz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Norwood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sachini Fonseka
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Boyang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert C. Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Natalya Leneva
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ghai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Lauren P. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rohan D. Teasdale
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Toby Passioura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Sydney Analytical, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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26
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Wagner K, Smylla TK, Lampe M, Krieg J, Huber A. Phospholipase D and retromer promote recycling of TRPL ion channel via the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffic 2021; 23:42-62. [PMID: 34719094 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane protein trafficking is of fundamental importance for cell function and cell integrity of neurons and includes regulated protein recycling. In this work, we report a novel role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for protein recycling as discovered in trafficking studies of the ion channel TRPL in photoreceptor cells of Drosophila. TRPL is located within the rhabdomeric membrane from where it is endocytosed upon light stimulation and stored in the cell body. Conventional immunohistochemistry as well as stimulated emission depletion super-resolution microscopy revealed TRPL storage at the ER after illumination, suggesting an unusual recycling route of TRPL. Our results also imply that both phospholipase D (PLD) and retromer complex are required for correct recycling of TRPL to the rhabdomeric membrane. Loss of PLD activity in PLD3.1 mutants results in enhanced degradation of TRPL. In the retromer mutant vps35MH20 , TRPL is trapped in a Rab5-positive compartment. Evidenced by epistatic analysis in the double mutant PLD3.1 vps35MH20 , PLD activity precedes retromer function. We propose a model in which PLD and retromer function play key roles in the transport of TRPL to an ER enriched compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas K Smylla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marko Lampe
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Krieg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armin Huber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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Sargent D, Cunningham LA, Dues DJ, Ma Y, Kordich JJ, Mercado G, Brundin P, Cowell RM, Moore DJ. Neuronal VPS35 deletion induces spinal cord motor neuron degeneration and early post-natal lethality. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab208. [PMID: 34704029 PMCID: PMC8445400 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the selective degeneration of neuronal populations in different brain regions and frequently the formation of distinct protein aggregates that often overlap between diseases. While the causes of many sporadic neurodegenerative diseases are unclear, genes associated with familial or sporadic forms of disease and the underlying cellular pathways involved tend to support common disease mechanisms. Underscoring this concept, mutations in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35 Orthologue (VPS35) gene have been identified to cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease, whereas reduced VPS35 protein levels are reported in vulnerable brain regions of subjects with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy and Pick's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, VPS35 is commonly implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. VPS35 plays a critical role in the retromer complex that mediates the retrieval and recycling of transmembrane protein cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. VPS35 and retromer function are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, with the homozygous deletion of VPS35 inducing early embryonic lethality in mice that has hindered an understanding of its role in the brain. Here, we develop conditional knockout mice with the selective deletion of VPS35 in neurons to better elucidate its role in neuronal viability and its connection to neurodegenerative diseases. Surprisingly, the pan-neuronal deletion of VPS35 induces a progressive and rapid disease with motor deficits and early post-natal lethality. Underlying this neurological phenotype is the relatively selective and robust degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Neuronal loss is accompanied and preceded by the formation of p62-positive protein inclusions and robust reactive astrogliosis. Our study reveals a critical yet unappreciated role for VPS35 function in the normal maintenance and survival of motor neurons during post-natal development that has important implications for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lindsey A Cunningham
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Dylan J Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kordich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Gabriela Mercado
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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28
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Retromer dependent changes in cellular homeostasis and Parkinson's disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:987-998. [PMID: 34528672 PMCID: PMC8709886 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, mechanistic treatments targeting the initial cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited due to the underlying biological cause(s) been unclear. Endosomes and their associated cellular homeostasis processes have emerged to have a significant role in the pathophysiology associated with PD. Several variants within retromer complex have been identified and characterised within familial PD patients. The retromer complex represents a key sorting platform within the endosomal system that regulates cargo sorting that maintains cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarise the current understandings of how PD-associated retromer variants disrupt cellular trafficking and how the retromer complex can interact with other PD-associated genes to contribute to the disease progression.
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29
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Neuroprotection Mediated by Human Blood Plasma in Mouse Hippocampal Slice Cultures and in Oxidatively Stressed Human Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179567. [PMID: 34502475 PMCID: PMC8430756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection from oxidative stress is critical during neuronal development and maintenance but also plays a major role in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of various neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence in the murine system suggests neuroprotective effects of blood plasma on the aged or diseased brain. However, little is known about plasma-mediated effects on human neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate the neuroprotective effect mediated by human plasma and the most abundant plasma–protein human serum albumin against oxidative stress in glutamatergic neurons differentiated from human neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells. We observed a strong neuroprotective effect of human plasma and human serum albumin against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death on the single cell level, similar to the one mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Moreover, we detected neuroprotection of plasma and human serum albumin against kainic acid-induced excitatory stress in ex vivo cultured mouse hippocampal tissue slices. The present study provides deeper insights into plasma-mediated neuroprotection ultimately resulting in the development of novel therapies for a variety of neurological and, in particular, neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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The understudied links of the retromer complex to age-related pathways. GeroScience 2021; 44:19-24. [PMID: 34370162 PMCID: PMC8811076 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal aging is associated with numerous diseases resulting in memory impairment and functional decline. A common hallmark of these disorders is the accumulation of intracellular and extracellular protein aggregates. The retromer complex plays a central role in sorting proteins by marking them for reuse rather than degradation. Retromer dysfunction has been shown to induce protein aggregates and neurodegeneration, suggesting that it may be important for age-related neuronal decline and disease progression. Despite this, little is known about how aging influences retromer stability and the proteins with which it interacts. Detailed insights into age-dependent changes in retromer structure and function could provide valuable information towards treating and preventing many age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we visit age-related pathways which interact with retromer function that ought to be further explored to determine its role in age-related neurodegeneration.
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31
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Unveiling the cryo-EM structure of retromer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2261-2272. [PMID: 33125482 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retromer (VPS26/VPS35/VPS29) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex that localizes to endosomes to sort transmembrane protein cargoes into vesicles and elongated tubules. Retromer mediates retrieval pathways from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in all eukaryotes and further facilitates recycling pathways to the plasma membrane in metazoans. In cells, retromer engages multiple partners to orchestrate the formation of tubulovesicular structures, including sorting nexin (SNX) proteins, cargo adaptors, GTPases, regulators, and actin remodeling proteins. Retromer-mediated pathways are especially important for sorting cargoes required for neuronal maintenance, which links retromer loss or mutations to multiple human brain diseases and disorders. Structural and biochemical studies have long contributed to the understanding of retromer biology, but recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography have further uncovered exciting new snapshots of reconstituted retromer structures. These new structures reveal retromer assembles into an arch-shaped scaffold and suggest the scaffold may be flexible and adaptable in cells. Interactions with cargo adaptors, particularly SNXs, likely orient the scaffold with respect to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P)-enriched membranes. Pharmacological small molecule chaperones have further been shown to stabilize retromer in cultured cell and mouse models, but mechanisms by which these molecules bind remain unknown. This review will emphasize recent structural and biophysical advances in understanding retromer structure as the field moves towards a molecular view of retromer assembly and regulation on membranes.
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32
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Zhao Y, Tang F, Lee D, Xiong WC. Expression of Low Level of VPS35-mCherry Fusion Protein Diminishes Vps35 Depletion Induced Neuron Terminal Differentiation Deficits and Neurodegenerative Pathology, and Prevents Neonatal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8394. [PMID: 34445101 PMCID: PMC8395035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35) is a key component of retromer that consists of Vps35, Vps26, and Vps29 trimers, and sortin nexin dimers. Dysfunctional Vps35/retromer is believed to be a risk factor for development of various neurodegenerative diseases. Vps35Neurod6 mice, which selectively knock out Vps35 in Neurod6-Cre+ pyramidal neurons, exhibit age-dependent impairments in terminal differentiation of dendrites and axons of cortical and hippocampal neurons, neuro-degenerative pathology (i.e., increases in P62 and Tdp43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) proteins, cell death, and reactive gliosis), and neonatal death. The relationships among these phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we provide evidence that expression of low level of VPS35-mCherry fusion protein in Vps35Neurod6 mice could diminish the phenotypes in an age-dependent manner. Specifically, we have generated a conditional transgenic mouse line, LSL-Vps35-mCherry, which expresses VPS35-mCherry fusion protein in a Cre-dependent manner. Crossing LSL-Vps35-mCherry with Vps35Neurod6 to obtain TgVPS35-mCherry, Vps35Neurod6 mice prevent the neonatal death and diminish the dendritic morphogenesis deficit and gliosis at the neonatal, but not the adult age. Further studies revealed that the Vps35-mCherry transgene expression was low, and the level of Vps35 mRNA comprised only ~5-7% of the Vps35 mRNA of control mice. Such low level of VPS35-mCherry could restore the amount of other retromer components (Vps26a and Vps29) at the neonatal age (P14). Importantly, the neurodegenerative pathology presented in the survived adult TgVps35-mCherry; Vps35Neurod6 mice. These results demonstrate the sufficiency of low level of VPS35-mCherry fusion protein to diminish the phenotypes in Vps35Neurod6 mice at the neonatal age, verifying a key role of neuronal Vps35 in stabilizing retromer complex proteins, and supporting the view for Vps35 as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Fulei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.L.)
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Cotman SL, Lefrancois S. CLN3, at the crossroads of endocytic trafficking. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136117. [PMID: 34274435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CLN3 gene was identified over two decades ago, but the primary function of the CLN3 protein remains unknown. Recessive inheritance of loss of function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease, or CLN3 disease), a fatal childhood onset neurodegenerative disease causing vision loss, seizures, progressive dementia, motor function loss and premature death. CLN3 is a multipass transmembrane protein that primarily localizes to endosomes and lysosomes. Defects in endocytosis, autophagy, and lysosomal function are common findings in CLN3-deficiency model systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects have not yet been fully elucidated. In this mini-review, we will summarize the current understanding of the CLN3 protein interaction network and discuss how this knowledge is starting to delineate the molecular pathogenesis of CLN3 disease. Accumulating evidence strongly points towards CLN3 playing a role in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal associated proteins to tether cellular membranes, regulation of membrane complexes such as channels/transporters, and modulating the function of small GTPases to effectively mediate vesicular movement and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Stéphane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada.
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Vieira N, Rito T, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N. Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4070-4106. [PMID: 33931804 PMCID: PMC8280035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Chandra M, Kendall AK, Jackson LP. Toward Understanding the Molecular Role of SNX27/Retromer in Human Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642378. [PMID: 33937239 PMCID: PMC8083963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in membrane trafficking pathways have profound effects in cellular dynamics of cellular sorting processes and can drive severe physiological outcomes. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) is a metazoan-specific sorting nexin protein from the PX-FERM domain family and is required for endosomal recycling of many important transmembrane receptors. Multiple studies have shown SNX27-mediated recycling requires association with retromer, one of the best-known regulators of endosomal trafficking. SNX27/retromer downregulation is strongly linked to Down's Syndrome (DS) via glutamate receptor dysfunction and to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through increased intracellular production of amyloid peptides from amyloid precursor protein (APP) breakdown. SNX27 is further linked to addiction via its role in potassium channel trafficking, and its over-expression is linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Thus, the correct sorting of multiple receptors by SNX27/retromer is vital for normal cellular function to prevent human diseases. The role of SNX27 in regulating cargo recycling from endosomes to the cell surface is firmly established, but how SNX27 assembles with retromer to generate tubulovesicular carriers remains elusive. Whether SNX27/retromer may be a putative therapeutic target to prevent neurodegenerative disease is now an emerging area of study. This review will provide an update on our molecular understanding of endosomal trafficking events mediated by the SNX27/retromer complex on endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Chandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lauren P. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Retromer dysfunction at the nexus of tauopathies. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:884-899. [PMID: 33473181 PMCID: PMC7937680 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies define a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases that encompass pathological aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Although tau aggregation is a central feature of these diseases, their underlying pathobiology is remarkably heterogeneous at the molecular level. In this review, we summarize critical differences that account for this heterogeneity and contrast the physiological and pathological functions of tau. We focus on the recent understanding of its prion-like behavior that accounts for its spread in the brain. Moreover, we acknowledge the limited appreciation about how upstream cellular changes influence tauopathy. Dysfunction of the highly conserved endosomal trafficking complex retromer is found in numerous tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy, and we discuss how this has emerged as a major contributor to various aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, we highlight recent investigations that have elucidated the contribution of retromer dysfunction to distinct measures of tauopathy such as tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, and impaired cognition and behavior. Finally, we discuss the potential benefit of targeting retromer for modifying disease burden and identify important considerations with such an approach moving toward clinical translation.
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Sargent D, Moore DJ. Mechanisms of VPS35-Mediated Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2021; 2:221-244. [PMID: 35497708 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irmvd.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a sporadic and common neurodegenerative movement disorder resulting from the complex interplay between genetic risk, aging and environmental exposure. Familial forms of PD account for ~10% of cases and are known to result from the inheritance of mutations in at least 15 genes. Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial PD. VPS35 is a key suunit of the pentameric retromer complex that plays a role in the retrograde sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network. A single heterozygous Asp620Asn (D620N) mutation in VPS35 has been identified in multiple families that segregates with PD, and a number of experimental cellular and animal models have been developed to understand its pathogenic effects. At the molecular level, the D620N mutation has been shown to impair the interaction of VPS35 with the WASH complex, that plays an accessory function in retromer-dependent sorting. In addition, the D620N mutation has been linked to the abnormal sorting of retromer cargo, including CI-M6PR, AMPA receptor subunits, MUL1, LAMP2a and ATG9A, as well as to LRRK2 hyperactivation. At the cellular level, data support an impact of D620N VPS35 on mitochondrial function, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, Wnt signaling and neurotransmission via altered endosomal sorting. The relevance of abnormal retromer sorting and cellular pathways to PD-related neurodegenerative phenotypes induced by D620N VPS35 in rodent models is not yet clear. There is also uncertainty regarding the mechanism-of-action of the D620N mutation and whether it manifests pathogenic effects in animal models and PD through a gain-of-function and/or a partial dominant-negative mechanism. Here, we discuss the emerging molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD induced by familial VPS35 mutations, going from structure to cellular function to neuropathology. We further discuss studies linking reduced retromer function to other neurodegenerative diseases and potential therapeutic strategies to normalize retromer function to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Abstract
For decades, recycling of membrane proteins has been represented in figures by arrows between the "endosome" and the plasma membrane, but recently there has been an explosion in the understanding of the mechanisms and protein complexes required to facilitate protein recycling. Here, some key discoveries will be introduced, including assigning function to a number of recently recognized protein complexes and linking their function to protein recycling. Furthermore, the importance of lipid interactions and links to diseases and epithelial polarity will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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